过去式和过去分词的变化规律

过去式和过去分词的变化规律

⒈ A---A---A型(现在式、过去式、过去分词同形)

cost cost cost 花费[ ]

cut cut cut 割，切[ ]

hit hit hit 打[ ]

let let let 让[ ]

put put put 放下[ ]

read read read 读[ ]

hurt hurt hurt 伤[ ]

⒉ A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)

beat beat beaten 打[ ] [ ] [ ]

⒊ A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)

come came come 来[ ] [ ] [ ]

become became become 变[ ] [ ] [ ]

run ran run 跑[ ] [ ] [ ]

⒋ A ---B ---B型

⑴在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t 构成过去式或过去分词。

burn burnt burnt 燃烧

learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习

mean meant meant 意思

hear heard heard 听见

⑵把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母"d"改为"t"构成过去式或过去分词。

build built built 建筑

lend lent lent 借给

lose lost lost 失去

send sent sent 送

spend spent spent 花费

⑶其他

pay paid paid 付

lay laid laid 下蛋

say said said 说

bring brought brought 带来

buy bought bought 买

think thought thought 想

catch caught caught 抓住

teach taught taught 教

fight fought fought 战斗

sleep slept slept 睡

keep kept kept 保持

sweep swept swept 扫

stand stood stood 站

understand understood understood 明白

win won won 得胜

shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光

feel felt felt 觉得

find found found 发现

get got got 得到

hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂

have had had 有

hold held held 盛，握

leave left left 离开

make made made 制造

meet met met 遇见

sell sold sold 卖

shoot shot shot 射击

tell told told 告诉

smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻

sit sat sat 坐

dig dug dug 挖

⒌ A---B---C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)

⑴在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。

eat ate eaten 吃

fall fell fallen 落下

give gave given 给

take took taken 拿

see saw seen 看见

write wrote written 写

ride rode ridden 骑

drive drove driven 驾驶

throw threw thrown 抛，扔

blow blew blown 吹

grow grew grown 生长

know knew known 知道

draw drew drawn 拉，绘画

show showed shown 展示

⑵过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。

freeze froze frozen 冻结

steal stole stolen 偷

speak spoke spoken 说话

break broke broken 破碎，折断

wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒

choose chose chosen 选择

forget forgot forgotten 忘记

⑶变单词在重读音节中的元音字母"i"分别为"a"(过去式)和"u"(过去分词)。

begin began begun 开始

ring rang rung 按铃

sing sang sung 唱

sink sank sunk 沉

swim swam swum 游泳

drink drank drunk 饮

⑷其他不规则动词的变化。

be(am,is) was/ were been 是

be(are) were been 是

do did done 做

go went gone 去

lie lay lain 躺

wear wore worn 穿

fly flew flown 飞

过去分词与现在分词被动式的区别(1)过去分词在构成完成时态，不定式完成式以及被动语态时，通常不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。(现在进行时的被动语态除外)

eg:The door was closed an hour ago. 这门在一小时前就关闭了。

They have finished their homework。他们已经做完了家庭作业

(2)过去分词作前置定语时，不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。

eg: That was an inspired suggestion. 那是一条由某人提出的建议。

同样现在分词一般被动式作为定语表示动作时，也不能用过去分词来代替。eg:The house being built is a big project.

正在施工的那幢楼是一项大的工程。(3)过去分词作条件、时间等状语时，不可用现在分词一般被动式代替。

eg:Given more time，I can do it better.(表条件)'

多给点时间，我会做得更好些。

Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.(表示条件)

如果多关心一些，这些树会长得更好。Heated ,the metal expands.(表示时间) 加热后，这种金属会膨胀。

Asked why he did it，he said it was his duty .(表示时间)

问及为何要做此事时，他说这是他的职责。

(4)过去分词作表语时，不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。

eg:The top of the mountain is covered with snow .山顶满是雪。

(5)过去分词在构成have，get,want等动词后的复合宾语时，不能用现在分词一般被动式。

eg:Why don’t you have the radio fixed?你为什么不把收音机拿去修一修?

尤其是一些感官动词，如:see，hear，find等后构成复合宾语时，过去分词和现在分词一般被动式意思完全不同。eg:I heard this song being sung by my students in the next room.

我听到隔壁房间的学生正在吟唱这首歌。

(注:现在分词一般被动式表示正在进行的动作)

I have never heard this song sung in English.

我从来没有听到过用英语唱这首歌。(注:过去分词表示己完成的动作)

(6)在下面一些比较固定的分词独立结构中，通常多用过去分词。

eg: all told总计

all things considered考虑了一切因素之后

this accomplished完成这项工程之后this explantion given这样解释之后

all said and done毕竟

二.过去分词和现在分词完成被动式的