英语翻译的 直译和意译
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Literal translation and free translation
• 每课一句： • You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is
an ocean, if a few drops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty. (Mahatma. Gandhi)
• • The spirit of the Thanksgiving holiday
promotes life, friendship, closeness and family unity.
• 例证分析 • First of all, Christmas takes you out of the ordinary
和差异，翻译时有时用直译，有时用意译。 • 直译(Literal translation)指不仅忠实于原文内容,而且 忠实于原文形式的翻译方法. • 直译把忠于原文内容放在第一位，把忠于原文形式 放在第二位，要求在保持原文内容的前提下，力求 使译文与原文在选词用字、句法结构、形象比喻及 风格特征等方面尽可能趋同(无限接近)。 • 直译把通顺的译文形式放在第三位。
• 我宁愿在有朝一日会成功的事业中失败，
也不愿在有朝一日会失败的事业中成功。
一）Literal translation, free translation
• 1） Literal translation直译,异化法, foreignization • Free translation 意译, 归化法, domestication • 英、汉两种语言在结构和语义表达方面存在着雷同
• 2）The definition of literal translation
• Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and
the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translating. • Literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the original literary work, it does not mean word-for-word translation, i.e, neither a word more nor a word less. • A literal translator is asked not to alter the figures of speech, and strive to retain as much as possible the original sentence structures or patterns, such as SV, SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO,SVOC,SVOA.
• 4.2．含义广为流传，读者较为熟悉的短语、习语等 ．含义广为流传，读者较为熟悉的短语、习语等,
直译可以丰富译语语言。 直译可以丰富译语语言。例如： • 1) He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief.
• 汉译英: 感：sense • 责任感，安全感，自卑感，优越感， • A sense of responsibility , A sense of safety, • • • •
A sense of inferiority, A sense of superiority, 节奏感，正义感，羞耻感，幽默感， A sense of rhythm, A sense of justice, A sense of shame, A sense of humor, 无助感，方向感，紧迫感， A sense of hopelessness, A sense of direction, A sense of urgency,
• • • •
• 注意 • 1) A qualified translation must be not only
faithful in thought but smooth in language, which is a basic demand of a translator. • 2) Literal translation does not mean word-forword translation, and it is impossible for one to translate every sentence or a whole text word-forword. • 3) Some readers mistake dead translation for literal translation, it’s a great confusion.
• 例证分析 • First of all, Christmas takes you out of the
ordinary routine of life.
• • They give us a reason to forget routine, to
celebrate, and to make memories.
• • • • • • •
吃美食, eat delicious food Taste the Chinese delicacies. 玩通宵游戏, play computer games all night 猜灯谜, guess riddles on lanterns Letter puzzles，填字谜游戏 纸老虎paper tiger The heart is seen in wine. 酒后吐真言。
vt. make people afraid that something unpleasant or dangerous might happen 使惊恐，使担心
没有什么可大惊小怪的。 There is nothing to get alarmed about. I don’t want to alarm you, but there is a strange man sitting in your garden.
• 参议院外交委员会今天向克林顿政府伸出了橄榄枝 橄榄枝， 橄榄枝
要求在发展外交政策上合作。
• 3) In the court action, Alain sprang his trump card • • • • •
• 你绝对不能对人性失去信赖，人性是大海，
即使这个大海里游几滴脏水，它依然是洁净 的。
• Woodrow.Wilson • I’d rather lose in a cause that will win one day
than win in a cause that will lose someday.
我并不想惊扰你，不过你的花园里坐着个 陌生人。
• 4）When should we depend on 直译法 ? • 4.1) Common civilization core, 某些习语和短语 • • • • • • •
的翻译 ,例如： cold war 冷战，cold peace hot line 热线，call-in program hot girls in cool suit, spicy girl. 辣妹 Hot-selling books, black market 黑市，gray market/mare pillar industry 支柱产业 Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水
• • • • • • •
汉译英: 与家人团聚一堂 看中央电视台春节晚会 睡懒觉. 吃美食 玩通宵游戏 猜灯谜
• 汉译英: • 与家人团聚一堂, get together with family • • • •
members, have a family reunion 看中央电视台春节晚会, watch the CCTV celebration party on the Spring Festival eve. watch the Chinese New Year’s program on CCTV, 过年看重播 睡懒觉, sleep late in the morning. Stay up in the morning
• 感恩节的宗旨就是提升生活，增进友谊、加强ning of danger 警报
The air-raid alarm could be easily heard across the city of Wuhan on the 22nd of Oct. 10月22日空袭警报在全武汉市都能听到。 10 22 sounds an alarm The outbreak of SARS and bird flu ________________ to human being’s consciousness of environmental protection. 非典及禽流感的暴发为人类的环保意识敲响了警钟。
• 他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时用一条大手绢抹去
那鳄鱼的眼泪 鳄鱼的眼泪。 鳄鱼的眼泪 • 2) The Senate Foreign Relations Committee today extended the olive branch to the Clinton Government by pleading for cooperation in developing foreign policy.
routine of life. • 首先，圣诞节使你摆脱日常生活的轨道。 • They give us a reason to forget routine, to celebrate, and to make memories.
• 节日使我们有理由忘掉日常的惯例，去庆祝、去
做值得回忆的事情。 • The spirit of the Thanksgiving holiday promotes life, friendship, closeness and family unity.
• 3） Features of Literal translation
• First of all, it is quite important for a translator to be
faithful to the original ideological content. A literal translator makes great efforts to transplant the original word order, sentence structure, etc, in the TL. Secondly, it is important for translators to be faithful to the SL form of the original work; It is of less importance for translators to maintain a smooth TL form; 赵景琛：rather to be smooth (in language) than faithful (in thought).宁其顺而不信 鲁迅： rather to be faithful (in thought) than smooth (in language).宁其信而不顺
• 每课一句： • You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is
an ocean, if a few drops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty. (Mahatma. Gandhi)
• • The spirit of the Thanksgiving holiday
promotes life, friendship, closeness and family unity.
• 例证分析 • First of all, Christmas takes you out of the ordinary
和差异，翻译时有时用直译，有时用意译。 • 直译(Literal translation)指不仅忠实于原文内容,而且 忠实于原文形式的翻译方法. • 直译把忠于原文内容放在第一位，把忠于原文形式 放在第二位，要求在保持原文内容的前提下，力求 使译文与原文在选词用字、句法结构、形象比喻及 风格特征等方面尽可能趋同(无限接近)。 • 直译把通顺的译文形式放在第三位。
• 我宁愿在有朝一日会成功的事业中失败，
也不愿在有朝一日会失败的事业中成功。
一）Literal translation, free translation
• 1） Literal translation直译,异化法, foreignization • Free translation 意译, 归化法, domestication • 英、汉两种语言在结构和语义表达方面存在着雷同
• 2）The definition of literal translation
• Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and
the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translating. • Literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the original literary work, it does not mean word-for-word translation, i.e, neither a word more nor a word less. • A literal translator is asked not to alter the figures of speech, and strive to retain as much as possible the original sentence structures or patterns, such as SV, SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO,SVOC,SVOA.
• 4.2．含义广为流传，读者较为熟悉的短语、习语等 ．含义广为流传，读者较为熟悉的短语、习语等,
直译可以丰富译语语言。 直译可以丰富译语语言。例如： • 1) He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief.
• 汉译英: 感：sense • 责任感，安全感，自卑感，优越感， • A sense of responsibility , A sense of safety, • • • •
A sense of inferiority, A sense of superiority, 节奏感，正义感，羞耻感，幽默感， A sense of rhythm, A sense of justice, A sense of shame, A sense of humor, 无助感，方向感，紧迫感， A sense of hopelessness, A sense of direction, A sense of urgency,
• • • •
• 注意 • 1) A qualified translation must be not only
faithful in thought but smooth in language, which is a basic demand of a translator. • 2) Literal translation does not mean word-forword translation, and it is impossible for one to translate every sentence or a whole text word-forword. • 3) Some readers mistake dead translation for literal translation, it’s a great confusion.
• 例证分析 • First of all, Christmas takes you out of the
ordinary routine of life.
• • They give us a reason to forget routine, to
celebrate, and to make memories.
• • • • • • •
吃美食, eat delicious food Taste the Chinese delicacies. 玩通宵游戏, play computer games all night 猜灯谜, guess riddles on lanterns Letter puzzles，填字谜游戏 纸老虎paper tiger The heart is seen in wine. 酒后吐真言。
vt. make people afraid that something unpleasant or dangerous might happen 使惊恐，使担心
没有什么可大惊小怪的。 There is nothing to get alarmed about. I don’t want to alarm you, but there is a strange man sitting in your garden.
• 参议院外交委员会今天向克林顿政府伸出了橄榄枝 橄榄枝， 橄榄枝
要求在发展外交政策上合作。
• 3) In the court action, Alain sprang his trump card • • • • •
• 你绝对不能对人性失去信赖，人性是大海，
即使这个大海里游几滴脏水，它依然是洁净 的。
• Woodrow.Wilson • I’d rather lose in a cause that will win one day
than win in a cause that will lose someday.
我并不想惊扰你，不过你的花园里坐着个 陌生人。
• 4）When should we depend on 直译法 ? • 4.1) Common civilization core, 某些习语和短语 • • • • • • •
的翻译 ,例如： cold war 冷战，cold peace hot line 热线，call-in program hot girls in cool suit, spicy girl. 辣妹 Hot-selling books, black market 黑市，gray market/mare pillar industry 支柱产业 Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水
• • • • • • •
汉译英: 与家人团聚一堂 看中央电视台春节晚会 睡懒觉. 吃美食 玩通宵游戏 猜灯谜
• 汉译英: • 与家人团聚一堂, get together with family • • • •
members, have a family reunion 看中央电视台春节晚会, watch the CCTV celebration party on the Spring Festival eve. watch the Chinese New Year’s program on CCTV, 过年看重播 睡懒觉, sleep late in the morning. Stay up in the morning
• 感恩节的宗旨就是提升生活，增进友谊、加强ning of danger 警报
The air-raid alarm could be easily heard across the city of Wuhan on the 22nd of Oct. 10月22日空袭警报在全武汉市都能听到。 10 22 sounds an alarm The outbreak of SARS and bird flu ________________ to human being’s consciousness of environmental protection. 非典及禽流感的暴发为人类的环保意识敲响了警钟。
• 他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时用一条大手绢抹去
那鳄鱼的眼泪 鳄鱼的眼泪。 鳄鱼的眼泪 • 2) The Senate Foreign Relations Committee today extended the olive branch to the Clinton Government by pleading for cooperation in developing foreign policy.
routine of life. • 首先，圣诞节使你摆脱日常生活的轨道。 • They give us a reason to forget routine, to celebrate, and to make memories.
• 节日使我们有理由忘掉日常的惯例，去庆祝、去
做值得回忆的事情。 • The spirit of the Thanksgiving holiday promotes life, friendship, closeness and family unity.
• 3） Features of Literal translation
• First of all, it is quite important for a translator to be
faithful to the original ideological content. A literal translator makes great efforts to transplant the original word order, sentence structure, etc, in the TL. Secondly, it is important for translators to be faithful to the SL form of the original work; It is of less importance for translators to maintain a smooth TL form; 赵景琛：rather to be smooth (in language) than faithful (in thought).宁其顺而不信 鲁迅： rather to be faithful (in thought) than smooth (in language).宁其信而不顺