材料科学与工程专业英语

一

交叉学科interdiscipline 介电常数dielectric constant 固体性质solid materials

热容heat capacity 力学性质mechanical property 电磁辐射electro-magnetic radiation

材料加工processing of materials 弹性模量（模数）elastic coefficient

直到最近，科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。

It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationships between the structural elements of materials and their properties.

材料工程学主要解决材料的制造问题与材料的应用问题。

Materials engineering is mainly used to solve the processing problems and application problems.

材料的加工过程不但决定了材料的结构，同时决定了材料的特征和性能。

The material’ produce processing was not only stated its structures, but also its properties and performance.

材料的力学性能与其所受外力或负荷而导致的变形有关。

Material mechanical properties relative with its deformation coming from outside force and load.

二

先进材料advanced material 陶瓷材料ceramic material 粘土矿物clay minerals

高性能材料high performance material 合金metal alloys 移植implant to

玻璃纤维glass fiber碳纳米管carbon nanotube

金属元素有许多游离电子，金属材料的许多性质可直接归功于这些电子。

Metallic materials have large numbers of nonlocalized electrons, many properties of metals are directly attributable to these electrons.

许多聚合物材料是有机化合物，并具有大的分子结构。

Many of polymers are organic compounds, they have large molecular structures.

半导体材料的电性能特征介于导体材料（如金属、金属合金）与绝缘体（陶瓷材料和聚合体材料）之间。

Semiconductors have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors (viz. metals and metal alloys) and insulations (viz. ceramic and polymers).

生物材料不能产生毒性，并且必须与人体组织互相兼容。

Biomaterials must not produce toxic substances and must be compatible with body tissues.

三

微观结构microstructure宏观结构macrostructure 化学反应chemical reaction 原子量atomic 电荷平衡balanced electrical charge带正电子的原子核positively charge nucleus

从我们呼吸的空气到各种各样性质迥异的金属，成千上完中物质均是由100多种院子组成的。These same 100 atoms form thousands of different substances ranging from the air we breathe to the metal used to support tall buildings.

事实证明金属原子是通过很强的键结合在一起的。

The strength of metals suggests that these atoms are held together by strong bonds.

微观结构是指能够通过显微镜观察到的而不是用肉眼直接观察到的结构，宏观是指可以直接用肉眼观察到的结构。

Microstructure, which includes features that cannot be seen with the naked eye, but using a microscope. Macrostructure includes features that can be seen with the naked eye.

原子核中质子和中子的量的综合就是原子量。

The atomic weight of an atom indicates how many protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

五

实验样品test specimen静负荷static loading 作用力applied force垂直轴normal axis工程应变engineering strain 临界应力critical stress屈服强度yield strength应力面积stress area 应力-应变曲线stress-strain curve

通常，温度低于室温时，金属合金的强度性质降低，而延展性、破碎韧度和拉伸性能增强。Temperature below room temperature generally cause an increase in strength properties of metallic alloys, while ductility, fracture toughness , and elongation usually decrease.

从材料的角度来说，应力是一种在材料内部所分布的力，它可以平衡所施加的负荷并与其发