过去进行时

过去进行时

一、过去进行时的定义

过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。如：

I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time. 那时，我正在跟李华谈话。

I was watching TV at home last night. 昨晚我一直在看电视。

二、如何理解过去进行时：

进行时就是表示在过去某时正在进行的动作或发生的情况。如汉语说“我进来时他正在吃饭”，如果“进来”发生在过去，那么“正在吃饭”显然就是过去某时正在进行的动作——也就是说，“进来”用一般过去时，“正在吃饭”就要用过去进行时。

三、过去进行的构成

过去进行时由“was / were + 现在分词”构成。如：

Someone is knocking the door. 有人在敲门。

Steam was rising from the coffee. 咖啡冒着热气。

Clouds were flying across the sky. 云彩飘过天空。

注意有些was (were) doing sth不是现在进行时，而是系表结构，其中的doing sth是动名词，不是现在分词。如：

Her job was washing clothes. 她的工作是洗衣裳。

Her hobby was growing roses. 她的爱好是种植玫瑰。

Her suggestion was having our conversation in French. 她的建议是我们用法语交谈。

四、过去进行时的主要用法

1.表示在过去某一点时间或某一段时正在进行的动作。如：

I was having a bath when the phone rang. 我正在洗澡，突然电话铃响了。

She was writing letters. I didn’t want to disturb her.她在写信。我不想打扰她。

2.表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况，这种情况通常不会长期如此。如：

It happened while I was living in Eastboume last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在伊斯特本的时候。

3.表示为过去的将来安排好的活动和事件。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。如：

He said that his sister was getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。

用arrive, come, go, leave等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排，也通常有含有将来意义。如：

Four of them were coming for Sunday lunch. 他们有四个人将在星期天来吃午饭。

Her daughter was going to a summer camp the following day. 她的女儿将在第二天去参加夏令营。

4.动词hope, wonder 等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。如：

I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知您能不能让我搭一下车。

I was thinking it might be a good idea to keep the window open. 我看还是把窗户开着的好。

注：一般过去时也有类似用法，相比之处，一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的，而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。

5.过去进行时有时可以与always, constantly, continually, forever, perpetually, repeatedly等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用，强调动作的不断重复的。如：

She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。

He was constantly changing his mind. 他老是改变主意。

She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。

注：现在进行时也有类似用法，但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作，而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。

五、动词be的过去进行时

动词be 的过去进行时也表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。比较：

He was friendly. 他很友好。(指过去长期如此)

He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现)

六、过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较

两者的基本差别是过去进行时通常表示一个过去正在进行且尚未完成的动作，而一般过去时则通常表示一个过去已经完成的动作：

I was reading a book last night. 我昨晚在看书。(不一定看完)

I read a book last night. 我昨晚看了一本书。(已经看完)

They were building a bridge there. 他们在那里修一座桥。(不一定建成)

They built a bridge there. 他们在那儿修了一座桥。(已建成)

注：有些动词(如rain, snow, cough, wear, feel, work等)本身并不表示动作完成，这时用两种时态都可以，且含义区别不大：

It rained [was raining] all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。

She didn’t feel [wasn’t feeling] well that day.那天她感到不太舒服。

七、过去进行时典型考题（附详解）

1. The reporter said that the UFO ______ east to west when he saw it.

A. was traveling

B. traveled

C. had been traveling

D. was to travel

2.－Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.

－Where was I?

－You ______ you didn't like your father's job.

分析：答案为C。此处指“我”的话在被打断前正在谈论的情况。表示过去某一特定的时刻在进行的动作用过去进行时态。

3.—What were you doing when Tony phoned you?

—I had just finished my work and to take a shower.

A. had started

B. started

C. have started

D. was starting

我刚好做完工作，准备去冲凉。

4.—Has Sam finished his homework today?

—I have no idea. He ______it this morning.

A. did

B. has done

C. was doing

D. had done

分析：答案为C。由上文可知，下文的大意是：“我不知道Sam现在是否已经做完了作业，(但是我知道)他今天早上在做作业”，所以用过去进行时态。

5.—You were out when I dropped in at your house.

—Oh, I ______for a friend from England at the airport.

A. was waiting

B. had waited

C. am waiting

D. has waited

分析：答案为A。句意是：(你来我家时) 我正在机场等候一位从England来的朋友。表示在过去某一时刻或在过去某一段时间内正在发生的事，用过去进行时，所以选A。

6.— Where did you put the car keys?

— Oh, I ______ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I ______ in.