初中双宾语讲解和练习之欧阳光明创编
英语双宾语之欧阳光明创编
英语双宾语欧阳光明（2021.03.07）摘要：本文对英语双宾语及物动词的分类、特点进行了一些探析。
这类动词可分为四类：间接/直接宾语动词、双直接宾语动词、两个宾语中必须有一个带介词的双宾语动词和间接宾语必须带介词的双宾语动词。
它们都各有其特点。
主题词：英语，双宾语动词，特点英语中可以接两个不是并列关系、不是同位关系、也不是逻辑主谓关系的名词短语做宾语的动词叫双宾语及物动词，简称为“双宾动词”。
两个宾语中一个是表示接受句中主语“给予”（等）的东西的人或被拟人的物的名词短语，简称为“间接宾语”。
另一个宾语是表示句中主语给出的或“罚没”（等）的东西的名词短语，大多数就称为“直接宾语”。
本文拟对双宾动词的分类和特点进行一些探析。
我们可以把双宾动词分为四类：直接宾语、间接宾语双宾动词、双直接宾语动词、两个宾语中必须有一个带上介词的双宾动词和间接宾语必须带介词的双宾动词。
一、直间双宾动词直间双宾动词以give（给予/与）为代表，紧接在其后的宾语是间接宾语，间接宾语后面的是直接宾语。
例如：He gave the girl a doll.主语谓语动词间接宾语直接宾语这种动词的第一个特点是：它们当中绝大多数的间接宾语可以去掉，而直接宾语则不能。
如果间接宾语被去掉，留下的宾语与动词组成的动宾结构仍然保留着在原来的句子中的意思。
如：Mummy made me a new dress yesterday.(妈妈昨天给我做了一套新衣服。
) → Mummy made a new dress yesterday. (妈妈昨天做了一套新衣服。
)但是如果直接宾语被去掉，留下的宾语与动词组成的动宾结构，有的无意义，如：Mummy made me a new dress yesterda y. → Mummy made me yesterday.有的虽然有意义，但其意思与原句里的不大一样。
如：He bought the girl a doll yesterday.（他昨天给那个女孩买了个玩具娃娃。
初中双宾语讲解和练习之欧阳术创编
双宾动词主攻语法：后面带直接宾语和间接宾语（即双宾语）的动词用法语法秘籍：1.直接宾语就是被动词直接作用的物（sth.），间接宾语通常是指人（sb.）。
间宾如果使用代词，必须是宾格形式。
2. 它们跟在动词后面有两种顺序人前物后，人+物即：V + sb. sth.物前人后，物to 人即: V + sth. to sb.3.这样的动词有：give(给)bring(带来)take(拿), lend(借给) pay(支付), pass(传递), read(读), tell(告诉), send(送；发送), show(给看), teach(教),hand(递给)等。
如：Let me tellyoua story. = Let me tella storyto you. 我给你讲个故事吧。
Please handmethe cup. = Please handthe cupto me.请把那个杯子递给我。
专项练习一、模仿例句改写以下例句。
（关键一定要找准，找全sth.和sb.）1.Send George that letter.___________________________________________________2.Take her those flowers.____________________________________________________ 3.Show me that picture._____________________________________________________ 4.Give Mrs. Jones these books._____________________________________________________ 5.Give the children these ice creams._____________________________________________________二、改写以下句子，改变划线部分在句中的位置。
怎样学习古代汉语词汇之欧阳光明创编
怎样学习古代汉语词汇欧阳光明（2021.03.07）古汉语词汇是古汉语词的总和。
词是造句时能够自由运用的最小单位。
人们在交往中，遣词造句，既反映着外部世界，也表现着主观世界。
外部世界的变化，引起主观世界的变化，这些变化必然在语言中表现出来。
“语言的词汇对于各种变化是最敏感的，它几乎处在经常变化中”，所以古今汉语在词汇上的差别极大，是学习的难点，历来为人们所重视。
古汉语词汇的学习应从两方面入手。
即整体驾驭与具体掌握。
一、整体驾驭整体驾驭古汉语词汇，就是首先要抓住古汉语词汇的特点，这对具体掌握词义有指导作用，可以使词汇的学习扎实、深入，避免初学古汉语时经常出现的以今套古的毛病。
古汉语词汇特点可以从形、音、义三方面认识。
特别值得注意的是单音节词占优势和一形多词、一词多形的情况。
前者是古今汉语词汇的主要差异之一，后者表现了古汉语词汇形义关系的复杂性。
（一）单音节词占优势是古汉语词汇的主要特点之一，也是古今汉语词汇在词形上的主要差异。
许多词，在现代汉语中是一个词，在古代汉语中却是两个词。
例如：①民可以乐成，不可与虑始。
（《西门豹治邺》）②滕君，则诚贤君也。
虽然，未闻道也。
（《许行》）③东方未明，颠倒衣裳。
（《诗经•东方未明》）④地方百里而可以王。
（《孟子•梁惠王上》）⑤（吴普）年九十余，耳目聪明，齿牙完坚。
（《华佗传》）⑥先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中。
（诸葛亮《出师表》）⑦两家子弟材智下，不能通知二父志。
（《张中丞传后叙》）⑧（张）巡就戮时，颜色不乱，阳阳如平常。
（同⑦）上述例句中例①的“可以”是能愿动词“可”与表对象的介词“以”（和第二分句的“与”相同），整句的意思是“老百姓可以与他们一起为成功而快乐，不能和他们一起考虑事业的创始。
”例②的“虽”相当于现代的“虽然”，“然”是指示代词“这样”，整句的意思是“滕君倒确实是贤明的君主，即使如此，也没有听说过道。
”例③的“衣”指“上衣”，“裳”指“下衣”，即裙子。
宾语从句的口诀之欧阳光明创编
宾语从句的口诀：欧阳光明（2021.03.07）学习宾从要注意，时态语序和连词。
时态主从要呼应：主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意。
主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去。
宾从所示表真理，时态不变不怀疑。
语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。
That连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。
从句若表“是否”时，if/whether 要牢记。
特殊问句做宾语，仍用原来疑问词。
三个问题要记牢，切莫丢东又往西。
Unit 6 Topic 1去春/郊游go on a spring trip= go on a field trip去什么地方参观/旅游 go on a visit to sw.泰山两日游go on a two-day visit to MountTai做决定 make the decision决定 decide on/upon sth.到达那的最好方式The best way to get there .到达那的最佳时间The best time to get there .找出，查明 find out一些信息 some information乘……的费用the cost to go by …=the cost by…我想做…… I’d love to do…问航空公司 ask the airline打电话on the phone带回---到--- bring back…to…北京火车站 Beijing Railway Station我想做…… I’d like to do …I would like to do=I’d love to do…订票book tickets为某人/某物订房间book a room for sb./sth.硬卧 the hard sleeper软卧 the soft sleeper预定 make a reservation20张硬卧票 20 tickets for the hard sleeper = 20 hard sleeper train tickets双人间 a room with two single beds单人间 a room with a single bed一间标准房 a standard room算出 work out总价格 total cost / price筹款 raise money想出，产生，赶上 come up with筹钱的途径 the ways to raise money想出（主意），找到答案 come up with在中午 at noon在校门口 at the school gate许多名胜古many interesting places=many places of interest立刻，马上 right now=at once期望做某事 look forward to (doing) sthTopic 2收到某人的来信 hear fromat the foot of--- 在---脚下have a rest 休息plan to do sth. 计划做某事look at 看一看，瞧look at the night scene 看夜景have a wonderful / good/ nice/ great / time = enjoy oneself= have fun 玩得高兴get to =arrive in / at = reach 到达last week 上星期the sea of clouds 云海in the daytime = in the day 在白天have a big dinner 吃大餐a local restaurant 一家当地的餐馆places of interest 名胜古迹收到某人的来信receive one’s letter = hear from sb.忙于做某事 be busy doing sth.进行be on 我在度假I am on vacation.的确，当然 You bet.=Yes , of course.在40分之后 forty minutes laterafter, in, later 在...之后①in + 一段时间（用于一般将来时）②after + 一段时间（用于一般过去时）③after + 一点时间（常用于一般将来时）④时间 + later期望做某事 look forward to (doing) sth.at the foot of--- 在---脚下spread over 蔓延，拖延40 km2=40 square kilometersthe beginning of ……的开端on both sides of 在……的两边in the old days 在过去，在古代start do sth. =begin to do sth 开始做某事make sure 确信by the way 顺便问一下two and a half hours 两个半小时tell sth. from sth. 辨别…. the peace of country 祥和high prestige 崇高威望to the east of …在…的….面(指……范围外)in the east of在….的….部(指……范围内)on the east of 在…的东面(指……接壤) two and a half hours 两个半小时arrive at /in = get to =reach 到达the parking lot 停车场look for 寻找look for space to park bikes寻找停车的空地be surprised at 对……感到惊奇take out 拿出take pictures/ phones照相in different directions 以不同方向step on 踏，踩rush out of 冲出out of sight 看不见，在视野之外so …that+句子如此……以致……（引导结果状语从句）so that 以便，为了（引导目的状语从句）not…until…直到……才……（引导时间状语从句）each other 互相as soon as一…….就……（引导时间状语从句）be famous for 以……著名can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事write to sb.写信给某人be satisfied with 对……感到满意e-mail sb. 发邮件给某人pay attention to 注意get off 下（车，马等）get on 上（车，马等）stand for 象征the peace of the country 祥和have lunch / breakfast / supper吃午饭/早饭/晚饭shout at 对……喊have fun doing sth. 高兴做某事look for 寻找here and there 到处ask sb. for help 寻求某人的帮助Thank goodness! 谢天谢地at last= finally = in the end 最后Topic3a traffic accident 一次交通事故an accident 一次事故be hurt 受伤That’s terrible. 太可怕了after a while 过一会儿get used to (doing) sth.习惯于（做）某事a little more confident 更舒适一点obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则avoid sth./ doing sth. 避免（做）某事spit everywhere 到处吐痰be popular with 受某人喜爱a sharp turn 一个急转弯 a sharp turn to the left 一个向左的急转弯slow down 减速run into = knock at /on 撞到，碰到call the 122 hotline 拨打122急救电话send sb. to sw. 送某人到某地Accident Report Form 事故报告单in fact 实际上, 事实上break the traffic rules违反交通规则get a fine 受到处罚a crossing / turning 一个十字路口warn sb. to do sth. 警告 / 提醒某人做某事traffic lights 交通灯turn left / right / back 向左/ 右 / 后转No left turn 禁止左转on the left 在左边keep fit 保持健康many people around the world全世界许多人 around= all overuse sth. for doing sth. 用……做某事hundreds of millions of people 数亿的人What’s more. 而且be in danger 危险cause trouble 带来麻烦make sb. mad 使某人悲伤be famous for 以……而著名be born 出生于one of the top cyclists一流的自行车选手之一the way to success 成功的道路later that year 在那一年的后期that year later 那一年以后stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停止去做某事have cancer 患了癌症in one’s life 一生中face sth. head-on 迎头面对go on doing sth. 继续做某事ride into 进入，跻身于win sth. (the game/ match/ war)嬴得比赛/ 战争beat sb. 嬴某人, 打败某人21 timed stages 21个计时赛段go through 穿过total time 总时间get a ticket 得到一张票the World Championship世界杯Review 3keep one’s mind on sth. 安心做某事rainy days 大雨天heavy traffic 拥挤的交通loud noise 吵闹的噪音cross =walk across=go across 穿过look out 当心leave for 离开……前往wake up 醒来talk to=talk with与某人谈话at least 至少deal with 处理make sure 确信by the way 顺便问一下two and a half hours 两个半小时tell sth. from sth. 辨别…. the peace of country 祥和high prestige 崇高威望to the east of …在…的….面(指……范围外)in the east of在….的….部(指……范围内)on the east of 在…的东面(指……接壤) two and a half hours 两个半小时arrive at /in = get to =reach 到达the parking lot 停车场look for 寻找look for space to park bikes寻找停车的空地be surprised at 对……感到惊奇take out 拿出take pictures/ phones照相in different directions 以不同方向step on 踏，踩rush out of 冲出out of sight 看不见，在视野之外so …that+句子如此……以致……（引导结果状语从句）so that 以便，为了（引导目的状语从句）not…until…直到……才……（引导时间状语从句）each other 互相as soon as一…….就……（引导时间状语从句）be famous for 以……著名can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事write to sb.写信给某人be satisfied with 对……感到满意e-mail sb. 发邮件给某人pay attention to 注意get off 下（车，马等）get on 上（车，马等）stand for 象征the peace of the country 祥和have lunch / breakfast / supper吃午饭/早饭/晚饭shout at 对……喊have fun doing sth. 高兴做某事look for 寻找here and there 到处ask sb. for help 寻求某人的帮助Thank goodness! 谢天谢地at last= finally = in the end 最后Topic3a traffic accident 一次交通事故an accident 一次事故be hurt 受伤That’s terrible. 太可怕了after a while 过一会儿get used to (doing) sth.习惯于（做）某事a little more confident 更舒适一点obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则avoid sth./ doing sth. 避免（做）某事spit everywhere 到处吐痰be popular with 受某人喜爱a sharp turn 一个急转弯 a sharp turn to the left 一个向左的急转弯slow down 减速run into = knock at /on 撞到，碰到call the 122 hotline 拨打122急救电话send sb. to sw. 送某人到某地Accident Report Form 事故报告单in fact 实际上, 事实上break the traffic rules违反交通规则get a fine 受到处罚a crossing / turning 一个十字路口warn sb. to do sth. 警告 / 提醒某人做某事traffic lights 交通灯turn left / right / back 向左/ 右 / 后转No left turn 禁止左转on the left 在左边keep fit 保持健康many people around the world全世界许多人 around= all overuse sth. for doing sth. 用……做某事hundreds of millions of people 数亿的人What’s more. 而且be in danger 危险cause trouble 带来麻烦make sb. mad 使某人悲伤be famous for 以……而著名be born 出生于one of the top cyclists一流的自行车选手之一the way to success 成功的道路later that year 在那一年的后期that year later 那一年以后stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停止去做某事have cancer 患了癌症in one’s life 一生中face sth. head-on 迎头面对go on doing sth. 继续做某事ride into 进入，跻身于win sth. (the game/ match/ war)嬴得比赛/ 战争beat sb. 嬴某人, 打败某人21 timed stages 21个计时赛段go through 穿过total time 总时间get a ticket 得到一张票the World Championship世界杯Review 3keep one’s mind on sth. 安心做某事rainy days 大雨天heavy traffic 拥挤的交通loud noise 吵闹的噪音cross =walk across=go across 穿过look out 当心leave for 离开……前往wake up 醒来talk to=talk with与某人谈话at least 至少deal with 处理Unit 5 Topic 1How are you doing?=How are you?你好吗？want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事say thanks/hello/goodbye to sb.对……说谢谢/你好/再见look happy /tired看起来很开心/累smiling faces 满脸笑容one of my favorite 我最喜爱的……之一be /feel disappointed /proud/ lonely感到失望/自豪/孤独a ticket to...一张…的票wish to do sth.希望做某事set a table for...为……摆放餐具have a temperature=have a fever 发烧be able to do sth. 能做某事sound worried 听起来焦急ring up 打电话care for= look after=take care of 照顾become angry =be angry生气cheer up 使……振作/高兴起来at first 起初play the role of 扮演……角色be on 上演，放映be with 在一起on the night of 在……的夜晚fall into 落入in the end=at last 最后go mad 发疯come into being 形成，诞生be full of 充满……be popular with 受……喜爱make peace 制造和平end with 以…….结束begin with以……开始Topic 2do badly/well in 在……方面差/好have a talk with sb. = talk with sb.与某人谈话be worried about 为……担忧.be strict with sb.…对某人严格要求 be strict about sth.…对某事严格要求be patient with对……耐心explain …to 向……解释over and over again 反复地，一再be pleased with/ about / at sb.对某人感到满意be bored with 对……感到讨厌be tired of 对……感到疲惫be mad at对……感到气愤be glad about对……感到高兴be angry with sb. 因某人而生气be angry at / about sth. 因某事而生气be anxious about / at sth.对某事感到焦急wait in line “排队等候”= wait in a queuepass the exam 通过考试get/ask/tell sb. to do sth使(让，叫)某人做某事;let/ make/ have sb. do sth.使(让，叫)某人做某事because of (doing) sth因为at one’s age 在某人的年龄时eat less high-energy food 少吃高能量的品calm down 冷静，镇静have bad experiences 有不好的经历in one’s teens 在某人十几岁时happen to sb 发生在某人身上It is said...据说give sb a hand 帮助某人=do sb.a favorget/be used to (doing)sth 习惯于做某事be/make friends with 与……交朋友join in 参加（活动）=take part infit in 被他人接受，相处融洽give best wishes to sb.向某人致以最美好的祝愿deal with处理，处置all the time 一直fail to pass an exam=fail an exam考试不及格refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事argue with sb与某人争吵stop doing sth停止做某事stop to do sth停下来去做某事have a normal life过正常的生活Topic3sound terrible 听起来可怕let/ make/ have sb. do sth.使(让，叫)某人做某事be sorry about 对……感到难过过你的病be afraid of (doing) sth / be afraid to do sth./ be afraid that……害怕……担心……understand.你要是不懂，尽管来问I’m afraid……恐怕……很遗憾……get well 康复be worried about 为……担忧.at the end of在……最后，在……尽头（末端）the month.我很担心月底的考试make sb./sth. +形容词/ 名词“使…….”Take it easy.= Don’t worry.别紧张，别着急take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事help sb.with sth.帮助某人复习/学习…learn by oneself =teach oneself 自学What/How about (doing) sth.…怎么样let sb.do sth.让某人做某事instead of (doing)sth.=in place of代替(做)某事take good care of yourself 好好照顾你自己hope to do sth. 希望做某事come back to返回……advise sb.to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advice 是不可数名词a piece of advice 一个建议be happy for…因……而开心be bad/ good for对…有害\益(be) in a good/bad mood处在好/ 糟糕心情中in good health 健康状况良好try to do sth. 设法做某事smile at life 笑对生活give a surprise to sb. =give sb. a surprise给某人一个惊喜put on 上演，放映put on a short play上演一出短剧at the English corner 英语角prepare for 为…准备calm down 镇静on the way to+ 名词；on the way+副词在……路上On the /his way to school. 在他上学的路上take part in参加（活动）give a speech=give speeches 做演讲in front of 在……前面make sb. happy 使某人开心make sb. feel sad使某人感到悲伤on Mid-autumn Festival 在中秋节the full moon 满月in the sky 在天空get together with sb. 与某人聚在一起feel lonely感到寂寞/孤独be full of 装满，充满fill…with…用把装满，be filled with….被装满change one’s feelings 改变某人的感受fall asleep 入睡some day 总有一天affect one’s moods 影响某人情绪have unhappy thoughts 产生不开心的恋头try out 试用，试验 try on 试穿be in a good mood 处在一个好心情中take care of sb.=look after照顾某人do in good spirits处在良好的精神状态中做某事take time to do sth 花时间做某事remember to do sth 记住去做某事 remember doing sth.记住做过某事talk with sb. 与某人谈话tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事get help from 从某人那得到帮助make important decisions制定重要的决定think over仔细考虑get back to sth. 恢复到……watch TV看电视be late for (doing) sth. 做……迟了get along / on (good)with 与……相处(好)had better do sth.最好做……had better not do sth. 最好不做……decide to do sth. 决定做某事Unit 8 Topic 1look great 看起来真棒buy sth for sb.=buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物so+句子“所以……”引导结果状语从句so+形 / 副+that+句子such+名词+that+句子。
初二上学期英语词组之欧阳光明创编
Unit1主管；掌管欧阳光明（2021.03.07）take charge ofvote for 投票赞成take notes 记录be responsible for 负责；有责任talk …over 详谈make a list of…把……裂成清单be free for（someone）对（某人）免费pay for …付费make a decision about…对……做出决定in one week’s time一周后a copy of 一份for free 免费from the air 从空中have the habit of 有……的习惯try one’s best尽力try to（do something）尽力（做某事）believe in oneself 相信自己once a week 每周一次be pleased with…对……满意keep fit 保持健康have a high fever 发高烧at break 课间休息时not at all 完全不；一点也不get on well 相处得好for this reason 因为这样unit2the same as…as…和……同样的……no longer 不再break into 强行闯入go to jail 进监狱instead of 代替……；而不是……behind bars 坐牢by underground 坐地铁at the front 在……前部go in 进入室内rufuse to (do something) 拒绝（做某事）bump into sb./sth 碰撞到某人/某物take away 带走；拿走get away 逃离；脱身at the time of…在……期间say goodnight to sb 向（某人）道晚安*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07knock at 敲；击break…down打到（或砸破）from a distance 从远方；从远处in addition to 除……以外（还）kill oneself 自杀lose money 输钱；亏损be angry wish sb. 生（某人）的气；冲某人发脾气Unit3be unaware of 没意识到；不知道be dependent on 依靠；依赖more importantly 更重要的是for the time being 暂时；眼下have great understanding of 对……有很深的了解make mistakes 犯错link…together 把……连接起来unit4rush down 急促冲下on wheels 下面装着轮子的make jokes about (someone) 开（某人）的玩笑along with 与……同样地；除……以外（还）succeed in (doing sth.) 办到；做成with a trick 通过一个计谋be made of…用……做的pour…into…把……倒进……send (someone) to prison 把（某人）送进监狱show respect to…尊重……pray to 祈祷；祷告feel like (doing sth.) 想要（做某事）put in prison 关进监狱take care of 照顾；照料read about 读到trade in 做……买卖；做……生意unit5in no time 立刻；马上sell out 售完；卖光take pleasurein…从……中得到乐趣in the shape of…呈……的形状all one’s life 一辈子start off 首先进行；一开始是millions of 上百万的respond to 对……作出反应complain about 抱怨……；投诉……take off…拆掉……*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07right away 立刻；马上make a complaint 提出投诉beg (someone) to (do sth.) 请求（某人做某事）in return 作为回报shout at (someone) 对（某人）大声说；叫promise to (do sth.) 承诺（做某事）unit6be used to (do sth.) 用来（做……）remove…from.. 移开；拿开divide…between A and B 在A和B之间分配/分享……have the ability to (do sth.) 有能力（做某事）have a great sense of humour 有很强的幽默感tell jokes 讲笑话at holiday times 在休假期间be free from…不受……伤害laugh about.. 嘲笑……as long as 只要be rude to…对……无理/粗鲁pay taxes 缴税break down 坏掉；出故障make apologies 道歉apologize to (someone) 向（某人）道歉above/of/below average height 高于平均身高/中等身高/低于平均身高have the experience of…有……的经历an expert in………（方面）的专家apply for 申请……be available for…有空的get upset 感到难过be prepared to (do sth,) 准备（做某事）unit7a kind of…某种let…in 使……进入keep… from…使……置于……外；使……与……分开in the form of…以……的形式keep in…保留……cause something to(do something) 引起；造成throw…away 把……扔掉mountains of…大量的……in order to do something 目的是；为了answer to ……的答案give up 放弃；认输get back to…回到……上go back to…回到/返回到……上*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07pay a fine of…付……罚款go to prison 坐牢warm someone up 使某人活跃起来know of…知道……；熟悉……write ahout…写作inform someone about/of sth. 通知；知会put out 熄灭；扑灭take a holiday 度假*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07。
常见的修辞手法及其作用专项训练之欧阳与创编
第31讲：常见的修辞手法及其作用专项训练东方双语实验学校李秀红张泉权一、复习要点1、正确辨识和运用比喻、比拟、夸张、排比、对偶、反复、设问、反问、借代等常见的修辞手法，理解它们在具体语境中的表达作用；2、能依据要求选用、仿用、变换句式；3、语言表达能做到简明、连贯、得体；4、理解并掌握常见的修辞方法的表达作用。
二、考点分析①有对修辞手法的辨识选择题，包括一种或多种方法的辨识。
解答时，要求考生能透彻了解八种修辞手法各自特点，尤其注意区别清楚容易混淆的几种修辞手法，如比喻的三种形式，设问与反问的区别，排比与反复的区别等。
②有对各种修辞作用的理解、分析、判断题。
解答时，除了抓住各种修辞的本质特征去辨析外，更重要的是结合句意进行理解，不仅要分析修辞对描述对象的表现效果，还要体会出作者珠思想、意图。
有的还要结合课文内容去把握。
③还有修辞手法的实际运用题（包括主观题和客观题）.三﹑知识储备常见的修辞手法有很多，主要有以下九种：比喻、比拟（分为拟人、拟物）、借代、夸张、对偶、排比、反复、设问、反问等。
这些修辞中，考查的最多的是比喻。
对这九种要求掌握的修辞格，首先要熟记其定义、理解其要点，并能正确辨析，熟练运用。
一般说，比喻、比拟、夸张、借代是语言类；对偶、排比、反复是结构类；反问和设问表述增强语气类。
这九类修辞手法的含义、作用和表达效果各不相同，下面做一简要归纳。
1．比喻根据事物的相似点，用某一具体、浅显、熟悉的事物或情境来说明另一种抽象、深奥、生疏的事物或情境的一种修辞方法。
作用：即打比方，帮助人容易深入理解。
用在记叙、说明、描写中，能使事物生动、形象、具体、简洁，给人以鲜明的印象；用在议论中，能使抽象道理变得具体，使深奥的道理变得浅显易懂。
比喻由三部分构成：〈1〉本体、〈2〉喻体、〈3〉比喻（比喻和拟人最大的不同在于比喻含有喻体，拟人没有。
）比喻分明喻、暗喻、借喻三种形式。
明喻的形式可简缩为:甲(本体)如(喻词:像、似、若、犹、好像、仿佛)乙(喻体)。
短语结构类型之欧阳光明创编
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07短语结构类型欧阳光明（2021.03.07）一、并列短语词和词之间没有轻重主次之分,彼此地位平等.1、类型⑴名＋名文化教育今天或明天（名词短语）⑵动＋动调查研究愿意并实行（动词短语）⑶形＋形光辉灿烂庄严肃穆（形容词短语）⑷代＋代我和他这样那样（名词短语）⑸数量＋数量四面八方千秋万代三斤五两（名词短语）2、并列短语一般前后可以互换位置.例如：工厂农村我你他但有些并列短语是不能前后颠倒位置的,因为它有一定次序.⑴时间顺序：春、夏、秋、冬⑵大小顺序：省、市、县⑶年龄顺序：老、中、青⑷逻辑顺序：继承和发展接近文学和爱好文学⑸语言习惯：男女老少金银铜铁油盐酱醋3、并列短语一般要求词性相同,但个别也有不同.例如：姐姐和我（名词＋代词）勤劳勇敢不怕苦（形＋形＋代）二、偏正短语1、前偏后正：“偏”修饰、限制“正”.⑴定＋中（名、代）,如：（祖国）大地（一朵）茶花（前进）的步伐⑵状＋中（动、形）,如：[很]好看[独立]思考[慢慢]地走2、旧语法：“的”是定语的标志；“地”是状语的标志.新语法：统一为“的”.三、动宾短语动宾之间是支配与被支配、关涉与被关涉的关系.动词＋宾语.宾语是回答动词“谁”、“什么”、“哪儿”的.例如：消灭敌人放下包袱丢下它发展生产进行斗争骗取信任恢复平静爱热闹下决心有幽默感像珍珠四、述补短语A、动+补动补短语中的补语不能回答动词“谁”、“什么”“哪儿”.例如：看清楚、去一趟、拿起来、引在脑子里、跑得快、走的急五、形补短语B、形+补以形容词为中心时它的后面只有补语,因为形容词不能带宾语.结构助词“得”是补语的标志.例如：机灵得很密得不透气漂亮极了六、主谓短语陈述与被陈述的关系.名词（代词）+动词（形容词）主语可以回答谓语“谁”、“什么”；谓语可以回答主语“怎么样”结构形式：A名+动 B名+形 C代+动 D代+形例如：觉悟提高思想解放阳光灿烂心情舒畅特殊主谓短语：名词做谓语.例如：今天星期三明天国庆节他中等身材七、复指短语两部分组成,语法地位一样,所指内容相同,意义上有复指关系,结构上是同位关系,在句中做同一成分.例如：首都北京厂长老王华罗庚教授他自己咱们学生母子二人鲁迅先生美丽这个词春秋两季封建统治阶级枣地主我们每一个人复指短语都是名词性的,中间一般不能加入虚词；加后意义有变化. 例如：我们渔民,我们的渔民.一些复制短语中间可以加入指量短语,如：我们渔民,我们这些渔民.八、方位短语由名词或动词加上方位词组成,表示处所、范围、时间.例如：井冈山上月光下他们之间（名词）吃饭以前改革中回收之间（动词）树林东边操场上（处所）六十分以下三十岁以上（范围）开会以前一年以上解放后枣（时间）九、量词短语由数词或指示代词加上量词组成.1、数量短语：一个、二斤、四里、三次、一回、三只、一碗、两包2、指量短语：这种、那种、这堆、这次、那回.十、介宾短语由介词加上后面的名词、代词或名词短语组成.介加名、介加代、介加名词短语例如：为人民（服务）对群众（说）从现在（起）关于课堂纪律问题当黎明到来的时候按规定（办理）把大门（推开）十一、“的”字短语定语用结构助词“的”名词短语,有很多可以省去后面的中心词,进而构成“的”字短语,它的性质和作用与其他名词短语相同.类型：1、名词＋的这本书是哥哥的.2、代词＋的这本书是我的.3、动词＋的现在生活水平提高了,人们吃的、穿的、用的好多了.在冰场上滑冰的是一位姑娘.4、形容词＋的红的是花、绿的是草十二、“所”字短语“所”加在动词前,组成名词性短语.例如：所有所想所需要所认识所忆所闻所作所图“所”字短语一般不独立使用.练习：1、指出下列短语的结构风俗习惯（并列）变化规律（偏正）历史悠久（主谓）整修一新（动补）交头接耳（并列）思维敏捷（主谓）废寝忘食（并列）前程远大（主谓）全神贯注（主谓）襟怀坦白（主谓）挥手之间（偏正）愚公移山（主谓）竞选州长（动宾）销售计划（偏正）色彩缤纷（主谓）交通规则（偏正）风和日丽（并列）激动不已（动补）禁止吸烟（动宾）辛勤耕耘（偏正）巍峨挺立（偏正）不断发生（偏正）气氛热烈（主谓）继往开来（并列）2、下列各组短语分别以哪组类型短语为主,其中不同的短语各是那个,属于什么类型短语.⑴祖国万岁品质优良天气晴和思想品质成绩好⑵看了两眼打扫教室洗得干净热了起来扔出去⑶十分伟大我的书包小声地说追歼敌人很热闹⑷讲解语法讲述清楚种植玉米制造火箭听故事⑸用圆珠笔（写）对于我们按照习惯必然产生被大雨（淋）⑹报纸杂志调查研究身体健康严肃认真读和写3、比较判断短语类型经济发展（主谓）历史悠久（主谓）描写景物（动宾）市场繁荣（主谓）发展经济（动宾）悠久历史（偏正）景物描写（偏正）市场的繁荣（偏正）表达见解（动宾）我的弟弟（偏正）我国文学（偏正）小说散文（并列）表达的见解（偏正）我和弟弟（并列）我国的文学（偏正）小说和散文（并列）短语按功能分类与结构分类比较1、名词短语并列：文化教育、语言文字偏正：一朵茶花、千斤重担复指：司机老王、母女二人方位：树林东边、月光下量短：一个、六本“的”字短语：学校的、买菜的“所”字短语：所有、所见2、动词短语并列：调查研究,吃、喝、玩、乐偏正：奋勇前进,一定去动宾：消灭敌人,进行斗争动补：走一趟,吃饱3、形容词短语并列：好和坏、又细又长偏正：非常漂亮、很高形补：强得多、好得很4、主谓、介宾是单独的两种短语.选出下列说法错误的一项（C）A、保卫祖国调查研究热烈祝贺保持安静（动词短语）B、风俗习惯复习题港我的志愿伟大祖国（名词短语）C、雄伟壮丽赏心悦目美丽极了我们高兴（形容词短语）D、人民强大成果辉煌大地振动房屋倒了（主谓短语）判断短语类型的窍门短语是由词和词构成的,短语可以作为句子成分；大多数短语加上一定的语调就可以成为句子.词和词构成短语,形成一定的结构关系和短语成分：1．并列短语：由两个或两个以上的名词、动词或形容词并列组成,词和词之间是平等的联合,没有轻重主次之分.例如：报纸杂志、老师和同学、雄伟壮丽、唱歌又跳舞、调查研究、光荣而艰巨2．偏正短语：由名词、动词或形容词和在它们前头起修饰限制作用的词组成.其中名词、动词或形容词是中心语,修饰句词的词语是定语,修饰动词、形容词的词语是状语.定语、状语与中心语的关系,是偏和正的关系.定语用“( )”表示,状语用“［］”表示,中心语不标符号.例如：(汉语)语法、(祖国)大地［完全］相信、［小心］翻阅、［更加］坚强、［多么］伟大3．动宾短语：由动词和它的宾语组成.宾语在动词之后,是动词的支配成分,表示动作行为的对象、结果、处所等.例如：吃晚饭、盖房子、住石洞有的动词(如“给、送、教、告诉”等)可以带两个宾语.这样的宾语叫双宾语.离动词近的叫近宾语,离动词远的叫远宾语.例如：给我笔、教你一首歌4．补充短语：由动词或形容词和补语组成.补语在动词或形容词之后,对动词或形容词起补充说明的作用.建议将动词、形容词和补语组成的短语称补充短语.这样,补充短语分为两类,一是动补短语,一是形补短语.补语用“〈〉”表示.例如：洗得〈干净〉、翻了〈一阵〉、抱〈起来〉、活跃〈在基层〉、热得〈出汗〉、大得〈多〉5．主谓短语：由主语和谓语组成.主语在前,表示陈述对象；谓语在后,表示陈述的内容.主语、谓语之间用“?”标示,“?”之前是主语,之后是谓语.例如：红旗?飘扬、天气?好一个短语一个成分或每一个成分,还可以扩展成短语.这样短语中包含短语,成为复杂的短语.扩展后的短语,能够表达比较复杂的思想感情或动作行为,例如：迷人的秋色--一派迷人的秋色--好一派迷人的秋色走进来--急忙忙走进来--神色慌张、急忙忙走进来另外,介宾短语、的字短语等也很常用.介宾短语如：从今天(开始),向我(走来),对学校的情况(很熟悉)等.的字短语如：男的(排左边),大红的(是牡丹).。
初中双宾语讲解和练习
页眉内容双宾动词主攻语法：后面带直接宾语和间接宾语（即双宾语）的动词用法语法秘籍：1直接宾语就是被动词直接作用的物（sth.），间接宾语通常是指人（sb.）。
间宾如果使用代词，必须是宾格形式。
2.它们跟在动词后面有两种顺序人前物后，人+物即：V + sb. sth物前人后，物to 人即: V + sth. to sb.3.这样的动词有：give（给）bri ng（带来）take（拿）,le nd（借给）p ay（支付）,pass 传递），read（读）,tell（告诉）,send送;发送）,show（给看）,teach（教）,hand（递给）等。
如：Let me tell you a story. = Let me tell a story to you. 我给你讲个故事吧。
Please hand met he cup. = Please hand the cup to me.请把那个杯子递给我。
专项练习、模仿例句改写以下例句。
（关键一定要找准，找全sth和sb.） 1.Send George that letter.2.Take her those flowers.3.Show me that picture.4.Give Mrs. Jones these books.5.Give the children these ice creams.、改写以下句子，改变划线部分在句中的位置。
1.Give this key to Penny, please.2.Don't give that one to him.3.Send these flowers to her.4.Don't show your homework to Sam.5.Bring these magazines to Sally.6.Hand the hammer to your father.7.Don' t send these tickets to them.8.Can you lend an English book to me?9.Pass the ball to her, please.10.Tell the truth to me.三、汉译英。
五大基本句子结构之欧阳光明创编
英语的五种基本句型训练欧阳光明（2021.03.07）以下五种基本句式是任何英语句子的基本组成部分，其他如定语、状语等均是句子的次要或附加部分。
只要掌握了这五种基本句式，当遇到较复杂的句子时，运用这些基本句式进行分析，对句子的理解也就变得容易多了。
在写作中，必须写好这些最基本的句型。
S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾补五个基本句式详细解释如下：1．S十V句式在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。
例如：I will try. She is eating.He runs quickly．他跑得快。
They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。
The gas has given out．煤气用完了。
My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。
2．S十V十P句式在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。
）Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语)She is beautiful. （形容词做表语）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。
）2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
初中英语语法填空之欧阳法创编
1I am now a good student in my class. But you don’t know 16 I started senior English in the beginning, I found it difficult and quite different 17 what we learned in junior school. 18 _ the help of my teacher, I realized the 19 (important) of English, so I was 20 (determine) to learn English well. From then on, every morning I recited English words, 21 (listen) to English tapes and did a lot of 22 (exercise). My English teacher, 23 is good at 24 (make) her class lively and interesting, is happy to see this.Now I have made such great progress in my English study that I am 25 (much) interested in learning it than before.2I went to the seaside to spend my holiday last summer holiday with my family. One day, I was swimming in the river __16__ someone shouted, “Look out. There is a shark not far away!” on hearing the shout, I was scared to __17__ (die) because I was well aware __18__ its dangerous characteristic. “Just don’t worry, Tom!” my father said to me, “but in order to avoid being harmed, let’s go back to our hotel.”We stayed in the seaside for about two weeks. Though the weather was __19__ hotter than that in my hometown, I got used to __20_ and __21__ (feel) at home. Every morning, I got up earlier than my parents and went for breakfast ahead of time. Then I went to have __22__ chat with my new friend, John, who I happened to come __23__ during my holiday. John was a native and he was familiar with the seaside well. He was a man __24_ good2021.03.09 欧阳法创编qualification. Soon we became very good friends. After we parted, we have been kept writing to each other. Now, I still often hear from him. We talked in our letter about things and persons__25__ we remembered in the seaside.3Sarah and Janet have been friends since they 36 (start) school. They do everything together: study, read, watch TV, surf the Internet, play sports and listen to music. Anyone 37 has a problem can ask the other for help. When Sarah was in the 38 (three) grade, some of the other students made fun of her 39 she was shy. Janet told the other students to stop 40 (make) fun of Sarah, and she helped Sarah overcome her shyness. In the fifth grade, Janet had 41 (difficult) in her maths class. She studied hard, 42 she just couldn’t understand the homework. Sarah helped Janet 43 her homework and 44 (patient) explained every exercise to Janet. After six months, Janet did much better and even got 45 A in the maths exam.4Rivers are one of our most important natural resources. Many of the world’s great cities are located on rivers, and almost ___16____ country has at least one river flowing through it ___17____ plays an important part in the lives of its people.Since the beginning of history, people ___18___ (use) rivers for transportation. The ___19___ (long) one in the United States is the Mississippi, and the lifeline of Egypt is the Nile. ___20___ transportation, rivers give water to drink, water for crops, and chances for fun and recreation for the people ____21___ live along their banks.___22___, large cities and industries ____23____ are located on rivers often make problems. ____24___ the cities grow in size and industries increase in number, the2021.03.09 欧阳法创编water in the rivers becomes polluted with chemicals and other materials. People are learning the ____25___ (important) of doing more to keep their rivers clean if they want to enjoy the benefits of this natural resource.5I felt upset when I 16__________ (tell) that I would have to leave the company. In order to find 17__________ new job to support the family, I read almost all the newspapers 18__________ set down almost all the telephone numbers in ads 19_________ my notebook and tried to call almost all the companies that needed new clerks. Not until 20__________ (find) a job in a small town near Townsville did I calm down. My new boss, Mr. Brown, was one of my schoolmates 21__________ I was getting along well with at school. Both of us were 22__________(excite) to see each other and we spent the whole afternoon 23__________(talk) about things and persons that we remembered at school. He asked me to give24__________ some advice on how to enlarge his present business and he was 25_________(entire) happy about my advice.6A jobless man appli ed for the position of “office boy” at a big firm.The HR manager ___31__ (interview) him, then a test: clean the floor. “You are hired,” he said, “give me your email address, ___32__ I’ll send you the application to fill.” The man replied “I don’t have a computer, ___33__ an email”.“I’m sorry,” said the HR manager, “that means you do not exist. And ___34__ doesn’t exist cannot have the job.” The man left ___35__ no hope at all. He didn’t know what to do, with only $10 in his pocket.He then decided to go to the supermarket and buy a2021.03.09 欧阳法创编10 KG tomato crate. He then sold the tomatoes in a door to door round. In less than two hours, he ___36__ (success) in doubling his capital. He repeated the operation 3 times, and returned home with $60. 5 years later, the man is one of the ___37__ (big) food retailers(零售商) in the US. He started to plan his family’s future, and decided to have a life insurance.He called ___38__ insurance broker, and chose a protection plan. When the conversation was concluded, the broker as ked him his email. The man replied: “I don’t have an email”. The broker replied ___39__ (curious), “You don’t have an email, and yet have established an empire! Do you imagine ___40__ you could have been if you had an email?The man thought for a while, an d replied: “An office boy!”7There was once a boy who had a temper. His father gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper, he ___31__ hammer a nail into the back of the fence.The first day the boy ___32__(drive)37 nails into the fence. Over the next few weeks as he learned to control his anger, the number of nails hammered ___33__ (gradual) decreased. He discovered ___34__ was easier to hold his temper than to drive nails into the fence.Finally the day came ___35__ he didn’t l ose his temper. He told his father and his father suggested that the boy now___36__ (pull) out one nail for each day so that he was able to hold his anger. The days passed and the boy told his father that all the nails were gone.The father took the boy ___37__ the hand and led him to the fence. He said, “Look at the holes in the fence. The fence will never be the same. When you say things in anger; they leave a scar (疤痕) just like the___38__ on the2021.03.09 欧阳法创编fence. It won’t matter how many times you say I am sorry, ___39__ wound is still there. A verbal wound is as bad as a physical one. Friends are very rare. They make you smile and encourage you ___40__ (success). They lend an ear, and always want to open their hearts to us.”8An old man who lived in a small street in the city of Mumbai had to put up ___31__ the nuisance (烦心事) of having boys play cricket outside his house at night.One evening when the boys were ___32__ (particular) noisy, he went out to talk to them. He explained that he was happiest ___33__ he could see or hear boys playing his favourite game, cricket. He said he would give them 25 rupees (卢比) each week to play in the street at night.The boys were thrilled. They were being paid to do something they enjoyed! At the end of the first week they ___34__ (knock) at the old man’s door and asked him to pay them, and so he did.The second week when they asked for ___35__ (pay) he said he had run out of money and sent them away with only 15 rupees. The third week the man said he had not ___36__ received his pension and gave them only 10 rupees. The boys were very ___37__ (disappoint) but there was not much they could do about ___38__. The fourth week the man said he could not afford to pay them 25 rupees ___39__ he had promised, but would give them 5 rupees each week without fail.This was too much for the boys.“You expect us to play seven days ___40__ week for a merely 5 rupees!” they yelled. “Go to blazes.” They stormed away and never played on the street again.92021.03.09 欧阳法创编Many years ago, when I worked as a volunteer at Stanford Hospital, I got to know a little girl ___31__(name) Liz who was suffering from a rare and serious disease. Her only chance of recovery appeared to be a blood transfusion （输血）___32__ her 5-year-old brother, ___33__ had miraculously survived the same disease and had developed the antibodies needed to fight the ___34__(ill).The doctor explained the situation to her little brother, and asked the boy if he would be willing to give his blood to his sister. I saw him hesitate for a moment ___35__ taking a deep breath and saying, “Yes, I’ll do it ___36__ it can save Liz.”___37__ the transfusion progressed, he lay in bed next to his sister and smiled, as we all did, ___38__(see) the color returning to her cheeks. Then ___39__ face grew pale and his smile faded. He looked up at the doctor and asked with a trembling voice, “Will I start to die right away?”Being young, the boy had___40__(understand) the doctor; he thought he was going to have to give his sister all of his blood.10For this month's young World magazine. I interviewed 19-year-old Asian pop star Candy Wang. Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her 66 (shy). Now she's not shy anymore and enjoys 67 (sing) in front crowds.I asked Candy how life was different after she became famous. She explained that there are many good things, like being able 68 (travel) and meet new people all the time. “I didn't use to be popular in school, but now I get tons of attention everywhere I go.” 69 (however), too much attention can also be a bad thing. “I always have to worry about how I appear to others, and I never2021.03.09 欧阳法创编dare to be 70 (care) about what I say or do. And I have much 71 (little) private time now because there are always guar ds around me.”What does Candy have to say to all 72 (that) young people who want to become famous? “Well,” she begins 73 (slow), “you have to be prepared to give up your normal life. You can never imagine how difficult the road to success is. Many times I 74 (think) about giving up, but I fought on. You really require a lot of talent and hard 75 (work) to succeed. Only a very small number of people make it to the top.”11Bullying (欺凌) is doing things to hurt other people. It is a serious problem at school.Miah-now a 22-year-old girl, still (61)(remember) how she was bullied in junior high school. “They kicked me, put sticks in my hair and took money from me. Even worse, I (62)____(make) to eat rubbish. I (63)never (63) ________ (forget) th ose moments. “Miah is not the only case. I saw another bullying situation when I was a student. Some students bullied a handicapped (智力低下的) girl every day—hitting, pushing, and kicking her. They just enjoyed (64)(do) it. The girl didn’t realize that peopl e (65)______ (hurt) her. She couldn’t even tell the teacher. The situation lasted for a long time.Bullying at school is getting worse, so, many people (66)(try) to start anti-bullying (反欺凌) programs. Students in many schools have already taken actions. They (67) _______(create) anti-bullying clubs. Many students have joined the clubs. They work with teachers to show students how to stop bullying. Some other programs have proved to be successful, too.In Wales, two girls came up with an idea to stop2021.03.09 欧阳法创编bullying on the school bus. They created a bus pass (乘车证) and made four rules for students: no bullying, no swearing (骂脏话), no smoking and no shouting. Whenever a student broke a rule, he would get a mark on his pass. When a student had four marks, he wouldn’t be allowed to take the bus anymore. The bus pass idea worked. It (68)(stop) bullying on the bus.In Michigan, some students tried to stop bullying with friendship. They made DVDs. They gave the DVDs to students in their school (69) ________(teach) them how to be good friends. This idea worked, too. After that, there was less bullying at their school,School programs like these (70) ________(help) bullies learn to behave properly and they can also help prevent school bullying. I think it will come to a stop if everyone does some things.12When I was a child, my parents often took me to a run-down house in a thick forest. No otherchildren ever stayed there. I didn’t even have the choice of playing with a brother or sister.I could never 42 (understand) what the attraction of the house was, even for my parents, who enjoyed nothing better than to sit in silence with a good book. The woman in the house, my father’s distant cousin, was a terrible cook.One day, when I was hanging around the garden behind the house, I noticed a wooden house. It was clearly abandoned废弃的)and 43 (hide) completely behind tall trees and huge grass.As I walked towards it, I heard a noise, like an animal moving hurriedly away. I was about to turnaway when I saw an old man 44 (stand) at the2021.03.09 欧阳法创编door. I was much scared.“Please don’t tell them you saw me,” he said. “They never use this place, and I have nowhere else to live.” “Don’t worry,” I said. “I 45 (not tell) anyone. But are you all right out here? Imean-do you have enough to eat?”The old man 46 (shake) his head and said that he hadn’t had a big meal for ages. I decided to put this right as soon as I could. The same evening, I took a small plastic bag into the dining room and, while no one was looking, I emptied some of the food into it. Later, I got out of the back door secretly and gave the food to the old man, whose name I had discovered was Taff. I had never seen anything else as lovely as the smile on Taff’s face when he 47 (eat) the food. From then on, my visits to the old house had a purpose, and I enjoyed every minute of the rest of my stay.13Space vegetables are grown from seeds (种子) that have been taken to space. When they 1 (bring) back to the earth, these seeds produce vegetables that are bigger and 2 (healthy) than normal (正常的) vegetables. But some people worry about 3 (have) space vegetables. They think that space vegetables might not be good for us and could make us 4 (get) sick because of the radiation (辐射) in space. However, people should not be afraid because space vegetables ale very healthy. Here are some facts that you should know about space vegetables.Space vegetables are grown from seeds that are 5 (care) chosen. When seeds come back from space, they are tested to make sure that they will be safe 6 (eat).Space vegetables are 7 (good) than normal2021.03.09 欧阳法创编vegetables. For example, space 8 (tomato) stay fresh for twenty days, which is one week longer than normal ones.After genetically modified (转基因) food 9 (appear) in the market, people worried that they were eating 10 (know) things. For example, if nut genes (坚果基因) are put inside potatoes, people allergic (过敏) to nuts might get sick from eating these potatoes because they do not know they are also eating nuts. Unlike genetically modified food, nobody 11 (do) anything with the genes of space vegetables until now. This 12 (mean) that no new genes have been put into them. So there is no risk of eating something unknown.14A special red bridge was found in the Lake District, Britain. The whole bridge used no glue or bolts (螺钉). It was completely made of paper!The bridge was a piece of art work. It 64 (start) to open to the public in April, 2015. The bridge was made of 22,000 pieces of paper and it 65 (be) five meters long.The bridge became a popular tourist place. The tourists wanted to test whether it would hold their weight. “The red bridge really 66 (stand) out in the wild countryside and makes you 67 (want) to touch it or even walk over it,” said a visitor.The special paper bridge was an art project by an environmental artist named Steve Messam. To build the paper bridge was not easy at all, and he spent three years 68 (develop) the bridge. He used old principles (原理) from Roman times 69 (build) it. He said the 4.5 tons of paper made the bridge much stronger than oak (橡木). Even after heavy rain, the bridge wasn’t influenced at all.The paper 70 (produce) by a paper factory.2021.03.09 欧阳法创编2021.03.09 欧阳法创编2021.03.09After the exhibition (展览), all the paper was recycled.2021.03.09 欧阳法创编2021.03.09。
初中英语全部课文之欧阳法创编
初一上册Unit 1 My name’s Gina.Language Goals: Introduce yourself；Greet people；Ask for and give telephone number1. My name is Jenny Green. My phone number is 281-9176.My friend is Gina Smith. Her phone number is 232-4672.2. I’m Dale Miller and my friend is Eric Brown. His telephone number is 357-5689.My telephone number is 358-6344.3. My name is Mary Brown. My friend is in China. Her name is Zhang Mingming. My phone number is257-8900 and her number is 929-3155.Unit 2 This is my sister. Language Goals: Introduce people; Identify peopleMy FamilyHi, I’m Jenny, Here are two nice photos of my family. My grandfather and grandmother are in the first photo. Theseare my parents, Alan and Mary. In the next picture are my brothers, Bob and Eric. These two girls are my sister Cindy and cousin Helen. Coco is in my family too。
句子结构练习及答案之欧阳光明创编
句子成分练习题欧阳光明（2021.03.07）1.指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分）① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ②There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. 2. 选出句中谓语的中心词（10分）（）① I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall（）② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer（）③ Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC.goD. bus（）④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon （）⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast （）⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework （）⑦ What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is（）⑧ We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor（）⑨ He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music（）⑩ Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whomD. book3. 找出下列句中的表语（5分）① The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim?③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.4. 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分）① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class?⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦ They made him monitor of the class.⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.5. 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分）① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me?6. 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分）① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.② He asked her to take the boy out of school.③ She found it difficult to do the work.④ They call me Lily sometimes.⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?7. 找出下列句中的定语（6分）① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.② What is your given name?③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!8. 找出下列句中的状语（8分）① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.句子成分练习题( 一 )答案1. ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do2. ① B② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C ⑥ C ⑦ D ⑧ C⑨ A⑩ A3. ①tired. ②worried ③yellow. ④interested ⑤the first4. ①homework. ②English. ③attention ④ words ⑤to go swimming⑥ he was ill. ⑦ him monitor ⑧ bridge museum ⑨ it school.⑩ who"Father Christmas"really is.5. ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语6.① to read newspapers and books② to take the boy③ difficult④ Lily⑤ get on the bus⑥ playing football7.①family ②given③third ④some ⑤downstairs ⑥of the other shoe!8.① on her face. ②Every night ③ when he was eleven. ④ too fast.⑤ With the medicine box under her arm ⑥ because she loves books. ⑦ if you’ve lost it ⑧ to see the other machine。
初中五大基本句型及习题之欧阳学文创作
英语五种基本句型列式如下：欧阳学文基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+IO +Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
这些动词常见的有：take place, happen, break out, appear, disappear, apologize, arrive, come, die, exist, fall, rise, hang(可作及物动词或不及物动词)等等。
（2）有些动词如wash, sell, burn，write, clean, draw, cook, read 等等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质。
ＳＶ（不及物动词）1. Time2. The moon3. The man4. We all5. Everybody6. I7. They8. He9.He10.They flies.rose.cooked.eat, and drink. laughed?woke.talked for half an hour. walked yesterdayis playinghave gone基本句型二Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做连系动词。
系动词分两类：be, look, feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn,go 等属另一类，表示变化。
be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。
其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand（3）形容词，名词，现在分词，过去分词，不定式，介词都可以放在某些连系动词后做表语。
初中英语代词讲解及练习之欧阳歌谷创作
代词欧阳歌谷（2021.02.01）【是什么】1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法；2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法；3 反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法；4 常见不定代词的一般用法；5. 指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；6. 相互代词的基本用法；7. 疑问代词的基本用法。
8. 关系代词的基本用法。
【知识点】代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。
按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。
一. 人称代词1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。
2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。
通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。
如：I like table tennis. （作主语）Do you know him?（作宾语）3.人称代词还可作表语。
作表语时用宾格。
如：---Whos is knocking at the door?---It’sme.4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。
如：He is older than me.He is older than I am.二. 物主代词1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。
物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。
2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。
例如：Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box.3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）--- Is this English-bookyours? （作表语）--- No. Mine is in my bag. I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语）三. 指示代词指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。
初中双宾语讲解和练习.doc
双宾动词主攻语法：后面带直接宾语和间接宾语（即双宾语）的动词用法语法秘籍：1.直接宾语就是被动词直接作用的物（sth.）,间接宾语通常是指人（sb.）。
间宾如果使用代词,必须是宾格形式。
2. 它们跟在动词后面有两种顺序人前物后,人+物即：V + sb. sth.物前人后,物to 人即: V + sth. to sb.3.这样的动词有：give(给)bring(带来)take(拿), lend(借给) pay(支付), pass(传递), read(读), tell(告诉), send(送；发送), show(给看), teach(教),hand(递给)等。
如：Let me tell you a story. = Let me tell a story to you. 我给你讲个故事吧。
Please hand met he cup. = Please hand the cup to me.请把那个杯子递给我。
专项练习一、模仿例句改写以下例句。
（关键一定要找准,找全sth.和sb.）1.Send George that letter.___________________________________________________2.Take her those flowers.____________________________________________________3.Show me that picture._____________________________________________________4.Give Mrs. Jones these books._____________________________________________________5.Give the children these ice creams._____________________________________________________二、改写以下句子,改变划线部分在句中的位置。
九年级短语汇编之欧阳光明创编
人教版2014秋初三英语1-14单元重点短语欧阳光明（2021.03.07）Unit 11.和…合作/ 和…一起工作 work with2.制作单词卡 make word cards 3.读教科书 read the textbook4.听磁带 listen to the tape5.向…寻求/要… ask sb for…6.为考试做准备/备考 study for a test7.看录像 watch the videos 8.和…谈话 have conversations with sb 9.大声朗读 read aloud10.练习发音 practice pronunciation 11.学到很多 learn a lot 12.口语表达能力 speaking skills13.英语口语 spoken English 14.有点儿紧张 a little nervous 15.作报告 give a report16.听报告 have a report 17.知道大意 get the main ideas18.首先 at first19.使用字典 use a dictionary 20.读句子 read the sentences 21.要耐心 be patient22.越多…越快 The more… the faster…23.发现学英语难 find it difficult to learn24.在英语课上 in English class 25.学习语言的秘密 the secret to language learning26.如此…以至于 so ... that 27.大部分时间 most of time 28.害怕… be afraid of sth29.害怕做…be afraid to do sth=be afraid doing sth 30.由于/因为 because of31.我糟糕的发音 my poor pronunciation 32.埋头在教科 hide behind the textbook33.令人兴奋和有趣的电exciting and funny movies 34.爱上… fall in love with35.肢体语言 body language 36.脸上的表情 expressions on their faces37.得到/知道意思 get the meaning 38.有用的句子 the useful sentences39.小菜一碟 a piece of cake 40.你活该 It serves you right41.查阅…(字典) look up… 42.以便于 so that43.更好地理解英语电影 have a better understanding of English movies 44.改善我的发音improve my pronunciation45.词组 word groups 46.练习讲英语 practice speaking English47.提高…写作 improve one’s writing 48.练习听力 practice listening49.学习语法 learn grammar 50.看英语节目 watch English programs 51.大声重复 repeat out loud52.记/做笔记 take notes 53.做练习 do exercises 54.大量阅读 read a lot55.给笔友写点子邮件 write e-mails to sb 56.和…讲英语 speak English with sb57.记忆句型 memory sentences patterns 58.用英语记笔记 take notes in English59.用英语记日记 keep a diary English 60.使用英语字典 use an English dictionary1.ask sb. for help 请求某人的帮助.2. read the textbook 读课文3.mprove one’ s speaking skills 提髙某人说的能力4.poken English 英语口语5.get the main ideas 抓住主题 8.ad word by word 逐字逐句地读10. the secret to language learning 语言学习的诀转 12. fall in love with.. . 爱上13. body language 肢体语言14. look them up in a dictionary 在词典里查阅它们17 make mistakes in grammar 犯语法错误 18. learning habits 学习习惯19. have sth. in common 有.......共同,点 20. pay attention to 注意21. connect. •• with. •• .把.......与.......联系起来22. get bored 变得无聊 23. write down key words 摘抄重点词24. after class 课后25. be interested in…对.......感兴趣26. in class 在课堂上 27. do sth. on one’s own 独立做某事28. do sth. bit by bit 慢慢地做某事29. do sth. over and over again 一遍又一遍地做某事30. worry about. , 为.......而担忧 31. depend on 依赖；取决于32.Practce makes perfect. 熟能生巧 33. the ability to learn 学习能力Unit21.给出个人反应 give a personal reaction2.泼水节 the Water Festival3.龙舟节 the Dragon Boat Festival4.春节 the Spring Festival5.灯笼节 the Lantern Festival6.多么美好的一天! What a great day!7.一点 a little/ a bit/ a little bit 8.看望亲戚 visit relatives9.出去吃饭 eat out/ go out for dinner 10.增加(体重)/发胖/穿上 put on11.在两周以后 in /after two weeks 12.听起来像… sound like+n13.一年最热的月 the hottest month of the year 14.从…到… from …to…15.和…相似 be similar to/ be the same as 16.…的时间 the time of17.在街道上 in /on the street 18.朝…扔… throw sth to sb / sp19.洗剂掉… wash away 20.好运 good luck 21.满月 a full moon 22.把…带给… carry sth to sb23.传统的民间故事 traditional folk storis 24.…的故事 the story of…25.射掉 shoot down 26.计划做… plan to do sth27.设法偷 try to steal 28.拒绝做… refuse to do sth29.飘向… fly up to 30.对…喊出 call out one’s name to…31.摆开/布置 lay out sth in /on /at 32.回来 come back/ be back/ get back33.五月第二个星期 the second Sunday of May 34.六月第三个星期天 the third Sunday of June35.给…礼物 give gifts to sb 36.带…出去吃饭 ake sb out for dinner/lunch37.越来越受欢迎 more and more popular 38.展示/表达我们的爱 show our love39.花很多的钱 spend a lot of money 40.帮助…做… help (to) do sth/help with sth41.打扮/装扮 dress up 42.装扮成卡通人物 dress up as a sb43.不招待就使坏 trick and treat 44.了解 learn about45.考虑 think of 46.…的真正意义 the true meaning of…47.最好的例子 the best example 48.只想着自己 only think oneself49.关心/关注 care about 50.过去常常… used to do sth51.受到惩罚 be punished 52.处某人以… punish sb with/by…53.因…而处罚某人 punish sb for…54.告诫…去做… warn sb to do55.提醒…要注意… warn sb about sth 56.警告…不要做… warn sb not to do57.最终成为 end up 58.期待…做… expect sb to do sth59.带回到… take back…60.把…带回到… take sb back to sp61.使…想起… remind sb of sth/ sb 62.提醒某人做… remind sb to do sth63.醒来 wake up 64.查明/弄清情况 find out65.决定做… decide to do sth 66.改变…的生活 change one’s life67.承诺做… promises to do sth 68.真需要 in need69.…对待… treat sb with +adj 70.…的开端 the beginning of71.产生新生命 give birth to life 72.…的象征 a symbol of73.不但…而且 not only … but also 74.结果 as a result75.圣诞节前夕 Christmas EveUnit 31.取钱 get some money2.买一些杂志 get/buy some magazines3.获取一些有关小镇的信息 get some information about the town4.买一双鞋 get/buy a pair of shoes5.怎样到达… how to get to sp6.沿着 go along/ go down7.在银行的旁边 beside the bank 8.在右边 on the right/left9.去三楼 go to the third floor 10.向左转 turn left/ right11.在…之间 between …and…12.做…激动 be excited to do sth.13.从/以…开始 start/ begin with 14.不必匆忙 not need to rush15.起初 at first 16.在那个时刻 at that time17.来得更早点 come a little earlier 18.最近的银行 the nearest bank19.寻求帮助 ask for help 20.怎样有礼貌的寻求帮how to ask for help politely21.学会怎样才是礼貌的 learn how to be polite 22.在不同的情况 in different situations23.使用恰当的语言 use the right language 24.在去往…的路上 on one’s way to…25.更擅长 become better at…26.期待 look forward to27.使…想起 remind …of… 28.取决于/依靠 depend on29.经过、路过 pass by 30.一个吃饭的好地方a good place to eatUnit 41.害怕 be afraid of2.过去常常... used to do3.过去的长相 used to be like4.谈论 talk about5.直发 straight hair6.过去穿 used to wear...7.不足以做... not enough to do sth 8.在...方面取得好成绩 get good grades in9.对...更感兴趣 get more interested in ... 10.时常/有时 from time to time11.我小学同 my primary school classmates 12.变化很大 change a lot/ change so much13.变红 get red 14.和...谈话 talk to/ talk with15.看见某人在做... see sb doing sth 16.在考试中取得好成绩 get good scores on the exams17.一个十九岁的... a 19-year-old 18.拿起做/开始做 take up doing19.对付/处理 deal with/ do with 20.敢做... dear to do sth/ dear not to do sth21.在班级面前 in front of the class 22.全学校 the whole school23.在众人面前 in front of crowds 24.不在... not…anymore25.一直/总是 all the time 26.成为大众焦点 get tons of attention27.太多的注意力 too much attention 28.担心… worry about29.出现在别人面前 appear to others 30.非常注意... be very careful about31.私人时间 private time 32.和朋友闲逛 hang out with friends33.准备好做... be prepared to do sth 34.放弃 give up …(doing)35.通向成功的路 the road to success 36.想/考虑... think about37.继续战斗 fight on doing 38.需要有足够的天赋 require a lot of talent39.能成功到达顶峰 make it to the top 40.一小部分 a very small number of41.吃大量的蔬菜 eat a lot of vegetables 42.听流行音乐 listen to pop music43.看恐怖片 watch scary monies 44.看大量的书籍 read lots of books45.至少 at least 46.公众 in public 47.画画 paint pictures 48.音乐课 music class49.过去在足球队 used to be on the soccer team 50...的标题 the topic of51.学习努力 work hard 52.在...方面做得好 do well in53.难相信 It is hard to believe…54.寻找... look for55.照顾 take care of/ look after 56.搬到... move to sp57.感到孤独 feel lonely 58.旷课 be absent from classes59.考试不及格 fail the exams/examinations 60.做决定 make a decision61.派...到.../送...到... send sn to sp 62.寄宿学校 a boarding school63.交朋友 make friends 64.和…交朋友 make friends with sb65.亲自/亲身 in person 66.建议某人做... advise sb to do sth67.即使 even though 68.想到... think of 69.会话 have conversations with 70.从那以后 after that71.变得积极 become active 72.以...为自豪 take pride in/ be proud ofUnit5 短语1.以…闻名/为人知晓 be (well) known for2.不论/无论 no matter…3.剪纸 paper cutting4.由…构成(2个) be made of/be made from5.在…被制造 be made in sp6.科学博物馆 the science museum7.飞机模型 model plane 8.科技展 science fair9.因…而著名 be famous for/ be famous as 10.在过去 in the past11.在…被生产 be produced in… 12.在很多不同地区 in many different areas13.据我所知 as far as I know 14.在…的边上 on the sides of15.寄到…/送到… send sth to sp 16.许多不同的国 many different countries17.全世界 all over the world 18.有利于… be good for19.即…又… both…and 20.搜寻/寻找 search for sth21.去另一个国家 go to another country 22.什么种类的东西 what kinds of things23.无论什么 no matter what 24.即使 even if/ even though25.…中的大部分 the most of…26.一双/一对 a pair of27.中国制造 made in China 28.避免做… avoid doing sth29.事实上 in fact 30.擅长做… be good at doing sth31.更擅长做… be/get better at doing sth 32.在将来 in the future33.在世界各个角落 in all parts of the world 34.看望某人 visit sb35.在玩具店 in the toy stores 36.购物经历 shopping experiences37.查明 find out 38.怎样做风筝 how to make a kite39.去度假 go on vacation 40.放风筝 fly a kite41.国际风筝 The International kite festival 42.特殊传统方式 the special forms of traditional43.在生活中 in life 44.例如 such as/ for example45.把…变成… turn sth into sth/ change sth into sth 46.首次被使用 be first used by sb47.寻求帮助 ask for help 48.升入到…里 fall into49.幸福的象征 a symbol of happiness 50.贴上 put sth on…51.好运 good luck 52.中国童话 Chinese fairy tale53.历史故事 a historical story 54.在很高的温度下 at a very high heat55.陶艺 clay art 56.被用于做… be used for doing sth57.用…盖上 cover sth with sth 58.被…覆盖 be covered with…Unit6 短语1.被…发明 be invented (by sb)2.…的样式 the style of…3.具有特殊跟的鞋 shoes with special heels4.考虑/想 think of/ think about5.我很荣幸 My pleasure!6.日常生活 daily life7.似乎… seem to do sth/ seem that…8.传播到… spread sth to sp9.偶然的/意外的 by accident 10.最受欢迎的饮料 the most popular drink11.据说 It’s said that…12.作为饮料 as a drink13.在户外的火上 over an open fire 14.掉入…里/落入/陷入 fall into15.茶圣 the saint of tea 16.被带到… be brought to sp17.发生 take place 18.毫无疑问/确信 without doubt19.以很低的价格 at a low price 20.建议…做… advise sb to do sth21.建议…不要做… advise sb not to do sth 22.突然/猛地 all of a sudden23.和…相似 be similar to 24.错误地/无意地 by mistake25.足够的咸 salty enough 26.使…高兴 make sb happy/ cheer sb up27.最后 in the end 28.多余/超过 more than / over29.人们相信 It’s believed that 30.在奥运会 at the Olympics31.在室内坚硬的地板上 inside on a hard floor 32.把…分成… divide …into…33.与此同时 at the same time 34.阻止…做… stop…from doing sth35.…的梦想 the dream of…36.不但…而且… not only…but also37.…的数量 the number of…38.越来越多 more and more39.钦佩/仰慕 look up to 40.鼓励…做… encourage sb to do sth41.实现梦想 achieve one’s dream 42.历史上 in history43.职业篮球队 the professional basketball groups 44.这是因为… That’s because…45.很难区分出 It’s hard to tell…46.想出… come up with47.那是…的原因 That’s why… 48.让某人不要做… ask sb not to do sthUnit 7 短语1.顶嘴/回嘴 talk back2.避免接近/远离 keep … away from3.自己做决定 make one’s own decision4.当了…的路/妨碍 get in the way of5.允许…做… allow sb to do sth6.被允许做… be allowed to do sth7.选择自己的服 choose one’s own clothes 8.应该允许…做… should allow sb to do9.不应该允许做 should allow sb not to do 10.十六岁的孩子们 sixteen-years old11.兼职工作 part-time job/work 12.扎耳眼 get one’s ears pieced13.足够认真 be serious enough 14.和朋友度过时 spend tome with friends15.需要时间(去)做… need tome to do sth 16.停止做… stop doing sth17.对…感到兴奋 be excited about sth 18.拍照 takes photos19.使用闪光板灯 use a flash 20.小婴儿 a tiny baby21.整夜 all night 22.带在我身边 stay by my side23.温暖怀抱里入眠 warm arms to sleep in 24.确定/确认 make sure/ be sure25.举起 lift up 26.咳嗽得厉害 cough badly/cough a lot27.大声地顶嘴 talk back loudly 28.给…东西 give sth to sb29.噩梦 awful dream 30.生气的喊道 shout back angrily31.和朋友出去 go out with friends 32.回想起… think back to sth33.上学迟到 be late for school 34.呆在外面 stay out35.后悔做了… regret doing sth 36.后悔做…(没做) regret to sth37.给…机会做… give sb a chance to do sth 38.搬出去 move out39.照顾自己 take care of/ look after 40.驾驭自己的生活 manage one’s life41.上课迟到 be late class 42.和朋友一起学习 study with friends43.早早的完成考试 finish a test early 44.担心 worry about sb/ sth45.考试失败 fail the test 46.参加考试 take the test47.通过考试 pass the test 48.数学考试失败 fail a math test49.缓考 take the test late 50.对某人要求严格 be strict with sb51.想成为 be strict in sth 52.职业赛跑运动员 a professional runner53.长大 grow up 54.过多的训练 train so much55.不反对做… have nothing against doing 56.最终 end up57.对…认真 be serious about sth 58.在…上花费时间 spend time on sth59.做选择 make this choice 60.有机会做… have a chance to do sth61.实现梦想 achieve one’s dream 62.鼓励某人做… encourage sb to sthUnit8 短语1.属于… belong to sb2.追逐/追赶 run after3.同时/一起 at the same time4.听… listen to sb/ sth5.也许是 may/might be6.可能是 could be7.一定是 must be8.一定不是 can’t be9.去野餐 go to a picnic 10.其余的/剩余的 the rest of… 11.拾起/捡起 pick up sth12.彼此 each other/ one another13.过去常常 used to do sth 14.被采访 be interviewed by 15.奇怪的声音 strange noise16.玩得高兴 have fun/have good time17.感到不安 feel uneasy/ feel nervous18.离开/走开 go away/ be away 19.不确定 be not sure 20.洗澡 take a shower 21.感到困倦 feel sleepy 22.在空中 in the sky 23.赶车 catch the bus24.不但…而且… not only…but also 25.看见太阳升起 see the sun rising 26.一年中最长的这一天 the longest day of the year27.试图与…交流 try to communicate with sb28.指出 point out29.一种日历 a kind of calendar 30.一定的方式 in a certain way 31.直接照射…里 shine directly into 32.石头的中心 the center of the stones33.保持健康 keep healthy 34.被用于做… be used for doing 35.石头的位置 the position of the stones36.一个特殊的目的 a special prupose 37.很长的一段时间 a long period of timeUnit9 短语1.既然那样/那样的话 in that case2.坚持/固守 stick to3.大量/充足 plenty of4.关上 shut off5.偶尔/间或 once in a while6.总共/合计 in total7.随着跳舞 dance to8.随着唱歌 sing along with9.空闲时间 spare time/ free time 10.取决于/依靠 depend on 11.使…振作 cheer sb up12.尽某人最大努力去做try one’s best to do 13.有一个快乐的结局 have a happy ending14.使…感到… make sb feel adj 15.及时 in time16.害怕… be afraid to do sth /be afraid of doing17.中国民间音乐演奏会 a concert of Chinese folk music18.用二胡演奏 play on erhu 19.查阅 look up sth 20.被…写 be written by sb 21.出生 be born22.教…做… teach sb to do sth 23.例如 for example/such as 24.因…而出名 be famous/ known for 25.赚钱 make money 26.结婚 get married27.继续做 go on to do/ continue to do sth 28.以这种方式 in this way 29.到…末 by the end of…30.遗憾的是… It’s a pity that …Unit 10 短语1.顺便拜访 drop by2.毕竟/终归 after all3.大动肝火/气愤 get mad4.作出努力 make an effort5.把…擦掉 clean sth off6.脱下/起飞 take off7.特地/格外努力 go out of one’s way to..8.使某人宾至如归 make sb feel at home9.习惯于 be used to doing 10.握手 shake hands11.被期望做/应该做 Sb be supposed to do 12.被期待着做… Sb be expected to do13.(做)…是重要的 be important to do 14.首次见面 meet for the first time15.犯一些错误 make some mistakes 16.欢迎晚会 the welcome party17.交朋友 make friends 18.被期待着… be expected to do19.伸手 hold hand 20.使…惊讶的是 to one’s surprise21.晚到点 arrive a bit late 22.做计划做… make plans to do sth23.按时/准时 on time 24.邀请某人做… invite sb to do sth25.避开交通高峰期 avoid heavy traffic 26.用手(拿)饭吃 eat with one’s hand27.插入…里 stick sth into …28.在盘子里 on the plate29.撞击一个空碗 hit an empty bowl 30.用…指点… point at sb with sth31.最大的挑战 the biggest challenge 32.玩得高兴/过得愉快 have a good time have fun / enjoy oneself33.学会怎样做… learn how to do sth 34.用法语和我谈话 talk to sb in French35.由于/因为 because of …36.与…不同 be different from37.相当奇怪 pretty strange 38.切开 cut up sth 39.使得某人… make sb adj 40.显而易见/ 到场 show upUnit9 短语1.既然那样/那样的话 in that case2.坚持/固守 stick to3.大量/充足 plenty of4.关上 shut off5.偶尔/间或 once in a while6.总共/合计 in total7.随着跳舞 dance to 8.随着唱歌 sing along with9.空闲时间 spare time/ free time 10.取决于/依靠 depend on11.使…振作 cheer sb up 12.尽某人最大努力去做try one’s best to do13.有一个快乐的结局 have a happy ending 14.使…感到… make sb feel adj15.及时 in time 16.害怕be afraid to do sth /be afraid of doing17.中国民间音乐演奏会 a concert of Chinese folk music 18.用二胡演奏 play on erhu19.查阅 look up sth 20.被…写 be written by sb21.出生 be born 22.教…做… teach sb to do sth23.例如 for example/such as 24.因…而出名 be famous/ known for25.赚钱 make money 26.结婚 get married27.继续做 go on to do/ continue to do sth 28.以这种方式 in this way29.到…末 by the end of… 30.遗憾的是… It’s a pity that …31.想要做 feel like doing 32.悦耳的音乐 smooth music33．到..末尾 by the end of34. prefer＋名词或动名词“宁愿”，“更喜欢”。
初中英语被动语态讲解与练习之欧阳歌谷创作
初中被动语态语法讲解欧阳歌谷（2021.02.01）(一) 语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如：They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
不同时态的被动语态，列表如下：一般现在时：am / is / are + done一般过去时：was / were + done一般将来时：shall / will + be done欧阳歌谷创编一般过去将来时：should / would + be done现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done过去进行时：was / were + being + done现在完成时：have / has + been + done过去完成时：had + been + done将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时：(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.(2)The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.2. 一般过去时：(1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last欧阳歌谷创编month.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.(2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily.His lessons were not easily forgotten3. 一般将来时：(1)They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.(2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.4. 过去将来时：(1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.(2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon欧阳歌谷创编as possible.5. 现在进行时：(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.(2) We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted.6. 过去进行时：(1)The workers were mending the road.The road was being mended.(2)This time last year we were planting trees here.Trees were being planted here this time last year.7. 现在完成时：(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.(2)He has brought his book here.His book has been brought here.8. 过去完成时：欧阳歌谷创编(1)When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.(2) People had considered him to be a great leader.He had been considered to be a great leader(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。
语文,主谓宾之欧阳引擎创编
什么是主语、谓语、宾语、宾补、状语、定语?欧阳引擎（2021.01.01）主语是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物，是句子叙述的主体。
可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。
谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。
宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。
宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
定语：用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语, 定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。
如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。
状语：说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式, 条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。
状语可以由副词, 短语以及从句来担任。
补语是述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。
补语与述语之间是补充与被补充、说明与被说明的关系,是补充说明动词或形容词性中心语的，可以回答“怎么样”、“多少次”、“何处”、“何时”、“什么结果”等问题。
补语都放在中心语后头，除了趋向动词、数量词、介宾结构和一部分形容词可以直接作补语外。
补语多用形容词、数量词、趋向动词、介宾结构来担任，各种关系的词组也常作补语。
口诀：主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。
定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。
状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。
状语状语是修饰限制谓语的成分。
副词的主要功能是作状语，形容词性词组、时间名词、方位词、能愿动词、介宾词组也经常作状语。
状语也可以分为描写性的和限制性的。
多项状语的排列词序离中心语从远及近一般为：表示时间的名词、副词、方位词组、介宾词组；表示处所的介宾词组、方位词组、名词、代词；表示语气、关联的副词；表示条件、方式、范围、目的、对象、关涉的介宾词组和副词；表示情态的形容词、动词。
初中英语-介词专项之欧阳历创编
词一．概念：介词用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系，介词是虚词，不能独立充当句子成分介词短语能够充当句子成分,介词短语 = 介词+介词宾语（名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当）二、常用1、in 在......之内1) 表示地点，表示大地点。
She’s in China with her mom and dad.2)表示时间，表示在某一个时间段内The weather is cold in winter.3) 表示颜色和语言也用介词in。
Do you know the girl in red? I can write thisarticle in English.2、from 从......中来1) come from I come from China and I’m Chinese.2) download from I download music from the Internet.3) be different from Lily’s habits are different from Linda’s.3. with 和，用，与1) with sb 和......人在一起I’m in Class One with Daming and Lingling.2）with sth. 表示用某种工具 I write with my pen, and I see with my eyes.4. at 在......1) 表地点，主小地点。
My father is a teacher at BeijingInternationalSchool.2) 表时间，主指时间的一个点。
I get up at half past seven in the morning.3) be good at 擅长于......Iam good at reading and writing.5. behind 在......后面 The classrooms arebehind the offices.6. next to 紧挨着The library is next to the classrooms.7. in front of 在......前面They are in front of Tony and Daming.8. for 为了......，因为。
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双宾动词欧阳光明（2021.03.07）主攻语法：后面带直接宾语和间接宾语（即双宾语）的动词用法语法秘籍：1.直接宾语就是被动词直接作用的物（sth.），间接宾语通常是指人（sb.）。
间宾如果使用代词，必须是宾格形式。
2. 它们跟在动词后面有两种顺序人前物后，人+物即：V + sb. sth.物前人后，物to 人即: V + sth. to sb.3.这样的动词有：give(给)bring(带来)take(拿), lend(借给) pay(支付), pass(传递),read(读), tell(告诉), send(送；发送), show(给看), teach(教),hand(递给)等。
如：Let me tellyoua story. = Let me tella storyto you. 我给你讲个故事吧。
Please handmethe cup. = Please handthe cupto me.请把那个杯子递给我。
专项练习一、模仿例句改写以下例句。
（关键一定要找准，找全sth.和sb.）1.Send George that letter.___________________________________________________2.Take her those flowers.____________________________________________________3.Show me that picture._____________________________________________________4.Give Mrs. Jones these books._____________________________________________________5.Give the children these ice creams._____________________________________________________二、改写以下句子，改变划线部分在句中的位置。
1. Give this key to Penny, please.__________________________________________________________ ___2.Don’t give that one to him.__________________________________________________________ _____3.Send these flowers to her.__________________________________________________________ _________4.Don’tshow your homework to Sam.__________________________________________________________ __________5.Bring these magazines to Sally.__________________________________________________________ __________6.Hand the hammer to your father.__________________________________________________________ ___________7.Don’t send these tickets to them.__________________________________________________________ ___________8.Can you lend an English book to me?__________________________________________________________ ___________9.Pass the ball to her, please.__________________________________________________________ ___________10.Tell the truth to me.__________________________________________________________ _________三、汉译英。
1. 我打算送给她一些花儿。
send sb. sth.send sth. to sb.2. 不要把信给你的朋友看。
show sb. sth.show sth. to sb.3. 请递给我一杯水。
pass sb. sth.pass sth. to sb.4. 我要把信发给我的奶奶。
send sb. sth.send sth. to sb.5. 请把这些礼物给孩子们。
give sb. sth.give sth. to sb.6. 我把他送到了学校。
take sb. sth.7. 我借给他一本故事书。
lend sb. sth.lend sth. to sb.8. 我给她看了我的新裙子。
show sb. sth.show sth. to sb.9. 你打算把那些照片送给谁？send sth. to sb.可接双宾语的38个常用动词 (1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词 award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信(2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌）spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物注：有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，既可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义相同，如bring，play等：Bring me today’s paper. = Bring today’s paper to [for] me. 把今天的报纸拿给我。
He played us the record he had just bought. = He played the record he had just bought for [to] us. 他放了他刚买的唱片给我们听。
有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，即可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义不同，如leave等：They left me no food. = They left no food for me. 他们没给我留一点食物。
My uncle left me a large fortune. = My uncle left a large fortune to me.我叔叔死后留下一大笔财产给我。
而有的动词后接双宾语时，既不能用介词to引出间接宾语，也不能用介词for引出间接宾语，如allow, ask, cause, charge, cost, forgive, refuse等：He allows his son too much money. 他给他儿子的钱太多。