中山大学sicily题目分类
中山大学生物化学考研历年问答题
中山大学生物化学考研历年问答题生物化学是生命科学领域的一门重要学科，也是许多高校生物学、医学和农学等专业硕士研究生入学考试的必考科目。
中山大学作为中国著名的高等学府之一，其生物化学专业在国内享有很高的声誉。
本文将整理并分析中山大学生物化学考研历年问答题的考点和难点，帮助考生更好地应对考试。
一、蛋白质的结构与功能蛋白质是生物体内最重要的分子之一，具有多种生物学功能。
在中山大学生物化学考研中，对蛋白质的结构与功能的考查是一个重点。
考生需要掌握蛋白质的基本结构、一级结构、二级结构、三级结构和四级结构的概念和特点，同时理解蛋白质功能与其结构的关系。
二、DNA的复制、转录与翻译DNA的复制、转录和翻译是细胞内基因表达的关键过程。
考生需要掌握这些过程的定义、反应过程、调节机制以及与蛋白质合成的。
这些知识点通常会以填空题、选择题和问答题的形式出现，需要考生对基本概念和过程有深入的理解。
三、糖类代谢糖类是生物体内主要的能源物质，其代谢过程包括糖酵解、柠檬酸循环和电子传递系统等。
考生需要掌握这些过程的反应机理、调节方式和在细胞内的定位，同时理解它们在能量代谢和物质代谢中的作用。
四、脂类代谢脂类是生物体内重要的能源物质和信号分子。
考生需要掌握脂类代谢的基本过程，如脂肪的合成与分解、甘油磷脂的合成与降解等，同时理解脂类代谢与能量代谢之间的关系。
五、氨基酸代谢氨基酸是生物体内重要的营养物质和代谢中间产物。
考生需要掌握氨基酸的合成与分解、尿素循环等基本过程，同时理解氨基酸代谢与蛋白质代谢之间的关系。
六、分子生物学技术分子生物学技术是现代生物化学研究的重要手段。
考生需要了解一些常用的分子生物学技术的基本原理和应用，如PCR、基因克隆、DNA 测序等。
这些知识点通常会以选择题或问答题的形式出现，需要考生对基本概念和技术有基本的了解。
七、细胞信号转导细胞信号转导是细胞内重要的生理过程，涉及到多种分子之间的相互作用和调控。
考生需要了解细胞信号转导的基本概念、调节机制和信号转导通路的特点，同时理解它们在细胞生长、分化和凋亡过程中的作用。
中山大学病理生理学2015--2019年考博真题
1.Cell signal transduction
2.Hepatic insufficiency
3.paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
4.hypovolemic shock
二、简答题
1.试述应激时下丘脑垂体-肾上腺皮质体统对机体的影响。
2.试述休克和DIC的关系。
4、myocardial stunning
二、问答题（20分*4题=80分）
1.肝性脑病相关的神经递质种类及其导致肝性脑病的机制。
2.长期高血压引起心脏衰竭的发病机制。
3.全身适应性综合征各期的神经内分泌变化及其生理效应。
4.试述细胞信号转导异常引起霍乱的机制。
中山大学
2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
4.热休克蛋白
5.APC抵抗
二、论述题
1.氨在肝性脑病中对神经递质的影像。
2.慢性肾脏病合并高血压的机制。
3.代谢性酸中毒对循环系统的影像。
4.休克早起（代偿期）微循环的特点及其机制，以及对心脏、肾脏、脑功能的影像。
中山大学
2017年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理生理学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释（每题5分，共20分）
1.renal osteodystrophy
2.hepatic encephalopathy
3.recessive edema
4.non-reflow phenomenon
二、简答题（每题20分，共80分）
1.心衰代偿反应时血容量增加的机制及对机体的意义。
2.DIC引起出血的机制。
3.ARDS患者为什么常出现I型呼吸衰竭。
中山大学历年考研病理生理试题汇总精华版题库
中山大学病理生理硕士2004 年二、名词解说（30分）1、假性神经递质2、微血管病性溶血性贫血3、休克肺4、肾性骨营养不良5、钙超载6、心肌顿抑三、剖析题（ 90 分）1、高钙血症易发生MSOF 的体制？2、革兰氏阴性菌易发生DIC 的体制？3、喜悦缩短偶连致使心脏衰竭的体制4、应激时糖皮质激素高升对肌体的影响5、凋亡时的生化改变6、用细胞信号转导的原理剖析二型糖尿病的发病体制。
2003 年二、名词解说（ 5 分／题）1、cyanosis2、Apotosis3、Heat-shock protein4、hypervolemic hypernatremia5、respiratory alkalosis三、论述题（ 90 分）1、何谓肺源性心脏病，试述其发病体制（15 分）2、试述孕妇患急性肝炎易并发DIC 的机理（ 20 分）3、为何说血浆氨基酸失衡学说是假性神经递质学说的增补和发展（20 分）4、试述肺水肿惹起呼吸衰竭的发病体制（20 分）5、急、慢性呼吸性酸中毒机遇体的代偿变化有何不一样？（15 分）2002 年一、选择题（ A 型题：每题 1 分，共 20 分）1.钙失常时内钙超负荷的重要原由是（）A． ATP 减少使钙泵功能阻碍 B. Na+ -Ca2+互换增添C. 电压依靠性钙通道开放增添D. 线粒体膜流动性降低E.无钙浇灌期出现的细胞膜外板与糖被表面的分别2.低渗性脱水对机体最主要的影响是 ( )A．酸中毒 B.氮质血症 C.循环衰竭 D.脑出血 E.神经系统3.细胞凋亡的特点性形态学改变主假如？ ( )A. 细胞肿胀B.炎症细胞浸润C.凋亡小体D.细胞空泡化E.细胞固缩4.以下哪一种基因的激活能克制凋亡？ ( )A. 野生型 P53B. Bcl-2C. FasD. ICEE. Bax5.休克肾处于功能性肾脏时不会出现( )A．尿量减少 B. 尿钠高升 C. 氮质血症 D. 高钾血症 E. 代谢性酸中毒6.不必定存在微循环阻碍的休克是( )A. 过敏性休克B.心源性休克C.感染性休克D.神经源性休克E.烧伤性休克7.DIC 产生的贫血属于 ()A. 失血性贫血B. 缺铁性贫血C. 重生阻碍性贫血D. 溶血性贫血E. 中毒性贫血8.凝血因子和血小板的生成超出耗费的状况可见于( )A．代偿型 DIC B. 急性 DIC C. 亚急性 DICD. 慢性 DICE. DIC 初期9.可惹起低输出量性心力弱竭的疾病是( )A．甲状腺功能亢进症 B. 贫血 C.维生素 B1 缺少症D. 高血压病E.动 -静脉瘘10.左心衰呼吸困难时 ,呼吸幅度变浅 ,频次加速主假如因为 ()A．肺适应性降低 B.气体弥散阻碍 C. 肺泡毛细血管感觉器受刺激D.呼吸道阻力增大E.肺泡通气 /血流比值失调11. MSOF 病人出现非少尿型肾衰 ,非少尿的原由主假如( )A．代谢产物聚积 ,出现浸透性利尿 B.正常单位代偿性加强C.肾小管受损 D.肾小球滤过率降落较轻 E.肾小管拥塞较轻12.与细胞生长、生化、凋亡亲密有关的信号转导门路中的重点物质是( ) A． cAMP B. MAPK C. IP3 D. Ca2+ E. PKC13．决定血氧饱和度的最主要要素是（）A．红细胞内 2，3-DPG 含量 B. 血液 PH C. 血液温度D. 血氧分压E. 血液 CO2 分压14．有关低张性缺氧，以下哪项是错误的？( )A．动脉血氧分压↓ B.血氧容量正常 C.动 -静脉血氧含量差大于正常D.可出现呼吸性碱中毒 E.静脉血分流入动脉也会惹起低张性缺氧15．以下哪一种原由惹起的缺氧不属于循环性缺氧？（）A．心衰 B. 休克 C.肺动静脉瘘 D.静脉淤血 E.动脉血栓16．急性期反响蛋白主要由以下哪个器官合成？（）A．心 B.肝 C.肾 D.胰 E.脾17．应激时血糖高升的体制不包含（）A. 肾上腺素↑B.胰岛素↑C.生长激素↑D.糖皮质激素↑E.胰高血糖素↑18．假性神经递质的毒性作用是（）A．使血氨浓度上涨 B.减少乙酰胆碱产生 C.扰乱多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素的作用 D.使 5-羟色胺增加 E.促使γ-氨基丁酸合成19．少尿型急性肾功能衰竭病人进入多尿期的标记（）A．尿量大于 2000ml/d B.尿量大于 1000ml/d C.尿量大于 400ml/dD.尿量大于 100ml/dE.尿量大于 50ml/d20. 以下哪一种物质未参加鸟氨酸环化酶信号转导门路（）A． NO B. cGMP C. Camp D. PKG E. GC二、名词解说（每题 4 分，共 20 分）1．Dead space like ventilation2．Enterogenous cyanosis3．High output heart failure4．Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome5. Uremia1、 Compensatory anti-inflammatory response2、 General adaptation syndrome3、 Hypovolemic hypematremia4、 Anion gap5、 Renin-dependent hypertension三、论述题（每题15，共 60 分）1.何谓肺源性心脏病？试述其发病体制。
中山大学细胞生物学英文题库
中山大学细胞生物学英文题库1. You think you might have discovered a new organelle using electron electron microscopy, but you are not sure if it's real or an artifact of your technique. What might you do to prove it is real?a. Look for the structure in many similarly prepared specimens from the same source.b. Look for the structure in many similar prepared specimens from different sources.c. Look for the same structure in specimens prepared using different staining protocols.d. Look for the same structure in specimens prepared using different (or no) fixatives.2. Traditional genetic approaches to problems of cell biology have followed the path of information from gene to protein. Biochemical approaches have traced proteins back lto the DNA that encodes them, i.e., from protein to gene. This chapter has given you the basics to follow either path. Assume you are studying a problem relating to cell function. Briefly outline the basic steps you would take if you were starting with a gene and trying to deduce the function of the protein. Now outline the steps that you would take to get from a specific protein to a sequenced, isolated gene.1. Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. If it is false, expolain why in Nuclease-chypersensitive sites in chromation are located in the linker DNA between nucleosomes.(F)2. Short answera. Evolutionary conservation of histone proteins.b. nuclear matrix3. Suppose you discover a temperature-sensitive nutant whose nucleus failed to accumulate certain nuclear protein atan elevated (restrictive) temperature, but continued to accumulate other species. What conclusions might you draw about nuclear localization and the nature of this mutation?Cells possess more than one NLS. receptor that recongnize different localization sequences, and that the mutation was occuring in a gene that encoded one of these NLS receptor species.1. Fill in the blanks.A functional chromosome regrires the DNA sequence element at least one_______ to permit the chromosome to copied one to facilitate proper segregation of its two copies at mitosis and two ________ to allow the chromosome to be maintianed betwiin cell generations.(ARS; CEN)2. Which statemint best characterizes the nuclear localization signal?a. The NLS is tupically a small molecular weight metabolic intermediate.b. The NLS is a shetch of hydrophobic amino acids on a proteins N terminus.c. The NLS is one or two streches of basic amino acids on a protein'sC-terminus.d. The NLS is a steroid that binds to DNA.(C)3. You suspect that a new hormone you are testing functions to stimulate myosin synthesis by acting at the transcriptioned level. What type of experimental evidence would support this contention.1. Indicate whether the following statement is ture or false. If a statement is false, exlain why.a. Both myosin-! and myosin-!! have a rollike tial that allows them to polymerize into bipolar filaments, which is crucial for moving groups of oppositely oriented actin filaments past each other.b. Sarcomere shortening is caused by the myosin filaments sliding past the actin filaments with no charge in the length of either type of filaments.2. If you treated cells with a drug that interferes with microtubuls such as colchrarne, which of the following would result?a. Cell shape would be disruptedb. Mitosis and merosis would not occurc. The intracellular location of organelles would be disruptedd. All of the above would result3. Some antibodies capable of binding to kinesin are able to block organelle movement, whereas other anti-kinesin antibodies seem to have bittle effect: How can you explain this obsenation?1.Would you agree with the statement that the centrosome plays a key role in determining that rates of lengthening and shortening of the microtubules of an animal cell? Why or why not?pare and contrast the following cytoplasmic dynein v.s. Kinesin3.Differences in microtubular stability and function between different cells (or different locations within a cell) may be due to which of the following?a. the expression of different tubulin isformsb. the number of protofilaments composing a single microtublec. the presence of different MAPsd. all of the above1.What type of antibody could you use to distinguish between isolated coated vesicles that had formed at the TGN from those that had formed at the plasma membrane?2.Which of the body would you probably be the richest in HDL receptors?a. stomach cellsb. liver cellc. muscle celld. epitholial cells(D)3.A certain integral protein of the plasma membrane has two transmembrane domains in wihich both the C-terminals and the N-terminals are directed toward the cell extenor in the mature protein. Where are the C-termini located when the proteinis newly translocated into the RER membrane? Into the Golgi? Into the vesicles?The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is membrane-bound protein that also functions as a ligand-gated ion channel. Upon binding acetyleholine, the channel opens and sodi1. Fill in the blanks in the following statements:In cells treated with ______ the Golgi appearatus largely disappears and the Golgi proteins end up in the ER, where they intermix with ER proteins.2. Indicate whether the following is true or false. (T)If a statement is false, explain why.All of the glycoprotions and glycolipids in intracellular membranes have their oligosaccharides facing the luminal side, whereas those in the plasma membrane have their oligosaccharides facing outside the cell.3. You have labeled the lipids on a patch of rough ER membrane with a fluorescent probe. After a few minutes, the probe shows up in the membranes of the cis Golgi. Now you treat the cells with the drug brefieldin A where might the fluoresent probe show up next?a. trans Golgi networkb. endoplasmic reticulumc. plasma membraned. secretory vesicles1. Fill in the following blanks:The amino-terminal ER signal poptide of a soluble protein itself have two functions. In addition to directing the protein to the ER mambrane, it also serve as a ________.(起始跨膜信号)2. True of false: if false, explain why.In mammalian cells, the import of protein into ER begins before the polypeptide chain is synthesized, that is, it occures to co-translationality.3. Which of the following lack a signal sequence?a) acid hydrolase enzymes synthesized in macrophage cells.b) glycolytic enzymes synthesized in liver cells.c) polypeptide gormones synthesized in endocrine cells.d) antibody hormones synthesized in plasma cells.1.Which of the following explain why microsomes can't be seen viewed with eletron microscope?a) They are far too small.b) They are antifats of homogenization and centrifugation.c) They are transparent to electrons.d) They actually can be seen in election micrographics of cells.2.If you were to add a drug to interfere with the ability of ribosome to bind to mRNA, what effect would this be expected to have to the structure of the RER?3.Which, if any, of the following polypeptides would be expected to look, a signal peptide antibodies, acid phosphatase, hemoglobin, ribosomal protein, glycophorn.1.Would you expect the import of substances such as ADP or Pi to lead to a decrease in the proton-motive force? Why?Yes, because they occur at the expense of either the potential difference acress the membrane(in the case of the ATP/ADP exchange) or of the proton gradient (in the case of the uptake of Pi)2.Why would you expect the movement of protons into the intermembrane space to have an effect on the enzymes o fthe cytosol?Because the outer membrane is freely permeable to protons, therefore the protons concentration in the intermembrane space would rapidly epuilibrate with that of the cytosol, lowing the cytosolic pH.ing differential centrifugationm, you are trying to isolate peroxisomes and glyoxysomes from a mixture of cellular organelles. After a few centrufugation steps, you think you may have a relkatively pure suspension. How might you determine that your suspension does, indeed, have there organelles?a) Do an assay for the enzyme catalase.b) Do an assay for the enzyme succinate debydrogenase.c) Look in the microscope for a double -membrane bound organelle.d) Assay you suspension for nucleic acid.(A)1.Which of the following statements about the outer mitochondrial membrane is not true?a) The outer membrane is impermeable to hydrogen ions.b) The outer membrane is highly permeable to substances of small molecular weight.c) The outer membrane is about 50% lipid and 50% protein by weight.d) The outer membrane contains proins.2.Which of the follwing is not an electron carrier class in the electron transport chain?a) flavoproteinsb) cytochromesc) iron-sulfur proteind) cytochrome coxidase3.Short answer: Na-k ATPase from red blood cells can be made to synthesis ATP1. In most cases, RNA acts as an intermediary molecule between the genetic information and the final product of that information, proteins.What are the advantages of having an intermediary as opposed to translating the DNA directly into protein?2.The textbook states that the nucleotide sequence of splice sites is "ancient origin". How do we know this sequence is ancient?a. It is widespread and occurs in even the most primitive eukaryotes.b. The number of mutations that have accumulated in the sequence indicates that it must have been in cells for millions of years.c. It is only found in organisms that are highly evolved.d. It codes for ancient proteins.3. If cultured cells are incubated with 14^C-merhionine the radiolab will appear:a. in all the rRNAs simultaneously.b. first in the 45S RNA, followed by the 32S RNA, followed by the 28S RNA.c. first in the 45S RNA, followed by the 28S RNA, followed by the 5S RNA.d. first in the 28S RNA, followed by the 32S RNA, followed by the 45S RNA.pare and contrast the folowing:(1) "one gene-one enzyme" vs "one gene-one transcription unit".(2) "upstream promoters" vs "internal promoters"2.The signification of methylation of pre-rRNA is probablya. To ensure that the final rRNAwill assume the correct tertiary structre.b. To prevent the pre-rRNA from being processed.c. To prevent degredation of the parts destined to become mature rRNA.d. None of the above.3.The following complex of macromolecules is found in a cell: DNA attached to RNA polymerase, attached to a growing chain of RNA attached to a ribosome, attached to two tRNAs, attached to a growing chain of amino acids. The cell must be:a. A plant cell.b. An animal cell.c. A virus.d. A prokaryotic cell.4.The 5s rRNA differs from the other cellular rRNAs in which of the following ways?a. The genes are located outside the nucleolus.b. The genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase Ⅲ.c. The promoter region of the 5s rRNA gene is internal to the gene.d. All of the above.1. Ca^2+, IP3, and cAMP are very different second messagers. In what ways are their mechanisms of action similar? In what ways are they different?2. Suppose that epinephrine and nonepinephrine could initate a similar response in a particular target cell. How could you show that the two compounds act by binding to the same cell-suface-receptor?3. If you break liver cells b homogenization separate the broken cell membranes (particulate) from the cytoplasm (sohuble) and add epinephrine to the soluble portion, the result will bea. the production of cAMPb. binding of the epinephrine to its receptorc. activeation of adenylyl cyclased. none of the aboveA gene encoding growth hormone in rats was introduced into mice. The construst used consisted in an open reading frame encoding rat growth hormone fused to a mouse promoter A. the growth hormone sequence was obtained from a rat cDNA library the only available source of sequence information. Fertilized mouse egg cells were transformed with the rat growth hormone construst and expression of the rat growth hormone was detected. Transformation of fertilized egg cells with rat growth hormone cDNA alone did not result in expression.1. Why was it necessary to fuse the rat growth hormone sequence to a promoter to obtain expression?a. The rat sequence was obtained from a cDNA library and therefore did not include a promoter sequence.b. No factors that recognized the rat promoter sequence were present in the mouse.c. The rat promoter was contained with the rat sequence but was inactivated in the mouse.d. Rat growth hormone is inactivated in mice.2. When the eggs were placed under conditions conducive to activation of the mouse promoter one of the resulting off spring grew large than the expected size. The appearance of the large mouse is consistent with one the following statements:a. That mouse grew bigger because it produced more mouse growth hormone.b. That mouse grew bigger because it was more aggressive and ate more mouse chaw.c. That mouse grew bigger because the mouse promoter A was activated result in increased production of rat growth hormone.d. The mouse grew bigger because his nose was longer.1. Neleic acid hybridization can be used as a measure of evolutionary relationships between species of the following statement about the DNA of related species, which is truea. Closely related species from hybrid DNAs with relatively low melting temperatures.b. Closely related species from hybrid DNAs with relatively high melting temperatures.c. There is no correlation between DNA hybrid meltiong temperature and relatedness of species.d. One cannot creat DNA hybrid molecules from DNAs of closely related species. techniques you might use to answer each of the following questions.a. Does the DNA on the hair found at the scene of a crime match that of the defendant in a criminal trial?b. Where in a cell are the carbobydrates added to the glycoprotein hormones that are exported?1. Which type of the cell would you expect to achieve the largest volume: a highly flattened cell or a splherical cell? Why?2. All of the following individuals contributed to cell theory except:a. Robert Hookeb. Matthias Schleidenc. Theodor Schwannd. Rudolf Virchow3. Cell theory includes all of the following expecta. All organisms are composed of ome or more cells.b. The cell is the most primitive form of life.c. The cell is the structual unit of life.d. Cells arise by division of preexisting cells.4. Given that cell structure reflects cell function, what structual features would you predict in the following?a. Cell that line the digestive tract and take up nutrients across the wall of the intestine into the blood.b. Cells that synthesize and secrete protein such as an insulin producing cell from the pancreas or an antibody-producing lymphocyte.1. Fill in: A specific tripeptide, sequence, the _____________ is found in one of the repeats and is a central feature of the site responsible for cell binding by fibronectin.2. True or false:Although most types of collagen assemble into fibrilsl type**** collagen assembles into a shoetlike network that forms the core of all basal lamina.3. The addition of peptide within RGD sequence would probably ________ the binding of cultured cells to a fibronectin coated dish.a. enhanceb. inhibitc. have no effect ond. none of the above。
2022年中山大学生物科学专业《微生物学》期末试卷B(有答案)
2022年中山大学生物科学专业《微生物学》期末试卷B(有答案）一、填空题1、在没有显微镜的条件下，通过观察生长在______上的______形状或生长在______上的______现象，可推测某细菌可能长有鞭毛。
2、艾滋病全名为______，其病原体称为______，英文简写为______。
3、Calvin循环可分______、______和______3个阶段。
4、微生物的营养类型可分为______、______、______和______。
5、菌物界中的菌物是指一大群______、______、______的真核微生物，一般包括______、______和______三类。
6、1347年的一场由______引起的瘟疫几乎摧毁了整个欧洲，有1/3的人（约2500万人）死于这场灾难。
7、常用的防腐方法有______、______、______和______等。
8、在工业防霉剂的筛选中，经常要用8种霉菌作为模式试验菌种，如______、______、______和______等。
9、Avery和他的合作者分别用降解DNA、RNA和蛋白质的酶作用于有毒的S型细胞抽提物，然后分别与______混合，结果发现，只有DNA被酶解而遭到破坏的抽提物无转化活性，说明DNA是转化所必须的转化因子。
10、具有免疫原性和反应原性的抗原称为______，具有______而没有______的抗原称为半抗原。
二、判断题11、细菌的芽孢只能由杆菌产生，细菌一旦形成芽孢后，不具有运动和繁殖的能力。
（）12、从元素水平来看，微生物与动物和植物的要求都很接近，从营养要素的角度来看，它们之间也很相似，故存在“营养上的统一性”。
（）13、在化能自养细菌中，呼吸链除具有产能功能外，还具有产[H]的功能。
（）14、昆虫病毒的多角体蛋白，其性质一般是酸溶性结晶蛋白。
（）15、真菌的菌丝都是由分生孢子萌发产生芽管并经延伸而成。
（）16、DNA-DNA杂交主要用于种、属水平上的分类研究，而进行亲缘关系更远（属以上等级）分类单元的比较，则需进行DNA-rRNA杂交。
中山大学《医学英语写作二专业》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷
2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷1、Sarah ______ change her mind, even though she knew the plan was hard to carry out. A．mustn’t B．wouldn’tC．shouldn’t D．needn’t2、It's ________ me why Alice gave up her job and got married.A．under B．above C．over D．beyond3、______ to success can’t defeat us. Instead, they can only make us stronger.A．Attempts B．BarriersC．Contributions D．Access4、—I believe it is the only solution to this problem.—That’s debatable, I think. I can five other solutions as good as that.A．come up with B．make up with C．live up with D．keep up with5、---Where is the plane？I can't see it.---It went off its ________________ to keep away from the sudden storm.A．course B．roadC．flight D．direction6、Having battled with their _______ over whether to offer help to an aged man or womanwho has fallen over, most people choose to help.A．compromise B．contradictionC．conscience D．competence7、This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, ________.A．however much it may cost B．no matter how it may costC．how much may it cost D．however many it may cost8、He has no idea what the book is about．He have read it very carefully．A．needn’t B．shouldn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t9、Interest is as ________ to learning as the ability to understand，even more so.A．vital B．availableC．specific D．similar10、— Can you tell me something about _________ science.— OK. _ Nobel Prize in Chemistry is usually awarded to Americans.A．the; The B．/; The C．a; / D．the; /第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
考研真题：广东中山大学2021年[英语]考试真题
![考研真题：广东中山大学2021年[英语]考试真题](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/4409498cf424ccbff121dd36a32d7375a417c66a.png)
考研真题：广东中山大学2021年[英语]考试真题SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.1.A.ignore B.prote Ct C. DisCuss D.resolve2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret3.A.rise st C.hurt D.misleaD4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat5.A.trial B.message C.review D. Con Cept6.A.remove B. Deliver C.weaken D.interrupt7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though8.A.Change B. Continue C. Disappear D.happen9.A.suCh as B.rather than C.regar Dless of D.owing to10.A. Disagree B.forgive C. DisCover D.forget11.A.pay B.fooD C.marriage D.sChooling12.A.Begin with B.rest on C.leaD to D.learn from13.A.inquiry B.withDrawal C.persistenCe D.DiligenCe14.A.self- DeCeptive B.self-reliant C.self-evi Dent D.self- DestruCtive15.A.traCe B. Define C.repla Ce D.resist16.A. Con Ceal B.overlook C. Design D.pre Di Ct17.A. Choose B.remem Ber C.promise D.preten D18.A.relief B.out Come C.plan D. Duty19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether20.A.limitations B.investments C. Consequen Ces D.strategiesSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the Americaneconomy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.ed to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummetingprices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path toeconomic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years. While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”(Line 3，Para.2)is closest in meaning to.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of theWhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currentlyplotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power.But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them.The users of their services are not their customers.That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies. The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants’customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic”approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deepscheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,Ishould have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. Just say itB. Be presentC. Pay a unique complimentD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the “me too”sF. Skip the small talkG. Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.____________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. It feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say“Hi”.42.____________It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and“what’s going on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45.____________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward! So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section ⅢTranslation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.Section ⅣWritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to1)apologize and explain the situation, and2)suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use“Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address.(10 points)Part B48. Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)。
2018年广东中山大学细胞生物学考研真题
2018年广东中山大学细胞生物学考研真题2018年广东中山大学细胞生物学考研真题一、填空题（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分。
请按顺序把答案写在答卷簿上，并注明题号）1.恩格斯之所以说细胞学说是19世纪的三大发明之一，这是因为细胞学说____________________。
2.2017年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予来自美国的三位遗传学家：杰弗里·霍尔，迈克尔·罗斯巴什以及迈克尔·扬，以表彰他们在____________________方面做出的贡献。
3.2017年度诺贝尔化学奖授予瑞士洛桑大学科学家雅克·迪波什，美国哥伦比亚大学科学家约阿基姆·弗兰克，英国剑桥大学科学家理查德·亨德森，以表彰他们在____________________方面做出的贡献。
4.红细胞质膜中的带3蛋白具有阴离子转运功能，所以带3蛋白又被称为____________________。
5.胚胎发育早期形成的三个胚层基本上决定了它们的发育方向，如外胚层将要发育成____________________。
二、选择题（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分。
请将所选的答案写在答卷簿上，并简要说明选择的依据，不说明不得分，同时标明题号）1.下列关于细胞死亡的意义，除（）之外都是正确的。
A.调节细胞数量；B.控制细胞质量；C.抑制细胞分裂；D.预防肿瘤的发生。
2.如果在中期染色体移动时，某一侧的动粒受到破坏，则这一侧的染色体将会：A.移向相反的一侧；B.停留在原地；C.停在细胞的中央；D.附着到另外的微管。
3.在减数分裂中，下列哪个时期持续的时间最长？A.ProphaseⅠ（前期Ⅰ）；B.PrometaphaseⅠ（早中期Ⅰ）；C.TelophaseⅠ（末期Ⅰ）；D.ProphaseⅡ（前期Ⅱ）；E.PrometaphaseⅡ（早中期Ⅱ）。
4.植物与动物有不同的发育模式，并且有非常不同的生活方式。
[中山大学]细胞生物学资料(习题+答案+重点+总结)细胞生物学习题.docx
![[中山大学]细胞生物学资料(习题+答案+重点+总结)细胞生物学习题.docx](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/72f78225c1c708a1294a4481.png)
细胞生物学第1讲自学测试题一. 名词解释(每题2分，共20分)1.原核细胞(prokaryotic cell)2.自组装(self assembly)3.原生质(protoplasm)4.结构域(domain)5.模板组装(template assembly)6.原生质体(protoplast)7.细胞生物学(cell Biology)8.类病毒(viroid)9.肮病毒(prion)10.酶效应组装(enzymatic assembly)二. 填空题(每空格1分，共40分)1.、、被誉为19世纪自然科学的三大发现。
2.人的细胞基因组中约有个功能基因。
3.没有细胞壁的细胞称为,细胞中含有细胞核及其它细胞器的部分称为,将细胞内的物质离心后得到的可溶相称为, 或。
4.脱去细胞壁的植物、微生物的细胞叫 o5.细胞是由包围着含有所组成o6.真核生物与原核生物最主要的差别是：前者具有,后者只有。
7.植物中多糖作为细胞结构成分主要是参与的形成。
8.细胞是的基本单位，是由包围着所组成。
与之间的部分叫细胞质。
动物细胞和植物细胞在表面结构上的主要差别是。
9.由于真核生物具有核膜，所以，其RNA的转录和蛋白质的合成是进行的；而原核生物没有核膜,所以RNA转录和蛋白质的合成是的。
10.细胞的共性包括、、、.11.生命科学的四大基础学科是①；②；③；④O12.细胞是生命活动的基本单位，因为细胞是的基础，是的基本单位，是__________________ 基本单位，是的基本单位。
13.世界上所有的生物可归纳为三界，它们是生物、生物和生物。
14.体现所有生命特征的单位是。
15.生命同一性和生命多样性的分子基础分别是和 O三. 判断题(每题1分，共14分)1.从细胞内生物大分了的组装方式看，DNA和RNA都是复制组装，即都是以自身为模板合成一个完全相同的分子。
2.胞质溶胶含有膜结合细胞器，如溶酶体。
3.原生动物是复杂的生物，它有一套特化细胞形成的组织，如鞭毛、口部、刺射器以及足状附器。
中山大学入学考试英语分级考试真题
中山大学珠海校区灯谜协会中山大学英语分级考试温馨提示：非英语专业的师弟师妹们注意啦，你们开学后即将迎来英语分级考试，为了让你们更好地参加英语分级考试，灯谜协会的师兄师姐们帮你们整理了一份料，内容有05、06、07、08的试卷，08的听力缺，但有MP3。
部分有答案。
希望它对你们的英语分级考试能起到一定的帮助。
祝大家好运啦!同时欢迎大家加入到我们中大这个大家庭，预祝大家有一个丰富多彩的大学生活！中山大学英语分级考试，说白了就是对大一新生的英语水平进行测定，以方便英语教学，以及后来的四、六级考试。
大学英语基础课程分为四个等级，对应四本书，每个学期教一本书。
分级考试后，学生会被分到一、二、三级班（没有四级班）注意事项：1. 2010年的英语分级考试将在9月10日下午15:00-17:00举行。
2. 中大对作弊抓得很严，千万别作弊，不然学士学位就没了。
3.听力部分是需要借助收音机（包括耳机）的，在以后的英语期末考、四六级考试中也要用到收音机。
同学们可以在入学时就在学校内超市里购买，也可从家里带来。
【质量好一点，不然以后英语考试会比较郁闷】中山大学珠海校区灯谜协会目录2008年分级考试试卷 (3)Part Ⅰ Listening comprehension (25%) (3)Part Ⅱ Reading comprehension (1%,20%) (3)Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (35% ) (7)Part Ⅳ Close (1%, 20%) (10)Part Ⅴ . Oral Communication (11)Part Ⅴ . 参考答案 (12)2007年分级考试试卷 (11)Part Ⅰ Listening comprehension (25%) (13)Part Ⅱ Reading comprehension (1%,20%) (18)Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (35% ) (23)Part Ⅳ Close (1%, 20%) (29)2006年分级考试试卷 (31)Part Ⅰ Listening comprehension (25%) (31)Part Ⅱ Reading comprehension (1%,20%) (35)Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (35% ) (39)Part Ⅳ Close (1%, 20%) (42)2005年分级考试试卷 (44)Part Ⅰ Listening comprehension (25%) (44)Part Ⅱ Reading comprehension (1%,20%) (46)Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (35% ) (51)Part Ⅳ Close (1%, 20%) (53)Edited by Foxit Reader Copyright(C) by Foxit Corporation,2005-2010For Evaluation Only.2008年中山大学英语分级考试试卷Part ⅠListeningPart ⅡReading comprehension (1%,20%)Directions：There are 4 passages in this part. Each passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage：A third of Britons are overweight, states a report published in January by the Royal Collegeof Physicians, the result of an 18-month-long study. About five per cent of the children weigh too much, and are likely to stay that way for life; in the mid-twenties age group the proportion of fat people rises to a third, and of the middle-age population half are overweight.Fat people risk severe health problem, says the report, including high blood pressure, breathlessness, and various forms of heart disease. Smoking is particularly risky for overweight people.The safest way to lose weight is to eat cereals, bread, fruit and vegetables, and cut down on fatty meats, butter and sweet foods. Fat diets do far more harm than good; slimming machines that vibrate muscles have not been proved useful; saunas merely remove a little body water, and health farms, says the report, serve as expensive holidays.Exercise is most important to health, the report emphasizes; though it doesn't necessarily reduce weight, it maintains the correct proportion of body fat to body muscle. And it isn't only for the young. From middle age a minimum of 20 minutes of gentle physical jerks should be practiced three times a week.The report advocates several public health measures to combat the high prevalence of overweight in this country. They include an increase of tax on alcohol to reduce its increasing, and dangerously fattening, consumption; and the provision of more sports facilities by local authorities. Britain's doctors, the report concludes, must learn to be more sympathetic and specific in their advice to the overweight, encouraging a change in eating habits on a long-term basis, and taking into account the many -often complex - reasons why fat people are fat31. The passage mainly talks about_______.A. Britons' overweight problemB. how to avoid getting overweightC. the cause of Britons overweightD. the relations between overweight and health problems32. According to the report, a person is most likely to stay fat for the whole of his life ifhe________.A. gets fat in his twentiesB. gets fat in his middle ageC. was born fatD. gets fat when he is a child33. The report suggests that exerciseA. is a way to reduce weightB. is a sure way to keep one healthyC. sometimes increases weightD. can convert fat to muscle34. The report points out that drinking too much alcoholA. will also cause a person to get overweightB. will cause a person to do less sportC. will make a person forget the fact that he is fatD. will lead a person to bad eating habits35. Britain’s doctors, when treating the overweight, shouldA. encourage a long-term diet for everyoneB. be more considerate and give detailed adviceC. first consider why so many people are overweightD. do all of the abovePassage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage：Knowing ahead of time how to get out during a fire can save needed time. The best way outin a fire is the route you use to go in and out everyday. Yet in a fire this route may be blocked. Be sure to plan other escape routes.Practice your escape plan an night when it is dark. Be sure that your plan is good and will work. For instance, make sure that a child can actually open the window he is supposed to use for his escape. Teach children to close their bedroom doors. Tell them to will by an open window until someone can reach them from outside. If an adult cannot be wakened, children should understand that they must leave by themselves.Choose a meeting place outside. This way you can tell if everyone is safely out of the building. Know where nearby telephones or fire alarm boxes are found. If you live in an apartment, try to get everyone out. Learn where the fire alarm is in the building. Your family should know what the fire alarm bell or horn sounds like. They should know what to do when they hear it. Try to get the other families in your building together to have fire drills. Write down the telephone number of the fire department. Ta pe the number to each phone. Don’t forget to let the babysitter in on your plans. Tell your babysitter what to do in case of fire.Early warning is the key to a safe escape. It has been shown time and time again that a family can escape if warned early enough.36. Which of the following statements is true?A. You must take the route you use to go in and out in a fire.B. The route is always blocked in a fire.C. You should not rely on one route during a fire.D. During a fire, planning escape route can save you needed time.37. Which is the best advice for children during a fire?A. Children should awaken an adult before they leave.B. Children should close the bedroom doors and windows.C. Children should jump out of window even though they are in a high place.D. Children should open a window and wait there for help.38. People who live in apartment should______.A. practice the plan togetherB. make sure they know the fire chief.C. not have to pay for insuranceD. do fire drills separately39. If you are trapped in a bedroom during a fire, you should______.A. hide under the bed.B. stand in a cornerC. lie still.D. close the bedroom doors.40. When the best time to practice escape plan?A. At duskB. In the afternoonC. In the morningD. At nightPassage ThreeQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage：Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kindsof people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed. Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements. Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies(一分为二). This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.41. The passage is mainly discussing _______.A. two different societiesB. the necessity of social changeC. certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occurD. certain factors that promote social change42. ______ is one of the factors that tend to promote social change.A. Joint interestB. Advanced technologyC. Different points of viewD. Less emotional people43. The expression greater tolerance（paragraph 1）refers to _____.A. greater willingness to accept social changeB. quicker adaptation to changing circumstancesC. more respect for different beliefs and behaviorD. greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas44. According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true？A. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.B. Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change.C. Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.D. Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young.45. Why has change not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to white people?A. Black people used to be slavesB. White people are of more different originsC. Black people are poorD. White people like to make shape changePassage fourQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage：Most employers say that they wish to employ the right person for the right job. A recent report by Britain's Independent Institute of Manpower Studies，however，disagrees with this. The report states that most employers wish to avoid employing the wrong person. Rather than looking for the right person，they are looking for applicants to turn down. The report also suggests that in Britain and in many other parts of the world，the selection methods used to pick out the right person for the job certainly do not match up to those used to judge a piece of new equipment. Employers used three main selection methods: interviewing，checking resume or application forms and examining references. Most of the employers asked in this survey stated that these selection methods were used more for “weeding out” unsuitable applicants rather than for finding suitable ones. Interviews were considered to be more reliable than either resume checks or references from past employers. Research，however，proves otherwise. Interviewers’decisions are often strongly influenced by their earlier judgment of the written application. Also，different employers view facts differently. One may consider applicants who have frequently changed jobs as people with broad and useful experience. Another will see such applicants as unreliable and unlikely to stay for long in the new job. Some employers place great importance on academic qualifications whereas the link between this and success in management is not necessarily strong. Some employers use handwriting as a standard. The report states that there is little evidence to support the value of the latter for judging working ability. References，also，are sometime unreliable as they are not very important，while checks on credit and security records and applicants' political opinions are often the opposite. The report is more favorable towards trainability tests and those which test personality and personal and mental skills. The report concludes by suggesting that interviewing could become more reliable if the questions were arranged in a careful，organized system and focused on the needs of the employing organization.46. According o the passage, when most employers want to hire workers, _______.A. they will try to find suitable peopleB. they will look for the right applicantC. the wrong applicants are to be turned downD. to turn down the wrong people is what they say they aim to do47. It is implied that ______.A. to evaluate a right person is more difficult than to evaluate equipmentB. employers are more successful in selecting the right equipment than the right personsC. criteria will be set up according to the real situation of the applicantsD. curriculum vitae means application forms48. Most of the recruiters ______.A. consult the applicantsB. can find suitable peoplesC. prefer curriculum vitae or referencesD. use different ways to sort out the unsuitable applicants49. Which of the following is True?A. Employers get different conclusions from the facts.B. Changing jobs frequently will reduce the change to be recruited.C. Academic qualifications will guarantee the applicant managing ability.D. Handwriting is a valid way to evaluate an applicant.50. It can be inferred from the passage that successful employees will be those who _____.A. have outstanding referencesB. are strong in emotional quotientC. take interviewing seriouslyD. have strong political leaningsPart ⅢVocabulary and Structure (35% )Section A (1%, 30%)Directions: there are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 51. They had a fierce _____ as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago.A. crashB. debateC. contestD. disagreement52. The early pioneers had to _____ many hardships to settle on the new land.A. go in forB. go back onC. go throughD. go on53. The local health organization is reported _____ twenty-five years ago when Dr.Audon became its first president.A. to be set upB. to have been set upC. being set upD. having been set up54. He invented a plough _____ any other in existence.A. far superior toB. more superior thanC. more superior toD. much superior than55. He is watching TV? He is _____ to be cleaning his room.A. knownB. consideredC. regardedD. supposed56. As scheduled, the communication satellite went into _____ round the earth.A. circleB. pathC. orbitD. course57. If this bill is not paid within five days, your gas supply will be _____.A. abandonedB. cut offC. turned downD. lost touch58. When no one answered the door, she _____ through the window to see if anyone was there.A. spottedB. inquiredC. scannedD. peered59. I don’t want to lend any money to him; he is already in debt _____ me.A. forB. toC. ofD. with60. Nowadays advertising cost money to him; he is already in debt _____ me.A. connectionB. reactionC. relationD. proportion61. A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is _____ conditions or events.A. in contract toB. in favor toC. in response toD. in case of62. She said she liked dancing but was not in the _____ for it just then.A. mannerB. intentionC. desireD. mood63. The car _____ halfway for no reason and we could not move.A. broke offB. broke downC. broke upD. broke out64. In Britain today women _____ 44% of the workforce and nearly half the mothers with childrenare in paid work.A. build upB. stand forC. make upD. conform to65. The plan seem quite simple to me, but I just can’t _____ to my classmates.A. get it acrossB. get at itC. get it downD. get through it66. A man who is cruel to his children should be held in _____.A. contextB. contemptC. controversyD. convict67. The villagers were very _____ towards anyone who passed through.A. hospitalB. hospitalizedC. hospiceD. hospitable68. I meant _____ you about it, but I forgot to do so.A. to have toldB. to have been toldC. to tellD. telling69. The American society is _____ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.A. originated fromB. established onC. come fromD. turned out70. The French pianist who had been praised very highly _____ to be a great disappointment.A. turned upB. turned inC. turned downD. turned out71. Joe differs from his brother _____ he is very diligent while his brother is included to idleness.A. in whereB. in whichC. in whatD. in that72. –Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?–I’m afraid _____ day is possible.A. eitherB. neitherC. someD. both73. _____, he cannot succeed.A. Try as he mayB. As he may tryC. Try may he asD. How may he try74. Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can’t remember _____.A. whereB. whichC. thereD. that75. Only yesterday _____ that they had wronged their son.A. did the parent realizeB. the parent realizedC. the parent were realizedD. were the parent realized76. After I heard that I took a deferred pass in botany (植物学) , I was in a _____ emotional state.A. doubtfullyB. highlyC. greatlyD. nervously77. The staff proposed that wages _____.A. have been raisedB. be raisedC. have to be raisedD. were to be raised78. _____ the advance of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.A. As forB. BesidesC. ExceptD. Despite79. It sounds ridiculous but true that millions of people _____ to see the sun rise if they _____ pay for it.A. would have got up…had had toB. may get up…have toC. would get up…had toD. could get up…have to80. By using space technology China can predict natural disasters _____, Luan said.A. far more precisely than generally thoughtB. far precisely as generally thoughtC. more precisely than generally thinkingD. more precisely that of general thoughtSection B (0.5%, 10%)Directions: From the four choices given below the statements, choose the ONE that is closest in meaning to the underlined part in the sentence.81. Many cinema-goers were stunned by the film’s violent and tragic end.A. shockedB. disappointedC. indifferentD. angry82. The villages raked the district for a trace of the missing boy.A. exploredB. trampedC. exploitedD. combed83. Few countries today enjoy prosperous economy.A. staticB. assumedC. poorD. flourishing84. Collins was so seriously injured that he was unable to continue his career.A. resumedB. assumedC. consumedD. ensure85. Miss Baker’s respond to your request seemed gratifying.A. pleasingB. shrewdC. overwhelmingD. threatening86. You have to pay a premium for express delivery.A. extra tipB. extra changeC. extra bonusD. extra price87. The runaway had been in flight for a couple of days and was caught at the entrance to the library this morning.A. by planeB. in the long runC. on the runD. by air88. After many failures, his eventual success surprised all of us.A. finalB. outstandingC. exceptionalD. full89. Please express my good wish to your parents. I haven’t met them for years.A. informB. amuseC. denyD. convey90. There are so few bald eagles left in America that many people fear they are in danger of extinct.A. dyingB. dying outC. dying downD. dying awayPart ⅣClose (1%, 20%)Direction: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Historians tend to tell the same joke when they are describing history education in America.It’s the one __91__ the teacher standing in the schoolroom door __92__ goodbye to students for the summer and calling __93__ them, “By the way, we won World War II.”The problem with the joke, of course, is that it’s __94__ funny. The recent s urveys on __95__ illiteracy (无知) are beginning to numb (令人震惊): nearly one third of American 17-year-olds cannot even __96__ which countries the United States __97__ against in that war. One third have no __98__ when the Declaration of Independence was __99__. One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750. Two thirds cannot correctly __100__ the Civil War between 1850 and 1900. __101__ when they get the answers right, some are __102__ guessing.Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be __103__ connected to loss of international __104__. But it does affect our future __105__ a democratic nation and as individuals. The __106__ news is that there is growing agreement __107__ what is wrong with the __108__ of history and what needs to be __109__ to fix it. The steps are tentative (尝试性)__110__ yet to be felt in most classrooms.91. A. about B. in C. for D. by92. A. shaking B. waving C. nodding D. speaking93. A. in B. after C. for D. up94. A. rarely B. so C. too D. not95. A. historical B. educational C. cultural D. political96. A. distinguish B. acknowledge C. identify D. convey97. A. defeated B. attacked C. fought D. struck98. A. sense B. doubt C. reason D. idea99. A. printed B. signed C. marked D. edited100. A. place B. judge C. get D. lock101. A. Even B. Though C. Thus D. So102. A. hardly B. just C. still D. ever103. A. exclusively B. practically C. shortly D. directly104. A. competitiveness B. comprehensionC. communityD. commitment105. A. of B. for C. with D. as106. A. fine B. nice C. surprising D. good107. A. to B. with C. on D. of108. A. consulting B. coaching C. teaching D. instructing109. A. done B. dealt C. met D. reached110. A. therefore B. or C. and D. asPart Ⅴ. Oral CommunicationSection A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In the section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that appropriately suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet a single line through the center.111. [A]: The chocolate cake is very good today.[B]: _____.A. Yes, I’ve to consider it carefullyB. No, I can’t afford itC. Yes, I’ll have it tomorrow, not todayD. No, thanks. I’ll have an apple pie with ice cream on the top112. [A]: _____[B]: I have only a bottle of Brandy and a painting.A. Do you have anything to declare?B. What have you bought abroad?C. What do you have to pay the tax?D. Anything you what me to know?113. *A+: Operator, I’d like to place a call to Beijing, please.[B]: _____A. OK. What are you?B. Just a moment, please.C. All right. How are youD. Sorry, you have to pay.114. [A]: Excuse me. When will the Flight 666 arrive?[B]: _____A. Sorry. I can’t tell you.B. Good. You have missed it.C. Well. It had been delayed.D. OK. Here you are.115. [A]: Have you got the book recommended by our teacher?[B]: _____A. No, I have got itB. No, it have been sold outC. Yes, they don’t sell it.D. Yes, I have one already.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In the section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer to the question from the four choices given. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.116. [Man]: This is Mr. Jones. My heater is not getting any power and the temperature is going to get down below freezing.*Woman+: This is our busiest time of the year, but I’ll speak to one of our men about getting over there sometime today.[Question]: What did the woman mean?A. She would come to fix the man’s heater soon.B. She would send someone to fix the man’s heater.C. She could not come and fix it.D. She was not happy about the heater.117. *Woman+: I feel like it’s only been a few weeks since school started.*Man+: Yes. How time flies! It’s almost time for our final exams.[Question]: What do the speakers imply?A. They didn’t like to study in their school.B. The school year seemed to go by very quickly.C. They’ve been in school for a few days only.D. Though final are over, they have to continue their study.118. [Man]: Are you sure this is the right way to get to the airport? My flight will depart in forty minutes.*Woman+: Sure. This is a shortcut. We’ll be there soon.[Question]: What does the woman mean?A. They have taken a wrong road.B. This way should take less time.C. They will be late because of the bad traffic.D. The road is rough.119. *Woman+: Help yourself to some fish. I hope you’ll like it.[Man]: My doctor told me to keep far from fish.[Question]: What does the man mean?A. He doesn’t like eating fish.B. The woman is not good at cooking fish.C. He thinks the fish is too far from him to get.D. He shouldn’t eat any fish as his doctor told him.120. [Man]: Will you come out this evening and go to cinema with me?[Woman]: That depends on what film the cinema is going to put on.*Question+: What does the woman’s response mean?A. She doesn’t like to go with the man.B. She is more interested in the film than the man.C. She knows there is a good film on.D. She wants the man to tell her where the cinema is.参考答案：31~35 ADBAB 36~40 DDADD 41~45 CCABA46~50 DCDAD 51~55 BCAAD 56~60 CBDBD61~65 CDBCA 66~70 BDCBD 71~75 ABABA76~80 BBDCA 81~85 ADDDA 86~90 BCADB91~95 ABBDA 96~100 CCDBB 101~105 ABDCD106~110 DCCAB 111~115 DCBCB 116~120 BBBDB2007年中山大学英语分级考试试卷Part Ⅰ Listening comprehension (25%)Section A (0.5%, 5%)Directions: In this section, you will hear several statement. Each statement will be read only once. Then there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A,B,C and D, and decide which one is closet in meaning to the statement you have just heard. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.A. Mary did not call billB. Mary called BillC. Mary answered Bill callD. Bill answered Mary call2.A. The Smiths have lived here longer than we haveB. We have lived here longer than the SmithsC. The Smiths have lived here longD. We haven’t lived here long and neither have the Smiths3.A. Bob enjoys swimming mostB. Bod enjoys lying on the beach mostC. Bob likes swimming and then sitting in the sun bestD. To Bob, swimming and sitting on the beach are a waste of time4.A. He never walks to the library at nightB. There is only one librarian here at nightC. The library is the only place to stay atD. He never works in the library in the daytime5.A. The children went home before finishing their gameB. One child left earlier than the others。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Sicily题目分类sicily 1198 贪心，8个串排出最小字典序,8!枚举sicily 1029 递推简单sicily 1028 梵塔问题-> 分治，归纳-> 有意思但要留意其数据规模较大sicily 1193 递推较难sicily 1021 简单题-> 规模原来很大-> 难->数据结构: 栈sicily 1176 两人从两头取数例2.1 倒蛇阵填数sicily 1150 简单魔板sicily 1151 魔板B，要求写解题报告sicily 1515 魔板Csicily 1007 数组与下标（二维数组）简单sicily 1036 数组与下标（二维数组）简单sicily 1027 简单sicily 1006 栈与回溯简单5!搜索sicily 1156 深搜指针简单树的遍历sicily 1034 队列与搜索sicily 1443 基本队列操作sicily 1152 简单的马周游问题sicily 1153 马周游问题,要求写解题报告sicily 1093 枚举sicily 1050 回溯DFS求5个数可否运算得到目标数, 否则输出可得到的小于目标数的最大数.sicily 1134 积木分发, 贪心:从小到大排序sicily 1140 国王的遗产,贪心:砍不大于n/2个节点的最大树枝sicily 1211 分治求两点间L步到达的方法数sicily 1381 a*b 高精度sicily 1206 数值计算;解方程sicily 1438 排序，隔三求和sicily 1172 染色模拟sicily 1022 Poor contestant Prob, 两个堆sicily 1310 Right-Heavy Tree,笛卡尔树相关，复杂度O(N)或O(NlogN)。
sicily 1194 Message Flood, 哈希或排序或平衡二叉树sicily 1375 Balanced lineup, 哈希sicily 1426 Phone List,电话号码前缀检索，trie树相关sicily 1342 开心的金明, 背包sicily 1519 Longest Common Subsequencesicily 1211 商人的宣传sicily 1176 Two endssicily 1077 Cash Machinesicily 1501 Minimalsicily 1280 Permutationsicily 1172 Queens, Knights and Pawns 染色模拟sicily 1193 Up the Stairs 搬箱子上楼梯.sicily 1350. Piggy banks，求一个所有点的入度都是1的图上的环的数目sicily 1031. Campus，直接的最短路径问题sicily 1090. Highways，求生成树，使得树上的最长边最短sicily 1424. 奖金，拓扑排序sicily 1423. 魔王bug的2色定理，最小割（用最大流求解）sicily 1317. Sudoku, 搜索sicily 1215. 脱离地牢, 搜索sicily 1293, uva 100, pc 110101, 3n+1数链问题, 难度1sicily 1813 M进制数问题sicily 1157 The hardest problem. 简单大小比较，难度0sicily 1830 SZ Fibonacci Sequence, 递归函数, 难度0sicily 1668 Score, 分支语句的使用, 难度0sicily 1147 谁拿了最多奖学金. 结构体、数组、分支，难度1sicily 1795 Table tennis, 几何题，难度0sicily 1798 Alice and Bob, 策略，难度1sicily 1510 Mispelling, 字符串，难度0sicily 1561 PRIME Number, 难度1sicily 1007 To and Fro, 二维数组, 难度1sicily 1036 Crypto Columns, 二维数组,字符串,排序, 难度1*************************数据结构*************************sicily 1200 Stick. 简单查找配对，或排序或用set，难度1sicily 1934 移动小球. 线性表，难度2sicily 1509 Rails. 难度2sicily 1768 双栈排序sicily 1021 couples. 栈，难度2sicily 1006 Team Rankings, 栈与回溯, 难度1, 5!搜索sicily 1443 Printer Queue, 基本队列操作sicily 1210 二叉树, 二叉树遍历顺序先后中转换，挺经典的。
sicily 1375 Balanced lineup, 哈希sicily 1194 Message Flood, 单词查找, 排序后二分查找，或哈希或平衡二叉树sicily 1022 Poor contestant Prob, 两个堆*************************字符串相关*************************sicily 1027 MJ, Nowhere to Hide, 难度1, 直接比较字符串后排个序输出sicily 1133 SPAM, 输出输入字符串里的合法email地址。
sicily 1323 Switch text, 字符串处理。
sicily 1519 Longest Common Subsequence*************************排序和查找*************************sicily 1046 Plane Spotting. 排序. 难度1.sicily 1134 积木分发. 从小到大排序. 难度1.sicily 1795 Simple Sortsicily 1154 Easy sortsicily 1306 Sorting Algorithm. 难度1sicily 1351 Multi-key Sortingsicily 1628 Extended Normal Order Sortsicily 1438 Shopaholic, 排序，隔三求和, 难度1sicily 1046 Plane Spotting, 排序. 难度1sicily 1097 LED Modding, 排序*************************图遍历*************************sicily 1155 Can I Post the letter 判断两点是否可达。
（图的遍历）sicily 1114 Food Cubes. 广度优先遍历给3维空间图染色。
（dfs容易栈溢出）sicily 1156 Binary tree, 深搜, 指针, 树的先序遍历, 难度1sicily 1034 forest, 森林的定义，求最大宽度与深度，深度优先遍历；树, 队列与搜索sicily 1424 奖金, 拓扑排序sicily 1350 Piggy banks 给出每个点出度为1的有向图，求环的个数。
（简单）sicily 1308 Dependencies among Jobs, 图的遍历*************************图算法*************************sicily 1211 商人的宣传, 难度1，有向图矩阵乘法sicily 1031 Campus 单源最短路，dijkstrasicily 1090 Highways 最小生成树sicily 1402 Panic Room 构图求网络最大流sicily 1326 Apple Tree, 建树，求两结点最近公共祖先。
sicily 1303 Job Assignment 二分图的最大权匹配sicily 1423. 魔王bug的2色定理，最小割（用最大流求解）sicily 1192 Guardian of Decency 求最大独立集，比较特殊可以转二分匹配做。
sicily 1211 商人的宣传, 简单题，有向图矩阵乘法，O(n^3*logL)；直接迭代也行,O(n*m*L)。
sicily 1350 Piggy banks 给出每个点出度为1的有向图，求环的个数。
（简单）sicily 1423 魔王bug的2色定理构图求网络的最小割。
*************************搜索：回溯，启发式搜索，剪枝*************************sicily 1002 Anti-Prime Sequences. 搜索，回溯。
难度2.sicily 1048 Inverso. 广度优先搜索BFS，二进制表示状态判重。
难度3sicily 1835 N Queens Problem. 搜索，回溯。
sicily 1444 Prime Path. 广度优先搜索sicily 1215 脱离地牢. 有限制的迷宫求两人相遇的最小步骤。
（广度优先搜索）sicily 1317 Sudoku. 数独求解的个数。
sicily 1180 Pasting Strings 给10个字符串，求一个排列使得某种权和最大，全排列搜索。
sicily 1024 Magic Island. 无向图的最长路，深度优先搜索DFS. 难度2sicily 1050 Numbers & Letters 回溯DFS求5个数可否运算得到目标数, 否则输出可得到的小于目标数的最大数.sicily 1135 飞越原野最短时间过地图，广度优先搜索.sicily 1107 Simple Puzzle 按题意搜索，有可能有前置零，输出排序.sicily 1150 简单魔板广度优先搜索，全排列的hash函数设计sicily 1151 魔板广度优先搜索，全排列的hash函数设计sicily 1152 简单的马周游问题，迷宫问题的可行性剪枝.sicily 1153 马周游问题。
同上，扩展状态节点的时候按目标函数值排序。
sicily 1378 八数码问题. 启发式搜索。
*************************动态规划*************************sicily 1001 Alphacode. dp基本题. 难度2sicily 1049 Mondriaan. 2*1跟1*1的砖铺成2*n的走道的方法数.sicily 1264 Atomic Car Race. dp基本题.sicily 1342 开心的金明. 背包dpsicily 1146 采药. 01背包, 剩余类dpsicily 1419 On the run(牛奶快递). dpsicily 1019 Apple Tree. 树型dpsicily 1123 The Longest Walk 有向图求任意起终点的无重复点的最长路，状态压缩dp*************************二分法/分治*************************sicily 1017 Rate of Return. 求解方程，二分. 难度2sicily 1211 商人的宣传. 求两点间L步到达的方法数.sicily 1137 河床. 求一个最长的连续区间满足其中的最小数和最大数之差不大于k。