过去分词讲解 PPT课件
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过去分词变化规则ppt课件
1.i—a—u变化。
begin—began—begun drink—drank—drunk sing— sang—sung ring—rang—rung swim—swam—swum sink— sank—sunk
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• 2.词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew， 过去分词在其原形后加n。
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• 10．改变元音字母。
• meet—met—met get—got—got
• sit—sat—sat
find—found—found
• hold—held—held spit—spat—spat
• shine—shone—shone win—won—won
• hang—hung—hung dig— dug—dug
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• 2.词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。
• build—built—built • lend—lent— lent • send—sent—sent • spend—spent— spent
• 3．过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。
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• catch—caught—caught
• 4．把-eep变为-ept。 • keep—kept—kept s • leep—slept—slept • sweep— swept—swept
• drive—drove—driven
• write—wrote—written
• ride— rode—ridden
• rise—rose—risen
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• 4.过去分词在过去式后加（e）n。
• break—broke—broken • choose—chose—chosen • freeze—froze—frozen • speak—spoke—spoken • wake—woke— woken
begin—began—begun drink—drank—drunk sing— sang—sung ring—rang—rung swim—swam—swum sink— sank—sunk
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• 2.词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew， 过去分词在其原形后加n。
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• 10．改变元音字母。
• meet—met—met get—got—got
• sit—sat—sat
find—found—found
• hold—held—held spit—spat—spat
• shine—shone—shone win—won—won
• hang—hung—hung dig— dug—dug
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• 2.词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。
• build—built—built • lend—lent— lent • send—sent—sent • spend—spent— spent
• 3．过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。
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• catch—caught—caught
• 4．把-eep变为-ept。 • keep—kept—kept s • leep—slept—slept • sweep— swept—swept
• drive—drove—driven
• write—wrote—written
• ride— rode—ridden
• rise—rose—risen
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• 4.过去分词在过去式后加（e）n。
• break—broke—broken • choose—chose—chosen • freeze—froze—frozen • speak—spoke—spoken • wake—woke— woken
过去分词的用法非谓语动词的用法讲解课件
学习方法建议
理论与实践相结合
通过例句和实际语境理解过去分
词和非谓语动词的用法，多做练
习，加深理解和记忆。
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对比学习
02 对比现在分词、不定式等其他非 谓语动词的用法，找出异同点， 加深对非谓语动词的理解。
积累例句
多收集有关过去分词和非谓语动
词用法的例句，通过模仿和运用，
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提高语言表达能力。
反思与修正
动名词作为主语、宾语和表语
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动名词作为主语
动名词可以作为主语，表 示一个正在进行或已经完 成的动作，如 "Reading books is a good habit."。
动名词作为宾语
动名词可以作为动词宾语， 表示动作的对象或内容， 如 "I enjoy reading books."。
示例
The meeting ended up with a round of applause.（固定搭配 “end up with”表示“以……结束”）
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练习与巩固
单项选择题
考察基础概念
单项选择题主要考察学生对过去分词非谓语动词基础概念的理解，包括其定义、 形式和用法等。
填空 题
检验知识应用
不定式作为表语
不定式作为补足语
不定式可以作为表语，表示主语的性质、 状态或特征，如"The best way to solve this problem is to communicate with them."。
不定式可以作为补足语，补充说明主语或 宾语的性质、状态或特征，如"He is to be married next month."。
过去分词做状语讲解课件
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过去分词做状语概述
定义和作用
定义
过去分词是一种动词的非谓语形式，它可以在句中担任状语 ，表示行为或状态在主句动作之前发生或存在。
作用
过去分词做状语可以丰富句子的表达方式，使句子更加简洁 、生动。
常见用法和例句
常见用法
过去分词做状语常常用来表示时间、条件、原因、伴随方式等。
例句
Given the opportunity, I would definitely pursue further studies.（如果有机会，我一定会继续深造。）其 中“given”为过去分词做状语，表示条件。
课程目标
帮助学生掌握过去分词做状语的用法，理解其结构和意义，能够在写作和口语 中正确使用。
教学计划和期望效果
教学计划
通过讲解、演示、练习和互动讨论等方式，让学生逐步掌握过去分词做状语的用 法。
期望效果
学生能够理解过去分词做状语的基本概念，掌握其用法规则，并在实际情境中运 用。同时培养学生的英语思维能力和语言表达能力。
与其他语法结构的区别
与现在分词做状语的区别
过去分词做状语表示动作或状态在主句动作之前发生 或存在，而现在分词做状语表示动作或状态与主句动 作同时发生或存在。例如，“Hearing the news, she burst into tears.”（听到消息，她突然大哭起来 。）中“hearing”为现在分词做状语。
识别过去分词做状语的条件
要识别一个过去分词是否可以作为状语，需要看它是否符合两个条件：一是与句子的主语 没有逻辑上的主谓关系；二是与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作没有时间上的先后关系。
制作解析表
为了更好地理解过去分词做状语的用法，可以制作一个解析表，列出不同的情况及其用法 。
过去分词PPT教材课件
I saw her taken out of the classroom.
3. 使役动词: make, get, have, keep ,leave, etc.
e.g. We must get the table cloth washed. = We must ask somebody to wash the table cloth. He had his watch repaired.
e.g. 2. Given more time, I’ll catch up with you. 过去分词作条件状语相当于条件状语从句 (If I am) given more time, I’ll catch up with you. e.g. 3. Born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there. 过去分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句 (Because he was) born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.
常见的这类此有： interesting — interested encouraging — encouraged delighting—delighted disappointing—disappointed pleasing—pleased puzzling—puzzled satisfying—satisfied surprising—surprised worrying--worried
4.在“with / without＋宾语＋宾补(过去分 词)”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动 宾关系。 e.g. Do you know the man with his hair tied back?
过去分词用法总结(共53张PPT)
further study.
adverbial
3. Many students are addicted to playing
computer games.
predicative
4. At work, it is IQ that get you hired but it is EQ that get you promoted.
What is the language that is spoken in Italy?
What is the language spoken in Italy?
Do you know all the artists invited to the party?
Do you know all the artists who were invited to the party?
1.语态上
现在分词: 表示主动的动作 过去分词: 表示已经被动的动作
I heard someone opening the door .
I heard the door opened .
2.时间上
现在分词: 表示正在进行的动作 过去分词: 表示完成的意思
the falling leaves boiling water the rising sun the fallen leaves boiled water the risen sun
Presentation
主讲人：
Underline the past participles and tell the
function
1. The lost time can never be found again.
attribute
《过去分词》课件
例如，cost -> cost, hurt -> hurt
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过去分词的用法
作为谓语使用
总结词
表示被动或完成
详细描述
过去分词在谓语中常用于表示被动或完成的状态，如“The book was borrowed by me yesterday. (这本书昨天被我借走了。)”中的“borrowed”表示被动，“The dishes have been washed. (盘子 已经洗完了。)”中的“washed”表示完成。
要点一
总结词
表示时间、条件、原因等
要点二
详细描述
过去分词可以作为状语，表示时间、条件、原因等，如 “Having finished the work, she went home. (完成工 作后，她回家了。)”中的“Having finished”表示时间 ，“If seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful. (如果从山上俯瞰，这座城市看起来更美。)”中 的“seen”表示条件。
填空题练习
总结词
检验学生的应用能力
详细描述
填空题练习主要检验学生是否能够在具体的 语境中正确运用过去分词。这种题型可以帮 助学生更好地理解过去分词的用法，并提高 他们的语言应用能力。
翻译题练习
总结词
提升学生的语言转换能力
详细描述
翻译题练习主要通过英汉互译的方式，让学 生在实际操作中加深对过去分词的理解和运 用。这种题型可以帮助学生提高语言转换能
过去分词
强调动作的完成和结果，常与时间状 语连用，表示某个动作在某个时间点 之前已经完成。
现在分词
强调动作的进行和过程，常与时间状 语连用，表示某个动作正在进行中。
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过去分词的用法
作为谓语使用
总结词
表示被动或完成
详细描述
过去分词在谓语中常用于表示被动或完成的状态，如“The book was borrowed by me yesterday. (这本书昨天被我借走了。)”中的“borrowed”表示被动，“The dishes have been washed. (盘子 已经洗完了。)”中的“washed”表示完成。
要点一
总结词
表示时间、条件、原因等
要点二
详细描述
过去分词可以作为状语，表示时间、条件、原因等，如 “Having finished the work, she went home. (完成工 作后，她回家了。)”中的“Having finished”表示时间 ，“If seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful. (如果从山上俯瞰，这座城市看起来更美。)”中 的“seen”表示条件。
填空题练习
总结词
检验学生的应用能力
详细描述
填空题练习主要检验学生是否能够在具体的 语境中正确运用过去分词。这种题型可以帮 助学生更好地理解过去分词的用法，并提高 他们的语言应用能力。
翻译题练习
总结词
提升学生的语言转换能力
详细描述
翻译题练习主要通过英汉互译的方式，让学 生在实际操作中加深对过去分词的理解和运 用。这种题型可以帮助学生提高语言转换能
过去分词
强调动作的完成和结果，常与时间状 语连用，表示某个动作在某个时间点 之前已经完成。
现在分词
强调动作的进行和过程，常与时间状 语连用，表示某个动作正在进行中。
过去分词变化规则-PPT课件
2.词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在 其原形后加n。
blow—blew—blown draw—drew—drawn grow— grew—grown know—knew—known throw—threw—thrown （show除外）
3.词尾为“i＋辅（1个）＋e”，过去式将i变为o，过去 分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或 t后加n。（give，hide除外）
过去分词的用法
表示动作的完成 或者被动
一.AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）
cost（花费）cost--cost cut（割）--cut--cut hit（打）--hit-- hit hurt 伤害）--hurt-- hurt let（让）--let --let put（放）--put --put read （读）--read-- read
11.改变元、辅音字母。
leave—left—left stand—stood—stood have（has）— had—had understand—understood—understood
五.ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）
1.i—a—u变化。
begin—began—begun drink—drank—drunk sing— sang—sung ring—rang—rung swim—swam—swum sink— sank—sunk
2.词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。
build—built—built lend—lent— lent send—sent—sent spend—spent— spent
3．过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。
过去分词PPT课件
Ⅰ. Finish the following exercises.
1. If I had the chance, I would have a c_l_o_n_e_d_ (clone) baby.
A.clone C. cloning
B. to clone D. cloned
If I had the chance, I would have a baby w__h_o_i_s_c_l_o_n_e_d_.
规律（1）：
单个的及物动词-ed形式作定语往往置于被修饰词_前___
(前/后)，表示__被__动__或__完__成___(主动/进行/被动/完成)
意义，可改写成动词用__被__动____(主动/被动)形式的
_定__语__从__句___。
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* 过去分词短语作定语，置于被修饰词的后面 ，同样可改成定语从句。
finish-finished know-known complete-completed fall-fallen imagine-imagined forget-forgotten
规则动词的过去分词直接在动词词尾加
上-ed或 -d ， 不规则动词的过去分词有不 规则的变化，需要单独记忆。
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work in the USA, a
developed country.
Now he lives in the
countryside. He is
taking a walk on the
path(小路) which is
covered with fallen
leaves.
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1. What does fallen leaves mean?
过去分词课件PPT课件
Grammar
动词-ed形式作定语 动词-ed形式作表语 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 动词-ed形式作状语
第1页/共55页
一、动词-ed形式作定语
过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很 紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词
形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当
动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾 语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。 在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾 语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子 改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主 语补足语。
第17页/共55页
People found the girl beaten black and blue． 人们发现这个女孩被打得青一块紫一块。 (宾语补足语) The girl was found beaten black and blue． (主语补足语)
He grew much tired of the work．
他十分厌倦这工作。
He seemed quite delighted at the idea.
听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 第12页/共55页
高考题
1) Cleaning women in big cities usually get
____ by the hour. (NMET98)
I have never heard him spoken ill of others.
我从未听过有人说他的坏话。
She felt a great weight taken off her mind．
她觉得心里轻松了些。
They considered the matter settled．
动词-ed形式作定语 动词-ed形式作表语 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 动词-ed形式作状语
第1页/共55页
一、动词-ed形式作定语
过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很 紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词
形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当
动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾 语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。 在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾 语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子 改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主 语补足语。
第17页/共55页
People found the girl beaten black and blue． 人们发现这个女孩被打得青一块紫一块。 (宾语补足语) The girl was found beaten black and blue． (主语补足语)
He grew much tired of the work．
他十分厌倦这工作。
He seemed quite delighted at the idea.
听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 第12页/共55页
高考题
1) Cleaning women in big cities usually get
____ by the hour. (NMET98)
I have never heard him spoken ill of others.
我从未听过有人说他的坏话。
She felt a great weight taken off her mind．
她觉得心里轻松了些。
They considered the matter settled．
过去分词用法-PPT课件
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定语
3. 被修饰词是由 不定代词 Every/ some/ any/no + thing/ body 所构成的，V-ed后置。 例：有人受伤吗？ Is anybody injured?
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定语
4. V-ed 短语做（后置）定语，相当于定语从句 He is reading a novel written by Lu Xun. He is reading a novel (which was) written by Lu Xun.
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宾语补足语
• 3. 表“希望”、“要求”、“命令” 等 • 如 like, want, wish, order……
例：我可不想我的女儿天黑以后被带出去 I don’t want my daughter to be taken out after dark.
* Want to do sth. Want sb./ sth. done (被动）
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宾语补足语
• (to) V./ V-ing/ V-ed 作宾补的区别 I saw him take away the book just now. 主动（结果） I saw him taking away the book on the desk正. 在（过程） I saw the book taken away by a child. 被动
* See sb./ sth. done
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宾语补足语
2. 表“使让” 使役动词（let, make, get, keep, leave, have) + V-ed, 表使让。
It was so cold that the driver couldn’t get the car started.
定语
3. 被修饰词是由 不定代词 Every/ some/ any/no + thing/ body 所构成的，V-ed后置。 例：有人受伤吗？ Is anybody injured?
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定语
4. V-ed 短语做（后置）定语，相当于定语从句 He is reading a novel written by Lu Xun. He is reading a novel (which was) written by Lu Xun.
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宾语补足语
• 3. 表“希望”、“要求”、“命令” 等 • 如 like, want, wish, order……
例：我可不想我的女儿天黑以后被带出去 I don’t want my daughter to be taken out after dark.
* Want to do sth. Want sb./ sth. done (被动）
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宾语补足语
• (to) V./ V-ing/ V-ed 作宾补的区别 I saw him take away the book just now. 主动（结果） I saw him taking away the book on the desk正. 在（过程） I saw the book taken away by a child. 被动
* See sb./ sth. done
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宾语补足语
2. 表“使让” 使役动词（let, make, get, keep, leave, have) + V-ed, 表使让。
It was so cold that the driver couldn’t get the car started.
过去分词用法详解ppt课件
A. recorded
B. record
D. having recorded
4.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining
company, _B__as 3M.(04’ZJ)
A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known
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﹡ ﹡ The differences (used as Attribute)
5. to do 表示一个将来的动作 to be done 表示一个将来的被动动作 doing 表示一个正在进行的主动动作 being done 表示一个正在进行的被动动作 e.g. I have much work to do. The building to be finished at the end of this year will be our lab
2.介词with＋宾语＋过去分词
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. With all the work finished, he went back.
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Exercises:
1.You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it
5.----Shall we go swimming ?
----OK. I’ll just go and get __A___.
A. changed B. to change C. to be changed D. changing
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Step Ⅲ used as Object Complement 1.及物动词的过去分词作宾补表示一个完成且被动的动 作; 不及物动词的过去分词作宾补只表示动作的完成和 状态。
有关形容词化的过去分词课件
与不定式的区别
不定式
表示将来的动作或状态，具有将来时的 含义。
VS
形容词化的过去分词
表示动作的结果或状态，没有将来时的含 义。
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形容词化的过去分词的练习与提高
词汇练习
总结词：掌握词汇
详细描述：形容词化的过去分词在词汇学习上需要掌 握其基本含义、词性、搭配以及用法。通过词汇表、 例句和练习题，学生可以更好地理解并记忆这些词汇 。
它们还可以用于比较过去和现在的状态或情况。例如， “The company's sales have increased significantly since last year.”（自去年以来，公司的销售额大幅增长。 ）
阅读理解中的应用
形容词化的过去分词可以帮助读者更好地理解文章中描述的过去事件及其影响。 例如，在阅读历史文章时，形容词化的过去分词可以帮助读者更好地理解历史事 件的时间顺序和影响。
助于增强个人的社会竞争力。
英语学习的普及
02
英语是全球使用最广泛的语言之一，也是许多国家和地区的官
方语言。
形容词化的过去分词在语言学习中的地位
03
形容词化的过去分词是英语语法中的一个重要知识点，也是理
解和使用英语句子的重要环节。
学习目标
01
02
03
04
掌握形容词化的过去分词的基 本概念和用法。
理解形容词化的过去分词与动 词过去分词、形容词的区别。
误用过去分词作为谓语
由于过去分词可以作为形容词，有时会误将其作为谓语使用。
THANKS
感谢观看
形式与变化
形式
形容词化的过去分词在形式上通常保 留了动词过去分词的形式，例如英语 中的“-ed”或法语中的“-é”。
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=The book, which was written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.
注：The problem （discussed yesterday） has something to do with daily life. （表示完成）
四、1 分词作定语的区别
1. a moving film the moved people
2. boiling water boiled water
3. falling leaves fallen leaves
现在分词强调动作正在进行，侧重于主动。 过去分词强调动作已经完成，侧重于被动；
过去分词作定语与其它非谓语形式的区 别：
A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired
2. Hearing the __D__ news, we all felt ___. A. encouraging, encouraging, B. encouraged, encouraged C. encouraged, encouraging D. encouraging, encouraged
1. 过去分词done表示被动和完成； 2. 现在分词的主动式doing表示主动的、
正在进行的动作；
3. 现在分词的被动式being done表示被 动的、正在进行的动作；
4. 不定式的主动式to do表示一个将要发 生的主动动作；
5. 不定式的被动式to be done则表示一个 将要发生的被动动作
The problem （being discussed now） has nothing to do with daily life. （表示正在进行）
II. Past participles used as predictive（表语）
1. 过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态， 其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
接现在分词时，表示动作正在发生或进行，或正要做分词表 示的动作；
接过去分词时，表被动或完成。
d
I saw him _s_c_o_l_d_e_d_b_y__h_is__m_o_t_h_e_r. I saw his mother _s_c_o_ld_i_n_g_h_i_m_______.
bite
Janet. Who were the guests__in_v_it_ed___ (invite) to his
concert last month? Who _w_e_re__in_v_it_ed (invite) to his concert last month?
done 是非谓语动词， be done是谓语动词，有自己的 独立主语。
(excited, exciting ) -ing表示令人….,
-ed表示感到…,
四、3 分词作宾补的区别
I heard someone __c_a_ll_in__g__ (call) me when I was walking in the street.
I heard my name __c_a_ll_e_d__(call).
I saw him _b_it_t_e_n_b_y__a_d_o_g_______. I saw the dog _b__i_t_i_n_g__h__i_m_______.
四、 4 pp与 be+pp分词作宾补的区别
We have an English teacher _c_a_ll_ed____ (call) Janet. We have an English teacher who _w_a_s _ca_l_le_d_(call)
3. The results were very __a_m_a_z_e_d______ (disappoint).
disappointing
4. I was thanked by the ___________ (satisfy) customer.
satisfied
5. The girl _________ (dress) in red is my daughter.
The window is broken. The inner gate was locked. She was greatly excited.
2. 与现在分词作表语的区别。 现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人…”，有主动意 思。
e.g. How disappointing the election is!
I saw her coming into the classroom.
I saw her taken out of the classroom.
3. 使役动词: make, get, have, keep ,leave, etc.
e.g. We must get the table cloth washed. = We must ask somebody to wash the table cloth.
talked about .
定语
2. Many used cars will be sold in this market. 定语
3. He became interested in two theories. 表语 4. She looked worried. 表语
5. She found her necklace gone on her way home宾. 补
He had his watch repaired.
4.在“with / without＋宾语＋宾补(过去分词)” 这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关 系。
e.g. Do you know the man with his hair tied back?
作定语时可用定语从句代替 He is a respected leader. = He is a leader__w_h_o__is__re_s_p_e_c_t_e_d___. Is this the book recommended by your teacher? = Is this the book _w_h__ic_h__w__a_s_r_e_c_o_m__mended by your teacher?
2.作用---相当于一个定语从句 （1）Is there anything planned for tonight ？
=Is there anything that has been planned for （t2o）nigThhte?book, written in1957, tells the struggle of the miners.
过去分词 The Past Participle
1 构成 2 含义 过去分词 3 功能 4 区别 5 练习
一构成: v +ed 或不规则的变化动词 例如: want---wanted---wanted
do---did---done
go---went---gone
二过去分词本身的含义: 被动或完成
Have you heard a pop song sung in Japanese?
过去分词, 不定式, 现在分词作宾补的 区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系， 但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系， 不带to的不定式强调动作发生的全过程， 现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在 进行。
I saw her come into the classroom.
fallen leaves
returned students
a grown-up daughter a broken heart
a respected leader a recently-built house
三.功能
1.At that time, such thing was a forbidden topic to be
I. Past participle used as attributes （定语）
1.位置: 单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后, 被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑 主语。
The stolen car was found by the police last week.
The speaker answered all the questions raised by the audience.
he told.
B. The story he told was very _i_n_t_e_re_s_t_i_n_g_.
(interested, interesting )
2. A. Everybody was _e_x_c_i_t_e_d_ to hear the news. B. The news is very _e_x_c_i_ti_n_g___ indeed.
2. 表“感觉， 心理状态”的动词： see, hear, find, feel, think, watch, notice + object(宾语) + p.p.
e.g. We saw the thief caught by the police.
People found the water polluted.
III. Past participle used as the Object
Complement (宾语补足语)
1. 表“希望，要求”的动词： want, wish, expect, wish, like, order + (to be) done 表示“希望/要求某人或某事被…”
e.g. I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday. Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned.
注：The problem （discussed yesterday） has something to do with daily life. （表示完成）
四、1 分词作定语的区别
1. a moving film the moved people
2. boiling water boiled water
3. falling leaves fallen leaves
现在分词强调动作正在进行，侧重于主动。 过去分词强调动作已经完成，侧重于被动；
过去分词作定语与其它非谓语形式的区 别：
A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired
2. Hearing the __D__ news, we all felt ___. A. encouraging, encouraging, B. encouraged, encouraged C. encouraged, encouraging D. encouraging, encouraged
1. 过去分词done表示被动和完成； 2. 现在分词的主动式doing表示主动的、
正在进行的动作；
3. 现在分词的被动式being done表示被 动的、正在进行的动作；
4. 不定式的主动式to do表示一个将要发 生的主动动作；
5. 不定式的被动式to be done则表示一个 将要发生的被动动作
The problem （being discussed now） has nothing to do with daily life. （表示正在进行）
II. Past participles used as predictive（表语）
1. 过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态， 其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
接现在分词时，表示动作正在发生或进行，或正要做分词表 示的动作；
接过去分词时，表被动或完成。
d
I saw him _s_c_o_l_d_e_d_b_y__h_is__m_o_t_h_e_r. I saw his mother _s_c_o_ld_i_n_g_h_i_m_______.
bite
Janet. Who were the guests__in_v_it_ed___ (invite) to his
concert last month? Who _w_e_re__in_v_it_ed (invite) to his concert last month?
done 是非谓语动词， be done是谓语动词，有自己的 独立主语。
(excited, exciting ) -ing表示令人….,
-ed表示感到…,
四、3 分词作宾补的区别
I heard someone __c_a_ll_in__g__ (call) me when I was walking in the street.
I heard my name __c_a_ll_e_d__(call).
I saw him _b_it_t_e_n_b_y__a_d_o_g_______. I saw the dog _b__i_t_i_n_g__h__i_m_______.
四、 4 pp与 be+pp分词作宾补的区别
We have an English teacher _c_a_ll_ed____ (call) Janet. We have an English teacher who _w_a_s _ca_l_le_d_(call)
3. The results were very __a_m_a_z_e_d______ (disappoint).
disappointing
4. I was thanked by the ___________ (satisfy) customer.
satisfied
5. The girl _________ (dress) in red is my daughter.
The window is broken. The inner gate was locked. She was greatly excited.
2. 与现在分词作表语的区别。 现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人…”，有主动意 思。
e.g. How disappointing the election is!
I saw her coming into the classroom.
I saw her taken out of the classroom.
3. 使役动词: make, get, have, keep ,leave, etc.
e.g. We must get the table cloth washed. = We must ask somebody to wash the table cloth.
talked about .
定语
2. Many used cars will be sold in this market. 定语
3. He became interested in two theories. 表语 4. She looked worried. 表语
5. She found her necklace gone on her way home宾. 补
He had his watch repaired.
4.在“with / without＋宾语＋宾补(过去分词)” 这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关 系。
e.g. Do you know the man with his hair tied back?
作定语时可用定语从句代替 He is a respected leader. = He is a leader__w_h_o__is__re_s_p_e_c_t_e_d___. Is this the book recommended by your teacher? = Is this the book _w_h__ic_h__w__a_s_r_e_c_o_m__mended by your teacher?
2.作用---相当于一个定语从句 （1）Is there anything planned for tonight ？
=Is there anything that has been planned for （t2o）nigThhte?book, written in1957, tells the struggle of the miners.
过去分词 The Past Participle
1 构成 2 含义 过去分词 3 功能 4 区别 5 练习
一构成: v +ed 或不规则的变化动词 例如: want---wanted---wanted
do---did---done
go---went---gone
二过去分词本身的含义: 被动或完成
Have you heard a pop song sung in Japanese?
过去分词, 不定式, 现在分词作宾补的 区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系， 但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系， 不带to的不定式强调动作发生的全过程， 现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在 进行。
I saw her come into the classroom.
fallen leaves
returned students
a grown-up daughter a broken heart
a respected leader a recently-built house
三.功能
1.At that time, such thing was a forbidden topic to be
I. Past participle used as attributes （定语）
1.位置: 单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后, 被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑 主语。
The stolen car was found by the police last week.
The speaker answered all the questions raised by the audience.
he told.
B. The story he told was very _i_n_t_e_re_s_t_i_n_g_.
(interested, interesting )
2. A. Everybody was _e_x_c_i_t_e_d_ to hear the news. B. The news is very _e_x_c_i_ti_n_g___ indeed.
2. 表“感觉， 心理状态”的动词： see, hear, find, feel, think, watch, notice + object(宾语) + p.p.
e.g. We saw the thief caught by the police.
People found the water polluted.
III. Past participle used as the Object
Complement (宾语补足语)
1. 表“希望，要求”的动词： want, wish, expect, wish, like, order + (to be) done 表示“希望/要求某人或某事被…”
e.g. I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday. Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned.