现在分词的七种用法
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现在分词的七种用法
(一)作定语
1. 动词现在分词单独作定语,通常放在所修饰词前。例如:
The sleeping boy is Tom.
2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面,意思同定语从句差不多。例如:
Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.
3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开。例如:
Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.
4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如:
This is an English-speaking country.
(二)作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。例如:
The story is moving.
(三)现在分词在句中作宾语补足语,这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。例如:
We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系)
I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系)
(四)作状语
现在分词作状语,其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语,如果不是,需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。
1. 作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句。例如:
Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday.
2. 作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句。例如:
Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.
如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,常在现在分词前加上when或while。例如:While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.
3. 作条件状语。
V-ing 形式作条件状语时,相当于一个条件状语从句。例如:
Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class.
4. 作让步状语,相当于让步状语从句。例如:
Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.
5. 作结果状语。例如:
He died, leaving nothing but debts.
6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。例如:
He sat by the roadside, begging.
(五)现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如:
Having finished his homework, he left the classroom.
(六)现在分词的被动式
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,用V-ing 形式的被动式。例如:
The factory being built now is a big one.
(七)现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。例如:
Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.
高中英语现在分词用法练习题(一)
1.Taking pictures___ very interesting. A. is B. are C. to be D. be
2.______ the bad news made him cry. A. Hear B. Heard C. Hearing D. Is hearing
3._____ a desert had always been a risk adventure.
A. being crossed
B. Having crossed
C. Crossing
D. To have crossed
4.Before he came , I’d finished _______ the whole book.
A. to read
B. to have read
C. reading
D. read
5. I always enjoy ____ to popular music at night.
A. to listen
B. listening
C. that I can listen
D. if I can listen
6.We are considering ________ a trip around the island.
A. take b. to take C. to be taking D. taking
7.I hope you don’t mind ____ at your newspaper.
A. I look
B. my looking
C. I looking
D. my to look
8.When a man’s heart stops ______ , he dies.
A. to beat
B. beating
C. beat
D. beaten
9.I can’t help _______ he is still alive.
A. thinking
B. think
C. to think
D. thought of
10.So far as I am concerned , I prefer reading ________ .
A. than meat
B. for joy
C. instead of sleeping D to drinking
11. It goes without _______ that knowledge is important.
A. talking
B. telling
C. saying
D. mentioning
12. We are looking forward ______ our friends next week.
A. to see
B. to seeing
C. to be seeing
D. shall see
13.He spent a lot of money _____ books and magazines.
A. buy
B. buying
C. to buy
D. bought
14.The silkworm is an insect worth _____.
A. to know
B. knowing
C. to be known
D. being known
15.She went out without ______ good-bye to us.
A. say
B. to say
C. saying
D. being said
16.The curious student kept on _______ questions.
A. asks
B. asking
C. to ask
D. asked
17.He is such a strange person; there’s _____ what he’ll do next.
A. no knowing
B. not to know
C. not known
D. being unknown
18.When she heard the bad news, she burst______.
A. into crying
B. out to tears
C. crying
D. out crying
19. You must never cross the street without _
A. waiting B/ to wait C. waiting for D. to wait for
20. Scientists succeed _____ protein out of old newspapers.
A. to make
B. at making
C. making
D. in making
21.I became ______ after watching too much television.
A. bored
B. boring
C. bore
D. bores
22.I felt ____ by his interest in my new invention.
A. encourage B to encourage C. was encouraged D. encouraged
23.He sat there ______ a novel.