(完整)高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧(教师版)
第03讲 词义猜测题(讲义)(教师版) 2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)
第03讲词义猜测题目录01 考情透视·目标导航∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙102 知识导图·思维引航∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙203 考点突破·考法探究∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙2考点一题型破解∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙2知识点1 题型特点∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙3知识点2 选项规律∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙3知识点3 高分技巧∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙3考点二代词猜测题∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙4考点三单词或短语猜测题∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙6考点四句意猜词题∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙7 04真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙92.命题演练∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙10近三年阅读理解词义猜测题考点细目考点一题型破解知识点1 题型特点分析近三年新高考卷及全国卷考查词义猜词的题目可知，对短语的考查与对生词的考查都有所涉及，短语已经不再限制于由课标词组成的短语了，出现了非课标词。
高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技巧和练习
高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧与练习做阅读理解，最怕遇到生词，不仅影响文章的理解，也会拖慢阅读速度，而在阅读理解当中，生词又是不可避免的，如何解决呢？Part 1：知识点讲解1类属法即通过类属来推测词义。
如：■ Bananas,oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.说明：从句意我们知道pineapples 和coconuts 与bananas, oranges是同类事物，同属水果(准确地说是“菠萝”和“椰子”)。
2推理法即根据文章的前后语境推出生词的词义。
如：■Thatmuseum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in oneday.说明：既然一天之内看不完所有的展品，那么immense 的意思应该是“很大”了。
■Everyoneagreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why sh e hadwon the beauty contest.说明：既然“她在选美比赛中获胜”，说明她“很美丽”(gorgeous)。
3列举法即通过对文章所列举的事物来猜测生词的词义。
如：■Childrenlike such creatures as dogs and monkeys.说明：像dogs 和monkeys 之类的“creatures”，显然creatures的意思应是“动物”。
■In yourspare time, you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, NewsWeek, or The New Worker.说明：periodical是生词，但根据其后所列举的例子，我们可以推测出它的意思可能是“期刊”或“杂志”。
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧1 猜测词义S t e p I L e a d -i n1).高考真题再现One morning, however, I found its bed empty. My doll was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept and told me that the poor little thing had been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days, I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as “hopeless ”,“pitiful,”and “dying ”which sounded ominous. (2012.重庆)57. What does the underlined word “ominous ” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Impossible.B. Boring.C. Difficult.D. Fearful.It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breath-perhaps not so noticeably out in mid –ocean,but where it meets land, its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach. It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature. It is filled with symbiotic existences,too; unimaginable quantities of creatures,little and large alike,mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony, giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat, a kind of sub-ocean vitality. And it has a psychology. It has personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant, on rare occasions rough and wild; always it is strong and striking.(2013.重庆)70.What does the underlined word “symbiotic ” mean?A.Living together.B.Growing fast.C.Moving harmoniously.D.Breathing peacefully. 2).词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1. T h e w o r d “…” r e f e r s t o / p r o b a b l y m e a n s . / c o u l d b e s t b e r e p l a c e d b y ___. 2.T h e w o r d “…” i s m o s t l i k e l y t o m e a n ______. 3. W h a t d o y o u t h i n k t h e e x p r e s s i o n “…” s t a n d s f o r ? 4. T h e u n d e r l i n e d w o r d “…” m e a n s ______. ...... S t e p II I n t r o d u c t i o n 1. D e fi n i t i o n 定义法 2. C o n t r a s t 对比法 3. S i m i l a r i t y 相似法4. C a u s e a n d e f f e c t 因果法5. E x a m p l e 例举法6. W o r d F o r m a t i o n 构词法7. C o n t e x t 上下文8. C o m m o n S e n s e 普通常识1. D e f i n i t i o n 定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。
高考英语阅读理解中词义猜测题的解题技巧-最新教育资料
高考英语阅读理解中词义猜测题的解题技巧一、词义猜测主要测试考生利用上下文判断单词、词组或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力。
二、练习（一）猜一猜，一词多义。
*heavy news晴天霹雳，heavy food热量高的食物，heavy sleeper睡觉沉的人。
（二）译一译，近义句表达。
*His father has died.他爹死了。
*His father has passed away.他父亲去世了。
*His old man has kicked the bucket.他家老爷子蹬腿了。
*His beloved father has joined the heavenly choir.其父已驾鹤西游了。
三、词义猜测题常见的设问方式1.The word“...”refers to/means/could best be replaced by ？摇？摇？摇？摇.2.According to the passage，the underlinedword“...”means？摇？摇？摇？摇.四、词义猜测的主要解题方法“顺藤摸瓜”：通过构词法、语法逻辑、常识知识、上下文等线索确定词义。
常用的猜词技巧如下：1.根据构词法（转化、合成和派生）进行猜测2.根据逻辑关系进行判断（1）转折、对比关系（2）因果关系（3）并列、同位关系3.根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义（1）从上下文的信息判断（2）从上下文判断指代对象（3）运用生活常识经验猜测词义（一）实战演练：根据构词法猜测词义。
常用表否定的前后缀1.in-：inactive，inexpensive2.un-： unhappy，uncomfortable3.im-：impolite，immoral4.il-：illegal，illogical5.ir-：irregular，irresponsible6.-less（后缀）：harmless，careless考题再现：2011省质检阅读D：（第2段）Bike rentals are inexpensive and it’s a greatway to enjoy the scenery.解析：inexpensive=cheap说明不必自己带单车（二）根据转折、对比关系进行判断。
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。
考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
(完整word版)高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义类题可以分为两种类型，一种是推测某个生词的具体含义，是生词含义题；另一种是推测某个代词或词组在文中的指代意义，是代词指称题。
这两种情况在解题方法上还是有一定的相似性和规律性的。
下面是我们遇到猜测词义题时一般的解题步骤。
对于考察某个单词或短语或句子实际含义的题，首先要着眼单词或短语本身，分析单词或短语的构成，分析其构词法，词根词缀，派生关系等信息，推测它的大概含义。
对于猜测句子的含义，有时可以直接分析句子结构推测它的意义。
有些单词我们虽然不认识它的具体含义，但是他们往往含有一些表示具体意义的词缀，特别是前缀能够帮助我们猜测这个词的一部分含义，而后缀通常能够帮助我们理解词的派生关系。
高考英语中常见的前缀总结如下：根据构词法阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。
《教学大纲》已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中，因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。
1. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.分析：anti-poison是由poison加前缀anti-构成的，anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”，由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。
2. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems thatmore and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.分析：simplified跟simple是同根词，带有-ed显然是过去分词形式的形容词。
高考英语阅读理解——词意猜测题解题技巧攻略学习课件
What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean? C
A. Tested B. Separated C. Forced out D. Tracked down
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eg4…all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. (2018▪全国卷Ⅰ▪C)
●指代派：The word “...” refers to ...
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2. 解题步骤
定位线索 推测词义 选择
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3. 词义类解题方法
1. 上下文
指代关系、定义或释义、同位关系、逻辑关系、上下文 信息、同义或反义关系 、举例
2. 构词法（转化；合成；派生）
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高考真题赏析
eg1. Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues
make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
高三专题高考英语阅读理解猜词题解答技巧
教案【答案与解析】1.C under-estimate是一个派生词，根据构词法知识，under-estimate是在动词estimate前加上前缀under-(在……以下，低于……)，因而under-estimate应该表示“低估”。
2.B workout是一个复合名词，它是由短语动词work out转换来的名词，短语动词work out用作及物动词性质，含有“解决, 设计出,计算出”，用作不及物性质，表示“锻炼，消耗完”，而名词workout也应该具有这些含义，根据单词所在句意分析可知这里表示“锻炼”，类似构成形式还有如break through→breakthrough(突破),break out→breakout(爆发),take off→takeoff(起飞), come in→income(收入),put out→output(输出，产出),stand out→outstanding(出类拔萃的，杰出的)等。
3.A vertebrates的含义，就可以根据后面which means these animals have a bony skeleton to surpport their bodies句子来分析理解其含义为“脊椎动物”因此答案选A项。
4.D spontaneous的含义可以根据该单词后面rather than planned in advance分析spontaneous与planned in advance相反，表示“没被计划过的，没有预先计划安排的” 因此答案选D项。
5.C pseudonym的含义可以通常对美国作家O. Henry所了解的文学常识来猜测，我们知道O Henry 是William Sydney Porter发表作品时所用的笔名，因此这里的生词pseudonym应该表示“笔名”。
6.A netgain 含义可以通过上下文内容中所提供的线索和暗示来判断，前面提到的lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs以及the state had a net gain of two million jobs句意分析可知其含义为“净增加”。
高考英语阅读理解------词义猜测题解题技巧
superman (超人)
nonnatural (非自然的)
homeless (无家可归的)
rebuild (重建)
microwave (微波)
mispronouce (发错音)
nonsmoker (非烟民)
eastwards (向东)
Eg. I’m going to buy a microbus.
them指的是前面出现的self-published art magazines
However, the question that “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.
1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语 （从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。常 用逗号，破折号，冒号等。
It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧题技巧要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息结合中学生应有的常识和经验正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思
---猜测词义
考纲解读
猜测词义题： 词义猜测能力是英语高考阅
读理解能力的主要组成部分，是历年高考中 的必考题型，主要考查对文中关键词语（实 词、短语、指代关系等）的理解。而且，所 考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，
高三英语高考总复习英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技巧课件
Group discussion
Tip 3: 逻辑关系法之利用反义关系即根据表对比或转折的信号词猜测词义，常见信号词有：but , yet, however, while, unlike, instead（of）, on the other hand, rather than, on the contrary。
1单词courier
全国卷Ⅱ
1单词maintenance
1单词concede
1单词collapsed
1代词短语tug at the heartstring
1单词juicer
2代词that;句子the table are turned.
1单词downside
全国卷Ⅲ(新高考全国卷）
1短语embark on
鱼贩，鱼商
下定义：is,mean,refers to ,namely 等后的内容是对前面解释说明或由that is (to say),in other words,to put it another way 引出一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词。
定语从句：定语从句修饰和限定了先行词的内容和范畴。
同位语：同位语是对其前的内容进行解释说明。
Self-learning
At first, Gao was a hardworking and honest man who sells fish to make a living.However, he gradually deviated from the right path due to social inequality.A. step on B. follow up C.away from D.stick to
2017-2023年高考全国卷阅读理解词义猜测题考查一览表
英语：高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧.doc
高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
一、题型特点与命题方式此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。
因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。
联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。
近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。
命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。
【命题趋势】1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。
3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。
用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“递向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】The underlined word “…” in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.By saying “…” in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______.In paragraph …, “…” can be replaced by “______”.The meaning of “…” in paragraph… is related to ______.Which of the followi ng has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____.二、解题思路与应试技巧做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。
高考英语阅读理解词义、句义猜测题应试技巧
高考英语阅读理解词义、句义猜测题应试技巧高考英语阅读理解词义.句义猜测题应试技巧高考阅读理解中,经常出现一定量的生词,并且每年总有二至四题直接考查词义.句义猜测.这充分体现了《教学大纲》和《考试说明》的要求,意在考查考生根据上下文推测生词短语含义的能力,突出考查语境的分析和把握能力.猜词能力不仅涉及到学生的语言知识水平,还涉及到学生的语言应用能力和综合素质水平.在阅读理解中,猜测词义.句义题的特点是对生词.短语.指示代词和句子的猜测.一.常用设问形式:1.The underlined word;...;refers to(means) ____.2.Which of the following words can take the place of the word;...;?3.What is the meaning of;...;as the words are used in the te_t?4.Which of the following has the closest meaningto...(paragraph...)?二.应试技巧(一)词义猜测题1.同义法:通常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or,这些词或短语在句中作相同的成分,并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的,由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域,甚至推知它的大致词义.例①(NMET_,C篇,65)Fermat’s Last Theorem(定理). First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who hadto dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.65.Which of the following best e_plains the meaning of the word;baffle;as it is used in the te_t?A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To providea person with an e_planation.D.To limit people’s imagination.解析:由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁(beat),并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等并列关系,据此推断出baffle 为;使困惑.难倒.难以理解;的意思.故答案为B.2.反义法:利用反义词说明生词的意义.如反义词hot and cold, give and receive, perfect and imperfect,甚至前.后句为肯定与否定.或是与不是等,在句内词与词之间,在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用.例②(NMET_,E篇,74)A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.74.What does the under lined word ;hassle;probably mean?A.a party designed by specialistsB.a plan requiring careful thoughtC.a situation causing difficulty or troubleD.a demand made by guests解析:由前句的否定doesn’t与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系,可以推断出,为了庆祝孩子的生日,又不至于麻烦,可以买一个生日开心包.hassle的意思应该与fun相反,而与difficulty, trouble等相近.故答案为C.3.释义法:在文中的字里行间,对生词以定语(从句).表语甚至用逗号.破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式.例③(NMET_,D篇,68)In 1066 the Norman sled by William defeated the Sa_ons and began their rule over England. For about a century, French became the official language. England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases, modern English even shows a distinction(区别)between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Sa_on in its words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Sa_on peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.68.Which of the following groups of words are,by inference, rooted in French?A.president, lawyer, beefB.president,bread,waterC.bread,field,waterD.folk,field,cow解析:由English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German.可知英语的政治和法律词汇多来源于法语,所以president, lawyer来源于法语.由meat, at home ready to be cooked, shows the fact that the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.可知英语涉及食品的词汇具有一种特殊的区分:是在农田中放牧饲养的,还是在家庭里屠宰烹饪后端上餐桌的.例如:猪.牛.羊.鹿在放牧饲养时用本族语称为swine,o_,sheep,deer;但在屠宰烹饪后就用法语称呼为pork,beef,mutton,venison.所以beef来源于法语.故答案为A.4.情景推断法:猜测任何词义都离不开文章的语言情景,词义可以从上下文的具体语言环境中推断出来.例④(NMET_,B篇,62);Organic produce is always better,;Gold said.;The food is free ofpesticides(农药),and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.;Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.62.What is the meaning of;the organic trend;as the words are used in the te_t?A.growing interest in organic foodB.better quality of organic foodC.rising market for organic foodD.higher prices of organic food解析:由Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying...可以推断出,越来越多的顾客像Gold一样开始购买有机食物,其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣.故答案为A.5.代词替代法:一般来讲,代词所指代的内容多在这一句话的前后句中.找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上,看一看这句话是否合理,与前后的内容是否一致,然后再最后判定它是否为正确答案.例⑤(NMET_,C篇,66)Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in super markets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products carry labels(标签)to show that the product is green. Some companies have made the manufacturing(生产)of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.66.The under lined word;it;in the fourth paragraph refers to ____.A.a selling pointB.the company nameC. a great demand for health foodsD. the manufacturing of green products解析:只要能分析出句中含有make+名词作宾补的准确语义.就可以得出在广告宣传中的卖点it是the manufacturing of clean and safe products=green products,故答案为D.(二)句义推测1.同义法例⑥(NMET_,B篇,60)Holiday makers who are bored with baking beaches and overheated hotel rooms head for a big igloo. Swedish businessman Nile Bergqvist is delighted with his new hotel, the world’s first igloo hotel. Built in a small town in Lapland, it has been attracting lots of visitors, but soon the fun will be over.In two weeks’time Bergqvist’s ice creation(作品)will be nothing more than a pool of water.;We don’t see it as a big problem,;he says.;We just look forward to replacing it.;60.When the writer says;the fun will be over,;he refers to the fact that ____.A.hotel guests will be frightened at the thought of the hard testB.Bergqvist’s hotel will soon become a pool of waterC.holidaymakers will soon get tired of the big iglooD.a bigger igloo will replace the present one解析:由文中可以看出,igloo hotel在两周内将不复存在,而变成一泓清水(be nothing more than a pool of water).游客住进冰屋是一种冒险的体验.A.C.D在文中未出现,故答案为B.2.因果关系在上下文中,由从属连词because,since,so等连接.据此,可根据已知的;因;推出未知的;果;.例⑦(NMET2000,E篇,73)E_cused from recycling(回收利用)because you live in a high risewith a rubbish chute(垃圾道)? You won’t before long. Miami’s Mark Shantzis has made it simple for those living in tall buildings to use the chute and recycle too.73.When he says;You won’t before long;the writer means that____.A.you’ll soon be living in a cleaner buildingB.rubbish chutes will become out of date before longC.you won’t wait long for your turn to recycle rubbishD.it won’t belong before you’ll have to recycle your rubbish解析:首先弄懂be e_cused from意为;被免于做某事;.而Mark Shantzis 对垃圾道进行了改造,装上了垃圾分装盒,使居住在高层的人们免于对自家的垃圾分类并进行回收利用.因此,住高层的人们不久也要对垃圾进行分类回收利用了.由于文中未提到高层住宅卫生状况差以及本装置并未过时,而且在对垃圾的回收利用中,不会有轮着哪一家的情况.所以A,B,C皆不对,故答案为D.3.情景推断法例⑧(NME T’99,D篇,62)Maybe ten-year-old Elizabeth, put it best when she said to her father,;But Dad, you can’t be healthy if you’re dead.;Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten to wear his safety belt-a mistake 75% of the US population make everyday. The big question is why.There have been many myths about safety belts ever since their first appearance in cars some forty years ago.62.Why did Elizabeth say to her father,;But,Dad, you can’t be healthy if you’re dead;?A.He was driving at greatspeed.B.He was running across the street.C.He didn’t have his safety belt on.D.He didn’t take his medicine on time.解析:因匆忙回家,忘记系安全带.Elizabeth跟父亲说:;爸,如果人死了就谈不上健康了;可以推知答案为C.。
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义类题可以分为两种类型，一种是推测某个生词的具体含义，是生词含义题；另一种是推测某个代词或词组在文中的指代意义，是代词指称题。
这两种情况在解题方法上还是有一定的相似性和规律性的。
下面是我们遇到猜测词义题时一般的解题步骤。
对于考察某个单词或短语或句子实际含义的题，首先要着眼单词或短语本身，分析单词或短语的构成，分析其构词法，词根词缀，派生关系等信息，推测它的大概含义。
对于猜测句子的含义，有时可以直接分析句子结构推测它的意义。
有些单词我们虽然不认识它的具体含义，但是他们往往含有一些表示具体意义的词缀，特别是前缀能够帮助我们猜测这个词的一部分含义，而后缀通常能够帮助我们理解词的派生关系。
高考英语中常见的前缀总结如下：根据构词法阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。
《教学大纲》已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中，因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。
1. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.分析：anti-poison是由poison加前缀anti-构成的，anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”，由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。
2. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems thatmore and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.分析：simplified跟simple是同根词，带有-ed显然是过去分词形式的形容词。
高中英语阅读理解技巧之词义猜测题
2.We should attach importance to the problems of children’s non-attendance at school.
缺席、不到场
Skill 4
1.It will be very hard but also very brittle...that is, it will break easily
3）The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ____．
4）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？
英语阅读理解技巧之 词义猜测题
（word-guessing）
Lead-in(导入)
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
1）The underlined word / phrase in the passage means ____．
2）The word "it / them"in the first paragraph refers to ____．
表示对比关系的词汇和短语:
unlike，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast 和si 1
1.）Andrew is one of the most arrogant men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite modest.
A. later generations
B. friends and relatives
(完整word版)高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义类题可以分为两种类型，一种是推测某个生词的具体含义，是生词含义题；另一种是推测某个代词或词组在文中的指代意义，是代词指称题。
这两种情况在解题方法上还是有一定的相似性和规律性的。
下面是我们遇到猜测词义题时一般的解题步骤。
对于考察某个单词或短语或句子实际含义的题，首先要着眼单词或短语本身，分析单词或短语的构成，分析其构词法，词根词缀，派生关系等信息，推测它的大概含义。
对于猜测句子的含义，有时可以直接分析句子结构推测它的意义。
有些单词我们虽然不认识它的具体含义，但是他们往往含有一些表示具体意义的词缀，特别是前缀能够帮助我们猜测这个词的一部分含义，而后缀通常能够帮助我们理解词的派生关系。
高考英语中常见的前缀总结如下：根据构词法阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。
《教学大纲》已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中，因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。
1.Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.分析：anti-poison 是由poison 加前缀anti-构成的，anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”，由此可猜出anti-poison 是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。
2.Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems that more and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.分析：simplified 跟simple 是同根词，带有-ed 显然是过去分词形式的形容词。
2024届高考英语阅读理解专项技巧-词义猜测+课件
技巧1：利用释义法解题
猜猜下列划线词汇的意思： 例1：They described him as a loon, or a mad man. 说明：句中的or是对loon的解释，即loon与a mad man同义，即表示"疯子"。 例2：The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 500 yuan a year. 说明：定语从句 who looks after sheep表明herdsman的词义为"牧人"。
解答： “added bonus”后面的that从句是同位语从句，解释说明“added bonus”的内容（坐电动 飞机更舒服）。“No loud engine noise， no smell of fuel， just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.”一句则进一步解释说明，电动飞机飞行时没有发动机的噪音，没有燃油的气 味，环境安静和谐，这意味着人们能够获得更加愉悦的飞行体验，故选C项。
专题46词义猜测题——上下文中求答案(教师版)---2023届高三英语总复习 (通用版)
词义猜测题——上下文中求答案[考查内容] [设问方式] 根据上下文猜测词义是阅读能力的一部分，也是高考阅读理解测试中重要的一项。
要做好这类题目，考生要记住：在完整的语篇中，单词和词组的意义总是受特定的语境、上下文限制的，因此考生可以根据上下文，并利用所掌握的语法、词汇和构词法等知识确定它们的意义。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。
By saying that “...” in the first (second ...) paragraph, the author means that ________.In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by“______”．The meaning of “...” in Paragraph ... is related to ________.Which of the following has the closest meaning to ... (Paragraph ...)？As is used in Line ..., the word “...” refers to________.The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph probably means that ________.词义猜测题7大猜词技巧要做好词义猜测题，考生除了必须熟练掌握《考试大纲》规定的词汇外，在平时的训练中还要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心，还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。
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高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。
这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。
这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。
事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。
近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
这类试题包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测、以及对it/they/them等代词的确指对象的判断等。
这类试题的设问方式主要有：(1)What does the underlined word “them/it”refer to?(2)In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).(3)according to the passage,... probably means(4)The author uses the word... to mean.(5)The underlined phrase “punch line”most probably means______.(6)The underlined word “one”could best be replaced by ______.(7)What does “garden”in the last two paragraphs stand for?（8）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”?做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。
因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。
命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。
猜测词义时，要掌握以下三个做题要领和六种解题技巧：做题要领1）文中找线索或信息词;2) 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。
解题技巧技巧 1 Definition 定义法：一般通过定义/定语从句/词组或同位语从句来确定词义技巧 2 Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词、表对比关系的词猜测词义。
技巧 3 Cause＆Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因技巧4 Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。
技巧5 Word Formation 构词法：在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。
技巧6 根据文段中出现的同义、近义或反义词的意思进行判断。
技巧7 根据句子结构进行判断。
技巧8 根据文章的背景进行判断。
如：技巧9 Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义技巧篇：技巧 1 Definition 定义法：一般通过定义/定语从句/词组或同位语从句来确定词义1.It will be very hard but very brittle—that is , it will break easily .从后面的解释中，我们可以了解到brittle是“易碎的，脆的”的意思2.The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中looks after sheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧羊人”。
技巧 2 Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词、表对比关系的词猜测词义。
表示对比的词有but 、yet 、while 、however、otherwise等。
1. Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical.根据对比关系，这里cool和tropical是相反的意义，很容易判断理tropical的意思为：Hot 热的2.Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely．根据对比关系“homely”means “ugly技巧 3 Cause￡Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因1. Hat museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.既然一天之内看不完所有的展品，这个博物馆当然是够“大的”了。
2.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果"永远不能再运动"中，可以推测permanent 的意思为"永远的，永久的"。
技巧4 Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。
1.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machine, refrigerators and color televisions.根据for instance后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中appliances的是指“家用电器”。
常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as 等。
技巧5 Word Formation 构词法：在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。
1．根据前缀猜测词义Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?根据词根educational （教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：男女同校教育的意思。
2．根据后缀猜测词义People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions vehicles,”but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from.A.be familiar withB.be curious aboutC.show their interest inD.fail to understand后缀-less是否定后缀，结合上下文，不难猜出be clueless about 的意思是D(不清楚，不能理解)。
3．根据复合词的各部分猜测词义（1）Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。
它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是设计精巧的意思。
（2）We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists.根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和produce （生产），我们可以推测mass-produce的意思是：大批量生产；规模生产的意思。
技巧 6 根据文段中出现的同义、近义或反义词的意思进行判断。
例题1：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. It was an eccentric(怪僻的)farmer. I had never met him before although I had often heard people talk about him. He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understood anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident.I hadn’t the slightest idea who she was but I obviously had to go.The underlined phrase make out in the first paragraph means ______.A. expectB. understandC. see clearlyD. hear clearly根据第四句话的意思，我们知道“Even then”实际上是指前文的“I understood anything”，因此这句话可以理解为“Even when I understood anything, all (that) I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident”。
显然，“make out”是被用来取代前面的“understood”，以避免重复，它们应该是近义或同义词，所以，B选项可能是正确的。
例题2：One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.Which of the following can be used in place of “Quite the reverse”?A. Quite right.B. True enough.C. Most unlikely.D. Just the opposite.根据quite the reverse这个短语前后两个句子中的“perfect information”与“imperfect information”这两个意思相反的词组，我们可以推断出quite the reverse这个短语应该是表示它前后两个句子的转折关系。