(完整word)2016初二英语现在完成时态的讲解

现在完成时的讲解和练习题

一、构成：主语+ have/has + 过去分词+其他

否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他。

疑问式:Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?

简略答语: (肯定)Yes, 主语 + have/has. (否定)No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)

二、用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在

（一）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态

常与just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet （仍然，还），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今为止），up to now ,till now 等时间状语连用。如：

※副词的位置：①just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come .

②never表示否定,放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.

③ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has＋主语＋ever＋过去分词？“…曾经……过吗？”用

于询问某人过去的经历。 Have you ever been to the farm？

（二）：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有：

①for＋表示一段时间的词语 I have taught English for 19 years。

②since＋表示过去时间点的词语 He has been at this school since 1986.

③since＋表示过去的时间状语从句 I have lived here since I was born.

④since＋一段时间＋ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.

三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for，since，how long,

all one’s life）连用的动词必须用延续性动词（肯定句）。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。

常见终止性动词和延续性动词的相应转换形式如下:

1、borrow / lend→keep,

2、buy→have,

3、finish / end→be over,

4、begin / start→be on

5、open→be open

6、close→be closed,

7、die→b e dead

8、arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to→be in /at / be here /be there,

9、leave→be away（from） 10、go to school→be in school / be a student,

11、get up→be up, 12、fall asleep→be asleep 13、fall ill→be ill

14、get to know→know, 15、lose→be l ost 16、become→be

17、begin to study→study,18、return / come back / get back→be back

19、join→be in / be a…member,

20、join the army→be in the army /be a soldier

21、receive / get a letter→have a letter

22、catch / get a cold→have a cold

Eg. 他参军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（错）改为:

He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.

He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.

四、现在完成时中应注意的几个问题

1. have been to和have gone to的区

have been to强调“曾经去过…”，现已不在那里，已经回来了

have gone to主要强调的是“去了…”，可能在去的途中，或在去的目的地。

2. have been to和have been in的区别

have been to强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次数”的状语。

have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语

测试题

I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.

1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.

2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.

3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.

4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.

5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.

6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.

7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.

8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.

9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.

10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?

11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.

12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.

13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.

14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.

15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?

II. Choose the best answer.

( )1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _________what's happened to him .

Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know

( )2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still

( )3、Have you met Mr Li ______？

Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago

( )4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .

Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written

( )5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .

—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good