高中英语---定语从句易错点总结

定语从句易错点

易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用

■She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.

A. which

B. when

C. how

D. where

【易错】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词where。

【分析】正确答案为A。在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词which或that。比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when：

She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company.

A. which

B. when

C. how

D. where

请再做一组试题

(1) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.

A. which

B. when

C. how

D. where

(2) Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.

A. which

B. when

C. how

D. where

(3) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.

A. where

B. when

C. that

D. which

(答案均选A)：选A，which 在定语从句中用作动词bought 的宾语；

选A，which 在定语从句中用作主语。

选A，where 在定语从句中用作状语。

判断：

例1. I’ll never forget the days when I spent in New York with you.

例2. I’ll never forget the days which I visited New York with you.

析：例1 中的when 应改为which 或that ；例2 中的which 应改为when .

易错点二：主谓不一致

■The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.

A. which was

B. it was

C. which were

D. them were

【易错】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的which 和it 误认为是其后句子的主语。

【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”

引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：

(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.

C. which are

D. them are

(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.

A. which are

B. it is

C. which is

D. them are

判断：

例5. Tom is one of the students who likes swimming.

例6. Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming.

析：例5 中的likes 应改为like ；例6 中的like 应改为likes .在“ one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”结构中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，故谓语动词要用复数形式，如例5 ；在“ the （only）one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”结构中，先行词是one ，而不是复数名词，故谓语动词要用单数形式，如例6 .

易错点三：对先行词概念不明确

例9. Is this library that you visited yesterday？

例10. Is this the library where you visited yesterday？

析：例9 中应在library 后加the one ；例10 中的where 应去掉或改为that 或which .在例9 中，this library 是主语，is 是谓语，that 引导的是定语从句，但没有先行词，故应补加先行词；在例10 中，the library 是先行词，定语从句缺少宾语，故应用that 或which 来引导，当然也可以省略。

易错点四：which 和whose 的意义不明确

例19. The book which cover is broken is of great help to all of us.

例20. The book of whose cover is broken is of great help to all of us.

析：例19 中的which 应改为whose ；例20 中的whose 应改为which .在定语从句中，关系代词which 不能在定语从句中作定语，但whose 可作定语，“ whose + n ”相当于“ the + n + of which ”或“ of which + the + n ”。

易错点五：定语从句与名词性从句的区分

名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，定语从句与这些从句都易混淆。

■ _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It

B. As

C. That

D. What

【易错】容易误选A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。

【分析】最佳答案是B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题：

_______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It

B. As

C. That

D. What

此题答案选A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that 从句。

再比较下面一组题：

(1) ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.