自考英美概况复习资料
英美概况考试重点复习材料(英国部分)
英美概况考试重点复习材料〔英国部分〕Chapter 1第一章Land and People 英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称与其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠与北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛〔较大的一个〕和爱尔兰岛，与成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wale大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
英美概况复习提纲
复习提纲一、复习范围：《英美概况》（修订本，温洪瑞主编）除了Lesson 3、10、13、20之外全部课文二、题型：1．选择填空（20题，20分）--- 涉及到各课内容2．匹配题（15题，15分）--- 人物、地名等(e.g. P26)3．词语翻译（20题，20分）--- 从各课的词汇表中抽4．完形填空Cloze（一篇20题，20分）---5．阅读理解（一篇5题，10分）---6．名词解释（10题，15分）---三、复习内容：1. Geography 2. Historic events 3. Figures 4. PoliticsI. Geography地理知识1. location and sizeUk：situated In Western Europe，separated from the European continent by the English Channel and the North SeaUS: situated in the southern part of North America, the fourth largest in area2.Regions/states区域/州：1) UK: four regions：2) US：New England (in northeast of US); 50 states (the two youngest states and two largeststates)，Alaska (largest in area)3. Rivers：the Severn River (longest in UK), the Thames;the Mississippi River(longest river, father of waters), international rivers:the Rio Grande River, St. Lawrence, Columbia; Hudson (flows through New York City), Colorado, Missouri4. Lakes: the Lough Neagh（largest in UK,in Northern Ireland）, the Lake District (poets, scenery, varied);the Great Lakes5. Mountains：the highest peak (Ben Nevis in Scotland)the Appalachian Mountains, the Rocket Mountains (the Continental Divide.), Mount Whitney(highest peak in US)6.population: 60 million (UK), 300 million (US), largest populous state (California) ,7. People and ethnic groups: Jutes, descendants of Anglo-Saxon(English); Indians (first Americans), black, Hispanics (speak Spanish), WASPs8. cities：Edinburgh (capital of Scotland), Washington DC (capitol, White House, Pentagon), motor city（Detroit）, Pacific coast cities (San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle); New York (UN headquarters) , largest China town (San Francisco)9．Climate: UK--- more rainy days, changeability, more fogsII. Major Events历史事件英国部分1. Wars:1) Norman Conquest (1066) 诺曼征服: Battle of Hastings赫斯丁战役2) War of Roses (1455~1485)The House of Lancaster （Red Rose）, The House of York (White Rose)：3) The Civil War (1642~ 1646) / bourgeois RevolutionCav alier: supported the King in the British Civil War; Roundheads: supported the Parliament2 The Black Death (1348—1349)3. The Peasant’s Uprising（1381）:4. The English Reformation(1530s) : King Henry VIII5. The Commonwealth (1649~1660) Oliver Cromwell6. The Restoration (1688)：Charles II7. the Glorious Revolution (1688)：William of Orange was invited to England and took the Englishthrone with no bloodshed.8. Colonial Expansion (1583—1900) : first colony (Newfoundland), Jamestown (the earliestBritish settlement on North America), 13 colonies (along the east coast of North America), 9. the British Commonwealth of Nations英联邦美国部分1. wars：1) The War of Independence (1775—1783)Boston Tea Party (1773)Battle of Lexington (April 19,1775 ): the first shots of American Revolution were fireThe Saratoga Campaign （1776）the turning pointThe Battle of Yorktown （1777）the British army surrenderedThe First Continental Congress (1774) in Philadelphia , organized militia unitsThe Second Continental Congress (1775) in Philadelphia ,founded a Continental Army2) .The Civil War (1861.4.12 ~ 1865. 4.9): causes and significanceThe Battle of Gettysburg:: the turning point of the Civil War2.Discovery of the New World (1492 )3.the first permanent colony: Jamestown, Virginia (1607)4.Plymouth:the first settlement of the Puritans on North America(1620)5.Mayflower (Plymouth, 1620) 102 Pilgrims/Puritans6.Watergate Scandal ( 1972.6.) President Nixon had to resignIII. Documents文件1. The Bill of Rights (1689) 《权利法案》: confirmed the principle of parliamentary supremacy, the beginning of constitutional monarchyThe Bill of Rights (1791) 《权利法案》:the first ten Amendments to the US Constitution 2. Constitutions:UK---no written constitutions；consisting of statute law, common law and conventionsUS--- 1789.3.4; the first written constitution in the world, with many amendments3. Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》drafted by Jefferson 托马斯杰克逊起草4. Articles of Confederation《联邦条例》origin of US constitution 美国宪法的前身5. Emancipation Proclamation《解放黑奴宣言》(1863)issued by Lincoln6. Doomsday Book《末日审判书》IV. Figures 人物1. Kings and queens:Henry VIII (religious Reformation) , Mary I , Elizabeth I (a wise queen, during her reign capitalism grew rapidly), Charles I (beheaded), Oliver Cromwell (Lord Protector)2. Presidents: George Washington (1), Thomas Jefferson (3) James Madison (4, father of the Constitution), Abraham Lincoln(16), Franklin Roosevelt (32), Richard Nixon (Watergate Scandal)3.Other figures：Margaret Thatcher(first woman Prime Minister), Benjamin Franklin(forerunner of Enlightenment in America), Christopher Columbus (an Italian navigator, first discoveredthe New World)V. Politics and laws政治与法律1. political system：UK---- Constitutional Monarchy君主立宪制US--- Federation联邦制2. Parliament / congressUK Parliament ----Consists of：the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of commons Functions: make laws, financeUS Congress ---- Consists of：Senate，House of Representatives (elected every 2 years) 3．Government:UK---- the prime minister (most powerful person), the Lord Privy Sea l掌玺大臣，Minister of without Portfolio不管部长，US--- presidency，power of president （veto）,the Department of State (advise the President on foreign relations)，Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) 中央情报局，t he Federal Bureau of Investigation联邦调查局, 以及其他一些部的名称4.major parties：UK-----the conservative Party，the Labor PartyThe party that has the majority seats in the Commons will form the government.US----- the Federal Party (founder: Alexander Hamilton)the Republican Party ( the Republicans) : political symbol---elephantthe Democratic Party (the Democrats): political symbol ---donkey5. general election ：UK---every 5 years US--- every4 years6. Laws and courts:the Court of appeal上诉法院，the Lord Chancellor大法官petit jury小陪审团VII. Religion宗教the established church of Britain : the Church of England（英格兰圣公会）Puritans: wanted to make reforms in the Anglican Church部分术语：outer London（143）the British Commonwealth of Nations （157）Black Death（154）WASP（309）Doomsday Book（150）Bill of Rights(US)（322）Jamestown (318)American Indians (317)The Church of England（142）Indentured Servant (317)New England（318）Puritans (153)Alaska （306）Hispanic（310）IBM (311)Congress（313）melting pot（309）。
英美概况复习题1答案
英美概况复习题1答案
1. 英国的首都是哪里？
答案：伦敦。
2. 美国的独立日是每年的哪一天？
答案：7月4日。
3. 英国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。
4. 美国的货币单位是什么？
答案：美元。
5. 英国的国花是什么？
答案：玫瑰。
6. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？
答案：第四。
7. 英国的国王或女王的正式称呼是什么？
答案：君主。
8. 美国的宪法有多少条修正案？
答案：27条。
9. 英国最大的城市是哪一个？
答案：伦敦。
答案：玫瑰。
11. 英国的议会由哪两院组成？
答案：上议院和下议院。
12. 美国的总统任期是多久？
答案：四年。
13. 英国的国歌名是什么？
答案：《天佑女王》。
14. 美国的人口在世界上排名第几？答案：第三。
15. 英国的国旗由哪几种颜色组成？答案：蓝色、白色和红色。
16. 美国的首都是哪个城市？
答案：华盛顿特区。
17. 英国的国教是什么？
答案：英国国教。
18. 美国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。
19. 英国的君主制是哪种类型？
答案：立宪君主制。
答案：《星条旗》。
英美概况大题知识点总结
英美概况大题知识点总结1. 位置与面积:- 英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家组成，是一个岛国，又称不列颠群岛。
- 美国位于北美洲的中北部，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，与加拿大和墨西哥为邻。
是全球第三大、北美洲第二大的国家。
2. 地形:- 英国地貌复杂，地势起伏。
苏格兰地区有高山，如本提高地、格兰特群山、高地等，英格兰和威尔士地势较低，北爱尔兰地区以丘陵地形为主。
- 美国地大物博，地貌多样。
东部大西洋沿岸是低洼平原，中部是多河流盆地、大草原和沙漠，西部有洛矶山脉、科罗拉多高原和内华达高原，阿拉斯加地区是冰川遍布的高山地区，夏威夷是火山构成的群岛，加利福尼亚州和华盛顿州有大片的森林。
3. 气候:- 英国气候温和，受海洋性气候和大西洋洋流的影响。
冬季不太寒冷，夏季不太炎热，年降水量较多。
- 美国气候多样，北部地区属于温带大陆性气候，南部地区属于亚热带气候。
阿拉斯加地区气候寒冷，夏威夷地区气候属于热带海洋性气候。
整体上，美国西部偏干燥，东部偏湿润。
4. 主要城市:- 英国主要城市包括伦敦、曼彻斯特、伯明翰、利物浦等。
伦敦是英国首都，也是英国最大的城市，世界上最重要的金融中心之一。
- 美国主要城市包括纽约、洛杉矶、芝加哥、旧金山、华盛顿等。
纽约是美国最大的城市，也是世界金融中心之一，华盛顿是美国首都。
5. 自然资源:- 英国主要矿产资源包括煤炭、天然气、铁矿石和石油。
海洋渔业资源也非常丰富。
- 美国拥有丰富的煤炭、石油、天然气、铁矿石等矿产资源，以及广大的农业土地和丰富的水资源。
6. 语言和宗教:- 英国官方语言是英语，宗教主要是基督教，其中以英国国教会和天主教最为流行。
- 美国官方语言也是英语，宗教信仰多元，基督教、犹太教、伊斯兰教等都有一定的信徒。
英美历史概况:1. 古代历史:- 英国在古代分别由凯尔特人、罗马人、盎格鲁-撒克逊人和维京人等民族统治，1066年诺曼征服后建立了专制统治的王朝。
自考英语国家概况---复习资料--英国国家概况知识点及经济篇英语国家概况经济篇文档.doc
英语国家概况经济篇%1.自然资源英国:Compare with many other countries,Britain has comsiderable reserves of coal.Today British coal mining is called a "sick" industry.Natural gas and oil was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea.Britain was the first nation to build a large iron and steel industry.Rich deposits of iron ore were found in central England.As with the coal industry,Britain's steel industry is declining.美国:Fertile soil is one of the most important natural resouces in the United States.America's forest resources are among the world's largest.Another natural resource that contributes to the welfare of the country is water.America is the leaders in production of Coal,iron ore,cpper,oil,sulfur,lead and zine.But short for tin,manganese,and nikel.爱尔兰Ireland is now the largest producer of lead and zinc concentrates in Europe.While Ireland lacks sizeable oil deposits,it has a valuable energy source in the peat,or turt,bogs that cover extensive areas of the country.力口拿大:Water is one of the most important natural resources in Canada.Almost half of the land area of Canada is covered by forests. Canada ranks third,in the production of lumber and other forest products in the world.The largest producer of newsprint in the world.Canada is a primary world producer of nickle,zine and asbestoes,and comes second in potash,third in gold and fourth in copper.Canada is a major world supplier of uranium.Experts believe that the cold fields of Canada may be among the largest in the world.A great deposit of petroleum was discovered south of Edmonton in Alberta. About two thurdsof Canada's petroleum and about four fifths of its natural gas come from Alberta.澳大利亚:Australia is one of the world's biggest producers of minerals and metals.It has major deposits of bauxite,mineral sands,diamonds,and black and brown coal,and large reserves of ores containing gold,lead,zinc,iron,copper,nikel,manganese and uranium. It is the world largest exporter of coal,and a major exporter of uranium.新西兰:There is an increasingly large share of energy comes from local resources:natural gas,crude oil,hydroelectricity and geothermal steam. Coal is of growing importance.Solar energy,vegetable oils and ethylalcohol from fermentation make small contributions.%1.农业英国:The Britain were pioneers in modern agriculture and were among the first to bring science and machinery to farming.The new farming has been called "agribusiness" .There are mainly six farming types in Britain.They are arable farning,dairy fariming, stock farming,mixed farming,hill farming and market gardening.Because of the cool climate,apples,pears and plums grwo very well in Britain.The North Sea has very good fishing grounds.美国:Yet the United States grows nearly one fourth of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world.It ranks first,second,or third in the production and export of corn, wheat, rice, soybeans, oranges, meat,milk, apples,oats,cotton,tobaoo, peanuts,and edible vegetable oil.（具体的在什么地方种什么东西可以参照书上P289-291）爱尔兰:Agriculture generates anestimated 11% of the Ireland GNRemploys 17% of the labour force and produces 25% of total exports.The most signigicant recent development in Irish agriculture has been membership in the European Community.加拿大:The land used for agriculture makes up only 7 % in Canada. Canada farms specialize in producing wheat,food crops for animals dairy products,and fruit.Fishing and mining are quiteimportant.The Canada Prairie is the centre of a rich wheat belt.Eastern Canada is noted for a variety of farm products.Dairying is in the lowlands of Quebec and Ontario.Fruits are grown in Western Nova Scotia.澳大利亚:Today,agriculture is the nation's largest and most diverse industry. Australia is one of the world's leading producers of food and natural fibres. Australia is the world's largest exporter of wool,the second largest exporter of meat,the third largest exporter of wheat and a major international supplier of sugar,dairy products,fruits,cotton and rice.Australia's agriculture importance has declined in recent years.新西兰:Vineyards produce international award-winning red and white wines.%1.制造业，工业英国:The textile is one of Britain's oldest.Textiles were on of the country's most vauluable exports.Britain became a world leader in shipbuilding during the middle of the 19th century.The two main centres for shipbuilding were on the River Tyne near Newcastle,England and on the Clyde near Glasgow in Scotland.The Britain motor industry now dominated by four firms(Ford,the RoverGroup,GM-Vauxhall,and Peugeot)There are three areas in Britain which have seen some high-tech industrial growth. Scotland has Europe's largest collection of foreign-owned chip factories.Over 90% of the companies are from the U.S. A.,Japan,the Netherlands and germany.美国:The untied States ranks first,second,third or fourth in the world in the production of crude steel,passenger cars,commercial vehicles,chemi cals,radio sets,television sets,and other manufacturing goods.Manufacturing accounts for about one quarter of theGDRabout one quarter of the national income,and over one fifth of the work force.The industrial regions are the Midwest(the nations's leading centre of heavy industry) round the Great Lakes,the Middle Atlantic states,the South,and the Pacific Coast.爱尔兰:Since the 1961 s,manufactuing has become the mainstay of the Irish economy.Of industrial employment,66% are employed in manufacting.力口拿大:Manufacturing is the mst important economic activity in Canada.Food processing is the leading industry. The manufacture of transportation equipment ranks second. The production of paper and paper related products ranks third, metal products are also important.澳大利亚:The mining industry in Australia has faced new problems in recent years.Australia's service sector is the fastest-growing sector of industry.lt has been growing in importance in recent years.新西兰:There are two steel comanies:New Zealand Steel which uses iron sands from the west coast of North Island,and Pacific Steel which reuses scrap iron.New Zealand is a world leader in the CNA(compressed natural gas) industry.Garments,fabrics and carpets are exported.The fishing industry has expanded greatly and is now the 4th largest export earner.%1.对外贸易英国:Britain is the fifth largest trading country in the world.Napoleon called it a "nation of shopkeepers".Britain's foreign trade is mainly with other developed countries.which accounts for 79% of exports and 85% of imports. About half with EC.Traditionally,Britain has had a deficit on visible trade and a surplus on invisible trade.美国:Currenty U.S. exports are about 15% of the world's total.The Unites States imports about 13% of all world imports.Canada is the largest single source og goods imported by the U.S.‘accounting for nearly 30% of the total. Outside of North America,Europe is the largest source of imports with about 30%,Asia provides about 18%,with smaller percentages from Latin America,Africa,and Australia.爱尔兰:Successive Irish governments have adopted a consistent and postive approoach toward attracting overseas investment.The new foreign firms now account for over 70% of manufactured exports.Ireland is new an industrial exporter.Manufactured goods account for about two-thirds of total wxports.力口拿大:A total about four fifths of all foreign investments in Canada are American.澳大利亚:Australia is a middle-level trading nation.The main feature of Australia's trade is that it has always involved the exchange of raw materials for finished products.Australia's trade relations with China have been developing rapidly in recent years. China accouts for about 3% of Australian total exports.新西兰:Trade is New Zealand's linelihood.Foreign investment is increasing and financial markets are active.Western Europe and particularly Britain have traditionally been New Zealand's major export market.The main imports are industrial raw materials,capital equipment and consumer goods.New Zealand is the world's largest exporter of lamb and mutton as well as dairy products.%1.当今面临的问题英国:Britain is the oldest industrial country in the world.The term "Britain disease" is noew often used to characterise Britain's economic decline.The Evolution of the Britain Economy since the War: 1.Steady development in the 50s and 60s.2.Economic recession in the 70s.3.Economic recovery in the 80s.这里有一部分是撒切尔的宏，微观措施比较重要(P91-92)Irel and FiannaFail,TheSenate,美国:The Untied States has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector. So the economy system of the United States is principally privately owned.But today,many of American people still live under the poverty line.Unemployment,inflation,finacial deficit,and trade deficit are the troubles that always face the United States.爱尔兰:The value of imports generally exceeds that of exports. That's why Ireland has a chronic negative balance of trade.Continuing dependence on imported oil is one of the reasons for the high import bill.力口拿大:In the past few years ho we ver,C anada' s unemployment rate has been high.But what is worth nothing is that the cost for manufacturing has increased while the productivity per worker has decreased as compared with the United States or with its ten trading partners.While Canada has one of the world's highest standards of living,not all regions of the country have enjoyed the same degree of prosperity.Some measures have been taken by the Federal government to help those slow grownth regions. 澳大利亚:Problems of Australia economy: 1 .Over-reliance on commodityexports.2.Failure to share in the expansion of international trade.3.The decline of manufaturing industries and the effects of tariffs.Country Party system HousesBritain The conservative Party, The House of Commons The Labour Party The House of Lorbs The U.S. The Democrats, The Senate,The Republic The House of RepresentativesFine Gael The House of RepresentativesAustralia The Labour Party, The Senate,the Liberal and National Party The House of RepresentativesNew Zealand The National Party,The Labour Party The House of RepresentativesCanada The Liberal Party, The Senate,the Progressive Conservative Party The House of Representatives考试前注意事项考前准备：一、欲善其事，必先利其器。
英美概况复习资料1文档
英美概况复习资料1文档1.The statement “A person cannot step into the same river twice.” was said by _____.A. PythagorasB. PlatoC. HeraclitusD. Democtitus2.________ said, “One thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing.”A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales3.________ founded the science of logic.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales4.The Republic was written by ___________.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales5.“Question-and-answer” technique was created by _________.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales6.“The Renaissance” was between _________.A. 1500-1700 A.D.B. 1400-1700 A.D.C. 1300-1600 A.D. D. 1400-1600 A.D.7._________ said, “I think; therefore, I am”.A. David HumeB. Rene DescartesC. John RockD. George Berkeley8.__________ was called the farther of modern Rationalism.A. David HumeB. Rene DescartesC. John RockD. George Berkeley9.________ was called the modern father of Empiricism.A. David HumeB. Rene DescartesC. John RockD. George Berkeley10._________ combined elements of both Rationalism and Empiricism into one newcomprehensive system.A. Immanuel KantB. George HegelC. John RockD. George Berkeley11.________ were mainly interested in love, Nature and art.A. The National RomanticsB. The Universal RomanticsC. The Classical RomanticsD. The contemporary Romantics.12.The British Isles is made up of ________>A.Three large islands and hundreds of small onesB.Two large islands and hundreds of small onesC.Three large islands and dozens of small onesD.Two large islands and dozens of small ones13.The tower of London, located in the center of London, was built by _______.A. King HaroldB. William the ConquerorC. Robin HoodD. Oliver Cromwell14.Between 1337 and 1453 the ______ took place in Britain.A. Wars of RosesB. Black deathC. Hundred Years’ warD. peasants uprising15.In English individualistic culture, one should not bother Englishmen without a good reasonand making appointment beforehand seems to be important. It is best reflected by an English proverb __________.A. as welcome as a stormB. an Englishmen’ s house is his castleC. don’t wear out your welcomeD. outstay one’s welcome16.Which of the king was executed in the civil war?A. James IB. Charles IC. James IID. Charles II17.Westminster Palace is the ___________.A.seat of British House of ParliamentB.seat of English ChurchC.residence of king and queenD.Residence of Prime Minster18.No. 10 Downing Street is ________.A.Office of British NavyB.Official residence of Prime MinsterC.Seat of English parliamentD.Official residence of King19.The oldest university in Britain is ________.A. Cambridge UniversityB. St. Andrews UniversityC. OxfordD. Edinburgh University20.British English is spoken in _______.A. Great BritainB. AustraliaC. New ZealandD. A,B and C21．The goal of Roosevelt’s New Deal was _________.A. to save the American economic and political systemB. to change the American economic systemC. to weaken monopoly interests in AmericaD. to nationalize banks and financial institutions in America. 22．The American Civil War lasted from _______ to _______.A. 1858,1861B. 1861, 1863C. 1861, 1865D. 1863, 186723．During World War I, the U.S. government actually pursued a policy of _________.A. neutralityB. pro-Ally partialityC. pro-Axis partialityD. appeasement(绥靖政策)24. The American population movement between the end of the civil war and 1880 had much to do with _______.A. the westward movementB. the urbanizationC. the industrializationD. the development of hi-tech industries25. In the U.S., the senatorial term is _________ years.A. 3.B. 4C. 6D. 826. The______ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.A .WhigsB .ToriesC .RadicalsD .Nonconformists27．_____ constitute the dominant sector of the U.S. economy.A. state-owned businessB. privately owned businessC. independent professionalsD. government-run business28. Among the Great Lakes, ______ is the only one entirely in the United States.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake HuronC. Lake OntarioD. Lake Michigan。
英语国家概况复习资料
英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况是学习英语的重要一环，了解英语国家的历史、文化、地理等方面，有助于更好地理解和运用英语。
在这篇文章中，我们将回顾一些关于英语国家的基本知识，帮助大家复习和加深对这些国家的了解。
一、英国（United Kingdom）英国是英语的发源地，也是英语国家中最重要的一个。
它由四个国家组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
英国是一个具有悠久历史和丰富文化的国家，拥有众多的文学、音乐和戏剧作品。
莎士比亚、狄更斯、毛姆等伟大的作家都出自英国。
此外，英国还有许多著名大学，如剑桥大学和牛津大学。
二、美国（United States）美国是世界上最大的英语国家之一，也是世界上最强大的国家之一。
它拥有丰富的资源和多元化的文化。
美国是一个移民国家，各种不同的文化和宗教在这里融合。
美国有众多著名的城市，如纽约、洛杉矶和芝加哥，每个城市都有其独特的魅力和特色。
此外，美国还是全球科技和创新的领导者，许多世界知名的科技公司都来自美国。
三、加拿大（Canada）加拿大是北美洲的一个国家，是英语和法语并存的国家。
加拿大是一个拥有广阔土地和丰富资源的国家，同时也是一个多元文化的国家。
加拿大的自然风光非常壮观，有着世界上最美丽的国家公园和湖泊。
此外，加拿大在教育和医疗领域也非常发达，拥有世界一流的大学和医疗系统。
四、澳大利亚（Australia）澳大利亚是一个位于南半球的国家，也是一个英语国家。
澳大利亚拥有宽广的土地和独特的动植物资源，是世界上最大的岛屿国家。
澳大利亚的自然环境非常独特，有着世界上最壮观的珊瑚礁和大堡礁。
此外，澳大利亚还以其高质量的教育和研究机构而闻名，吸引着来自世界各地的留学生。
五、新西兰（New Zealand）新西兰是一个位于南太平洋的岛国，也是一个英语国家。
新西兰的自然环境非常优美，有着壮丽的山脉、湖泊和海岸线。
新西兰是一个农业和旅游业发达的国家，其乳制品和葡萄酒在世界上享有盛誉。
英美概况-复习资料
word 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载Test 1A. EdwardB. AlfredC. CanuteD. Harold I 2.TheEnglish Reformation began with _B_A. Henry VIIB. Henry VIIIC. Mary TudorD. Edward VI3.In the reform of the Church, Henry VIII dissolved all of England's monasteries and nunneries beca were much more loyal to _A_ than to their English kings.A. the PopeB. Jesus ChrCi.s oman CatholicD. the bishops4.For nearly thirty years, Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other the two great Catho the time, B_ , and prevented England from getting involved in any major European conflict.A. Spain and GermanyB. France and SpaiCn. Spain and Denmark D. France and Italy 5.In theIndustrial Revolution, changes occurred earliest and quickest in _B_A. hardwareB. textilesC. po .te emicals6.About a hundred years ago, as a result of its imperialist expansion, Britain ruled an empire that h of the world's people and __C__ of the world's land area.A. halfB. one thir. one fourt . one fifth7. At the general election of 1945 Winston Churchill was heavily defeated, because _D_A. he was old-fashionedB. people did not support his postwar policiesC. he was not qualified as a prime minister in a peaceful ageD. people wanted to forget about the war8. In January, _A_ Britain became a full member of the European Economic Community.A. 1973B.1979C. 1967 .9579. In Britain the order of succession to the Crown can be altered only by common consent of _D_A. all members of the royal faBm.il he House of Lords and the House of CommonsC. cabinet and ministryD. the countries of the Commonwealth10.c_ is responsible for the security, accommodation and services in the House of Lords' part of th Westminster.A. The Lord ChancellorB. The SpeakerC. The Gentleman Usher of the Black RDo.d The Clerk of the parliaments 11.Theultimate authority for law-making resides in _a_.A. the House of CommonsB. the QueenC. the CabinetD. the House of Lords 12._A_only has men priests at present.A. The Church in Wale. The Church of EnglanCd. The Free Church D. The Church of Scotland 13.Theimportant patriotic festival in Britain is _CA. St.Georges DayB. St.Patrick's DCa.y Armistice DayD. Boxing Day14.Higher education in Britain is generally supported by _A_A. public fundBs. students themselvCe.s businessD. private sources15.The basic ethnic stock of Ireland is _D.A. NorseB. EnglishC. NormanD. Celtic16.Irish is a _B_ language.A. Anglo-SaxonB. CelticC. LatinD. Greek17.The arrival of _c in AD432 was the most important event in Irish history .A. E.ChildersB. Palladiu . St. PatrickD. Eamon deValera18.In American history, the largest immigration movement did not take place until _A_ A. 1815B.1900C.1917D.1945word 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载19. Most Americans lived in _A_A. city areasB. countrysideC. mountain areasD. river valleys20.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. is the _A_A. blacksB. HispanicsC. Asian-AmericansD. White ethnics21.The Pilgrim buialtcolony named _C_ after they arrived in America.A. JamestownB. BostonC. PlymouthD. Yorktown22.The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continental CongreDs_s. on July 4A. 1773B. 1774C.1775D. 177623.The American Constitutional system was went up to in _D_A. 1776B. 1781C.1787D.179124.Pushed by theProgressiv ovement, Presiden heodore Roosevelt(1901-1909)and Woodrow Wilson(1913-1921) initiated changes from the 19th century tradition of _B_.A. monopolyB. laissez faiCr.e government regulati market controlA. economyB. politic . societyD. democracy26.The Truman Doctrine was directed against _B_A. Nazi fascismB. CommunismC. Japan27.Kennedy proposed the program of _C_.A. New FreedomB. New DealC. New FrontierD. War on Poverty28.The United States has a free-market economy with a dominant _C_ sector.A. state-ownedB. collectCi.veprivateD. corporate29.Among the following, _A is not an automobile giant.A. the International Business Mac.in neral MotorsC. Ford D. Chrysler30. The New Right did not opposed _D_A. abortionB. affirmative actiCo.n tax risinDg. education31.A conference was held in Philadelphia in May ,1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation. All of except _A_ were represented at the Constitutional Convention.A. Rhode IslandB. MaineC. GeorgiaD. Hawaii32.The president cannot vote a law if Congress passes it by a _c vote at the second time. A. one-thirdB.halfC. two-third . three-fourths33.The president of the United States is the head of the _B_ branch.A. legislativeB. executiveC. judicialD. party34.Elementary and secondary education in the United States covers _C_ years.A.10B.11C.12D.1335.The community college made its appearance in the early _C_A. 1700sB.1800sC. 1900sD.1990s36. About _C_ American adults participate in an organized learning group each year.A. a halfB. one in thre . one in fourD. one in five37. In the early part of the 19th century, ___d___ was the center of American writing.A. BostonB. PhiladelphiaC. ChicagoD. New York38. Theodore Dreiser was the representa _.ofA. KnickerbockersB. TranscendentalistsC. Lost GenerationD. Naturalists.39.Canada covers about _A_ of the North American continent.A. 2/5B.1/5C.1/2D.3/440.A major part of the Canadian population lives along the _B_ border.A. northernB. southernC. westernD. easternA. St. Patrick word 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载41.The United Canada was, at confederation, divided into Ontario and _C_A. New BrunswickB. AlbertaC. QuebecD. Manitoba42.In Canadian history, _D_ created a federal union in 1867.A. The Quebec ActB. The Act of Unio . The Statue of Westminst r. the British North America Act43. The land of Australia is rather flat and more than 50% of the land is under 300m _c_ sea level.A. belowB. on C .above D. near44. The most pleasant part of Australia where the climate is cool and wet is its _A_A. south - east coastlBa.ndcentral eastern lowlaCn.dswestern plateaDu. Victorian Highlands45. The State of _B_ is regarded as the cultural and sports center of Australia.A. New South WalesB. VictoriaC. QueenslandD. South Australia46. New South Wales is located _B_ Australia.A. to the southwest towardsB. in the soutCh.eaisnt tohfe southeastD.toat the southeast in47. Over _C_ of the land in New Zealand is more than _ meters above sea level. A.1;2, 100B.3;4,400C.3;4,200D.2;5,30048. The red _B_ is called New Zealand Christmas tree because it flowers in December.A. rataB. PohutukawaC. kowhaiD. totara49. The bird calledisD a national symbol of New Zealand.A. wekaB.pukekoC. bellbirdD.kiwi50.C_is now one of the two official languages of Aotearoa in New Zealand.A. FrenchB. HollandC. MaoriD. PolynesiaTest 21. The Celts' religion was _D_A. ChristianityB. Norman beliefC. Roman Catholic2._B_ was the first Archbishop of Canterbury who was remarkably successful in converting the British k the nobility to Christianity.B. S ．t AugustineC. St. PalladiusD. Bthelbert3. William replaced the Witan, the council of the Anglo-Saxon Kings, with _A_A. the Grand CouncilB. the House of LordsC. the House of CommonsD. ParliamentA. political; militaryB. political; economicC. territorial; religiousD. territorial; economic5. Thanks to Mary, Protestantism and _D_ were now forever synonymous in Britain. _dA. CatholicismB. prosecutionC. the ReformationA. reformB. evolutionC. revolutionD. reformation 7. The Chartis ovement was officiallyaunchedat a greatBirmingham meetingin _b, with the aim ofpressing the Parliament to accept the People's Charcter.A. 1836B.1838C.1840D.18428. The United Kingdom is a _A State.A. unitaryB. federalC. republicD. feudal9. The _B_ Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. A. Canadian B. BritishC. Australian D. IrishD. nationalism 6. The agricultural changes in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in England were so great tha D. Druidismword 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载10. The Houses of Parliament in U.K. were rebuilt between 1835afatnedr 1h8a5v7ing been destroyed by _c_.A. warB. an earthquakeC. fireD. an explosion11. In Britain, the members of the House of Commons are elected for a maximum of _C_A. fourB. threeC. fiveD. six12. Greater London is divided into _b_A. 32 boroughsB.32 boroughsand theCityof LondonC. 53 boroughsD.53 boroughsand theCityof London13. Established Churches in Britain are _D_A. Church of England and Church of Wale . Church in Wales and Church of ScotlandC. the Anglican ChurchesD. Church of England and Church of Scotland14. The seventh Sunday after Easter is _C_A. Good FridayB. Easter SundayC. Whit SundayD. not a festival15. In Britain, medical and veterinary courses normally require _C_ years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. eight16._D_ have been a traditional source of conflict between the English and Irish.A. Political Persecut.onEconomic interestC. Ethnic discriminat o.nReligious differences 17.The firstblacks were brought to North America as slaves in _b_A. 1519B. 1619C. 1719D.181918. The victory at _A_ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown19. In American history, the Americans went to war against the British _B_A. only onceB. on two occasion . for three timDe.s for four times20. The Compromise of 1850 allowed __d__ to be accepted as a free state.A. New MexicoB. UtahC. PennsylvaniaD. California21.Lincoln’Esmancipa tionProclamationand theThirteent mendment to theConstitutiofnormallyended _C_A. the immigration movementB. the CivilC.Watrhe slave systemD. the industrialization22. When Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the _C_ states broke away and found the Confederate S of America.A. northernB. westernC. southernD. eastern23. Versailles Treaty System was the result of Paris Conference in _B_A. AsiaB. EuropeC. North AmericaD. Africa24. The Second World War finally ended in _A_A.1945B. 1946C.1947D.194925. The Standard Oil Company was founded by _CA. MorganB. FordC. RockefellerD. Dupent26. The longest war that the United States has fought is _C_A. the War of IndependenceB. the Civil WarC. the Vietnam WarD. the Gulf War27. Under the pressure of the Anti-war Movement _C_ decided not to run for the presidency for a secondA. TrumanB. NixonC. JohnsonD. Kennedy28._D_ was meant to guarantee the blacks and others the right to vote.A. Emancipation Proclamation in 1863B. the Civil Rights Act of 1964C. the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865D. the Voting Rights Act of 196529. The United States is by far the a_ industrial country in the world.A. biggestB. second biggestC. third biggestD. fourth biggestword 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载30The American economy is characterized by a high degree of _d_A. government regulationB. individual ownershiCp. corruption D. monopoly 31.Thesafeguards against misuse of the powers come in the form of _A_A. separation of powerBs. executive orderCs. presidential electDi.onpsarty political 32.TheAmerican Constitution is the _A_ written Constitution in the world.A. oldestB. longestC. youngestD. shortest33.The Constitution allows the President to give __B_ and pardons in federal criminal cases.A. absolutionsB. reprievesC. testimoniesD. amnesties34._B_ must first come from the House of Representatives.A. Appointments of high offici .lsRevenue billCs. Military bilDl.sBanking bills 35.Higher educationin the United States began with the founding of __A_ in 1636.A. Harvard CollegeB. YaleC. MITD. Princeton36. The system of higher education in the U.S. has three principal functions except _D_A. teachingB. researchC. public serviceD. individual service37. In America, junior colleges include the following college except _B_ one.A. juniorB. BibleC. communityD. technical38. At the master's level the program is primarily _B_ oriented , an extension of undergraduate studyA. researchB. courseC. vocationD. doctoral39. The first American writings were written by those first settlers in _A_ colonies.A. EnglishB. FrenchC. SpanishD. Dutch40. Mark Twain's masterwork was _B_A. The Sketch BookB. The Adventure of Huckleberry FinnC. NatureD. Laves of Grass41. The biggest and best-loved holiday in the United States is _D_A. New Year's DayB. Independence DayC. Thanksgiving DayD. Christmas Day42. The two principal river systems in Canada are the Mackenzie and _B_A. the Great lakeB. the St. Lawrenc. the Hudson RiverD. the Saskatchewan River 43._B_ isthe Canadian section of the Great Plains of North America.A. Atlantic Provinc s. The Prairie ProvincesCs. The Canadian Shiel . British Columbiaroots of French Canada.A. Hudson BayB. OttawaC. Quebec CityD. Montreal45. Canada, Confederation, was made up of four provinces, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and _D_A. NewfoundlandB. ManitobaC. AlbertaD. New Brunswick46. Australia is in the _C_ hemisphereA.northernB.easternC.southernD.weastern47. Victoria is also known as _D_48. The size of New Zealand is similar to _CA. Britain or CanadaB. Canada or AustraliaC. Britain or JapanD. Australia or U.S.A.49. In the 1870s the main export of New Zealand became _C_A. timberB. foodC. woolD. gold50. A New Zealand of European descent is known as a _D_A.PakehaB.KiwiC.PukekoD.MaoriTest 31. The Bill of Rights is the term for the first amendments to the Constitution.a. ten B. eleven c. twelve d. thirteen2. The President of the United States is head of the branch.a. legislativeb. executivec. judiciald. party3. The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by during the Civil War.a. George Washingtonb. Abraham Lincolnc. Thomas Jeffersond. Franklin Roosevelt4. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of .a. cultural revivalb. loss of purposec. development in science and technologyd. material success and spiritual frustration5. It was who first called Native Americans “Indians”.a. Lincolnb. Columbusc. Washingtond. Jefferson6. The United States did not join the Second World War directly untila. Great Depressionb. Pearl Harbor incidentc. the Japanese attack on Chinad. the German attack on Poland7. When we speak of “father of waters” or “old man river”, we are referring to .a. the Colorado River b . the Ohio Riverc. the Missouri Riverd. the Mississippi River8. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from .a. Franceb. Denmarkc. Irelandd. Germany9. The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, .a. First/1774b. First /1776c. Second/1774d. Second/177610. The British recorded history begins with .a. the arrival and settlement of Celtsb. the Norman Conquestc. Roman invasiond. Viking and Danish invasions11. The predecessor of the English parliament is .a. the Great councilb. the Witanc. the House of Plantagenetd. Magna Carta12. Civil Rights Movement happened in .a. the 1960sb. the 1950sc. the 1940sd. the 1930s13. The , the backbone of the North American continent, is also known as the Continental Divide.a. Appalachiansb. Rockiesc. Blue Ridge Mountainsd. Great Smokies14. To help the British East India Company out of difficulty, the British government allowed the compa at a lower price in the colonies through its own people.a. coffeeb. spicec. silkd. tea15. About half of the Britain’s trade is with .a. the United Statesb. South-east Asiac. the ECd. the Latin America16. The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament.a. 651b. 1,200c. 1,198d. 76317. Most Americans lived in .a. city areasb. countrysidec. mountain areasd. river valleys18. The British Parliament has a maximum duration of years.a. fourb. sixc. eightd. five19. Of the five Great Lakes on the border between Canada and the United States, is the onlyone entirely in the U. S.a. Lake Huronb. Lake Ontarioc. Lake Michigand. Lake Erie20. The Chartis ovement was officiall unchedata greatmeeting in Birmingham in ,with theaim of pressing the Pamrelnit to accept the People’s Charter.a. 1836b. 1838c. 1840d. 18421~5 abbdb 6~10 bdddc 11~15 aabdc 16~20aadcbTest 41.Fanklin Roosevelt’s program for the depression was called .a. Progressivismb. laissez fairec. New Freedomd. New Deal2. The United States did not join the Second World War directly until in December, 1941.a. Great Depressionb. Pearl Harbor incidentc. the Japanese attack on Chinad. the German attack on Poland3. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as .a. Lord Protectorb. Lieutenant Generalc. Commander of the New Model Armyd. President4. Ireland is in the of Great Britain.a. eastb. southc. westd. north5. WASPs referred to .a. the mainstream Americansb. Hispanicsc. Asian-Americansd. Blacks6. Lincoln's Emancipation proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution formally endeda. the immigration movementb. the Civil Warc. the slave systemd. the industrialization7. About a hundred years ago, as a result of imperialist expansion, Britain ruled one fourth of the and of the world’s land area.a. one thirdb. one fifthc. one fourthd. tow fifths8. The Celt’s religion was .a. Teutonic religionb. Christianityc. Druidismd. Buddhism9. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of , keeping them within the bo feudal law of the land.a. the Archbishop of Canterburyb. the baronsc. the churchd. the king10. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in the .a. the House of Lordsb. the House of Commonsc. the Privy Councild. the Shadow Cabinet11. The English Renaissance was largely .a. religiousb. ideologicalc. philosophicald. literary12. In the Industrial Revolution, changes occurred earliest and quickest in .a. hardwareb. textilec. potteryd. chemicals13. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in .a. 200B. C.b. 55 B. C.c. 55 A. D.d. 410 A. D.14. The Hundred Years’ War started in .a. 1733b. 1453c. 1337d. 135715. Civil Rights Movement happened in .a. the 1960sb. the 1950sc. the 1940sd. the 1930s16. The open declaration of the containment policy was made by on March 12, 1949 in a speech to th session of Congress.a. President Rooseveltb. President Kennedyc. General Marshalld. President Truman17. The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament.a. 651b. 1,200c. 1,198d. 76318. About half of the Britain’s trade is with .a. the United Statesb. South-east Asiac. the ECd. the Latin America19. The British recorded history begins with .a. the arrival and settlement of Celtsb. the Norman Conquestc. Roman invasiond. Viking and Danish invasions20. At the beginning of the First World War, the United States pursued a policy of.a. containmentb. neutralityc. pro-Germany partialityd. pro-Ally partiality1~5dbaca 6~10 cccdb 11~15 dbbca 16~20daccbTest 51.There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four2.Magna Cartahad altogethe6r3 clausesof which themost importantmatterscouldbe seen in threeof the followingexcept _______.A. no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council;B. no serf should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the landC. London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privilegesD. There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country.3. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer a ft ee th century, and the Scottish inventor________ modified and improved the design in 1765.A. Abraham DarbyB. James WattC. John KayD. Richard Arkwright4. In some areas factory farming methods are used, particularly for ________.A. growing cropB. producing milkC. catching fishD. rearing poultry5. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______ by the Sovereign in the United KA. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House6. Under the Anglo - Irish Treaty, Britain established _______ with dominion status in Ireland in 1921A. the Anglican Church of IrelandB. the Irish Free StateC. the Irish Republican ArmyD. the Anglo - Irish Intergovernmental Council7. Irish broadcasting began in ______ in a small studio called Dublin Broadcasting Station.A. 1906B. 1916C. 1926D. 19368. _______ realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a against slavery.A. Frederick DouglassB. George WashingtonC. John AdamsD. Abraham Lincoln9. But even after the abolition of slavery, organized or individual discrimination was practiced againA. Chinese - AmericansB. American IndiansC. Japanese - AmericansD. black Americans10.From 1948 to 1966 averageyearlygrowth in realspendableearningswas ______ percentin theUnited States.A. 1.1B. 2.1C. 3.1D. 4.111. After a period of prosperity (1920 ~ 1929), government involvement in the economy increased ______A. during the Great DepressionB. after the WW IC. after the WW IID. during the Cold War12. The United States grows nearly _____ of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports the world.A. one thirdB. one fourthC. one sixthD. one seventh13. Through the Department of _____, the President is responsible for the protection of Americans abro foreign nationals in the United States.A. StateB. JusticeC. LaborD. Defense14. The community college embodies ________ belief that an education should be practical as well as liA. George Washington'sB. Thomas Jefferson'sC. Abraham Lincoln'sD. Franklin Roosevelt's15. The exploratory voyage made by ______ brought to a close to an era of European discovery of Austra had lasted nearly two hundred years.A. Arthur PhilipB. Mathew FlindersC. Port JacksonD. Peter Lalor16. After the outbreak of the First World War, Australia followed Britain's lead and declared war on _A. JapanB. TurkeyC. ItalyD. Germany17. The European discovery of Canada can be traced back to the end of the ______ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16thD. 17th18. Northern provinces and territories tale up _____ of Canada.A. halfB. two thirdsC. one thirdD. four fifths19. In New Zealand, hydroelectricity from rivers and dams supplies ________ of total energy.A. 15%B. 16%C. 17%word 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载D. 18%20. In the United States, Halloween is night - time ______ holiday.A. children'sB. men'sC. women'sD. old men's21. Australia is generally divided into the following three topographical regions except _____.A. the Great Western PlateauB. the OutbackC. the Eastern HighlandsD. the Central Eastern Lowlands22. In Britain the succession order of the Crown can be altered only by common consent of _____.A. all members of the royal familyB. the House of Lords and the House of CommonsC. cabinet and ministryD. the countries of the Commonwealth23. New Zealand is the world's largest exporters of ________.A. lambB. expertiseC. honeyD. potatoes24. Today _____ is Ireland's most influential daily.A. the Irish PressB. the Irish IndependenceC. the Irish TimesD. the Irish Daily25. In the United States, _____ is a leading commercial crop in the South.A. cottonB. tobaccoC. peanutD. apple1.C2. B3. B4. D5. A11. A 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. B 16. D 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. ATest 61. In America the academic year lasts nine months, from September to _____, with winter and spring vocA. JulyB. JuneC. August2. In elementary schools, courses for children include the following except _____.A. reading, writingB. social c u.r eign languagesword 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载D. sciences, art and musicE. cooking or other manual skills3. The American teachers’ pay and prestige are _____ in comparison with the general standard of livinA. highB. lowC. almost the same4. There are over _____ universities, colleges and other institutions in the United States.A. 2,000B. 2,500C. 3,0005. Today more than _____ of all the private colleges have some kind of church connection.A. 1/3B. 1/2C. 1/56. The library in _____ was the first private library in the US.A. Harvard CollegeB. Yale Coll .geCollege of New Jersey7. The first public library was founded in 1731 in _____.A. BostonB. PhiladelphiaC. Chicago8. At present America has more than _____ free public libraries.A. 6,000B. 5,000C. 7,0009. VOA Radio Station was established in _____.A. 1924B. 1934C. 189410. All the newspapers and magazines in America are _____ owned.A. publiclyB. privatelyC. locally11. _____ is the winter sport in American schools and colleges.A. FootballB. BasketballC. Baseball12. It was the _____ immigrants in the mid-19th century who introduced skiing into the United States.A. ScandinavianB. DutchC. French13. 101 American people won the Nobel Prize after _____.A. WWIB. Civil WarC. WWII14. At the end of WWII the art centre of the world moved from _____ to the new world.A. ParisB. LondonC. Berlin15. The famous story _____ helps Washington Irving earn great fame in the literary world.A. “Rip Van Winkle”B. “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”C. “The Adventures of a German Student”16. _____ is regarded as the father of detective stories.A. Mark TwainB. Edgar Allan PoeC. Herman Melville17. _____ is the first writer in America to win the Nobel Prize in literature.A. Sinclair Lewi . Saul BellowC. Ernest Hemingway18. Yale University was founded in _____.A. 1701B. 1746C. 174919. The greatest American playwright is _____.A. Arthur Mille . Eugene O’Niel C. Robert Frost20. _____ belonged to the Lost Generation.A. Ernest HemingwayB. Wilt Whitma . Tennessee Williams21. The most popular sport in America is _____.A. baseballB. basketballC. football22. After his death a bust of Henry Wa low was placed in the poet’s corner of _____.A. Westminster AbbeyB. camp of Cambridge UniversityC. Oxford University23. For his work, _____ was honoured “The Harlem Laureate”.A. Robert FrostB. Langston HughsC. Walt Whitman24. Arthur Ml er’s Masterpiece is _____.A. Death of a SalesmanB. The Crucibe。
英美概况知识点总结专升本
英美概况知识点总结专升本英美概况是指英国和美国的基本情况及相关知识的总结和概述。
英国和美国作为世界上最具影响力的两个国家之一，其政治、经济、文化等方面的情况对世界和全球化进程产生着重要的影响。
本文将从英国和美国的历史、政治、经济、文化、教育、社会等多个方面对这两个国家的概况进行总结。
一、英国概况1. 历史英国的历史悠久，可以追溯到几千年前。
公元前43年罗马帝国入侵英格兰，建立了罗马不列颠，标志着英国进入了历史时期。
在此后的几个世纪里，英国经历了盎格鲁-撒克逊、维京人和诺曼底入侵等一系列事件，形成了英国独特的历史文化传统。
2. 政治英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是英国女王。
英国议会由上议院和下议院组成，是英国的最高立法机构。
英国政府主要由首相和内阁组成，负责国家的日常管理和决策。
3. 经济英国是全球第六大经济体，其经济体系主要由资本主义制度组成。
英国的主要经济产业包括金融、制造业、科技、医疗保健和旅游业等。
伦敦是英国的金融中心，也是世界上最重要的金融中心之一。
4. 文化英国是全球文化的重要中心之一，拥有丰富的文化遗产和传统。
英国文学、音乐、戏剧和电影等领域都享有盛誉，许多作家、音乐家、演员和导演都在世界范围内备受尊敬。
5. 教育英国拥有世界上一些最著名的大学，如牛津大学、剑桥大学等。
英国的教育体系以高质量和多样化而著称，吸引着许多国际学生前来留学。
6. 社会英国的社会福利体系完善，保障了人民的基本权益。
英国是多元文化的社会，拥有来自世界各地的移民群体，形成了一个多元化和包容性的社会。
二、美国概况1. 历史美国的历史可以追溯到1492年克里斯托弗·哥伦布发现美洲大陆以来。
美国经历了移民潮、独立战争、内战、西部拓荒等一系列大事件，形成了美国独特的历史传统。
2. 政治美国是一个联邦制共和国，其政治体系基于宪法的原则。
美国总统是国家元首，由总统、参议院和众议院共同组成的三权分立制度是美国政治的核心特征。
英美概况复习资料
英美概况复习资料1.the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2.the Commonwealth of Nations 英联邦国家3.the European Union 欧洲联盟4.the Great Charter 英国大宪章5.the Bill of Rights 权利法案6.constitution 宪法7.constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制8.Buckingham Palace 白金汉宫9.divine right of kings 君权神授10.parliament 议会11.the Great Council大议会12.two-party system 两党制/doc/aa10228022.html,erning party执政党14.Opposition party在野党15.Prime Minister首相16.cabinet 内阁17.the common laws 普通法18.the House of Lords 上议院参议院19.the House of Commons 下议院众议院20.statute law 成文法21.conventions 习惯法22.general elections 大选23.the Conservative party 保守党24.the Labour party 劳工党25.national economy 国民经济26.Gross Domestic Product(GDP) 国内生产总值27.Gross National Product(GNP)国民生产总值28.G8(G8 Summit)8国首脑会议/doc/aa10228022.html,pulsory education 义务教育/doc/aa10228022.html,prehensive schools 综合学校31.gramma schools 文法学校32.vocational schools 职业学校33.Christmas 圣诞节34.Easter 复活节35.Boxing Day 节礼日36.Ramadan 斋月37.Bonfire Night 篝火之夜38.the World Trade Organisation(WTO)世界贸易组织39.the Great Dividing Range 大分水岭40.the Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁41.the Dreamtime 梦创时代42.the Dreaming 梦创信仰名词解释：1.London:London is the largest city located in the south of the country.It is dominant in Britain in all sorts of ways.It is cultural and business center and the headquarters of the vast majority of Britain?s big companies.It is not only the financial center of the nation,but also one of the three major international financial centers in the world.2.the Anglo-Saxons:They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century.They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.3.the functions of Parliament:The functions of Parliament are:to pass laws,to vote for taxation,to scrutinis government policy,administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day.4.the House of Lords:The House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual,who are the Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Church of England;and the Lords Temporal,which refers to those lords who either have inherited the sear from their forefathers or they have been appointed.The lords mainly represent themselves instead of the public.5.the House of Commons:The House of Commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives(Members of Parliament) make and debate policy.The MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.6.the importance of general elections:General elections are very important in western democracy.According to the author,they provide opportunities for people to influence future government policies and to replace those incompetent political leaders. 7.the formation of the government:651members of parliament are elected in the general election representing 651 constituencies in the UK.The party which holds a majority of those “seats”in parliament forms the government,with it?s party leader as Prime Minister.8.main sectors of the UK economyThe UK national economy can be divided into three main areas:primary industries,such as agriculture,fishing and mining;secondary industries which manufacture complex goodsfrom those primary products;and tertiary(or service) industries such as banking,insurance,tourism and the retailing.9.independent schools:Independent schools are commonly called public schools which areactually private schools that receive their funding through the private sector and tuition rates,with some government assistance.Independent schools are not part of national education system,but the quality of instruction and standards are maintained through visits from Her Majesty?s Inspectors of Schools.These schools are restricted to the students whose parents are comparatively rich.10.the Open University:The Open University was founded in Britain in the 1960s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher education for economic and social reasons.It?s open to everybody and does not demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities.Universities courses are followed through TV,videos and a net work of study centers.At the end of their study at Open Universities,successful students are awarded a universities degree.11.quality papers:They belong to one of the categories of the national dailies.The quality papers carry more serious and in-depth articles of particular political and social importance.They also carry reviews,such as book reviews,and feature articles about high culture.These papers are also referred to as “the broadsheets”because they are printed on large-size paper.The readers of such newspapers are generally a well-educated middle class audience.12.TabloidsA tabloid is a small format newspaper with color photos and catchy headlines.T abloids als lots of crime,sports and sensational human interest stories so as to attract readers.Stories are short,easy to read and often rely more on opinions than fact.They belong to a category of national papers different from quality papers.13.”football hooligans”:”Football hooligans”reflect the violence associated with football.While al social classes used to join in the local football match,it was regarded as being not all suitable for gentlemen.Visitors from abroad sometimes complained about stumbling into the midst of a rough and dangerous game when walking the streets of London,while local householders and merchants were troubled by having their windows broken by stray footballs.Drinking hard went along with playing hard.Today,violence is still associated with football.”Football hooligans” are supporters of rival teams.They sometimes clash before,during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town,breaking windows and beating each other up.14.the Great Famine:The Great Famine took place from 1845-1848 when successive potato crops failed and many people of Ireland starved to death,or died of the diseases which preyed on malnutrition.Many left the country for the NewWorld.The Great Famine became a watershed in Irish history,not merely because there was mass starvation and emigration,but also because the British government appeared to be indifferent to the fate of the poorest people in its nearest colony.Naturally this period is characterized by campaigns fornational independence and land reform.15.checks and balances:The Irish system of government is based on the American principle of “checks and balances”:that is, the power of the executive branch of government can be checked by the legislature(the two houses of parliament) and by the judiciary,through courts which interpret the laws.Enforcement is also part of the role of the courts of law,and is actually carried out by the police force.Both the legal system and the police force are conceived of as independent of political influence.16.the dreaming.;The dreaming is the belief system from ancient times that has bound indigenous groups together.The central principle of the Dreaming is that the people who live on the continent have special responsibilities to the land.The people don?t own the land,instead the land owns the people.The stories of the Dreaming provide principles of how people should live and interact with each other.They also provide principles of how people should live and interact with each other.They also provide knowledge of the land so that the indigenous people can survive in the life-threatingenvironment.17.Terra Nullius:Terra Nullius is from Latin.It means a land that is owned by no one.The British declared the Australian continent Terra Nullius to justify their invasion of the indigenous people?s land.It served to their taking possession of the land and devalued the indigenous people as uncivilized and not fully human.18.Ireland?s accession to the EU:Ireland?s accession to EU in 1971 has provided the followingbenefits to Ireland:1)EU?s funds for agriculture,/doc/aa10228022.html,cation.etc;2)Mobility of Irish people to the other EU countries;3)Further opening up of the Ireland marked and its accession to the EU markets;4)Faster economic development;growing wealth of the Irish people;5)Woman?s equal rights through EU laws.19.The Celtic Tiger:简答题Unit 11.描述英国在世界上的地理位置（东南西北分别是什么国家）Describe the geographical position of BritainBritain is an island country. It is surrounded by the sea. It lies inthe north Atlantic Ocean off thenorth coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the southand the North Sea in the east.Unit 22.描述英国人的性格孤傲(exclusiveness) ;保守(conservativeness ) ;polite独居(privacy)和个人自由(individualism) ;humor3.英国气候Rainy;changeable;unpredictable;mild;fogs;dampUnit 31. What are some of the characteristics of the British constitutional monarchy? How has the English monarchy evolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy?There are some characters in the Britain Constitutional Monarchy:1. The monarch is primarily to symbolize the traditional and unity of the British state. The Queen reigns but does not rule. And she is legally head of the executive and judiciary branches, an integral part of the legislature, the commander-in-chief of all armed forces and “supremegovernor” of the Church of England2. Parliament becomes the country authority centre, which have right to pass laws, bills and acts of Parliament, to vote for taxation, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the actions of the government and so on.3. The king must believe in Established Church (being that person succeeds to the throne not to be that Prod), catholic or same catholic get married.Until the end of the 17th century, British monarchs were an executive monarch, which means that they had he right make and pass legislation. But even in early time there were occasions when the Sovereign had to act in accordance with the law and take into account the will of the paper. With the signing Magna Charta in 1215, for example, the leading noblemen of England succeeded in forcing King John to accept that they and other freemen had rights against the Crown.In 17th century,the Stuart kings propagated the theory of the divine right of kings, claiming that the Sovereign was subject only to God and not to the law. Widespread unrest against their rule led to civil war in t he second half of the 17th century. In 1688-1689Parliamentarians drew up the Bill of Rights, which established basic tenets such as the supremacy of Parliament. The constitutional monarchy we know today really developed i n the 18th and 19th centuries, asday-to-day power came to beexercised by Ministers in Cabinet, and by Parliaments elected by a steadily-widening electorate.2.为何现代社会英国人仍保留君主立宪制？Unit42. What are the three big parties in the UK? What are some of the similarities and dissimilarities between the three parties?Unit 5Main sectors of the UK economy（1）National economies can be broken down into three main areas：primary industries, such as agriculture, fishing, and mining,Second-ary industries, which manufacture complex goods from those primary produets;And tertiary industuies often described as services, such as banking, insuranc, tourism, and the selling of goods.Unit 71. What are the purposes of the British education system?please comment on these purposes.what are the main purposes of theChinese education system?Are there any differences or similarities in the education of the two nations?The purpose of school is to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society,But the purpose of the British education system is also to socialise childrenChina；To pass the examsTo let everyone accepts education, have knowledge and skills tomake lifeTo get a good job and make moneyTo be able to cope with life on the wholeTo improve students? qualityCompulsory ——(1)Both the UK and China have compulsory education.(2)The general education systems in two countries are quite similar. They both have primary schooling, secondary and university education.(3)Both countries have vocational schools providing study and trainingfor those who want to follow a certain career insteadof seeking university education. differences——Chinese Education System and Western Education System have their own advantages and disadvantages.Chinese emphasizes foundational knowledge whereasWestern thinks highly of creativeness.Teaching Philosophy(1)the main concept of education(2)In Britain,education aims to develop individual abilities. But in China, we always kill students?ability of creation and imagination to some degree.Teaching Method(1)In Britain, t heir homework doesn?t have a unified right answer. If the answers given by students are reasonable, marks will be given. while in China, the knowledge we learn most have little relationship with our own life, they…re more basic courses .2.How does the British education system reflect social class?Unit 91.The author says tha t “the media are central to Britishleisureculture”, why does the author say so? What are some of the similarities and differences in terms of the function between the British media and the Chinese media?(1)On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. The thirdmost popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.(2)similarities:Firstly, like British Media, the role that ChineseMedia plays has become more and moreimportant.Secondly, both the two media have someorganizations which are dominant and influential.Thirdly, British Media and Chinese Media areaccelerating integration of the traditional mediaand IT.Differences: Paper media in the UK is still a huge industry no matter at present or in future. But in China, moreand more people begin to rely on Internet andhanging around online even with nothing at all todo.In addition, British Media has more freedom than theirChinese colleagues to criticize politic.Unit 101.How do the British celebrate Christmas? In what waydoes this holiday and the ways of celebration in Britain reflect western cultural tradition in general and British traditions in particular?(1)Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments. (2)there are some “Christian” traditions such as decorating the house with evergreen plant like holly and ivy.Nowadays,Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards,preparing holiday foods,and decorating homes and workplaces with colored lights,Christmas trees .Besides there are three Christmas traditions which are particular British:one is the Christmas Pantomime,a comical musical play.Another British Christmas tradition is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the television and radio.A third British tradition is Boxing Day,which falls on the day after Christmas.Traditionally,it was on Boxing Day that people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants.Unit 111.北爱尔兰与爱尔兰共和国的区别1).Northern Ireland is a province of the UK,the Republic of Ireland is an independent nation in its own right.2)The area covering the Republic of Ireland is 5 times of that ofNorthern Ireland.3)Most of the people in Northern Ireland are Protestants while the majority of the people in the Republic are Catholics.2.What are some of the features of Ireland's geographyUnit 121.describe the structure of the Irish government2.What is the responsibilities of the Irish government.Unit 151. What are the unique features of the Australian continent?答：Isolated from other major land masses, Australia?s distinctive flora and fauna evolved through its long period as an island continent.2. What is the impact of the assimilation policy on the indigenous people? 同化政策对本土人民的影响是什么？答：The missionaries on the “protected reserves” set out destroy the culture of the Dreaming and to replace it with Christianity. As the children grew to adulthood many of them had lost both their families and their culture. They were employed as domestic servants or on cattle stations .Young Aboriginal women were continually at risk of rape. Aboriginal people were excluded from the social ,the political ,the education ,the health services and other aspects. Racism was anentrenched part of Australian culture until the 1960s and operated at the personal and institutional level.诺曼征服的影响1)Relation with the Continent were opened,and civilization and commerce were extended.2)Norman -French culture,language,manners,and architecture were introduced.3)The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome,and the church courts were separated from the civil courts.4)The Norman Conquest was one of the most decisive events in English history,which caused a fundamental change in the way of life of English people.工业革命的定义The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.。
英语国家概况考试复习资料整理
一、题型一、题型英国、美国、爱尔兰、澳大利亚、新西兰英国、美国、爱尔兰、澳大利亚、新西兰 Objective 25% ,subjective 75% 1. Blank filling exercises to go with each unit in the book.( with the exception of P16-17, P50, P55, 25分) 2. Terms for explanation. （名词解释，25分，6*4分+1）3. Answer the questions briefly. （简答题，20分，5*4分）分）4. Elaborate the questions. （阐述题，要有论证，不少于（阐述题，要有论证，不少于100词，30分，3*10分）分）二、范围二、范围1.填空题答案：英国第二章：parliamentary democracy; the House of Commons, the House of Lords; the House of Commons; Commons; the the the Queen; Queen; Queen; executive; executive; executive; constitution; constitution; constitution; European European European Union Union Union (EU)(EU)；military military equipment; equipment; equipment; The The Lord Chancellor; proven guilty 英国第三章：banking, insurance; service; manufacturing; North Sea; Margaret Thatcher; military; 1970s; London; service; electronics 英国第四章：owner occupation, semi-detached, Detached houses, Class, Christmas, Boxing Day, Easter egg, The Guardian, 1400, The Broadcasting Act 英国第五章：1）reading writing Arithmetic 2）A-level 3）flexibility 4）Oxbridge 5)glorious wit 6) church 7)math physics computer science economics 8)12th 13th centuries 9) forty 10) tutorial 美国第三章：1) fifth 2) Northeast 3) one third 4) stock exchange 5) Greyhound Lines 6) Federal Reserve 7) High-tech 8) Retail 9) open 10) unemployment 美国第四章：1) melting pot, salad bowl 2) cultural group 3) baseball 4) religious beliefs and practices 5) Ernest Hemingway 6) Telecommunications 7) coffee 8) American football 9) home school 10) Thanksgiving Day 美国第五章：1) Northeast, Southeast 2) Harvard 3) private 4) master ’s 5) colleges, curriculum 6) eastern Atlantic 7) California 8) Stanford 9) Community college 10) Y ale 澳大利亚第一章：(1) ―the Oldest Cont inentǁ ―the Last of Landsǁ ―the Last F rontier.ǁFrontier.ǁ (2) Aboriginals (3) convicts (4) Gold Rush (5) Canberra (6) license (7) the Age of Exploration (8) Great Depression (9) Melbourne Agreement 10) The Australia Act 澳大利亚第二章：wool mineral exploitation foreign investment farming immigration political movement economy deregulation small domestic market service industry cattle 澳大利亚第三章：1) diversity 2) 25.6% 3) shared values 4) favorable climate 5) Greg Norman 6) Melbourne 7) suburban character 8) The Australian Ballet 9) Georgian 10) independent 澳大利亚第四章：1) low living costs 2) Sydney 3) British 4) financial stringency 5) The Australian Universities Commission Act 1959 6) the Commonwealth government 7) The Dawkins Revolution 8) males 9) The Australian Government 10) The University of Melbourne 新西兰第一章：1) 1) island island 2) 2) Mount Mount Mount Cook Cook 3) 3) reverse reverse 4）30 5）Wellington 6）Maori 7）James Cook 8）Treaty of Waitangi 9）founding document 10）a Commonwealth realm 新西兰第二章：1) 1) international international international trade trade 2) 2) primary primary primary products products 3) 3) United United United Kingdom Kingdom 4）export earner 5）oil 6）the North and South islands 7）Railways 8）Australia 9）competitive 10）a quarter 新西兰第三章： 1) Queen Elizabeth II 2) separation of powers 3) Cabinet 4）Labor Party 5）work-based 6）Government 7）fully funded 8）Christianity 9）traditional performance art 10）drastically reduced 新西兰第四章：1) 1) a a a world-class world-class world-class educational educational educational system system system in in in a a a lifelong lifelong lifelong learning learning learning society society 2) 2) all all post-school education and training 3) The University of Otago 4）The University of of Auckland Auckland 5) 5) The The The Student Student Student Loan Loan Loan Scheme Scheme 6) 6) a a a competitive competitive competitive examination examination 7) 7) technical technical 8）train teachers 9）Maori teaching and research institutions 10) Australia 爱尔兰：1) Ireland is an island, the third-largest in Europe and the twentieth-largest on Earth.2) "Ireland and Britain" is often used as a neutral term for the islands of British Isles in order to avoid controversy. 3) The River Shannon, the island's longest river at 386 km (240 mi) long, rises in County Cavan in the northwest and flows 113 kilometres (70 mi) to Limerick city in the mid west.4) Precipitation falls throughout the year but is light overall, particularly in the east.5) The The Irish Irish Irish people people are are an an an ethnic ethnic ethnic group group group who who who originate originate originate in in in Ireland, Ireland, Ireland, an an an island island island in in in northwestern northwestern Europe.(Page 5)6) The scientist Robert Boyle is considered the " father of chemistry".7) Traditionally, Ireland Ireland is is is subdivided subdivided into into four four four provinces: provinces: provinces: Connacht(west), Connacht(west), Leinster(east), Munster(south), and Ulster(north).8) That That the the the population population population of of of Ireland Ireland Ireland collapsed collapsed collapsed dramatically dramatically dramatically during during during the the the second second second half half half of of of the the the 19th 19th century century resulted resulted resulted mainly mainly mainly from from from the the the dire dire dire economic economic economic state state state of of of the the the country, country, which which led led led to to to an an entrenched culture of emigration lasting until the 21st century. (Page 7)9) Ireland is ranked as one of the wealthiest countries in the OECD and the EU-27 at 5th in the OECD-28 rankings as of 2008. 10) The 1995 to 2000 period of high economic growth was called the " Celtic Tiger ", a reference to the "tiger economies" of East Asia.(Page 11)11) In November 2010 the Irish Government published the National Recovery plan, which aims to restore order to the public finances and to bring its deficit in line with the EU target of 3% of economic output by 2015.(Page 14)12) The primary sector constitutes about 5% of Irish GDP, and 8% of Irish employment.13) Ireland's Ireland's inequality inequality inequality of of of income income income distribution distribution distribution score score score on on on the the the Gini Gini Gini coefficient coefficient coefficient scale scale scale was was was 30.4 30.4 30.4 in in 2000, slightly below the OECD average of 31. (Page 17)14) In January 1999 Ireland was one of eleven European Union member states which launched the European Single Currency, the euro. 15) The Celts were commonly thought to have colonized Ireland in a series of invasions between the 8th and 1st centuries BC. (Page 22)16) From the mid-14th century, after the Black Death, Norman settlements in Ireland went into a period of decline. (Page 26)17) An An extraordinary extraordinary extraordinary climatic climatic climatic shock shock shock known known known as as as the the the "Great "Great "Great Frost" Frost" Frost" struck struck struck Ireland Ireland Ireland and and and the the the rest rest rest of of Europe Europe between between between December December December 1739 1739 1739 and and and September September September 1741, 1741, 1741, after after after a a a decade decade decade of of of relatively relatively relatively mild mild winters. (Page 28)18) In 1800, the British and Irish parliaments both passed Acts of Union that, with effect from 1 January 1801, merged the Kingdom of Ireland and the Kingdom of Great Britain to create a United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.（Page 29）19) The The Great Great Great Famine Famine Famine of of of the the the 1840s 1840s 1840s caused caused caused the the the deaths deaths deaths of of of one one one million million million Irish Irish Irish people people people and and and over over over a a million more emigrated to escape it.20) It was not until 1949 that the state was declared, officially, to be the Republic of Ireland.21) There are a number of languages used in Ireland. Irish is the only language to have originated from from within within within the the the island. island. island. English English English was was was first first first introduced introduced introduced to Ireland to Ireland in in the the the Norman Norman Norman invasion invasion invasion and and was spoken by a few peasants and merchants brought over from England. (Page 35,Page 34)22) Jonathan Swift, the foremost satirist in the English language, was wildly popular in his day for works such as Gulliver's Travels a nd and A Modest Proposal .(Page 36)23) In the 20th century, Ireland produced four winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature.(Page 36)24) Gaelic Gaelic football football football is is is the the the most most most popular popular popular sport sport sport in in in Ireland Ireland Ireland in in in terms terms terms of of of match match match attendance attendance attendance and and community involvement, with about 2,600 clubs on the island.(Page 38)25) The The introduction introduction introduction of of of the the the potato potato potato in in in the the the second second second half half half of of of the the the 16th 16th 16th century century century heavily heavily heavily influenced influenced cuisine of Ireland.(Page 39)26) The education system of Ireland has three distinct levels: primary, secondary, and higher or third-level education. 2.Terms for explanation2.1 The U.K.(1)The puritans(P17): members of a group of Protestants in 16th- and 17th-century England and 17th-century America who believed in strict religious discipline and called for the simplification of acts of worship. (2)Great Charter(P17): document document sealed sealed sealed by by by King King King John John John of of of England England England on on on June June June 15, 15, 15, 1215, 1215, 1215, in in which he made a series of promises to his subjects that he would govern England and deal with his vassals according to the customs of feudal law (see Feudalism). Over the course of centuries, these promises have required governments in England (and in countries influenced by English tradition) to follow the law in dealing with their citizens. (3)House of Commons(P22): Britain's Britain's legislature legislature legislature is is is made made made up up up of of of the the the House House House of of of Commons, Commons, Commons, the the House of Lords and the king in his constitutional role. The House of Commons has 651 elected Members Members of of of Parliament Parliament Parliament (MPs), (MPs), (MPs), who who who represent represent represent local local local constituencies. constituencies. constituencies. The The The center center center of of of parliamentary parliamentary power is the House of Commons. (4)House of Lords(P22): The The nonelected nonelected nonelected upper upper upper house house house of of of Parliament Parliament Parliament in in in the the the United United United Kingdom, Kingdom, made up of life peers, some hereditary peers, and some bishops. (5)London Stock Exchange (P26):The London Stock Exchange, one of the largest exchanges in the world, has always been a focus of international trade. In 1986 it was substantially deregulated, an event known as the Big Bang in financial circles. This led to the rapid expansion of products, markets, markets, and and and numbers numbers numbers of of of employees, employees, employees, a a a movement movement movement that that that slowed slowed slowed in in in the the the early early early 1990s 1990s 1990s but but but has has has since since rebounded. (6)A-Level(P40): A-level A-level——is is an an an academic academic academic qualification qualification qualification offered offered offered by by by educational educational educational bodies bodies bodies in in in the the United United Kingdom Kingdom Kingdom and and and the the the British British British Crown Crown Crown dependencies dependencies dependencies to to to students students students completing completing completing secondary secondary secondary or or pre-university education. 2.2 The US(1)Westward movement(P50): It is a movement of people from the settled regions of the United States to lands farther west. Between the early 17th and late 19th centuries, American people and their societies expanded from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast. This westward movement, across what was often called the American frontier, was of enormous significance. By expanding the nation’s nation’s borders to include more than three million square miles, the United States became one borders to include more than three million square miles, the United States became one of the most powerful nations of the 20th century. However, this expansion also resulted in great suffering, destruction, destruction, and and and cultural cultural cultural loss loss loss for for for the the the Native Native Native Americans Americans Americans of of of North North North America. America. America. This This expansion expansion also also also meant meant meant that that that much much much of of of North North North America America America was was was dominated dominated dominated by by by English English English institutions institutions institutions and and ways of life, instead of Spanish or French ones. The Spanish and French were also exploring and settling North America in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries. For good or ill, the westward westward movement movement movement of of these these American American American settlers settlers settlers was was was one one one of of of the the the most most most influential influential influential forces forces forces to to to shape shape North American history. (2)Separation of Powers(P55): The American constitutional system includes a notion known as the the Separation Separation Separation of of of Powers. Powers. Powers. In In In this this this system, system, system, 3 3 3 branches branches branches of of of government government government are are are created created created and and and power power power is is shared between them. At the same time, the powers of one branch can be challenged by another branch. This is what the system of checks and balances is all about. There are three branches in the United States government as established by the Constitution. First, the Legislative branch makes the law. Second, the Executive branch executes the law. Last, the Judicial branch interprets the law. Each branch has an effect on the other.(3)US Constitution(P55): The The Constitution Constitution of of the the the United United United States States States is is is the the the key key key instrument instrument instrument of of American American government government government and and and the the the supreme supreme supreme law law law of of of the the the country. country. country. Government Government Government was was was established established established by by following the guidelines laid out in the constitution. Since the founding of America, it has served as the framework for the development of governmental institutions. It is the Constitution that has assured political stability, individual freedom, economic growth, and social progress.(4)Federal Reserve System(P62): The The Federal Federal Federal Reserve Reserve Reserve System System System (also (also (also known known known as as as the the the Federal Federal Reserve, Reserve, and and and informally informally informally as as as the the the Fed) Fed) Fed) is is is the the the central central central banking banking banking system system system of of of the the the United United United States. States. States. It It It was was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, largely in response to to a a a series series series of of of financial financial financial panics, panics, panics, particularly particularly particularly a a a severe severe severe panic panic panic in in in 1907. 1907. 1907. Over Over Over time, time, time, the the the roles roles roles and and responsibilities responsibilities of of of the the the Federal Federal Federal Reserve Reserve Reserve System System System have have have expanded expanded expanded and and and its its its structure structure structure has has has evolved. evolved. Events such as the Great Depression were major factors leading to changes in the system.(5)Independence Day(P69): Independence Independence Day, Day, Day, commonly commonly commonly known known known as as as the the the Fourth Fourth Fourth of of of July, July, July, is is is a a federal holiday in the United States celebrating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain.(6)WASP(P69): "WASP" stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant. It is considered the basis of the the mainstream mainstream mainstream culture culture culture of of of the the the United United United States. States. States. The The The people people people who who who settled settled settled in in in the the the 13 13 13 North North North American American colonies colonies were were were mostly mostly mostly white white white European European European Protestant Protestant Protestant believers. believers. believers. The The The United United United States States States was was was founded founded founded and and formed largely by Protestants.(7)Ivy League(P75): The Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising eight private institutions institutions of of of higher higher higher education education education in in in the the the Northeastern Northeastern Northeastern United United United States. States. States. The The The conference name conference name is also commonly commonly used used used to to to refer refer refer to to to those those those eight eight eight schools schools schools as as as a a a group. group. group. The The The eight eight eight institutions institutions institutions are are are Brown Brown University, University, Columbia Columbia Columbia University, University, University, Cornell Cornell Cornell University, University, University, Dartmouth Dartmouth Dartmouth College, College, College, Harvard Harvard Harvard University, University, Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and Yale University. The term Ivy League also also has has has connotations connotations connotations of of of academic academic academic excellence, excellence, excellence, selectivity selectivity selectivity in in in admissions, admissions, admissions, and and and social social social elitism. elitism. elitism. In In addition addition to to to Cornell, Cornell, Cornell, all all all these these these schools schools schools are are are establish establish establish before before before American American American Independence Independence Independence War, War, the entering standards of every these school are all very strict.2.3 Australia(1)Convicts(P82):（参考）The first settlement to Australia consisted of about 850 convicts, guards and and officers officers officers who who who were were were all all all led led led by by by Governor Governor Governor Arthur Arthur Arthur Phillip. Phillip. Phillip. Since Since Since then then then more more more and and and more more more British British criminal was transported to Australia. They depended on their skills or education setting up the initial colony.(2)Deregulation(P89): Deregulation is the act or process of removing or reducing state regulation. regulation. It It It is is is therefore therefore therefore opposite opposite opposite of of of regulation, regulation, regulation, which which which refers refers refers to to to the the the process process process of of of the the the government government regulating certain activities. (3)Cultural diversity(P95): Cultural Cultural diversity diversity diversity is is is the the the quality quality quality of of of diverse diverse diverse or or or different different different cultures, cultures, cultures, as as opposed to monoculture, as in the global monoculture, or a homogenization of cultures, akin to cultural decay. (4)Dawkins Revolution(P101): The The Dawkins Dawkins Dawkins Revolution Revolution Revolution was was was a a a series series series of of of Australian Australian Australian tertiary tertiary education reforms instituted by the then Labor Education Minister (1987–1992) John Dawkins. 2.4 New Zealand(1)Kiwi(P104):They are flightless birds endemic to New Zealand, and the lack of mammalian(哺乳类动物) predators(食肉动物) led to the birds evolving flightless. The kiwi is a national symbol of New Zealand, and the association is so strong that the term Kiwi is used in some parts of the world as the colloquial demonism for New Zealanders.(2)“cradle-to-grave ” welfare concept(P123): The The first first first cradle-to-grave cradle-to-grave cradle-to-grave welfare welfare welfare concept concept concept was was was to to offer offer support support support to to to the the the disadvantaged disadvantaged disadvantaged and and and created created created a a a safety safety safety net net net for for for those those those out out out of of of work work work , , , in in in need need need or or without homes or income . (3)Kapa Haka(P123): Haka dance (Haka) refers to traditional dance of the Maori in New Zealand. Haka dance was originally Maori tribal began to jump, wham, contains a glaring, spit tongue flap body movements, the purpose is to show soldiers’soldiers’ strength before the war.( strength before the war.( Strong prestige haka dance requires a collective performance, the more the number, the greater the momentum, thegreater the deterrent against opponents. Maori war with mouth words, loud player, multi-purposehaka dance before the final enemy morale, deterrence, so the haka dance also become an integral part of New Zealand sports culture.)(4)New Zealand Ministry of Education(P129):The The New New New Zealand Zealand Zealand Ministry Ministry Ministry of of of Education Education Education is is responsible responsible for for for higher higher higher education education education budgeting, budgeting, budgeting, strategy strategy strategy and and and statistics statistics statistics and and and the the the Tertiary Tertiary Tertiary Council Council Council is is responsible for funding. 2.5 Ireland(1)Celtic Tiger(P136): A 2005 study by The Economist found Ireland to have the best quality of A 2005 study by The Economist found Ireland to have the best quality of life in the world. The 1995 to 2007 period of very high economic growth, with a record of posting the highest growth rates in Europe, led many to call the country the Celtic Tiger. One of the keys to this economic growth was a low corporation tax, [5] currently at 12.5% standard rate. (2)PAYE: It It’’s s the the the abbreviation abbreviation abbreviation for for for Pay Pay Pay As As As Y ou Y ou Earn, Earn, Earn, which which which is is is a a a kind kind kind of of of taxes taxes taxes based based based on on on your your income income and and and also also also progressive, progressive, progressive, with with with little little little or or or no no no income income income tax tax tax paid paid paid by by by low low low earners earners earners and and and a a a high high high rate rate applied to top earners. (3)Great Frost(Great Famine): also called ―Great Famine ǁ. Ireland and the rest of Europe were struck by an extraordinary climatic shock between December 1739 and September 1741, and the winters winters destroyed destroyed destroyed stored stored stored crops crops crops of of of potatoes potatoes potatoes and and and other other other staples staples staples and and and the the the poor poor poor summers summers summers severely severely damaged harvests, leading to the deaths of an estimated 250,000 people (about one in eight of the population) 3.Question in briefly3.1 Analyze the causes of the American Civil War.(P50)The issue of slavery was the focus of American politics, economics and cultural life by the mid-19th mid-19th century. century. century. The The The Southern Southern Southern planters planters planters needed needed needed a a a large large large number number number of of of laborers laborers laborers to to to manage manage manage their their plantations, and they regarded the black slaves as their property. In the the North, North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s What’s more, the Northerners more, the Northerners demanded a law protecting tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads, but the Southerners were strongly against it and advocated free trade so that they could purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the Civil War. 3.2 How is a President voted into office in America. (P55)Each Each party party party holds holds holds its its its national national national convention convention convention every every every four four four years years years to to to choose choose choose a a a candidate candidate candidate for for for the the presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches, and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President as soon as the first stage is over.3.3 What functions do American higher education institutions perform. (P75)Higher Higher education education education institutions institutions institutions in in in the the the US US US have have have three three three functions: functions: functions: teaching, teaching, teaching, research research research and and and public public service, and each has its own emphasis with regard to its functions.3.4 What advice would you give to Australian government to protect aboriginal culture.(P82)First, First, try try try every every every effort effort effort to to to protect protect protect the the the languages languages languages including including including Australian Australian Australian Aboriginal Aboriginal Aboriginal English, English, Australian Australian Aboriginal Aboriginal Aboriginal languages, languages, languages, and and and Australian Australian Australian Aboriginal Aboriginal Aboriginal sign sign sign languages, languages, languages, for for for languages languages languages will will best convey the way of their thinking and the way of their doing things generation by generation. Second, try every effort to establish museums where this unique culture is exhibited so that more people become aware that Aboriginal culture is country ’s remarkable heritage that can not afford to lose. Third, to give equal rights to Aborigines, like voting, public education, law suits. 3.5 Explain the significance of Treaty of Waitangi in New Zealand. (P110)The Treaty is generally considered as the founding document of New Zealand as a nation and the principles of which continue to influence political and legal discourses in New Zealand. 3.6 Elaborate the importance of external trade in New Zealand. (P117)External trade is of fundamental importance to New Zealand . Primary sector-based exports and and commodities commodities commodities remain remain remain important important important sources sources sources of of of export export export receipts receipts receipts , , , while while while exports exports exports of of of services services services and and manufactured products also provide a significant contribution . This , together with a reliance on imports imports of of of raw raw raw materials materials materials and and and capital capital capital equipment equipment equipment for for for industry industry industry , , , makes makes makes New New New Zealand Zealand Zealand strongly strongly trade-oriented . 3.7 In New Zealand, what’s the function of the Teacher Registration Board? (P129) There is an official list of institutions that are approved by the Teacher Registration Board to offer offer teaching teaching teaching qualifications qualifications qualifications as as as of of of 30 30 30 October October October 2000. 2000. 2000. Several Several Several of of of these these these institutions institutions institutions offer offer offer off-site off-site programs programs in in in smaller smaller smaller centers centers centers when when when there there there are are are enough enough enough students, students, students, and and and some some some offer offer offer programs programs programs through through distance technology 3.8 How is Ireland’s economy influenced by the Financial Crisis in 2008? Ireland was the first country in the EU, to officially enter a recession related to the Financial Crisis 2008, as declared by the Central Statistics Office and now has the second-highest level of household household debt debt debt in in in the the the world world world (190% (190% (190% of of of household household household income). income). income). The The The country's country's country's credit credit credit rating rating rating was was downgraded downgraded to to to "AA-" "AA-" "AA-" by by by Standard Standard Standard & & & Poor's Poor's Poor's ratings ratings ratings agency agency agency in in in August August August 2010 2010 2010 due due due to to to the the the cost cost cost of of supporting supporting the the the banks, banks, banks, which which which would would would weaken weaken weaken the the the Government's Government's Government's financial financial financial flexibility flexibility flexibility over over over the the medium term. It transpired that the cost of recapitalising the banks was greater than expected at that time, and, in response to the mounting costs, the country's credit rating was again downgraded by Standard & Poor's to "A".3.9 Comment on Irish people and their migration.Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years. The Irish people's earliest ancestors are claimed claimed to to to be be be descended descended descended from from from groups groups groups such such such as as as the the the Nemedians Nemedians , , Fomorians Fomorians , , Fir Fir Bolg , , Tuatha Tuatha DéDanann and the Milesians . Now the population of Ireland is approximately 6.4 million. Just under 4.6 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland. The population of Ireland collapsed dramatically during the second half of the 19th century. A population of over 8 million in 1841 was reduced to slightly more than 4 million by 1921. In part, the fall in population was due to death from the Great Famine of 1845 to 1852, which took about about 1 1 1 million million million lives. lives. lives. However, However, However, by by by far far far the the the greater greater greater cause cause cause of of of population population population decline decline decline was was was the the the dire dire economic state of the country which led to an entrenched culture of emigration lasting until the 21st century. With growing prosperity since the last decade of the 20th century, Ireland became a destination for immigrants. 。
英美概况复习资料
英美概况复习资料英美概况复习资料英美两国是世界上最具影响力的国家之一，它们在政治、经济、文化等方面都有着重要的地位。
本文将从多个角度对英美概况进行复习，并对两国的历史、地理、社会制度、文化等方面进行探讨。
一、历史概述英国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家，其历史可以追溯到公元前1世纪的罗马帝国时期。
英国曾经是一个强大的殖民帝国，统治过世界各地的殖民地。
而美国则是一个相对年轻的国家，于1776年宣布独立，脱离英国的统治。
美国的历史主要分为殖民地时期、独立战争、内战、工业革命等阶段。
二、地理概况英国位于欧洲西北部，包括大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰。
它与法国隔海相望，是欧洲大陆最接近英国的国家。
英国的地理特点是多山丘陵，河流众多，气候温和多雨。
美国则位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋。
美国是一个拥有广袤土地的国家，地形多样，包括大平原、沙漠、山脉等。
美国的气候多样，从亚热带到寒带都有涵盖。
三、政治制度英国是一个君主立宪制国家，女王是国家元首，但实际上的政治权力掌握在议会手中。
英国的政府体系是议会制，分为上议院和下议院。
英国的政治制度稳定，尊重法治，实行民主选举。
美国则是一个联邦共和制国家，总统是国家元首，政权分为行政、立法和司法三个独立的分支。
美国的政治制度强调权力分立和制衡，选举制度比较复杂，包括总统选举、国会选举等。
四、经济概况英国是一个发达的资本主义国家，拥有高度发达的市场经济体系。
它是世界上最早实行工业化的国家之一，拥有强大的金融、服务业和制造业。
英国是欧洲最大的金融中心之一，伦敦证券交易所是世界上最大的证券交易所之一。
美国是世界上最大的经济体，也是全球最发达的资本主义国家之一。
美国拥有强大的科技、金融、制造业等产业，是全球创新和科技领域的领导者。
五、文化特点英美两国都有着丰富多样的文化传统。
英国文化以莎士比亚、英国文学、音乐、戏剧等为代表，具有浓厚的历史底蕴和文化内涵。
英国人崇尚礼仪和传统，喜欢喝茶、看足球等。
英美概况复习资料精华
《英美概况》复习资料Chapter 1 1．The The UK UK UK is is is made made made up up up of of of four four four parts; parts; parts; they they they are are are England, England, England, Scotland, Scotland, Scotland, Wales Wales Wales and and Northern Ireland. (Chapter1, p1) 2．Off the continental Europe lie two islands known as the British Isles. The largest of them is Great Great Britain. Britain. Britain. The The The next next next largest largest largest consists consists consists of of of the the the Republic Republic Republic of of of Ireland Ireland Ireland and and and Northern Northern Northern Ireland Ireland Ireland which which belongs to the UK. (Chapter1, p3) 3．The two youngest states of the USA are Alaska in the northwestern part of North America and Hawaii in the central Pacific Ocean. (Chapter1, p2-3) 4. Alaska is the largest state in the USA, it was purchased by the USA from Russia in 1867 for $7,200,000. (Chapter1, p9) 5．The whole of the USA includes 50 states and a federal district, the District of Columbia, which is the seat of the Federal Government. (Chapter1, p3) 6. The major rivers in the UK are the River Severn and the Thames. (Chapter1, p7) 7.The 7.The major major major mountains mountains mountains in in in the the the UK UK UK are are are the the the Pennines, Pennines, Pennines, the the the Cambrians Cambrians Cambrians and and and the the the Grampians. Grampians. (Chapter 1, p7) 8． The Mississippi Rivers is the longest and the most important river in the USA. It flows from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. (Chapter1, p8) 9．In the USA, there are three great mountain ranges: the Appalachian Mountains, the Rocky Mountains and the Great Cordillera Mountain Range. (Chapter1, p9) 10．The The Lake Lake Lake District District District area area area is is is very very very beautiful beautiful beautiful and and and quiet. quiet. quiet. Many Many Many English English English poets, poets, poets, such such such as as Wordsworth and S. Coleridge wrote poems about the district. (Chapter1, p4) 11． Lough Lough Neagh Neagh Neagh ((纳湖)is )is a a a lake lake lake of of of 396 396 396 square square square kilometers kilometers kilometers in in in area, area, area, the the the largest largest largest lake lake lake in in Northern Ireland, and in the British Isles as well. (Chapter1, p10) 12．The renowned Yellowstone National Park in the northwestern part of Wyoming is the oldest national park in the world and contains the largest wildlife preserve in the US. (Chapter1, p6) 13．The Colorado Plateau is threaded my many deep valleys or canyons, among which the best known is Colorado V alley, also called Grand Canyon. (Chapter1, p6) 14．In the eastern California lies Death Valley, 280 feet below sea level. It is the lowest point in the whole of North America. (Chapter1, p6) 15．The three river systems in the USA are the system of the Gulf of Mexico, the system of the Atlantic Ocean and the system of the Pacific Ocean. (Chapter1, p8) 16．The world-famous Niagara Falls (尼亚加拉瀑布) is located on the US-Canadian boundary between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. (Chapter1, p8) 17.The 17.The five five five Great Great Great Lakes Lakes Lakes lying lying lying between between between the the the boundary boundary boundary of of of Canada Canada Canada and and and the the the USA USA USA are are are : : : Lake Lake Michigan （密歇根或密执安湖）, Lake Superior （苏必利湖）, Lake Ontario （安大略湖）（安大略湖）, Lake Huron （休伦湖）（休伦湖） and Lake Erie （伊利湖）（伊利湖）(Chapter1, p8) 18．UK ：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland(Chapter 1, p1) 19．USA: The United States of America (Chapter 1, p1) 20．EU ：The European Union (Chapter 1, p9) 21．The Grampians: It lie in the highlands of Scotland. It is the largest mountain range in the UK in which there are four high mountains, all of which are more than 1000 meters high and two of which are the highest in the UK. (Chapter 1, p4) Celtic Tribes. (Chapter2, p12\13) In order to keep back the Picts and Scots, the Romans built a wall, called Hadrian’s Wall Hadrian’s Wall, , 410-871, the the the Germanic Germanic Germanic tribes latter are: are: are: the the the Angles, Angles, Angles, Saxons Saxons Saxons and and Jutes. (Chapter2, p14) The Indians living in America originated from Asia some 25000 years ago. (Chapter2, p18) Christopher Columbus. (Chapter2, p19) the new continents: the Spanish, the English and the French. (Chapter2, p19-20) The Spanish autumn of of of 1620, 1620, 1620, 73 “Mayflower”“Mayflower”. (Chapter2, p21) . (Chapter2, p21) Thanksgiving is now observed throughout the USA, this holiday began in 1621 as a way Opposed to what was perceived as British oppression, colonial leaders held the First Continental Congress in 1774 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania(Thomas Jefferson drafted Declaration of Independence, which the congress adopted on In 1803, the USA purchased Louisiana from Napoleon for $15,000,000. (Chapter2, p23) the US-Mexican US-Mexican US-Mexican War 14.The 14.The Hawaii, Hawaii, Hawaii, which The USA today is the fourth largest country in size in the world. (Chapter 2, p23) The Hundred Y ears’ War happened between England and France . (Chapter 3, p28) The more important phase of medieval Anglo-French hostility began in 1337 and ended in 1353, and is known as the Hundred Years’ war . (Chapter 3, p28) )is also called the Great Charter. (Chapter3, p28) Shakespeare’s drama Henry VI reflects the Wars of the Roses begun in 1455. (Chapter3, reflects the Wars of the Roses begun in 1455. (Chapter3, The 2 results of the Enclosure Movement are the primitive accumulation of capital and the 6.The 6.The Industrial Industrial Industrial Revolution Revolution Revolution started started started during ．The Chartist Movement flourished most in conditions of economic depression and reached petition, The People’s Charter ,, was drawn up in 1837. (Chapter3, p34) George Washington was the first president of the USA, and was inaugurated on April 301789. (Chapter3, p39) In 1852, a novel Uncle Tom’s s Cabin was written and published in the US, it aroused a great and the whole capitalist world to its foundation. This is the Great Depression. (Chapter3, p47) ．Margaret Margaret Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher was reputation as “the iron lady”. She belongs to the Conservative Party. The Thatcher Era refers to the Silicon valley (London, on the north bank of the Thames , is one of the world’s leading banking and The capital city of Scotland is Edinburgh. (Chapter 5, p75) 3.The capital city of Wales is Cardiff. (Chapter 5, p75) 4.The capital city of Northern Ireland is Belfast. (Chapter 5, p76) The Statue of Liberty (152meters high) was given by French people as a gift to New York City. (Chapter5, p77) Chicago is the largest industrial city and the second largest city in terms of population in Hollywood , the base of the film industry located in Los Angeles, is a world famous film ． Detroit Detroit, the “motor city”, is on the Detroit River between Lake Huron and Lake Erie. , the “motor city”, is on the Detroit River between Lake Huron and Lake Erie. San Francisco locates in in in Boston Boston Boston aera. aera. ) of the UK is the Parliament(is the Congress () in the UK is the House of Lords(贵族院或上院). 3.The supreme judicial body in the USA is the Supreme Court. (Chapter6, p93) The currency of the UK is Sterling(There are three major parties in Britain today. They are the Conservative Party(the Labour Party and the Social and Liberal Democrats Party (2. The party system of the UK is a two-party one. (Chapter7, p101) In the UK, The Conservative Party is the party of the right(donkey and elephant . (Chapter7, p104) Every Every 5 5 5 years years years a major parties: parties: parties: the the the Conservative Conservative Conservative Party Party Party and and and the the the Labour Labour Labour Party. Party. Party. (Chapter7, The five American agricultural belts are the belt of cheese(), the belt of wheat, the belt of corn, the belt of cotton and the belt of fruits, vegetables etc. (Chapter8, p120-121) is the the the The The The New New New Y Y ork Stock Stock Exchange(Exchange(horticulture(．The The Bank Bank Bank of of of England England England is is is the The Federal Reserve System is the US federal banking system and note issue authority, eighteen. All children must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age five to sixteen. That is, English children begin their schooling from 5 years old. (Chapter10, p138) The four most famous schools of all are Eaton College(College and Rugby School. (Chapter10, p138) In the US, many children begin their school education at the age of six, usually graduate from high school at the age of 18 . (Chapter10, p139) UK is is is Oxford Oxford Oxford University. University. University. Cambridge Cambridge Cambridge University University University was was was established 1284. (Chapter10, p141) ．Tutorial Tutorial system system system is is is one There are three academic degrees in Britain: t he Bachelor’s (), t h e Master’s he Master’s ()and the Doctor’s degree. (Chapter10, p142) Open Open University University University is )is the founder of Christianity. (Chapter11, p148) Church of England is a denomination of Christianity or Protestant Church. (Chapter 11, Protestant and Catholic . (Chapter11, p149) In the UK, the most important denomination is the Church of England. It is also called the “Anglican Church” (are over over over 3000 3000 3000 religious are are Protestants, Protestants, Protestants, 24% Roman Catholics. That is, over three-fifth of all American religious people belongs to Christianity. The national flag of the UK is Union Jack or Union Flag. (Chapter 16, p206-207) The Stars and Stripes has 50 stars and 13 stripes on it. (Chapter16, p208) 17, p220) 3、NHS（国家卫生服务体系）：The National Health Service(Chapter18, p226) 。
英美概况考试考点
3．美国经济所包含的三个因素
4．政府在经济中所起到的角色
美国历史
1.谁发现美洲新大陆；the new world and the old world
2.第一个和第二个殖民地是~,建立的时间
3.独立战争以前，英国和殖民地之间的关系
4.七年之战的时间，战争结果
17.Spoils system（名词解释）
18.内战的根本原因；影响（简答）
19.进步主义运动progressivemovement (名词解释) Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson P301
20.美国参加一战的原因
21.战后President Wilson提出“fourteen points”, only“the league of nations”was adopted.
30.Civil rights movement（名词解释）P362代表
31.counterculture（名词解释）P364
32.the Civil Rights Acts of 1964and president JohnsonP365
33.in 1973, the Nixon administration signed peace treaty with North Vietnam
26.美国参加二战的直接原因Japanese air-raid on Pearl Harborin 1941
27.The lend-Lease bill（名词解释）P353
28.Marshall Plan and Truman Doctrine（名词解释）P358
29.Beat Generation垮掉的一代（名词解释）
英美概况复习题
英美概况复习题英美概况复习题一、地理概况英美两国位于北美洲，英国位于欧洲西北部，英国是英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家的联合王国，美国则是由50个州组成的联邦共和国。
英国是一个岛国，由大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰岛组成，美国则是一个大陆国家，横跨北美洲。
英国的首都是伦敦，美国的首都是华盛顿特区。
二、历史概况英国是一个历史悠久的国家，曾经是大英帝国的核心。
英国在16世纪经历了工业革命，成为世界上第一个工业化国家，对世界的政治、经济和文化产生了深远的影响。
美国则是一个相对较年轻的国家，于18世纪末脱离英国殖民地的统治，成立了独立的美利坚合众国。
美国在19世纪经历了西进运动和内战，逐渐成为世界上最强大的国家之一。
三、政治制度英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是女王伊丽莎白二世，但实际上政府的运作主要由首相和议会负责。
英国的议会制度是二院制，由上议院和下议院组成。
美国则是一个总统制国家，国家元首和政府首脑是同一人，即总统。
美国的议会制度是两院制，由参议院和众议院组成。
四、经济概况英国是一个发达的资本主义经济体，以服务业为主导，金融、保险、房地产等行业发达。
英国是世界上最大的外汇市场之一，伦敦也是全球金融中心之一。
美国是世界上最大的经济体，以多元化的经济结构闻名，制造业、金融业、科技业等都非常发达。
美国的纽约、洛杉矶等城市也是世界级的金融中心和商业中心。
五、文化概况英国和美国都有丰富的文化遗产。
英国是莎士比亚的故乡，拥有众多文学巨匠，如狄更斯、奥斯卡·王尔德等。
英国的音乐、戏剧和电影产业也非常发达，披头士乐队、皇后乐队等都是英国的文化符号。
美国是好莱坞的发源地，拥有世界上最大的电影产业。
美国的音乐、文学和艺术也非常丰富多样，爵士乐、摇滚乐、现代艺术等都是美国的文化瑰宝。
六、教育体系英国和美国都拥有世界一流的教育体系。
英国的剑桥大学、牛津大学等享有盛誉，被认为是世界上最好的大学之一。
美国的哈佛大学、斯坦福大学等也是世界顶尖的教育机构。
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自考英美概况复习资料自考英语学习资料———英美概况英美概况练习题--美国历史：I.Multiple Choice1.The history of the U.S.is generally agreed to have begun in_____.A.1620B.1607C.17762.The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except_____.A.MarylandB.South CarolinaC.DelawareD.Colorado3._____was the first man who sailed around the earth.A.John CabotB.MagellanC.BalboaD.Cartier4.The colonial life can be described as the followingexcept_____.A.simpleB.easyC.roughD.hard5.The Stamp Act was passed in_____and was repealed in _____.A.1765,1766B.1764,1765C.1763,17646.The First Continental Congress was held in_____in September,1774.A.PhiladelphiaB.BostonC.New Y ork7.The American War of Independence started in_____ and ended in_____.A.1776,1784B.1775,1783C.1706,17148.Washington won the great victory on December26, 1776in_____.A.GettysburgB.PittsburghC.Trenton9.The battle of_____marked the turning point of the War of Independence.A.New Y orkB.SaratogaC.Bunker Hill10.On October19th,1781,the British General Cornwallis and his7,000men surrendered at_____.A.Y orktownB.BostonC.Charleston11.The Constitutional Convention was held in1787to revise_____.A.The Articles of the ConfederationB.Bill of RightsC.Civil Rights12.The first ten amendments,known as_____,were added to the Constitution in1791.A.the Bill of RightsB.the ArticlesC.Civil Rights13.After the Federal Government was established,the city_____was chosen as the capital for the time being.A.WashingtonB.New Y orkC.Philadelphia14.The pamphlet“Common Sense”was written by_____.A.Thomas EdisonB.Thomas PaineC.Thomas Jefferson15.The Second President John Adams adopted a high-handed policy which was called_____.A.the“Intolerable Acts”B.Un-American ActivitiesC.the Sedition Act16.The greatest contribution made by President Thomas Jefferson was his_____.A.abolishing the Sedition ActB.reducing taxesC.purchasing Louisiana from France17.The Second Anti-English War broke out in_____and ended in_____.The U.S.won the war.A.1812,1814B.1813,1815C.1814,181618.As the result of the U.S.-Mexican War,nearly_____of the entire territory of Mexico was lost.A.1/4B.1/2C.1/319.In1844the U.S.forced the Chinese Government to sign the first unequal treaty of_____.A.WangxiaB.NanjingC.Tianjin20.The Articles of Confederation was accepted by all the _____states in_____.A.50,1781B.13,1781C.13,178721._____was chosen as the capital for the time being in Washington’s administration.A.New Y orkB.ChicagoC.Boston22.It was_____who advanced four plans which met bitter criticisms from many people.A.Alexander HamiltonB.Thomas JeffersonC.George Washington23._____was the first American President who was inaugurated in the city of Washington.A.John AdamsB.Thomas JeffersonC.James Madison24.The War with England between1812and1814 happened during the administration of President_____.A.James MadisonB.James MonroeC.John Adams25.The_____stopped the Holy Alliance’s program,and prevented the European countries from extending their influence.A.Monroe DoctrineB.Sedition ActC.Holy Alliance26._____was the first president who developed the power of veto into one of the means of making laws.A.John AdamsB.Andrew JacksonC.Andrew Johnson27._____made slavery possible in the new territories such as in Kentucky and Nebraska.A.Douglas BillB.Monroe DoctrineC.Sedition Act28.During the Civil War Lincoln issued the_____,which declared the abolition of slavery.A.Homestead BillB.Emancipation ProclamationC.Both A and B29.The Battle of_____was the turning point of the American Civil War.A.Bull RunB.GettysburgC.Richmond30.The first imperialist war took place between the U.S. and_____in1898.A.BritainB.FranceC.Spain31.The first American President from the Republic Party is_____.A.Abraham LincolnB.Andrew JohnsonC.Thomas JeffersonD.George Washington32.In1918President_____issued the“Fourteen Points”.A.Woodrow WilsonB.William H.TaftC.Theodore RooseveltD.Warren G.Harding33.Haymarket Massacre took place in_____in May1886.A.New Y orkB.ChicagoC.Washington34.In1894,the American industrial production held the _____place in the world.A.firstB.secondC.third35.McCarthy was notorious for his harsh_____ persecution of the progressive people.A.religiousB.spiritualC.political36.The Ku Klux Klan was the most notorious terrorist society which persecuted the_____.A.blacksB.IndiansC.progressive people37.On August14,1914,the U.S.and Britain issued a joint communiquécalled_____.A.the Teheran DeclarationB.the Atlantic CharterC.the Washington Proclamation38.In Sino-American relations Theodore Roosevelt exercised the so-called“_____”,invading China by means of both force and culture.A.Open Door PolicyB.Big StickC.Douglas Bill39.The First World War broke out on July28th,_____and ended on November11th,_____,lasting for about four years.A.1913,1917B.1914,1918C.1915,191940.The two military alliances during WWI were the_____ and the_____.A.Axis,AlliesB.Holy Alliance,AxisC.Central Powers,Allies41.The assassination of a(n)_____prince,Arch Duke Fedinand,served as the direct fuse for the outbreak of WWI.A.AustraliaB.BelgiumC.Austria42.Altogether_____countries became involved in or were dragged into WWI.A.33B.38C.3943.The frequent emergence of the economic crisis in the U.S.A.led to the following disastrous effects except _____.A.inflationB.the rise of pricesC.the decrease of populationD.the decrease of the purchasing capacity44.In April1945a conference was held at_____to organize the United Nations.A.San FranciscoB.New Y orkC.Philadelphia45._____countries attended the conference of the foundling of the UN.A.48B.47C.4546.At the_____Conference,the heads of the Soviet Union,the U.S.and Britain discussed the problem of opening the second battlefield in Europe.A.YaltaB.TeheranC.Casablanca47.In July1945,Britain,the U.S.and the Soviet Union met at Potsdam to formulate an occupation policy and set up a program for the future of Germany.The meeting was the famous_____Conference.A.CairoB.TeheranC.PotsdamD.Quebec48.The two fighting sides in WWII were_____.A.the Allies and the Axis(powers)B.the Axis and Holy AllianceC.the Central Powers and the Allies49.The_____was the treaty signed at V ersailles,near Paris in France in1919.A.Paris TreatyB.V ersaills TreatyC.Teheran Treaty50.The meeting was held at Y alta in the Crimea of the Soviet Union in Feb,1945.At the meeting many matters were discussed,including the final defeat of Germany, the demilitarization of Germany,the founding of the U.N.etc.,this was the famous_____Conference.A.YaltaB.TeheranC.Potsdam51.The Communist Party of the US was founded in_____.A.1920B.1918C.191952.The munist Party was re-established in1945 with_____as its general secretary.A.LevestoneB.William FosterC.Earl Browder53.The Great Depression of_____to shook the US and the whole capitalist world to its foundations.A.1929,1933B.1933,1937C.1924,192954.The programme of1947that America would offer its money supplies and machinery to any European nation that wished to participate in was called_____.A.Eisenhower DoctrineB.Marshall PlanC.Truman Doctrine55.The_____broke out in June1950and ended in the summer of1953.A.Vietnam WarB.Cold WarC.Korean War56.In April1949twelve nations established the NA TO to coordinate the military actions of member nations against the_____.A.GermanyB.JapanC.Soviet Union57.The Second World War broke out in September,_____ and ended in August_____.A.1939,1945B.1937,1943C.1938,194558.After WWII there emerged a new balance of power between_____and_____.A.the Allies,the Axis PowersB.the USSR,the USAC.the old capitalist countries,the new ones59.There occurred_____economic crises from the end of WWII to the middle of the1970’s.A.sixB.fiveC.seven60.The President Franklin D.Roosevelt proposed a policy called_____to save the economic situation.A.Good NeighbourB.the Open Door PolicyC.the New Deal61.The Battle of_____took place in1942and it was the turning point of the Pacific area.A.Midway IslandB.BritainC.Normandy62.In Feb._____came President Nixon’s historic visit to China.A.1979B.1972C.197363.In1953,_____ended in the failure of the U.S.A.the Korean WarB.the Vietnam WarC.the US-Spanish War64.On December7th,1941,the base of the American Pacific Fleet,Pearl Harbour,was suddenly attacked by the _____air force and navy.A.SpanishB.FrenchC.Japanese65.The original Union consists of_____at the time of its independence.A.13B.50C.4866.The first thirteen states of the US mainly located_____ seaboard.A.the easternB.the westernC.the northern67._____appointed many of the colonial governors.A.The English KingB.the local governmentC.the local people68.The Declaration of Independence was drafted by a committee including_____as head.A.George WashingtonB.Thomas JeffersonC.both A and B69._____was the British king when colonial Americans declared their independence.A.King George IB.King George IIIC.King George II70.In1945a conference was held in_____to found the United Nations.A.San FranciscoB.ChicagoC.New Y ork71.President Nixon visited China in_____.A.1973B.1974C.197272._____was the only American president who was re-elected three times in succession.A.Theodore RooseveltB.George WashingtonC.FranklinD.Roosevelt D.Thomas Jefferson73.The city’s name“Philadelphia”means_____.A.brotherly loveB.fishing pitC.philosophy答案：1-5BDBBA6-10ABCBA11-15AABBC16-20CABAB 21-25AABAA26-30BABBC30-35AABAC36-40ABABC 41-45CBCAA46-50BCABA51-55CBABC56-60CABAC 61-65ABACA66-70AABBA71-73CCA英美概况练习题--美国地理American Survey Test美国地理1.The_____part of America consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Great Cordillera Range.A.easternB.westernC.northeastern2.In eastern_____lies Death V alley,85metres below sea level.A.CaliforniaB.UtahC.Arizona3.In the west of the_____lie the Colorado Plateaus and the Columbia Plateaus.A.Rocky MountainB.Coast RangeC.Cascades Mountains4.The_____lies between the Colorado Plateaus and Columbia PlateausA.Great BasinB.Colorado V alleyC.Great Plains5.The famous Y ellowstone National Park is situated in northwestern part of_____.A.CaliforniaB.ArizonaC.Wyoming6.The world-known Colorado V alley lies in northern _____,which is cut by the Colorado River.A.ArizonaB.UtahC.Montana7.Among the five Great Lakes,only_____is wholly within the United States.A.ErieB.SuperiorC.Michigan8.Only the climate in the southern part of_____is tropical.A.FloridaB.GeorgiaC.Virginia9.Washington,the capital of the US,is on the_____river.A.PotomacB.Delawareurence10.The width of the Niagara Fall is about_____metres and the drop average_____metres.A.1650,50B.1240,49C.1540,4911._____part is the most densely populated region in America.A.The southernB.The northeasternC.The western12.The Great Salt Lake lies in northern_____.A.IdahoB.ArizonaC.NevadaD.Utah13._____has been called the“cradle of American Liberty”.A.PhiladelphiaB.PlymouthC.Boston14.About_____of the world’s annual agricultural products come from the United States.A.halfB.one thirdC.two thirds15.The highest mountain in the U.S.is Mount_____.A.AppalachianB.MekinleyC.Rocky16.Mount Mekinley lies in the_____Range.A.Sierra NevadaB.CascadesC.Alaska17.The two largest Chinatowns are located in the following cities except_____.A.New Y orkB.San FranciscoC.Miami18.The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake_____.A.SuperiorB.OntarioC.Victoria19.The world-famous Niagara Falls lie between lakes of _____.A.Erie and MichiganB.Erie and OntarioC.Superior and Haron20._____of the America’s territory is covered with forests.A.1/4B.1/5C.1/321.Texas,having belonged to_____,was annexed by the U.S.in1845.A.FranceB.RussiaC.Mexico22.Hawaii is in the_____Ocean.A.AtlanticB.IndianC.Pacific23.The American black population consists of_____of the total population.A.1/10B.1/5C.1/924._____is the largest state in area in the U.S.A.A.FloridaB.LouisianaC.Alaska25.The United States today is the_____largest country in size in the world.A.thirdB.fifthC.fourth26.About half of the total population is concentrated in the following areas except_____.A.Atlantic CoastB.Pacific CoastC.NorthwestD.around the Great LakesE.Gulf of Mexico27.There are_____river systems in the U.S.A.A.8B.3C.628.Detroit is famous for the production of_____.A.automobileB.timberC.bamboo29.The City St.Louis in America is called the gateway towards the_____.A.EastB.WestC.NortheastD.Southwest30.The city_____is given the nickname“Space City of U.S.A.”.A.BostonB.HoustonC.San Francisco31.The_____were the original inhabitants in America.A.blacksB.IndiansC.Puerto Ricans32.The steel and iron industries are mainly distributed around the city of_____,providing_____percent of the total output each year.A.Pittsburgh,60B.Chicago,50C.New Y ork,6033.The largest industrial city in America is_____.A.ChicagoB.BostonC.Houston34.Only the climate in the southwestern part of Florida belongs to_____.A.subtropicalB.continentalC.tropical35.?_____is famous for many stores and shops.A.Wall StreetB.BroadwayC.Fifth A venue36.In_____people can find the historical spot,the Independence National Historical Park.A.PhiladelphiaB.St.LouisC.San Francisco37.Boston is situated in Boston Bay,_____.A.MaineB.MassachusettsC.Connecticut38.The Columbia River and the Colorado River belong to the system of_____.A.the GulfB.the AtlanticC.the Pacific答案：1-5BAAAC6-10ACAAB11-15BDAAB16-20CCABA21-25CCACC26-30CBABB31-35BAACC36-38ABC。