2006-2015年英语一真题翻译

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2006年考研英语(一)翻译重要词汇整理

2006年考研英语(一)翻译重要词汇整理

2006年考研英语(一)翻译重要词汇整理这是一篇议论文,主要论述了美国的知识分子被他们所在的社会排斥并且不被重视的情况并不属实。

文章通过阐述知识分子的定义来一步一步申明自己的论点。

同样,文章中出现的单词比较简单。

以下是本文中出现的20个,就让我们一起来学习吧!1.10 reject[rɪ'dʒekt]v.拒绝,排斥【词根记忆】:re(back)+ject ( throw, cast投掷,扔)→扔回去→决绝,排斥【短语搭配】:reject region拒绝区【真题例句】:Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? 美国的知识分子被他们的所在社会拒绝并不认为是社会组成的一部分,这一情况属实么?。

2.25intellectual[,ɪntə'lektʃʊəl]n. 知识分子&adj.智力的,智能的【词根记忆】:intel(智力,智能)+lect(choose, gather选择,收集)→能够有智力的做选择→智力的【短语搭配】:intellectual history思想史【真题例句】:Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans. 布鲁克伯杰神父提出,是知识分子排斥了美国人。

3. 17define [dɪ'faɪn]v.下定义【词根记忆】:de (加强)+fin(end, boundary范围)→使有范围→给下定义【短语搭配】:define name定义名称【真题例句】:I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems. 我对知识分子的定义是:这种人对道德问题进行苏格拉底式的思考,并视其为人生的首要任务和乐趣所在。

历年考研英语一阅读真题翻译

历年考研英语一阅读真题翻译

2014年考研英语阅读真题Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osbome,Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?为了“让生活变得更美好”以及减少“依赖”,英国财政大臣乔治•奥斯本引入了“求职预付金”计划。

只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心,注册在线求职并开始找工作,才有资格获得补助金——然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。

有什么比这更合理呢?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we k now they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.更加明显的合理性如下。

2015年英语一真题翻译

2015年英语一真题翻译

2015年英语一真题翻译第一篇:2015年英语一真题翻译2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题文章翻译Section IUse of English 尽管没有血缘关系,但朋友之间的遗传关系与第四代表亲相同,有1%的相同基因。

这是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学出版在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的研究所得出的结论。

这项研究是比较了多组无血缘关系的朋友和无血缘关系的陌生人,在1932个实验对象身上所做的基因组分析。

同一批人用在了两组样本里。

尽管这1%的相同基因可能毫无意义,但对基因学家来说却并非如此。

正如加州大学圣地亚哥分校的医学基因学教授James Fowler说的:“大多数人根本不认识他们的第四代表亲,却在冥冥之中成功选择与我们血缘相近的人作朋友。

”〖HJ〗研究还发现朋友之间还有部分相同的嗅觉基因但免疫基因是不同的。

目前为止,嗅觉基因为何存在相似性很难解释。

或许,正如研究团队说的那样,相似之处把我们吸引到一个相似的环境中,而在相似的环境中有更多相似点。

有很多机制共同作用促使我们选择有着相同基因的人做朋友,而不是以“功能性亲属关系”选择能带来利益的人做朋友。

研究值得一提的一项发现是相似基因似乎比其他基因进化的要快。

研究这项发现有助于理解为何人类在过去的30000年进化速度在加快,社会环境是主要的促进因素。

研究者说这些发现不仅仅解释了人类与具有相似种族背景的人做朋友的趋势。

尽管所有研究对象都是从有欧洲血统的人中挑选,但还是要保证所有实验对象,包括朋友和陌生人都是从相同的人群中选出。

Section IIReading Comprehension Part AText 西班牙国王胡安·卡洛斯曾说“国王不会退位,他们逝世于睡眠中”。

但是最近几次欧洲大选中,丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安·卡洛斯收回之前的言论,并被迫退位。

如此说来,西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路?是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改?西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据,也提供了反对君主制的论据。

历届高考英语翻译真题(含答案)

历届高考英语翻译真题(含答案)

历届高考英语翻译真题(含答案)历届高考中译英真题答案-2012-42012年春考1. It will take several months to finish the task.2. A concert was held in the park last weekend.3. Neither he nor his classmates like taking extra classes after school.4. Many old people who live alone hope that their kids will visit them often.5. The moment he stepped onthe foreign land, Li Hua realized that it was important to follow the local customs.2011年秋考1. Why not / Why don’t you book tickets online / reserve the ticket(s) on the Internet?2. I often mistake Wang Hai for his twin brother because they look so similar / very much alike.3. As for parents, nothing can be compared with their children’s physical andmental health.4. No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study / education.5. If you can find whatever learning method (that) suits you, your study / learning efficiency is likely to improve remarkably.2011年春考1. We enjoyed a wonderful performance last night.2. The (super) highway to Nanjing is/was/has beenclosed due to the heavy fog. 3. Though he is/was not rich, hedoes/did his best to help the students in poor areas. 4. It is said that Chinese started to use notes/paper money earlier than westerners.5. People didn’t come to realize the importance of planting trees until they (had) experienced a number of serious natural disasters. 2010年秋考1. This magazine cost/costsme more than 20 yuan.2. I always get up later than usual on rainy days.3. Seeing Grandma a little sleepy, he drew the curtains and turned the TV down.4. At first sight, there is nothing special about the watch, but in fact it is a mobile phone.5. We all agree that once the conclusion of the investigation is drawn, it will be made known to the public as soon as possible.2010年春考1. She has found a job as a nurse.2. We should try our best to make the city more beautiful.3. The birth of the baby filled the big family with joy.4. We were greatly surprised that he had left without saying goodbye.5. Will you feel upset when you find it hard to communicate with your parents?6. Those who follow the fashion at great cost shouldchange their lifestyle as soon as possible.2009年秋考1. Tennis is getting more and more popular in Shanghai.2. I think your suggestion is as valuable as theirs.3. Drinking only a cup of coffee will keep me awake all night.4. A film will be made/shot in memory of those brave firefighters/firemen.5. It was three days later that she remembered leaving/having left her raincoat in the language lab.6. Despite the high mountains and thick forests, the doctors and nurses/the medical staff rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue/to carry out the rescue.2009年春考1. I have been to the zoo three times. (无for)2. It is necessary to read English aloud half an hourevery day.3. His son loves/likes to go to school because the school life is colorful.4. He is going to buy a flat which is located near a school or hospital.5. You’d better ta ke/bring more warm clothes (with you) to prevent yourself (from) getting/catching a cold. …in case you catch a cold.6. There is no doubt that traveling broadens one’s mind/ horizons andenlarges /improves /increases /enriches one’s knowledge.2008年秋考1. I t’s time for us to play basketball.2. He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time.3. Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening?4. Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to theirown strong points /strengths.5. Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about, I find myself left behind. / …..,I find I have fallen behind.6. Although we are suffering such a severe natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficulty as long as we don’t lose heart. 2008年春考1. Do you mind /Would you mind cleaning the window?2. (Please) Turn to the policefor help when (you are )in trouble.3. He contacted us as soon as he arrived in Shanghai.4. The children had fallen asleep/gone to sleep before the performance ended/was over.5. Learning that he was awarded / he won an award for his film, the director felt very proud of himself/was full of pride.6. These eighteenth-century oil paintings have been/are preserved so well that thevisitors are greatly amazed/ impressed.2007年秋考1. Their new house is far from the school.2. Don’t leave the light(s) on when you are not in the room.3. I forgot to remind him of the time for the interview.4. Colorful umbrellas add toa lively atmosphere in/on the summer streets.5. No matter how hard/heavily the rain fallsand the wind blows, the police keep/stick to their posts.6. Doct ors’door-to-door visits save many old people’s trouble of going to hospital. …..save sb the trouble of doing sth.2007年春考1. We ordered twenty washing machines the day before yesterday.2. The school sports meeting/meet will have to be put off because of/due to the heavy rain.3. Do keep/obey/follow traffic rules for the happiness of your family.4. It’s reported/said that this wild plant is rich in/contains/ has a lot of vitamins.5. Working with thegardenersenables/enabled us togain/get/obtain a lot ofknowledge about flowers.6. When (we are) indifficulty/ When we meetwith / have difficulties,what we need is not toblame each other but tohelp each other.2006年秋考1. We believe that peasants’/ farmers’ life will be (getting) better and better.2. Whether a book sells well depends on many different/ various factors.3. I don’t need to /needn’t buy a new car as/because my old one is still in good condition.4. The dishes are well cooked here and free cakes are provided.5. Be sure to pay attention to protecting the environment and consider/ think of others if / when /while traveling.6. So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.2006年春考1. There was something wrong with my computer yesterday./My computer went wrong yesterday.2. To keep fit, we often takepart in physical exercise.3. It is pleasant lying on the grass and enjoying /listening to the music.4. In the physics class, he failed to understand what Professor Wang (was talking/talked) about.5. The members of the committee / The committee can not agree on whether to build another bridge over / across the Huangpu River.6. Every time I ask her for advice, she is always readyto help, and explains to my full satisfaction.2005年秋考1. I hope (that) I can/ will receive your photo(s) as soon as possible.I hope to receive your photo(s) as soon as possible.2. Eating/Having more vegetables and fruit(s) does good to / is good for one’s health.3. I’m not free/ available this afternoon because I have/ have made an appointment。

2006年考研英语一真题及答案

2006年考研英语一真题及答案

2006年考研英语一真题及答案2006年考研英语一真题及答案2006年的考研英语一真题是考生备考过程中很重要的参考资料之一。

本文将对这份真题及答案进行分析和讨论,帮助考生更好地理解和应对考试。

首先,我们来看一下2006年考研英语一的阅读理解部分。

这一部分共有三篇文章,涵盖了不同主题和文体。

第一篇文章是关于网络教育的,主要讨论了网络教育的优势和劣势,以及对传统教育的冲击。

第二篇文章是关于文化差异的,主要探讨了西方和东方文化在商务交流中的差异。

第三篇文章是关于环境保护的,主要介绍了一种新型的环保材料。

针对这三篇文章,考生在备考过程中可以采取以下策略。

首先,要提前了解和熟悉这些主题,积累相关词汇和知识。

其次,在阅读文章时要注意抓住关键信息,理解作者的观点和论证思路。

最后,要做好判断和推理题,善于运用逻辑思维和上下文推断。

接下来,我们来看一下2006年考研英语一的翻译部分。

这一部分共有两道题目,分别是中译英和英译中。

中译英的题目是关于中国古代文学的,要求考生将一段古文翻译成英文。

英译中的题目是关于环境保护的,要求考生将一段英文翻译成中文。

在备考这一部分时,考生需要注意以下几点。

首先,要熟悉常见的翻译技巧和方法,例如借助上下文和语境进行翻译。

其次,要注意语法和词汇的准确性,尽量避免语法错误和词义不当。

最后,要注意语言的流畅性和表达的准确度,力求做到准确传达原文的意思。

最后,我们来看一下2006年考研英语一的写作部分。

这一部分要求考生根据所给的题目,写一篇短文。

题目是关于网络购物的,要求考生讨论网络购物的利与弊。

针对这一部分,考生可以采取以下策略。

首先,要明确自己的立场和观点,有针对性地进行论述和分析。

其次,要注意文章的结构和组织,合理安排各个段落和论点。

最后,要注意语言的得体和表达的准确性,力求做到语言简练、逻辑清晰。

综上所述,2006年考研英语一真题及答案是考生备考过程中的重要参考资料。

通过对这份真题的分析和讨论,考生可以更好地了解考试内容和要求,有针对性地进行备考和练习。

2006考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

2006考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

2006 Text 1Paragraph 11、In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. 不管我们如何喋喋不休地谈论差别,美国社会实际上是一台同化人们的神奇的机器。

这就是民主化的着装和言谈,并且还有种随意和缺乏尊重感,这些构成了通俗文化的特性。

1.1 homogenizing英/hə'mɔdʒənaiziŋ/ 美/hə'mɔdʒənaiziŋ/n. 均质化homogenize 英/hə'mɒdʒənaɪz/ 美/ho'mɑdʒə,naɪz/vt. 使均匀;使类同vi. 变均匀democratizing民主化1.2 uniformity英/juːnɪ'fɔːmɪtɪ/ 美/,jʊnə'fɔrməti/n. 均匀性;一致;同样2、People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. 人们被一种消费文化所吸引了,这种文化是由十九世纪在高雅的氛围中陈列着琳琅满目的商品的百货商店所开始的.2.1elegant英/'elɪg(ə)nt/ 美/'ɛləgənt/adj. 高雅的,优雅的;讲究的;简炼的;简洁的3、Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite, these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and demo cratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. 不是为了迎合有知识的精英们而开设的专门商店,而是创建了“不分阶层和背景人人都可以进入”的大众商店。

2015全国卷1听力稿的翻译(精华)

2015全国卷1听力稿的翻译(精华)

Text 1W: What time is your train leaving?你的火车什么时候离开M: It leaves at ten. I’ve got fifty minutes left. 它在10点离开,我已经只剩下50分钟了W: You’d better hurry, or you won’t be able to catch it.你最好匆忙(抓紧)一点,否则你将不能赶上它Text 2M: Nice weather (we’re having), don’t you think? (我们拥有这么)好的天气,你不这样认为吗?W: No. It is too cold.是的。

我不认为这太冷了M: I think it is just right.我认为这正好W: I’d prefer it(a few degrees warmer).我更喜欢几度温暖的(天气)Text 3M: Now, let’s stop talking and get going. I need to be (in my office)( in fifteen minutes), or I’ll be late (for a meeting).现在,让我们停止讲话继续走。

我需要在15分钟到达我的办公室,否则我将会迟到这次会议。

W: Okay, bye.好的,再见Text 4M: This course is really difficult.这个课真的很难W: I don’t think (it’s all )(that bad). And we’llbenefit a lot from it.我认为这不是全部的那么难。

并且我们能从中收益很多M: So, you’re taking it too?所以,你要把它拿下吗W: That’s true.那是事实Text 5W: Could you turn that off? I can’t hear myself think. 你能把那个关了吗?我不能听到我自己的想法了M: What?什么?W: The radio.录音机M: Oh! Sorry.哦!抱歉Text 6W: Hi Michael! I heard you just came back from a holiday. 嗨Michael!我听说你刚刚度假回来M: Yes. I stayed for a week in China, and five days in India.是的。

考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译Vision

考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译Vision

考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译Vision1.visa ['vi:zə]n. (护照等的)签证;维萨信用卡vt. 签证2.visible ['vizəbl]a. 看得见的,明显的,显著的【同义词】obvious distinct【真题例句】These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible.(2015翻译)参考译文:这些变化是渐进的,最开始几乎不明显。

3.invisible [in'vizəbl]a. 看不见的,无形的4.visual ['vizjuəl]a. 看的,看得见的;视觉的【同义词】optical Life-like【真题例句】IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies ...(2007阅读2)参考译文:IQ测试要你完成文字和视觉类推……5.visit ['vizit]n. 访问,参观v. 访问,参观;视察;降临;闲谈【同义词】stay call【真题例句】There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them - and they do.(2004阅读1)参考译文:数据库里可能还有更多的匹配项,于是,求职者只得再次访问这个网站来找。

事实上,求职者真的这样做。

6.visitor ['vizitə]n. 访问者,客人,来宾,参观者【同义词】transient fetcher【真题例句】It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary.(2004阅读1)参考译文:其特点是互动性,这样访问者就可敲入一些和工作标准相关的关键词,如:地点、职位和薪水等。

2006年考研英语真题及解析

2006年考研英语真题及解析

2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章结构分析本文介绍了美国无家可归者日益增多这个社会问题。

第一、二段分析问题的严重性,指出在美国无家可归者的数量不断增长,已经到了联邦政府必须采取措施给他们提供帮助的地步。

第三段指出帮助无家可归者的任务相当艰巨,需要通过全面规划,协调运行来解决他们的各种需求。

二、试题具体解析1.[A] Indeed 实际上(表肯定和强调)[B] Likewise 同样地(表类比)[C] Therefore 因此(表因果)[D] Furthermore 而且(表递进)【答案】A【考点】逻辑搭配【难度系数】 0.365【解析】空前后是两个独立的句子,显然填入空的词应该表示这两个句子之间逻辑关系的内容,空前谈到“无家可归者在美国人口中的比例越来越大”,空后“无家可归者达到如此高的比例,以至于到了当地政府无法……”。

从两句的内容看,空前内容是两句中的论点,空后是对该论点的具体事实说明,能表征此类关系的只有选项A。

故答案为A。

2.[A] stand容忍,经受[B] cope应付,处理[C] approve同意,赞成[D] retain保留,保持【答案】B【考点】词义辨析【难度系数】 0.243【解析】空所在的句意为:无家可归问题已经达到了如此的规模,以至于地方政府都不能。

从句意可以看出这里应该表示问题的严重性,以至于政府都难以应对了,能表示“处理、应对”的只有cope。

故本题答案为B。

3.[A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward【答案】D【考点】词法搭配【难度系数】 0.208【解析】从空所在的位置可以判断出本题考查的是help后面的介词搭配的用法。

help sb. in doing sth.,表示“帮助某人做什么事”,in后面接动名词(固定用法)。

help sb. with sth.意为“通过做某件事帮助别人完成这件事”,两者代入文中,语意上讲不通。

2015年考研英语一真题、解析和全文翻译(大师兄版)

2015年考研英语一真题、解析和全文翻译(大师兄版)

[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32.The phrase“flagged up”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to______.[A]found[B]revised[C]marked[D]stored33.Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may______.[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Science’s circulation[D]set an example for other journals34.David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now______.[A]adds to researchers’workload[B]diminishes the role of reviewers[C]has room for further improvement[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35.Which of the following is the best title of the text?______.[A]Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers[B]Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C]Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’Desks[D]Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText4Two years ago,Rupert Murdoch’s daughter,Elisabeth,spoke of the“unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”.Integrity had collapsed,she argued,because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism”in society should be profit and the market.But“it’s us,human beings,we the people who create the society we want,not profit”.Driving her point home,she continued:“It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose,of a moral language within government,media or business could become one of the most dangerous own goals for capitalism and freedom.”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International,she thought,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World,Andy Coulson,for conspiring to hack phones,and finding his predecessor,Rebekah Brooks,innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to5,500people. This is hacking on an industrial scale,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire,the man hired by the News of the World in2001to be the point person for phone hacking.Others await trial.This long story still unfolds.In many respects,the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place.One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom,how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived.The core of her successful defense was that she knew nothing.In today’s world,it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run.Perhaps we should not be so surprised.For a generation,the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit.The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility,shareholder value,business-friendly,wealth generation,sales,impact and,in newspapers,circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice,fairness,tolerance,proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding,to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity.It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact.Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories,but she asked no questions,gave no instructions—nor received traceable,recorded answers.36.According to the first two paragraphs,Elisabeth was upset by______.[A]the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B]companies’financial loss due to immoral practices[C]governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions37.It can be inferred from Paragraph3that______.[A]Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.[B]more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C]Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D]phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38.The author believes the Rebekah Brooks’s defense______.[A]revealed a cunning personality[B]centered on trivial issues[C]was hardly convincing[D]was part of a conspiracy39.The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows______.[A]generally distorted values[B]unfair wealth distribution[C]a marginalized lifestyle[D]a rigid moral code40.Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?______.[A]The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B]Common humanity is central to news reporting.[C]Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.[D]Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)How does your reading proceed?Clearly you try to comprehend,in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them,drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar.(41)__________.You begin to infer a context for the text,for instance by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved:who is making the utterance,to whom,when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension.But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving.You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues.(42) ___________.Conceived in this way,comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader.What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute,fixed or“true”meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world.(43)___________.Such background material inevitably reflects who we are.(44)___________.This doesn’t,however,make interpretation merely relative or even pointless.Precisely because readers from different historical periods,places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page—including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns—debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it,(45)_________. Such dimensions of reading suggest—as others introduced later in the book will also do—that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading.It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller,more advanced or more worthwhile than another.Ideally,different kinds of reading inform each other,and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another.Together,they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A]Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure?Skimming it for information?Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely todiffer considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B]Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading,our gender,ethnicity,age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C]If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms,you guess at their meanings,using clues presented in the context.On the assumption that they will become relevant later,you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect,you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence,image or reference might have had:these might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences,for instance about how the text may be significant to you,or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays,novels and narrative poems,characters speak as constructs created by the author,not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G]Rather,we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material:between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures(so especially its language structures)and various kinds of background,social knowledge,belief and attitude that we bring to the text.SectionⅢTranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Within the span of a hundred years,in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries,a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America.(46)This movement,driven by powerful and diverse motivations,built a nation out of a wilderness and,by its nature,shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47)The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs,and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.Of necessity,colonial America was a projection of Europe.Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen,Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,Swedes,and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.(48)But,inevitably,the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America,the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another,and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw,new continent caused significant changes.These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible.But the result was a new social pattern which,although it resembled European society in many ways,had a character that was distinctly American.(49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America.In the meantime,thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico,the West Indies,and South America.These travelers to North America came in small,unmercifully overcrowded craft.During their six-to twelve-week voyage,they subsisted on meager rations.Many of the ships were lost in storms,many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey.Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course,and often calm brought interminable delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.Said one chronicler,“The air at twelve leagues’distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.”The colonists’firstglimpse of the new land was a vista of dense woods.(50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.Here was abundant fuel and lumber.Here was the raw material of houses and furniture,ships and potash,dyes and naval stores.SectionⅣWritingPart A51.Directions:You are going to host a club reading session.Write an email of about100words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题参考答案Section I Use of English(10points)1.A B C D2.A B C D3.A B C D4.A B C D5.A B C D6.A B C D7.A B C D8.A B C D9.A B C D10.A B C D11.A B C D12.A B C D13.A B C D14.A B C D15.A B C D16.A B C D17.A B C D18.A B C D19.A B C D20.A B C D Section II Reading Comprehension(50points)Part A(40points)21.A B C D22.A B C D23.A B C D24.A B C D25.A B C D26.A B C D27.A B C D28.A B C D29.A B C D30.A B C D31.A B C D32.A B C D33.A B C D34.A B C D35.A B C D36.A B C D37.A B C D38.A B C D39.A B C D40.A B C DPart B(10points)41.A B C D E F G42.A B C D E F G43.A B C D E F G44.A B C D E F G45.A B C D E F GSection III Translation(15points)46.这次由各种强烈动机驱动的人口迁移运动在一片荒芜中创造了一个国家,而其荒无人烟的本质也让这次人口迁移塑造了这个无人涉足过的大陆的品格和命运。

2015年考研英语一真题及答案 翻译

2015年考研英语一真题及答案 翻译

2015年考研英语一真题解析:翻译Directions:Part CRead the following text carefully and then translate theunderlined sentences into Chinese . Your translation should bewritten neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth andearly eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one the great folk wanderings of history-sweptfrom Europe to America.(46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built anation out of a w ilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an unchartedcontinent.(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peopleswith their varied ideas,customs and national characteristics and the impact of a n ew country whichmodified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlanticcame successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans , Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen,Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the newworld.(48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varie dnational groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world way s in a raw,new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible.But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in manyways, had a character that was distinctly American.(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United Sta tescrossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explo rations ofNorth America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been establishe d in Mexico, theWest Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifullyovercrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they sur vived on barely enough foodallotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, man y passengers died of disease, andinfants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, andoften calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible reli ef. Saidone recorder of events, The air at twelve leagues distance smelt as sweet as a ne w-blown garden.Thecolonists first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.(5 0)The virgin forest with itsrichness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house whichextended from Maine all the waydown to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. H ere was the raw material of houses andfurniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval store s.【参考答案】46.在多种强大的动机驱动下,这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家,其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

2006年考研英语一真题阅读翻译

2006年考研英语一真题阅读翻译

2006年考研英语一真题阅读翻译In the 1970s, Mexico City was considered one of the most polluted cities in the world. Its air quality was so poor that it often exceeded acceptable levels, and the city's residents suffered from various respiratory diseases. To combat this environmental crisis, the government implemented a series of measures aimed at reducing pollution levels.Firstly, stricter regulations were put in place to control industrial emissions. Factories were required to install pollution control devices and regularly monitor their emissions. Heavy penalties were imposed on violators, which encouraged industries to adopt cleaner production methods.Secondly, public transportation was greatly improved to reduce the number of private vehicles on the road. The government invested in the expansion and modernization of the metro system, as well as the implementation of bus rapid transit (BRT) systems. This made it more convenient and affordable for citizens to choose public transportation over driving their own cars.Furthermore, efforts were made to promote alternative energy sources and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Solar and wind power projects were introduced, and incentives were provided to individuals and businesses to switch to these cleaner energy sources. Additionally, the government invested in the development of electric vehicles and established charging stations across the city.To address the issue of waste management, recycling programs were implemented, and landfills were regulated to prevent the release of harmfulsubstances into the environment. Trash collection systems were improved, ensuring that waste was properly disposed of and reducing the amount of pollution generated.In addition to these measures, educational campaigns were launched to raise awareness about the importance of environmental conservation. Schools and community organizations organized workshops and seminars to educate the public on sustainable practices and encourage individual actions to reduce pollution.As a result of these efforts, Mexico City experienced a significant improvement in air quality over the years. The concentration of pollutant particles in the air decreased, and the occurrence of respiratory diseases declined. The city's public transportation system became more efficient and reliable, reducing traffic congestion and greenhouse gas emissions. Renewable energy sources played a larger role in the energy mix, contributing to a reduction in carbon emissions. Waste management practices improved, leading to less pollution from landfill sites.However, despite these achievements, the battle against pollution in Mexico City is ongoing. The city continues to face challenges such as population growth, urbanization, and industrial expansion, which pose new threats to the environment. It is important for the government and the community to remain vigilant and proactive in implementing sustainable solutions to protect the city's air, water, and land.In conclusion, the measures implemented by the Mexican government to combat pollution in Mexico City have resulted in significant improvements in air quality, public transportation, energy sources, and waste management.These efforts serve as a testament to the importance of environmental conservation and the need for collective action to address environmental challenges.。

2006年考研英语一真题阅读翻译

2006年考研英语一真题阅读翻译

2006年考研英语一真题阅读翻译
在2006年的考研英语一真题中,阅读理解部分的翻译题目要求考生将
一段英文材料翻译成中文。

该段落主要讨论了关于教育和个人发展的
话题,强调了教育在个人成长过程中的重要性。

以下是该段落的翻译:
教育是个人发展的关键因素,它不仅提供了知识,还培养了批判性思
维和解决问题的能力。

通过教育,个人能够更好地理解周围的世界,
并为未来的挑战做好准备。

教育的这种力量是如此强大,以至于它能
够改变个人的命运,甚至影响整个社会的发展轨迹。

教育的普及化使得更多的人有机会接受教育,这不仅提高了整个社会
的文化水平,也促进了经济的发展。

随着教育水平的提高,人们对于
工作的要求也越来越高,这推动了各行各业的创新和进步。

此外,教
育还能够帮助人们更好地理解不同文化和价值观,从而促进社会的和
谐与稳定。

然而,教育也面临着许多挑战。

随着科技的快速发展,教育方式和内
容也需要不断更新以适应新的社会需求。

同时,教育资源的分配不均
也是一个亟待解决的问题。

为了确保每个人都有平等的教育机会,政
府和社会需要共同努力,提高教育的质量和可及性。

总之,教育是个人和社会进步的基石。

通过不断改进教育体系,我们
能够培养出更多有能力、有创造力的人才,为社会的发展做出贡献。

教育的力量是无穷的,它能够激发个人的潜能,推动社会的进步。

因此,我们应该重视教育,为每个人提供平等的教育机会,以实现更加
美好的未来。

历年考研英语一真题翻译及答案汇总

历年考研英语一真题翻译及答案汇总

1980年考研英语翻译:The life of Albert Einstein is a model in many ways for both natural and political scientists.First of all, he always employed the scientific method of seeking truth from facts. He firmly believed as he put it, that “there is nothing incomprehensible about the universe,”and through painstaking work, explained many of the phenomena thought to be “incomprehensible” in his day. Einstein was also never afraid to admit mistakes when facts proved his theories wrong.Second, Einstein’s contributions showed the great importance of theoretical work to scientific effort. Although he himself rarely worked in laboratories, the concepts he developed led to many of the scientific advances which have shaped modern technology.Third, Einstein believed very deeply that scientists must have a moral and social consciousness. In this way, he provided inspiration for a whole generation of scientists who became active in the Communist movement.Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writings as a “genius”whose theories are so complicated that no one but a few best scientists can understand them. But he himself rejected the efforts to put him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble manner and often stressed to interviewers that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had he never lived.Actually, Einstein’s theory of relativity and his other scientific works are not that hard to understand with a little study. But beyond learning Einstein’s theories, his overall attitude towards science as a tool to liberate humanity is something from which everyone can and should learn.(2)Between now and the end of the century, there will be many exciting developments and also many difficult problems to deal with. Perhaps the most urgent problem is to provide enough food. The world’s population is expected to reach 7,000 million by the year 2000, but already scientists have produced new and better varieties of wheat and rice and animal. They have also been experimenting with techniques of cultivating plants by using mixtures of chemical compounds and water only, and then there will be no need for ordinary soil. Another problem which the world will face is to get rid of refuse (废料). One solution is to burn refuse at very high temperatures in incinerators (焚化炉). A development of this, which may prove very useful in the future, is to use these incinerators to generate steam power. In fact, any new source of energy will be very welcome, as there is already a shortage of petroleum. To solve the energy problem, scientists will probably also try to make more use of solar energy.The possible effects of some scientific fields, such as lasers and cryogenics (低温学), are difficult to imagine and both already have a number of uses. The supercooling effects of the cryogenics which convert liquid helium (液态氦) and other gases into “superfluids” and metals into “superconductors”, making them non-resistant to electricity, could change the world in a number of ways. The laser, with its beam of strong light, can drill a hole in a diamond, and yet can be so well controlled that it can be used in delicate eye operations. The question is whether it will be most used for peaceful purposes or as a deadly weapon.But perhaps the most remarkable developments will occur in space flight. One of the difficulties in the past has been the high cost, but now the space shuttle is being developed, and can be used a large number of times instead of only once. Already man has been to the moon. Perhaps by the end of the century he will have had a close-up view of Venus (金星) or Mars (火星).阿伯特·爱因斯坦的一生在许多方面,无论是对自然科学家,还是政治科学家,都是一个范例。

全国2006-2015年高考英语试题分类汇编全集(含解析)

全国2006-2015年高考英语试题分类汇编全集(含解析)

【十年高考】2006-2015年全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编:代词〖06全国Ⅰ〗If I can help_______, I don’t like working late into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them〖答案〗C〖考点〗考查代词的用法。

〖解析〗if I can help it意为“如果我有办法”, 表示有办法做某事, 或有办法控制某个局面。

所提供的情景I don’t like working late into the night说明如果有办法, 不喜欢工作到深夜。

so意为“这样”, 常用于省略句中, 代替上文中的动作。

that用于代替上文的内容。

〖06北京〗— Which driver was to blame?— Why, _______ ! It was the child’s fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars.A. bothB. eachC. eitherD. neither〖答案〗D〖考点〗考查代词的用法。

〖解析〗neither意为“(两者)都不”。

根据所提供的情景It was the child’s fault, clear and simple.可判断出两个司机都不应该受到责备, 因为是孩子的过错。

both表示“(两者)都”, 两个司机都应受到责备, 与所提供的情景矛盾。

either意为“两者之一的;(两者之中)随便哪一个的;两者中任何一方的”, 其意思是两个司机中的任何一个都应受到责备。

each意为“每一个”, 表示多于两个, 与下文中的two parked car矛盾。

〖06上海〗I made so many changes in my composition mat only I could read it. To ____ else, it was hard to make out.A. noneB. everyoneC. someoneD. anyone〖答案〗D〖考点〗考查代词的用法。

英语全国卷15年一卷阅读翻译

英语全国卷15年一卷阅读翻译

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国I卷)A伦敦运河博物馆的每月讲座我们每月讲座的开始时间是每个月(除了八月)的第一个周四的晚上19:30。

入场费是正常的标准,并且无需预订。

结束时间大概是晚上21:00。

11月7日《运河先锋》,主讲人克里斯·刘易斯。

詹姆斯·布林德利被认为是早期重要的运河工程师之一。

他也是运河设计和建造艺术的主要培训人员。

克里斯会讲解詹姆斯是如何对早期的“土木工程师”群体的培养做出积极贡献的。

12月5日《供应大都市的冰》,主讲人马尔科姆·塔克。

在冰箱发明之前,人们需要用冰来保证食物的保鲜和供应。

马尔科姆会解释进口天然冰的历史、建造冰窖的技术和伦敦冰贸易的发展。

2月6日《关于科茨沃尔德运河的最新消息》,主讲人丽兹·佩恩。

斯特劳德运河即将重新开放。

泰晤士河和赛文运河会将会晚些开放。

我们会对当前的进展情况进行报道。

3月6日《河之洲——泰晤士河诸岛》,主讲人米兰达·维克斯。

泰晤士河有很多岛屿。

米兰达对所有这些岛进行了仔细研究。

她会告诉我们有关最有趣的那些岛的一些事。

网上预订:/book更多信息:/whatson伦敦运河博物馆伦敦新九龙仓道12-13号 www.canalmuseum.mobi电话************B这个冬天,寒冷的东北并不是一个打发时间的非常有趣的地方。

因此,当我有机会去佛罗里达的萨拉索塔度过周末时,不等你把“阳光”说出口,我的行李就已经打包好了。

我出发去了这个温暖和维生素C充足的地方,脑子里想的是沙滩和橘子树。

当我们下飞机,感受到蔚蓝的天空和暖洋洋的空气时,我做了个小的感恩祷告。

游泳池、葡萄酒品尝、粉红色的夕阳(一般在傍晚的时候,不是在下午的四点)填满着这个周末,但是最棒的部分——十分合我那被数月寒天里的块根类蔬菜弄得麻木的胃口——就是早上七点去萨拉索塔的农贸市场的奇妙之旅,事实证明为其早起非常值得。

这个市场建于1979年,沿着北柠檬和州街,每周六从早上7点到下午1点营业,无论是雨天还是晴天。

2006年高考全国卷1英语(含答案)

2006年高考全国卷1英语(含答案)

英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。

2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解,自欺欺人。

3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。

4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。

5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。

6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。

7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。

8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。

9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。

10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难,失朋友易。

11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。

12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。

13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。

14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。

15、A mother's love never changes. 母爱永恒。

16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果,不用请医生。

17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春,百花齐放春满园。

18、A year's plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。

考研英语一历年翻译真题及答案

考研英语一历年翻译真题及答案

考研英语一历年翻译真题:(2016-1994)(此资料由小七i整理,请不要外传,仅用于考研学习借鉴,如有错误地方,请自行参考其他资料。

)【每年的题目单独编译成页是为了便于打印后直接在上面进行书写】翻译主题分析:1994年:天才、技术与科学发展的关系 1995年:标准化教育与心理评估(364词)1996年:科学发展的动力(331词) 1997年:动物的权利(417词)1998年:宇宙起源(376词) 1999年:史学研究方法(326词)2000年:科学家与政府(381词) 2001年:计算机与未来生活展望(405词)2002年:行为科学发展的困难 2003年:人类学简介(371词)2004年:语言与思维(357词) 2005年:电视媒体2006年:美国的知识分子 2007年:法学研究的意义2008年:达尔文的思想观点 2009年:正规教育的地位2010年:经济与生态 2011年:能动意识的作用2012年:普遍性真理 2013年:人类状况2014年:贝多芬的一生 2015年:历史学方面2016年:心理健康46) We don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. 47) Our mental health doesn't go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.49) Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. 48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after thefifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America.50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia in the south. Here was abundant fuel and lumber.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.48)The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.49) Most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.46) In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.47) Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.48) To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.49) The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.50) Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it.46)Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.47) While we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.49) Circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.50)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.47) But we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.46)He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.48)On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."50)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear preps of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.50)They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.49) Crea ting a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall” -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.”61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.64) Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”65) Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. 65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century."75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder--kitchen rage.71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools relaxation will be in front of smell-television and digital age will have arrived.73)Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications,people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas,while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder kitchen rage.71) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians,modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.72) Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.73) During this transfer,traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.74) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.75) It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources. And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.71) But even more important,it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past,for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang,first put forward in the 1920s,to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.73) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures,and may report their findings soon.74) If the small hot spots look as expected,that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea,a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.75) Odd though it sounds,cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics,and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.71) Actually,it isn’t,because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights,which is something the world does not have.72) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract,as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans,or with no consideration at all.74) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect,extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.75) When that happens,it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action,an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.71) Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.72 )This trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 73) This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.74) However,the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world more fascinating and delightful aspects.75) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past,giving rise to new standards of elegance.1995年考研英语(一)翻译真题71) The target is wrong,for in attacking the tests,critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.72) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.73) Whether to use tests,other kinds of information,or both in a particular situation depends,therefore,upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.74) In general,the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicated can not be well defined.75) For example,they do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.1994年考研英语(一)翻译真题71) Science moves forward,they say,not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.72)“In short”,a leader of the new school contends,“the scientific revolution,as we call it,was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”73) Over the years,tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 74) Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.75) Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving for。

2006年-2014年考研英语真题答案汇总:翻译篇

2006年-2014年考研英语真题答案汇总:翻译篇

2006年考研英语翻译真题(51) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socr atic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.(52) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possi ble the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.(53) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not b een charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.(54) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is ex pected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.(55) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections o n human problems which involve moral judgment.2006年考研英语翻译答案51.我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人。

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2006年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题文章翻译Section I Use of English无家可归者占美国人口的比例不断增长。

这一比例如此之大,甚至地方政府也无法应付。

为帮助他们自立,联邦政府必须扶持工作培训项目,提高最低工资,资助建造低价房屋。

多少美国人无家可归,其数字存有争议。

据估计其数目从60万到300万不等。

尽管该数目有变化,分析人士确信另一个问题:即无家可归者的人数正不断增加,联邦政府的一项研究预言,十年后该数字将达到近1900万。

采取措施来帮助日益增长的这群人变得愈发艰难。

虽然他们每个人试图寻找一处寄宿处,可以得到一日三餐,夜里安眠,但是,很多人仍旧大半时间流浪在街头,部分原因是许多无家可归的成年人嗜酒或吸毒,还有人患有严重的精神障碍,尽管其他人虽无不良嗜好,也无精神障碍,但是缺少简单的生存技能来重新生活。

波士顿环球报记者克里斯·雷顿说,只有通过全面的项目满足了无家可归者的不同需求,这种状况才能改善。

爱德华·布莱克斯基,马萨诸塞州本特里学院的慈善中心主任,断言,“各种救助项目需要协调,我们所需的是一揽子计划”。

Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1尽管有“无休止的民族差异的争议”,美国社会仍然是一架令人惊异的同化不同民族的机器。

它有着大众文化特有的“民主化的统一衣着和谈吐,随意和随心所欲”。

人们沉浸在19世纪出现的由百货商店发起的“消费文化”之中,这些商店“在优雅的环境中出售种类繁多的商品。

它们并不是只为满足知识精英人士的舒适型商店”,这些商店“任何人都可以光顾,无论阶层与背景如何,从而使得购物成为一种公共的和大众化的行为”。

大众媒体、广告和体育是其他同化的力量。

移民正在很快地融入这一共同文化,这可能并不高尚,但也并非有害。

G·R是国家移民论坛的作者之一。

他认为现在的移民状况既不能说是空前的,也不能说是抵制了同化现象。

1998年移民占总人口的9.8%;1900年占13.6%。

在1990年的前十年,1000个居民中有3.1个移民,1890年的前十年,每1000个居民有9.2个移民。

现在来看看同化过程的三大指标——语言,住房拥有权和异族通婚。

1990年人口普查显示,“来自十五个最主要移民来源国家的大多数移民,在定居十年后英语说得‘好’或‘非常好’。

”移民的子女往往掌握双语并精通英语。

“到了第三代,多数移民家庭的孩子则不会母语。

”因此,美国被人视作“母语的坟墓”。

到1996年为止,生于国外的、1970年前来到美国的移民拥有75.6%的住房率,高于美国本土出生者69.8%拥有率。

在国外出生的亚裔人和西班牙裔人的通婚率“比美国出生的白人和黑人之间的通婚率还高”。

到第三代,三分之一的西班牙裔女性与非西班牙裔人结婚,41%的亚裔女性与非亚裔男性结婚。

Rodriguez指出,在世界上许多偏远村庄里的孩子们崇拜Arnold Schwarzenegger 和Garth Brooks这样的超级巨星,然而“有一些美国人担忧居住在美国的移民们对于这个国家的同化力量保持着免疫力”。

美国存在分裂问题和骚乱地区吗?的确,国家如此之大,各种各样的东西都会有一点。

尤其回顾美国动荡的过去,今天美国的社会指标几乎没有显示出任何社会环境的黑暗和恶化。

Text 2众所周知,Stratford on Avon城只有一项产业——威廉·莎士比亚(戏剧业)——但是,这项产业有两个相互分离、相互敌视的分支。

一边是皇家莎士比亚公司(RSC),它在Avon河畔的莎士比亚纪念剧院中上演着优秀的戏剧作品;另一边是小城的居民,他们主要靠游客生活,这些游客不是来看戏而是来参观Anne Hathaway草堂、莎士比亚出生地和其他景点。

Stratford城可敬的居民们不相信剧院能给他们带来哪怕是一个便士的收入。

他们坦承不喜欢RSC的演员们,这些演员披着长发,留着胡须,穿着便鞋,并且吵吵嚷嚷。

这真是一个绝好的讽刺,当你想到他们赖以谋生的莎士比亚本人也是位演员(留着胡须),并参与制造噪音。

游客并没有完全分开。

乘坐公共汽车来的观光客——常常也顺便参观Warwick 城堡和Blenheim 宫殿——一般不看演出,其中有些游客在Stratford城里看到剧院甚至很吃惊。

但是看戏的游客常常进行一定的观光活动。

RSC认为,正是这些戏剧观众为小城带来了收入,因为夜晚他们都会入住饭店(有些住四五个晚上),为饭店和餐馆带来不菲的收入。

而观光客能够在天黑前就完成所有观光并离开小城。

小城的居民却不这么认为,地方议会不愿给RSC提供直接的财政补贴。

Stratford城长期以来一直说穷。

但是,城里的每个饭店似乎都在扩建配楼或鸡尾酒休闲吧。

希尔顿正在建造自己的饭店,可以肯定它会装饰成哈姆莱特汉堡酒吧、李尔王休闲吧、班柯宴会厅等建筑物那样,造价相当昂贵。

总之,居民们不理解RSC为什么会需要财政补贴。

(剧院连续三年来一直爆满,去年它1431个座位的全年上座率一直高达94%,今年上座率还将更高。

)原因当然是,戏院成本飞涨而票价一直维持较低水平。

大幅提升票价是一件令人惋惜的事情,因为这会将那些年轻人拒之门外,他们是Stratford城最具吸引力的客户。

他们来这里只为看戏不为观光。

他们看上去都很像(尽管来自不同的地方)——有瘦削、直率、执著的面庞,穿牛仔裤和便鞋,啃着圆面包,在剧院外面的石板上彻夜排队,以便在上午10点半售票处开门时购买为他们预留的20张座票和80张站票。

Text 3史前人类一到达地球上的新的环境,大型动物身上发生了某种奇怪的变化:它们突然灭绝了。

一些体型小的物种保存下来。

体积庞大、行动迟缓的动物易于被猎杀,于是迅速被猎杀殆尽。

如今,同样的事情可能正在海洋里发生。

海洋鱼类被过量捕捞的事实长期以来已广为人知。

Ransom Myers 和Boris Worm等研究人员揭示了这一情况的迅速发展。

他们调查了世界各地渔场半个世纪以来的数据。

他们的方法不是试图去评估特定海域内的鱼类实际数量(活生物的数量),而是评估随着时间的推移数量的变化。

根据他们最近发表在《自然》杂志上的一篇论文可知,在一个新渔场内,大型食肉鱼类资源在开始开发后的15年内平均减少了80%。

在某些长期开发的地方,从那时起,其数量又减少了一半。

Worm博士承认这些还是保守的数据。

原因之一是捕渔技术的提高。

如今的捕鱼船会通过卫星和声波搜寻目标,而这在五十年前还办不到。

这意味着海洋中更高比例的鱼类正被捕捞,因此现在与过去的真实差距可能比捕捞量的改变所记录的要糟糕得多。

早些年,延绳钓船的多钩长线上挂满了鱼,有些鱼会免遭捕捞,因为没有更多带饵的鱼钩来诱捕它们,这导致过去对水中鱼的数量有所低估。

而且,在以前的延绳捕捞时期,很多鱼上钩之后又被鲨鱼吃掉了。

这个问题已不再存在,因为现在鲨鱼数量减少了。

Myers博士和Worm博士认为,他们的研究工作提供了一条准确的基线,未来的渔业管理必须将其纳入考虑范围。

他们相信,这些数据支持了在海洋生物学家中流行的一种观点,那就是“变化的基线”。

这一观点认为,人们未能察觉到海洋中发生的巨大变化,因为人们只回顾了过去相对较短的一段时期。

这点很重要,因为理论显示,一个渔场可持续的最大产量不得超过目标鱼类数量的初始水平的50%。

大多数渔场的数量都低于这一水平,这并非商业运作的好方法。

Text 4很多事情让人们觉得艺术家很怪,但是最怪的可能是这些:艺术家唯一的工作是探究情感,然而他们却选择那些令人不快的情感。

事情并非一直这样。

早期的艺术形式,比如绘画和音乐,是最适合表达快乐的形式。

但是,从19世纪某个时期,越来越多的艺术家开始将快乐视为毫无意义的、虚假的,或者更甚的是令人厌烦的东西,正如我们从Wordsworth的《水仙花》到Baudelaire的《恶之花》中感受的一样。

也许你会认为,艺术更加怀疑幸福,是因为现代社会充满了太多的不幸。

但是,早期的社会并非没有无尽的战乱、灾难和滥杀无辜。

实际上,原因也许恰好相反:现代社会充斥着过多“该死的”幸福。

归根到底,在宣扬快乐方面几乎不遗余力的那种现代表达形式是什么呢?广告。

“反快乐”艺术几乎与大众媒介同步出现,随之而来的是一种商业文化。

在这种商业文化中,快乐不仅是一个理想,而且是一种意识形态。

之前几个时代的人们常常被痛苦的事情包围。

他们精疲力竭地工作,生活没有保障,并且过早死亡。

在西方,大众传媒和读书习字普及之前,最有影响力的大众传媒是教会。

它提醒信徒,人的灵魂危机重重,人的肉体终为虫所噬。

既然如此,人们的确不希望艺术也如此令人沮丧。

如今,多数西方人所接受的主要信息不是来自宗教而是来自商业,并且永远是快乐的信息。

快餐食客、新闻主持人、发短信的人,都在微笑,微笑,微笑。

我们的杂志专门刊登那些笑容可掬的社会名流和高堂华屋中的幸福家庭。

由于这些信息都有一个目的——那就是引诱我们掏钱——它们使快乐这个概念显得并不可靠。

“庆祝吧!”Celebrex牌关节炎药品的广告告诉人们,随后我们发现它可能会增加心脏病发作的危险。

但是,我们忘记了——经济依赖于忘记——幸福不仅仅是没有痛苦的快乐。

带来最大乐趣的东西往往具有带来损失和失望的最大可能性。

今天,我们被快乐的诺言所包围,需要艺术来提醒我们,正如宗教曾做的那样,Memento mori:记住,你终将死亡,一切都会结束,快乐并不是否认这一切,而是与之共存。

这种信息要比丁香香烟更苦涩,然而不知为何却是一股新鲜空气。

Part B在俄亥俄河的北岸,坐落者印第安纳州的埃文斯威城,那里有52岁的David Williams的家,还有一家设在内河船上的赌场(人们玩各种赌博游戏的地方)。

在这家赌场的几年赌博中,Williams,一位年薪35,000美元的州审计员,输掉了约175,000美元。

而在这家赌场送他一张价值20美元的赠券之前,他从未光顾过赌场。

他去了赌场,输了20美元,然后离开了。

第二次去,他输了800美元。

作为一名好顾客,赌场发给他了一张“娱乐卡”。

在赌场里使用这张卡可以为餐饮赢得积分,也让赌场跟踪使用者的赌博活动。

对于Williams来说,这些活动成了他所说的“电子海洛因”。

到他输掉5,000美元时,他对自己说,只要能捞回本钱就不赌了。

一天晚上,他赢了5,500美元,但他没有收手。

1997年,他两天之内在一台投币机上输了21,000美元。

在1997年3月,他输了72,186美元。

有时候他同时玩两台投币机,通宵达旦,直到早晨5点赌船靠岸,然后在上午9点赌场开门时再回到船上。

现在他正在起诉这家赌场,指控赌场本该拒绝他的光顾,因为赌场知道他已上瘾。

赌场确实知道他有问题了。

1998年3月,Williams的一位朋友强行把他关进了一个戒毒中心治疗赌瘾,并写信给赌场,说明Williams的赌瘾问题。

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