2020高考英语一轮语法考点与训练---定语从句附解析

高三一轮语法回顾与训练---定语从句一、基本概念1. 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

3. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，它代替前面的先行词，且在定语从句中充当一个成分。

它包括关系代词和关系副词。

The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中，who is shaking hands with my father是定语从句，修饰先行词the man, “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man, 在定语从句中作主语。

二、基本结构先行词（名词、代词）+（关系代词、关系副词）+ 陈述句语序。

The reason (that) he gave for being late was just an excuse.三、关系代词和关系副词的区别关系代词（that / who / whom / whose / which / as）代替先行词在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语。

关系副词（when / where / why）代替先行词在定语从句中做时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，在有些情况下可分解成：介词+ which。

I’ll never forget the days which / that we spent in the remote village.I’ll never forget the days when / during which we stayed in the remote village.考点归纳一、只能用that 不能用which的情况1. 当先行词是“人+ 物”时，关系代词用that。

2. 先行词是不定代词（all / everything / something / anything / little / much / the one等）时，关系代词多用that。

3. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词或限定词the only / the very / all / every / any / few / no等修饰时，关系代词一般用that，如果先行词指人也可以用who。

They talked of things and persons that they remembered in school.Australia is the only country that is also a continent.二、不能用that的情况1. that不能引导非限定性定语从句。

2. 介词后不用that（介词后指人用whom，指物用which）。

Spam（垃圾邮件）, which once meant a not-so-good kind of canned meat, now stands for unwanted junk email. Spam曾经用来指不好的罐装肉，现在代表不想要的垃圾邮件。

John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family members.三、whose引导的定语从句whose可以指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。

whose + 名词= 名词+ of which / whom = of which / whom + 名词Look out! Don’t get close to the house whose roof is being repaired.The teacher had a careful talk with Tom, the major problem of whom is poor study habits.四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择。

在确定其中的介词时，可从以下三方面入手：1. 句子的意思；2. 先行词的意义；3. 从句中的动词固定搭配。

He was educated at a local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge.This is the farm on which he worked two years ago.In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.五、一些特殊的先行词当situation, point, case, activity, scene, atmosphere, condition, stage及period, festival, occasion等作先行词时，要注意具体情况具体分析：先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和表语时，用关系代词that / which引导从句；先行词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词where / when或“介词+ which”引导从句，表示在某种特定的情形下。

I had reached a point in my career where I needed to decide which way to go.What are some situations where body language is the only form of communication?六、as 的用法1. 用在固定搭配the same …as；as...as；such…as；so...as中。

This is the same bag as I lost last week.This is such a difficult problem as I can’t work out.2. as引导非限定性定语从句，意思为“正如”常见习惯用语有：as often happens 正如经常发生的那样as is often the case 通常情况是这样as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的as is known / as we know 众所周知As is mentioned above, the number of senior high school students is increasing.As I have pointed out, it is important to include vegetables in our diet.七、注意way（方式）后接定语从句时的引导词先行词是way，当引导词在从句中作状语时，关系词用in which, that或者省略；当引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that/which引导（作宾语时，引导词也可以省略）。

比较：The way (that / which) he explained to us was quite simple. (把从句补充完整：he explained the way to us，可以看出引导词在从句中作explained的宾语。

)The way (that / in which) he explained the sentence was simple.(把从句补充完整：he explained the sentence in the way，可以看出引导词在从句中作状语。

)八、that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别在定语从句中，定语从句对先行词起修饰作用，引导词that在从句中作主语或宾语；在同位语从句中, 同位语从句对同位名词内容起解释说明作用，引导词that不作任何成份。

The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. （同位语从句）The idea that he put forward surprises many people. （定语从句）九、定语从句中的主谓一致1. 关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。

2. “one of + 复数名词”作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当代词前有the, the only, the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词用单数。

Titanic is the only of these wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.强化训练一、填空：在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

1. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _________has been proved.2. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _________the weather may be better.3. I live next door to a couple _________children often make a lot of noise.4. Many young people, most of _________were well-educated, _________ (head) for remote regions to chase their dreams.5. It is a truly delightful place, _________looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.6. Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, _________you can hear some lovely music.7. The number of smokers, _________is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.8. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _________his employees enjoy their work.9. Please send us all the information _________ you have about the candidate for the position.10. Happiness and success often come to those _________are good at recognizing their own strengths.11. I don’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _________I went up to rescue a kite that _________ (stick) in the branches of a tree.12. He wrote a letter _________he explained what had happened in the accident.13. He was generous with his time, _________ which I was very grateful.14. One concern relates to a lack of control over _________appears on the Internet.15. Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(退黑激素), _________ has been proven to help people feel _________ (sleep) and reduce_________ (anxious)二、改错：每句错误最多有两处。