应用语言学论文 第二语言习得对英语教学的影响
浅析第二语言语用习得研究对外语教学的启示
![浅析第二语言语用习得研究对外语教学的启示](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/ea90e74791c69ec3d5bbfd0a79563c1ec5dad73e.png)
浅析第二语言语用习得研究对外语教学的启示第二语言语用习得是指学习者在第二语言学习过程中,逐渐掌握和运用该语言的语用知识和语用策略的过程。
与第一语言相比,第二语言语用习得的过程更为复杂,因为学习者不仅需要掌握语言的形式和结构,还要理解和运用不同语境下的语用规则和约定。
因此,研究第二语言语用习得对外语教学具有重要的启示。
首先,研究第二语言语用习得可以帮助教师了解学习者在语用意识和策略上的困难。
语用习得常涉及到言语行为、语境、言外之意等方面的知识,而这些知识对于学习者来说可能是陌生的。
通过研究语用习得,教师能够了解学习者在言语行为、礼貌用语、语体、语境等方面的困惑和困难,从而针对性地进行教学和辅导。
比如,教师可以帮助学习者提高言语行为的意识,让他们能够在不同情境下正确运用不同的言语行为策略。
其次,研究第二语言语用习得可以帮助教师设计合适的教学活动和任务。
语用习得是一个实践性的过程,学习者需要在真实的语境中不断实践和运用语用知识。
因此,教师可以设计各种真实的交际情境,让学习者在语用习得的过程中获得更多的实践机会。
比如,教师可以组织学习者进行角色扮演活动,让他们在模拟的情境中运用语言,并及时给予反馈和指导,帮助他们逐步提高语用能力。
此外,研究第二语言语用习得可以帮助教师培养学习者的跨文化交际能力。
语用习得涉及到言语行为在不同文化和社会背景中的差异,学习者需要了解并适应不同的文化和社会规范。
通过研究第二语言语用习得,教师可以帮助学习者了解和尊重不同文化和语言背景下的语用约定,培养学习者的跨文化交际能力。
比如,教师可以引导学习者探讨不同文化中言语行为的差异,让他们具备意识到并避免产生误解和冲突的能力。
最后,研究第二语言语用习得可以促进教师自身的专业发展。
语用习得是一个复杂而庞大的研究领域,对于教师而言,研究语用习得可以帮助他们深入了解第二语言教学的本质和目标,并更好地指导自己的教学实践。
通过参与相关的研究项目或活动,教师可以与其他研究者进行学术交流和合作,提升自己的研究水平和专业素养。
第二语言习得理论对英语教师的启示
![第二语言习得理论对英语教师的启示](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/64e452fa1b37f111f18583d049649b6648d7099a.png)
第二语言习得理论对英语教师的启示第二语言习得理论是指研究人类在学习第二语言时所涉及的认知、心理和环境因素的学科。
在教育领域,第二语言习得理论对教师的教学方式、教学内容、学生评估等方面都有着重要的启示。
特别是对于英语教师来说,深入了解和应用第二语言习得理论,能够帮助他们更好地指导学生学习英语,提高教学效果。
本文将探讨第二语言习得理论对英语教师的启示,并提供相应的教学建议。
第二语言习得理论强调输入假设。
输入假设认为学习第二语言时,学习者需要接受大量的语言输入,包括听力、阅读和说话。
英语教师应该为学生创造更多的语言输入机会,例如组织听力训练、阅读课堂和口语交流活动等。
教师还应鼓励学生多接触英语原版书籍、影视作品和新闻资讯,提供丰富多样的语言输入。
第二语言习得理论强调输出假设。
输出假设认为通过不断地输出语言,学习者才能逐渐提高语言能力。
英语教师应该鼓励学生多参与课堂讨论、口语演练和写作练习,让他们有机会使用英语进行交流和表达。
教师还可以设计一些实际的情境任务,让学生在真实场景中运用所学的英语知识,促进语言输出和运用能力的提高。
第二语言习得理论强调意义导向。
意义导向认为学习者在接受语言输入时需要对语言内容产生认知上的意义,才能更好地记忆和运用。
英语教师在教学中应该尽量让学生以真实场景和情境为基础,帮助他们建立起对语言知识的理解和运用。
通过教学材料和活动设计,引导学生将所学的英语知识与他们生活中的经历、情感和价值观联系起来,使学习过程更加有意义和深入。
第四,第二语言习得理论强调交互作用。
交互作用认为语言能力的提高离不开与他人的交流和互动。
英语教师应该鼓励学生进行互动式学习,多参与小组讨论、合作项目和角色扮演等活动。
教师可以设计一些情境任务,让学生在团队合作中共同解决问题、完成任务,从而促进他们的英语交流能力和团队合作精神。
第二语言习得理论强调反馈和修改。
反馈和修改认为学习者在语言输出时需要及时得到他人的反馈和指导,并在此基础上不断修改和完善语言表达。
探析第二语言习得理论对我国大学英语双语教学的影响和启示
![探析第二语言习得理论对我国大学英语双语教学的影响和启示](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/58369d08b207e87101f69e3143323968011cf435.png)
探析第二语言习得理论对我国大学英语双语教学的影响和启示【摘要】本文通过对第二语言习得理论和我国大学英语双语教学现状的探讨,分析了第二语言习得理论对双语教学的影响,并提出了关于重视输入与输出以及创设真实语言环境的启示。
在双语教学的发展方向上,本文认为应该注重教学方法的创新和真实语言环境的营造。
第二语言习得理论为我国大学英语双语教学提供了理论支持和指导,并对双语教学的发展方向提供了有益启示。
未来的研究和实践应该更加注重学生的实际语言运用能力的提升,促进双语教学的深入发展。
【关键词】第二语言习得理论、双语教学、大学英语、影响、启示、输入与输出、真实语言环境、发展方向、总结、展望1. 引言1.1 研究背景英语是世界上最为广泛使用的第二语言,对于我国学生而言,学习英语已经成为必修课程。
随着我国与世界各国的交流日益频繁,学生们对英语的需求也越来越迫切。
在传统的英语教学模式下,学生往往只是被动接受知识,缺乏实际运用英语的机会。
这种教学模式不仅难以激发学生学习英语的兴趣,更严重影响了他们的语言习得效果。
1.2 研究目的研究目的是探讨第二语言习得理论对我国大学英语双语教学的影响和启示,从而为双语教学的改进提供理论依据和实践指导。
具体目的包括:分析第二语言习得理论的核心概念和原理,以深入理解语言习得的本质及规律;调查我国大学英语双语教学的现状,了解存在的问题和挑战;探讨第二语言习得理论对双语教学的实际影响,从理论到实践的角度审视双语教学的有效性和改进空间;总结出重视输入与输出、创设真实语言环境等启示,为提升我国大学英语双语教学质量提供参考和建议。
通过本研究,旨在促进双语教学的发展,探索更符合语言习得规律的教学模式,为学生提供更优质的语言学习环境和更有效的学习方法。
2. 正文2.1 第二语言习得理论概述第二语言习得理论是指关于第二语言(或外语)学习和习得的理论体系。
最具代表性的是斯特拉维斯基的认知发展理论、克鲁斯的交流策略理论、斯蒂文斯的认知外语学习理论等。
第二语言习得理论对英语教师的启示
![第二语言习得理论对英语教师的启示](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/ac4d14ae18e8b8f67c1cfad6195f312b3069eb40.png)
第二语言习得理论对英语教师的启示第二语言习得理论是由美国语言学家斯蒂芬·克拉舍(Stephen Krashen)提出的,其核心理念是“输入”和“习得”。
克拉舍认为,语言的习得是由自然呈现的输入过程完成的,而非人为干预的教学过程。
这一理论对于传统的英语教学模式产生了深远的影响,也为英语教师提供了宝贵的启示。
第二语言习得理论告诉我们,语言的学习应该是一个自然而然的过程。
英语教师不应该只关注于学生的语法和语言知识的传授,而应该注重提供大量的语言输入,让学生在语言环境中自然地习得语言。
这就需要英语教师营造一个良好的语言环境,在课堂上给予学生足够的语言输入。
教师可以通过讲解、练习、游戏等多种方式来不断地给学生提供语言输入,让学生在使用英语的过程中自然地习得语言。
第二语言习得理论提醒我们,语言的学习是一个长期的过程。
习得语言需要一个长期的、渐进的过程,而非一蹴而就。
英语教师不应该过分追求学生的短期成绩,而应该让学生在长期的语言输入和实践中逐步习得英语。
教师应该给予学生充分的耐心和鼓励,让他们在长期的语言学习中逐渐积累和提高。
第二语言习得理论告诉我们,语言的学习需要情感的投入。
在语言学习的过程中,学生需要有情感上的投入和参与,才能更好地习得语言。
英语教师在教学中需要注重激发学生的学习兴趣和情感投入,让他们在学习英语的过程中愉快地投入从而更好地习得语言。
第四,第二语言习得理论提醒我们,语言的学习需要创造自然的语言环境。
在现实中,学生很多时候只有在课堂上才接触到英语,而在其他时间很少有语言输入。
英语教师需要创造更多的机会和环境,让学生在日常生活中也能接触到英语。
可以通过组织英语角、英语演讲比赛等方式来扩大学生的语言输入渠道,让学生在自然的语言环境中习得英语。
第五,第二语言习得理论告诉我们,语言的学习需要反复的实践。
习得语言不仅需要大量的语言输入,还需要通过实际的使用来巩固和加深印象。
英语教师应该鼓励学生多多进行语言实践,让他们在使用英语的过程中不断地巩固和提高自己的语言水平。
探析第二语言习得理论对我国大学英语双语教学的影响和启示
![探析第二语言习得理论对我国大学英语双语教学的影响和启示](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/2d9c84251fd9ad51f01dc281e53a580216fc50bc.png)
探析第二语言习得理论对我国大学英语双语教学的影响和启示随着全球化进程的加速和国际交流的日益频繁,作为国际通用语言之一的英语在我国的大学教育中变得越来越重要。
为了适应国际化的需要,我国许多大学已经开始实行双语教学,即在课堂教学中使用英语作为教学语言,以提高学生的英语水平和跨文化交际能力。
如何有效地开展双语教学成为了一个亟待解决的问题。
第二语言习得理论作为关于语言习得和教学的理论体系,对我国大学英语双语教学具有重要的影响和启示。
本文将从第二语言习得理论的角度探析其对我国大学英语双语教学的影响和启示。
第二语言习得理论为双语教学提供了理论支撑。
第二语言习得理论主张语言习得是一种自然而非计划性的过程,它强调了输入假设、交互作用假设等重要理论观点,指出了在正确的环境条件下,学习者会自然而然地习得目标语言。
针对这一理论观点,大学英语双语教学应该注重提供真实的语言输入和鼓励学生积极参与语言交际活动,从而创造一个良好的语言习得环境。
第二语言习得理论还强调了输出假设,即通过语言输出来促进语言习得。
在双语教学中,学生应该有更多的机会进行口语表达和书面表达,以巩固所习得的语言知识和技能。
第二语言习得理论为双语教学提供了理论支撑,为教师在实践中指明了方向。
第二语言习得理论为双语教学提供了教学策略和方法。
根据第二语言习得理论,很多研究者提出了一些有效的教学策略和方法,如任务型教学法、交际教学法、沉浸式教学法等。
这些教学策略和方法都强调了学生的主体地位,注重了学生的语言输出和交互。
在双语教学中,可以借鉴这些教学策略和方法,为学生提供更加自然和有效的语言习得环境。
可以设计一些有意义的任务来帮助学生运用所学的英语知识来解决实际的问题,或者组织一些角色扮演活动来促进学生的语言输出和交际。
通过采用这些教学策略和方法,可以更好地激发学生学习英语的兴趣和积极性,从而提高教学效果。
第二语言习得理论提醒我们关注学习者的个体差异。
第二语言习得理论认为每个学习者在语言习得过程中都有自己的个体特点和差异,这些差异包括认知差异、学习策略的差异、情感态度的差异等。
应用语言学论文 第二语言习得对英语教学的影响
![应用语言学论文 第二语言习得对英语教学的影响](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/8c032a2fed630b1c59eeb5ef.png)
The Enlightenment of SLA Theory to Language Teaching1. The Enlightenment of SLA Theory to Language TeachingAs early as in the 1970 s many linguists and applied linguists had conducted extensive studies of second language acquisition (SLA). These linguists called the acquisition of the mother tongue first language acquisition and the acquisition of other languages beyond the mother tongue second language acquisition. The early SLA research was done for the purpose of improving language teaching, so people often classify these researches as the orientations of applied linguistics and foreign language teaching research. The researchers have been studying the cerebral surface features and the language acquisition mechanism of the second language since the 1980 s; therefore, SLA has grown rapidly as an independent subject.In the SLA field the researchers have offered various theoretic models to explain the process of second language acquisition. The most influential theory, also the best explained one, is the Monitor Model put forth by American linguist S.D. Krashen, who built this model on his five famous hypotheses, namely, input hypothesis, acquisition and learning hypothesis, monitor hypothesis, natural order hypothesis and affective filter hypothesis. These five hypotheses make unique and distinctive explanations of the process of second language acquisition. Input hypothesis, as the core of the Monitor Model, clearly tells us how language is acquired. As long as people understand the meaning of the words, they may acquire the language. This is the only way to learn language. Speaking and writing are of no help to language acquisition; only listening is.Krashensaid as long as learners come across words which contain“comprehensible input”, language acquisition happens. Progress in language learning is achieved when the“comprehensible input”is slightly higher than the learners present ability in understanding the language.Acquisition-learning hypothesis points out that“acquisition”and “learning”represent two distinct ways of language learning. In “acquisition” , an unconscious process of learning, such as children’s acquisition of their mother tongue, the meaning of words is usually understood in the course of communication and the use1山西师范大学学位论文of language is learned in an unconscious way,whereas“learning”is conscious and always acquires linguistic knowledge by means of learning the rules and forms of a language.If one acquires a language,they may not know the rules. However, if one learns a language,they must have a good command of rules.Langugae is at the center of human life. It is core of the most important ways of expressing ourselves. With the development of the society, it is not enough noly to be able to speak one’s own native language. In a world there are various languages. If you’d like to take part in the life of the whole world you need t know more languages. So language learning and teachig are vital to the everyday lives of millions.Being an english teacher, I do understand student’s trouble in learning a foreign language. Fifty-minute class sometimes seems to be an ordeal. The problem is that we do know “teaching” but do not know “learning”. That is an sqy we lack a theoy of language learining. So in the paper there are some concepts introduced such as learning and acquisition, foeign languae and second language and models of second language learning. I try to find out an appropriate way of teaching in my oral class. The aim of my class is to wake the entusiasm of the students’ study. So I try to do create a natural and relaxed calss atmosphere to make students learn foreign language through acquirig them.Only the linguistic knowledge through“acquisition”is helpful to the use of the language. The linguistic knowledge through learning, which is no help to the use of the language, can but monitor whether the words spoken are correct or not. As a result, the monitoring function of“learning”gives rise to the Monitor Hypothesis. The learners always gain language acquisition through“Comprehensible Input”which is higher than their present linguistic comprehension, so their process of acquisition must follow a certain predictable order to master the linguistic rules, thus producing“Natural Order Hypothesis”. The differences in the effect of language learning depends on learners and results from the psychological factors. The learners differences in motivation, attitude, confidence, etc., exert impact on the intake of“Comprehensible Input”and cause the differences in language acquisition.This is called the“Affective Filter Hypothesis”.2The Enlightenment of SLA Theory to Language TeachingAs we know, we master a language chiefly through two approaches: one is acquisition and the other is learning. We acquire as we are exposed to natural second language input that is comprehensible. It goes much the same way as a child acquires his first language—with no conscious attention to the language form. On the other hand, we learn in a conscious process of study and attention to form and rule learning. Krashen s Monitor Hypotheses holds the view that only acquired language is ready for natural and fluent communication. Native speakers rarely learn any rules but speak fluently while learnerswho focus on learning rules often fail to apply them in real nguage learning is suitable for linguistic monitor by way of using linguistic rules. Some people always check up the language they use with grammar so as to guarantee the correctness. This is called monitoring through learning. With continuing language progress, the use of the monitoring function becomes less and less frequent.Through the learning of a language,we find that a natural language environment is better than conscious learning and language acquisition is much more important than language learning.This is clearly seen in children s mother tongue acquisition.Conscious learning, while enabling learners to understand the structure and grammar of the language, may also inhibit language acquisition. This can be judged from examples of many adults failure to learn English. Krashen s theory gives us thehint that English should be acquired like children acquire their mother tongue. Then how can children succeed in using language? Although they are controlled to some extent in their language exposure, they are never consciously taught and they never learn consciously, either. But one thing we know is that they communicate a lot with adults (usually parents) in authentic, situational language. Their ability in using language comes from countless subconscious communications like this. Therefore, lots of language teaching experts attempt to teach English with the method with which children acquire mother tongue. In recent years, a lot of applied linguists with Ellis as the representative figure have paid more attention to language teaching. Expounding systematically the relationship between SLA studies and language teaching, they have proposed the input hypothesis, output hypothesis, intake hypothesis and internal3Interaction between Language Acquisition and Classroom Instructionsyllabus which are regarded as the theoretic bases that can revolutionize college English teaching.2. Interaction between Language Acquisition and Classroom InstructionTeaching practice without the guidance of theory is mostly blind and superficial. Learning, as a deep and reasonable scientific behavior, cannot do without the correct guidance of theory. Learning and teaching are closely interwoven, so are language acquisition and language teaching. Ellis calls it “an educational approach”to link language acquisition research closely with language teaching, it is clear that, such as the “interaction”between“language input”and SLA, the discrepancy between“naturalistic acquisition”and instructed learning, and so on.2.1 The Role of Classroom Instruction in Language Learning in SLAFirst of all, the classroom teaching conducted by teachers is closely linked with the two forms of SLA: the“natural acquisition”and“classroom learning”, which are interwoven and both exercise great influences on SLA. Although we cannot draw a clear distinction between“acquired language”and“instructed language”,we can easily understand the connotations of“language acquisition of classroom teac hing”and“language acquisition of non-classroom teaching”because the former is directly connected with classroom teaching. Ellis(1994) holds the view that the language acquisition through the second language teaching, whether by way of formal teaching or created conditions, will result in the increase of natural acquisition in classroom in an indirect way. Obviously, the influence of classroom teaching on language acquisition is positive. Secondly, as early as in 1984, the linguists represented by Long had conducted experiments on the influence of classroom teaching on the efficiency of language learning, the results of which support the viewpoint that classroom teaching benefits language acquisition.4山西师范大学学位论文2.2 The Theoretic Guidance of SLA Theory for Classroom TeachingAccording to my many years teaching practice, some theoretic models proposed in the SLA research field are really conducive to the improvement of classroom teaching quality, such as input hypothesis, output hypothesis and so on. Krashen (1982) proposes input hypothesis to explain the process of the birth of“acquisition”when learners receive language information input which are slightly deeper yet understandable. He takes the mentality that adults learning a second language will go through the same process of creative construction of language as children do acquiring their mother tongue. According to this hypothesis, the teacher should place students in the learning environment with the input and feedback of understandable information so as to let them“acquire”language. Furthermore, the teacher may apply this theory to the compilation of text-books and create diversified authentic language materials or establish a lively and realistic learning environment to augment comprehensible input so that learners may achieve better “acquisition”results.“Output”is a term relevant to input. The output theory proposed by Swain(1985)suggests that learners should use their acquired linguistic resources to practice producing the“comprehensible output” which is the output of their mind and to make“interactions”with“comprehensible output”.As we know, classroom interaction helps learners bridge the “input” and “output”.The language environment and learners internal mechanism, through classroom interaction, make learners acquire language in the course of “input”and“output”.Obviously, the information producer and information receiver together with the language environment are the key factors in both the classroom interaction and the improvement of classroom teaching quality. In other words, teachers produce information in which students are interested (information that leads to interaction) in classroom teaching and students collect, receive and reprocess the information so as to effectively acquire linguistic skills,5Interaction between Language Acquisition and Classroom Instructiongoing through the process of teacher—output of information—feed- back of information; students—receiving information—processing information—producing comprehensible output—acquiring language or skill. Teachers can use this theory to design their classes, adopt teaching activities with communication and task-based learning as the target and enable learners to practice producing“comprehensible output”to the maximum, thus making language acquisition happen.Ellis(1994)proposes the intake hypothesis that learners can momentarily “intake”in their brain a part of the input information, which will eventually be absorbed and become part of the information in the long-term memory. Teachers can improve their teaching if they know what information students are sensitive to and can easily“absorb”and how learners process and quicken the input they have received. In classroom teaching, teachers may select teaching materials, design class activities, and offer different teaching methods to learners according to this theory.SLA researchers hold that learners cannot expect the results overnight for language learning, which has different phases in its development, namely, the“internal syllabus”within learners. The“internal syllabus”theory holds that the phases in learning still receive the brain s phasic restraints on language acquisition in addition to learners own efforts. For example, when learners are learning the English present tense, they might progressively make the following sentences with the verb“read”:“Read the book”—I read the book.—She read the book.—She reads the book;Xiao Li read the book.—Xiao Li reads the book. ... This process, which shows learners internal acquisition schedule, is internal, natural and inevitable. Learners gain language acquisition through the“natural”development of“inter-language”and their own efforts. They may speed up the process, but cannot leap over it. Consequently, teachers should allow students to commit errors, finish their“internal acquisition schedule”and explain and correct these erro rs patiently. Mitchell&Myles observe, teachers found con-structions which were different in the two languages were not necessarily difficult, while constructions which were smiilar in them were notnecessarily easy, either. Further more, sometmies difficulty occurred in one direction but not in the other. Let me take Wh questions for example.In English we6Application of SLA in College English Teachingsay:What did you do yesterday? the corresponding Chinese order should be: you yesterday did what? In Englishwe put Wh at the beginningwhile in Chinese we just place itwhere it should be. In this sentence we should put Wh at the end. Contrastive Analysis would therefore predict that the placementofwhat would be difficult for both English learners of Chinese and Chinese learners ofEnglish. In fact, it isn t so. This kind of error never occurs on Chinese learners and at least they never put Wh wrongly. From the examplewe can see considering the great difference between Chinese and English syntaxes, there should have been more errors based on CA, but therewere not. Another example is I did nothing last nightbut to preparemy lessons. In this sentence, I wanted the students to tellme thewronguse of to , that is, we should omit it. However, they thought itwas rightand began to questionwhether itshould be prepare orprepare for Students had difficulty in whether a preposition should be used, but they did not commit an error in actual use. On the otherhand, theywere sure ofthe use to but in fact it was an error.3.Application of SLA in College English TeachingCollege English is a compulsory course for non-English major students at college or university set up by the Section of Higher Education of China s Ministry of Education. One of the important means to check college English teaching are the College English Tests band 4-6 (CET 4-6) conducted by the Ministry of Education since 1987. Yunnan, an undeveloped province in education, has adopted extra examinations of“YNTEC”and“YNCET-3”besides CET 4-6. For many years running because of insufficient educational funds, the shortage of qualified teachers, backward equipment and obsolete teaching methodology, the college English teaching in Yunnan province is faced with a lot of difficulties, seriously influencing the teaching quality. It is extremely urgent for teachers to apply the fruits of SLA research to the improvement of college English teaching.It s a well-known fact that the key to the improvement of teaching quality is to scientifically work out a teaching plan and select text-books, make definite the teachers function, responsibility and teaching attitude and select an appropriate7山西师范大学学位论文teaching methodology. The important role of SLA research is to help teachers determine these teaching decisions correctly. There exists a direct relationship between the property of language input, the learners learning process and the understanding of language acquisition patterns in the classroom and the guiding of the teaching plan because teachers understanding of language-teaching theory plays a significant and substantive role in the whole teaching process, concerning both important decisions such as syllabus design, text-book selection, and courses offered, and micro-techniques such as concrete classroom activities and homework. For example, the differences in choosing a teacher-centered or a learner-centered teaching mode will lead to differences in the choice of teaching plan, syllabus, text-book, teaching methodology and bring about different results and effects. Therefore, teachers who possess the knowledge of SLA theory will know how to avoid the wrong orientation in language teaching and how to lay down the teaching plan in accordance with the natural ways of language acquisition in teaching goals.The same case is found in the selection of text-book. According to SLA research, the content of courses should select authentic materials such as real communication recordings, TV clips, news broadcasts, signboards, pictures and schedules, instead of unfamiliar or politically-oriented language materials. If we review the teaching in the past, we will find out the reason why a college graduate or post-graduate student who has learned English for 15 or 16 years still fails to carry out daily English conversation or cope with the daily life using English. Besides providing teachers with the scientific guidance in their determination of role, responsibility and teaching attitude, SLA studies also help enable teachers to realize that they are not purely the source and tutor of professional knowledge and that they are not only the students controllers and learning evaluator but also the coach to students learning and the consultant, participant, cooperator and psychological supporter of the classroom activities. Teachers should accelerate learners learning process by encouraging them to adopt necessary learning strategies. SLA regards learning as a constructive building process and considers mistakes as an inevitable and positive part of the process. Therefore,teachers should have new awareness of8Effective Classroom Teaching Methodsstudents mistakes during their learning process, take new counter-measures and guidance and abandon some of the traditional inappropriate ways.Modern linguists take the view that teachers chief responsibility is to lay down plans, manage the interaction, monitor learning, explain the difficulties and offer timely feedback in learning. Therefore, teaching, I think, concerns the bilateral activities of both teachers teaching and students learning. As long as teachers know the function and responsibility in guiding learners learning, the learners will understand and participate in the design of courses and the selection of learning methods, take an active part in the design of language learning activities and shoulder the responsibility for their learning, thus effectively improving the teaching quality.Nowadays, it is very gratifying that through many linguists continuous research and practice and under the guidance of SLA theory, lots of scientific and effective teaching methods have been tried and found out, forming schools of teaching methodology. The representative teaching approaches now applied to classroom teaching include Direct Method, Audio-Lingual Method, Situational Methodand Communicative Approach.4.Effective Classroom Teaching MethodsThe Direct Method, an approach to design the English teaching process based on the psychological rocess of infants acquisition of their mother tongue, adopts visual aids and the teaching modes and methods which approximate real life and promotes teaching in a lively way. Like parents teaching their children to speak, the Direct Method requires teachers of English to directly teach English with material objects, pictures, gestures, facial expressions, actions, etc, and has achieved very good teaching results because of its rich language teaching environment.The Audio-Lingual Method, based on behaviorist theory, regards the process of language acquisition as a series of stimulus—reaction—copy—intensification. Viewing listening and speaking as the priority, the Audio-Lingual Method, can be seen as one part of the language acquisition process,and can effectively better reading and writing on the basis of listening and speaking. The Audio-Lingual Method9山西师范大学学位论文stresses the importance of students learning authentic phonetics and intonation, therefore requiring teaching material to exclusively use recordings of native speakers and classrooms to adopt a complete English environment by avoiding the use of the native tongue, so that learners will be able to use the correct language. It is obviously seen that the Audio-Lingual Method pays special attention to both the “quality” of the language input and the establishment of language environment.The Situational Method, also called the Audio-Visual Method, is a teaching approach developed on the basis of the Audio-Lingual Method. The Situational Method, besides stressing listening and speaking, also emphasizes“looking”, namely, the utilization of slide projector, projector, or teaching films during the teaching so as to provide students with pure and correct pronunciation and lively pictures as well. The students may look and speak while listening and they can also connect what they see with what they hear, so they are placed in an authentic language environment. It goes without saying that the teaching with the Situational Method tallies with the law of language acquisition, pays special attention to the“quality”of the language input, stresses the situational function of teaching and emphasizes the importance of language situation in language learning. The Direct Method and the Audio-Lingual Method both emphasize importance of natural acquisition of language and advocate teaching with the help of material objects. All the material objects are simple and concrete when applied in classroom teaching; therefore, the Situational Method, which pays more attention to the establishment of the real language environment, is very conducive to the promotion of learning and teaching, hence the better results.In the 1950 s the linguist Chomsky proposed the concept of linguistic competence. He held the view that once a person acquires language competence, he or she is then able to make innumerable sentences. Aiming at this theory, D. H. Hymes, an American social linguist, proposed the concept of“communicative competence”in the 1970 s. The Communicative Approach attaches importance to the cultivation of communicative competence, lays stress on students contact and use of rich authentic and natural language to form the ability to communicate in English and requires the arrangement of the authentic materials in a logical and reasonable situation in10Conclusionaccordance with social communication. The Communicative Approach stresses colloquial language practice and emphasizes the use of real and natural language, which resemble the process of natural language acquisition because spoken language holds the number one place and the process of communication always accompanies an authentic and natural situation.Obviously, the above-mentioned teaching methods value the imitation of the process of natural language acquisition and the creation of natural language environment in the course of teaching. If they can be authentically used in classroom instruction, then teaching quality can be greatly improved. What is worth noting is that the superiority of multi-media teaching technology has gradually emerged with the rapid development of computer technology. Auxiliary means of classroom teaching are not limited to slide shows, teaching films, videos and so on. Multi-media technology, convenient to operate, can access information at random, simulate and invent things, make up the deficiency of the Direct Method, the Audio-Lingual Method, the Situational Methodand the Communicative Approach in the creation of the language environment and offer richer images, A V, videos and words. Due to its combination of audio with vision and enhancement of the memory, Multi-media technology, which can achieve better teaching results, has become a comparatively ideal and effective teaching aid.5. ConclusionFrom the above mentioned, we can conclude that language teachers should strive to learn and master LA theory, ponder deeply over the relationship between SLA theory and language teaching, combine their own teaching practice, receive the scientific guidance of SLA theory, understand the orientation of language teaching in a correct way, make educational and teaching decisions, instill the new SLA theory into the teaching plan, the syllabus design, the selection of text-books and the choice of teaching methods, abandon the traditional old concept and practice which go against the law of language acquisition, re-determine the role, the position and the function of teachers in language teaching, establish teachers new image, responsibility,11山西师范大学学位论文and teaching attitude and choose the suitable teaching methods with multi-media teaching technology so as to greatly lift the efficiency of classroom language teaching and promote the steady growth of the college English teaching quality.12BibliographyBibliography[1]Brown, H. D. (2002).Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. ForeignLanguage Teaching and Research Press.[2]Cohen, A. D. (2000).Strategies in Learning and Using a Second Language.Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.[3]Cook, V. (2000).Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition. Foreign LanguageTeaching and Research Press, Macmillan Publishers Ltd.[4]Dubin, F. & E. Olshtain. (2002).Courses Design. Shanghai Foreign LanguageEducation Publishing House.[5]Gardner, D. & L. Miller.(2002).Establishing Self Access from Theory to Practice.Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.[6]Li, Jianfu. (2003). Interaction of background knowledge & common knowledge inforeign languages acquisition.Foreign Languages&Their Teaching,2.[7]Xiang, Maoying. (2003). Influences of affective factors on college Englishteaching.Foreign Languages&Their Teaching, 3.[8]Zhou, Ping & Zhang, Jisheng. (2003). On the interaction of SLA research &foreign languages teaching.Foreign Languages&Their Teaching, 2.13。
二语习得理论对英语实际教学的影响及启示DO
![二语习得理论对英语实际教学的影响及启示DO](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/eaa46a67c77da26924c5b03e.png)
二语习得理论对英语实际教学的影响及启示DO第二语言习得,是指“在自然的或有指导的情况下通过有意识学习或无意识吸收掌握母语以外的一门语言的过程”。
只是作为第二语言是开始于幼儿期,包括按时间的第三次或以后的任何语言的学习。
二语习得研究是为了系统地探讨二语习得的本质和习得的过程,其主要目标是:描述学习者如何获得第二语言以及解释为什么学习者能够获得第二语言。
第二语言习得的领域涉及语言学、心理学、心理语言学、语用学,社会语言学等众多方面。
二语习得是应用语言学的分支学科,但同时它也接收来自各种其他学科,如心理学和教育研究的重视。
二语习得研究至今,已经有许许多多的理论被提出,其中包括如美国语言学家罗伯特拉多博士提出行为主义心理学为基础的对比分析假说;英国语言学家科德提出的基于对学生学习第二语言过程中所犯的偏误其规律、类型和产生原因所进行的分析产生的偏误分析假说;心理学家列尼博格提出的语言学习关键期假说;再如较晚开始学习第二语言的学习者由于发音器官已经形成,缺乏弹性,因此在发音上会有一些限制,而产生所谓的腔调问题的“基辛格效应”等等(陈,2014)。
诸如此类的理论,其不仅仅对本学科的发展做出了巨大的贡献,同时也影响着其他的学科,如教育学。
在现如今的中国,英语的学习已经成为学生们的必修语言,那么英语作为我们的第二语言,研究如何能够更加有效的,有针对的学习英语,就变得很有必要。
那么这些针对二语习得的理论,就十分具有深入研究的价值。
那么在这之中,本文将选取美国语言教育家斯蒂芬・克拉申的假说理论来进一步探讨二语习得理论对于英语实际教学的影响及启示。
2. 二语习得理论的对英语教学的具体影响2.1 习得――学得假说斯蒂芬・克拉申提出习得――学得假说主要是说明成年人发展外语能力的两条相互独立的途径。
该假说涉及习得和学得两种过程。
一种是在日常交际中通过第一语言的媒介而逐步地、有意识地掌握第二语言,也就是通过与说本族语者的直接交往而学习第二语言。
第二语言习得理论在英语教学中的应用
![第二语言习得理论在英语教学中的应用](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/06c3ce18580102020740be1e650e52ea5518ce6a.png)
第二语言习得理论在英语教学中的应用随着全球化和国际化的发展,英语作为全世界使用最广泛的语言之一,在中国的教育、经济、文化等各个领域都扮演着重要的角色。
因此,英语学习已成为现代化教育的重要内容之一。
然而,对于普通学生来说,学好英语并非易事。
在这个过程中,第二语言习得理论成为了英语教学师生们的重要研究对象。
第二语言习得理论,其目的是帮助人们更好地学习和掌握第二语言(L2)。
而对于英语教学而言,第二语言习得理论更是可以为英语教育者提供更好的指导方法和灵感。
基于这种理念,本文旨在探讨第二语言习得理论在英语教学中的应用。
第一部分:第二语言习得理论第二语言习得理论是指人们在学习第二语言时的内在心理过程。
研究发现,人们习得第二语言存在着与习得母语不同的心理机制和规律。
具体来说,第二语言习得理论主要包括以下几个方面:1、语言输入语言输入是指人们学习语言的过程中所接受到的信息。
语言输入对于第二语言习得的作用是至关重要的。
语言输入质量的高低会对第二语言习得产生积极或消极的影响。
与母语习得不同,第二语言习得需要有大量的相关语言输入。
同时,这种语言输入需要针对语言学习者的语言水平和语言需求等问题进行定制和设计。
2、暴露度和密度暴露度和密度是指第二语言习得者与第二语言接触的频率和持续时间。
如果学习者的暴露度和密度越高,那么其第二语言习得的速度和效果也就越高。
3、语言输出语言输出是指说话和写作等语言表达方式。
语言输出对于第二语言习得也有很大的作用。
通过自由的语言输出,第二语言习得者可以更好地巩固学习的知识和技能,并且可以更好地理解和应用学习过程中的错误。
4、语言规则和语言结构的学习语言规则和语言结构的学习是指学习者在习得第二语言的时候所需要掌握的基本语言规则和语言结构,包括句子结构、语法、单词运用等等。
这是学习者在语言习得过程中必须重点学习的内容。
第二部分:第二语言习得理论在英语教学中的应用1、提供优质的教育资源提供优质的教育资源是英语教学的重要组成部分。
二语习得理论对英语实际教学的影响及启示
![二语习得理论对英语实际教学的影响及启示](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/fb3944ba760bf78a6529647d27284b73f242360f.png)
二语习得理论对英语实际教学的影响及启示首先,二语习得理论强调了输入的重要性。
输入是指学生接触并理解语言的过程。
理论认为,学生通过接触大量的有意义的输入,才能在无意识的情况下学习语言。
这对教师意味着,他们应该提供大量适合学生水平的输入,例如真实的片段以及与学生生活相关的话题材料,同时还应提供多种形式的输入,如听说读写。
这样有助于学生积极参与学习,并提高他们的语言能力。
其次,二语习得理论强调了输出的重要性。
输出是指学生使用第二语言进行交流的过程。
理论认为,通过输出,学生可以将他们掌握的语言知识应用到实际交流中,从而提高他们的语言能力。
教师可以通过活动和任务的形式,鼓励学生积极参与输出的练习。
例如,通过角色扮演、讨论话题、写作等方式,学生能够更好地将所学的语言知识运用到实际情境中。
再次,二语习得理论强调了语言的认知过程。
理论认为,语言学习是一个有意识的过程,学生需要通过观察和分析来掌握语言规则和结构。
教师可以通过语法介绍、语言对比等方式,帮助学生提高语言的认知能力。
同时,学生应该鼓励进行元认知的思考,即关于学习过程的思考。
例如,学生可以反思自己的学习策略,思考哪些策略是有效的,哪些策略是能够提高自己学习效果的。
最后,二语习得理论强调了情感的重要性。
理论认为,情感因素对语言学习的成功起着重要作用。
教师应该创造积极的学习氛围,鼓励学生参与到学习中,并提供支持和鼓励。
例如,教师可以使用个别化的教学方式,关注每个学生的学习需求,并提供个性化的帮助和指导。
综上所述,二语习得理论对英语实际教学产生了重要影响。
它提醒教师应该提供适当的输入和输出机会,鼓励学生进行语言认知和元认知的思考,并创造积极的学习氛围。
教师可以根据这些理论,优化教学方法,提高教学质量,促进学生的英语习得过程。
第二语言习得理论对大学英语教学的启示
![第二语言习得理论对大学英语教学的启示](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/0faea2d2dbef5ef7ba0d4a7302768e9951e76ece.png)
第二语言习得理论对大学英语教学的启示第二语言习得理论对大学英语教学的启示引言:随着全球化进程的加速,英语作为国际交流的工具和跨文化沟通的桥梁,逐渐成为全球范围内的共同语言。
在中国,大学英语教育的目标是培养学生的语言应用能力和跨文化交际能力。
然而,由于英语学习环境和学生的语言背景的差异,学生在英语学习中普遍遇到诸多问题。
为了改进大学英语教学方法,我们可以借鉴第二语言习得理论,以提供更科学、有效的教学指导。
一、理解第二语言习得理论1. 良好的输入与输出:根据斯蒂芬·克拉什(Stephen Krashen)的第二语言习得理论,学生应该接受到一定程度的体验和语言输入,才能在输出语言表达时运用自如。
在大学英语教学中,教师应该创造多样化的学习环境,通过提供丰富的输入材料,如英语原版教材、英语电影等,激发学生的学习兴趣,提高他们的听、说、读、写能力。
2. 语言输入的“略过”现象:乔·德库特(Johanne Antoniou De Cock)提出了语言输入的“略过”现象,即学习者在接受输入时并不需要完全理解其每一个词汇和句子的意义,只需通过上下文的暗示去推测和猜测,最终理解整个语言片段的含义。
在大学英语教学中,教师可以通过创设真实的语境,使用图片、视频等辅助工具,引导学生通过上下文推测单词和句子的意义,从而提高他们的阅读和听力能力。
3. 语言习得的顺应性:斯蒂芬·格罗夫斯(Stephen D. Krashen)的第二语言习得理论指出,学习者在获取第二语言的过程中应该保持一种放松、愉悦的学习状态,而不是过多地注重语法和单词的记忆。
在大学英语教学中,教师应该通过审慎选择教材、开展有趣的语言活动等方式,让学生在轻松、自然的学习氛围中习得英语。
二、借鉴第二语言习得理论的教学策略1. 创造真实语境:学习者需要身临其境地使用英语进行交流,培养跨文化交际能力。
教师可以设计各种真实生活情境,如模拟旅行、商务会谈等,让学生在真实的情景中运用所学的英语知识。
第二语言习得理论对英语教师的启示
![第二语言习得理论对英语教师的启示](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/27e8f630a66e58fafab069dc5022aaea998f416f.png)
第二语言习得理论对英语教师的启示
第二语言习得理论是指学习者在非母语环境下,通过对语言输入进行理解和加工,逐
渐形成母语以外的语言能力的过程。
在英语教学中,第二语言习得理论对英语教师具有重
要的启示。
首先,第二语言习得理论强调输入的重要性。
英语教师需要提供足够的语言输入,让
学生在语言环境中逐渐形成对英语的理解和运用能力。
输入的质量也很重要,需要尽可能
地提供真实和自然的语言输入,让学生能够接触到丰富的文化和语言背景。
其次,第二语言习得理论认为学习者需要与母语人士进行有效的交流才能获得更好的
语言输入。
教师需要创造条件让学生有机会与母语人士进行互动交流,让学生能够在真实
的交流环境中习得语言。
此外,教师也需要教授学生有效的交际技巧,让学生能够在与母
语人士的交往中更有效地获取语言输入。
第三,第二语言习得理论也认为语言学习是一个个体化的过程,教师需要尊重学生的
个性差异,根据学生的不同需求和能力制定教学计划。
教师还需要关注学生的语言学习历程,通过观察和评估学生的语言表现,及时调整教学策略和方法,以满足学生的学习需求。
最后,第二语言习得理论也强调学习策略的重要性。
学习策略是指学生在学习中自主
选择和使用的方法和技巧,包括记忆、理解、输出、检索等。
英语教师需要教授学生有效
的学习策略,帮助学生提高语言学习效率和能力,养成良好的学习习惯和自主学习能力。
综上所述,第二语言习得理论对英语教师具有重要的启示,强调输入、交流、个性化
和学习策略的重要性,教师需要在教学中贯彻这些理念,为学生提供更好的英语学习环境
和支持。
第二语言习得理论在英语教学中的应用
![第二语言习得理论在英语教学中的应用](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/40359779abea998fcc22bcd126fff705cd175c15.png)
第二语言习得理论在英语教学中的应用在当今全球化的时代,英语作为一门国际通用语言,其重要性日益凸显。
对于英语学习者来说,如何有效地掌握这门语言是一个关键问题。
而第二语言习得理论为英语教学提供了重要的指导和启示。
第二语言习得理论是一个复杂而多元化的领域,涵盖了众多的学者和观点。
其中,克拉申的“输入假说”和“情感过滤假说”具有广泛的影响力。
克拉申认为,学习者需要接触大量的可理解输入,即略高于其现有语言水平的语言材料,才能实现语言习得。
同时,情感因素如学习动机、自信心和焦虑程度等,会对语言输入的吸收产生过滤作用。
如果学习者的情感状态不佳,即使有足够的输入,也难以有效地习得语言。
在英语教学中,应用“输入假说”意味着教师要为学生提供丰富、真实且有趣的英语语言材料。
例如,通过播放英语电影、歌曲、展示英语原版书籍和杂志等方式,让学生接触到多样化的语言表达和语境。
同时,教师在课堂上的讲解和互动也应使用自然流畅的英语,为学生营造一个沉浸式的语言环境。
为了确保输入的可理解性,教师可以运用肢体语言、图片、实例等手段帮助学生理解新的语言知识。
“情感过滤假说”则提醒教师要关注学生的情感状态,努力营造一个轻松、支持和鼓励的学习氛围。
对于那些学习积极性高、自信心强的学生,教师要给予充分的肯定和挑战,推动他们不断进步;而对于那些容易焦虑、缺乏自信的学生,教师则需要更多的耐心和鼓励,帮助他们克服心理障碍。
比如,在课堂上可以设计一些小组活动,让学生在合作中互相支持和鼓励,减轻个体的压力。
同时,教师对于学生的错误应采取宽容和引导的态度,避免过度批评导致学生产生恐惧和抵触情绪。
除了克拉申的理论,互动理论也为英语教学提供了有价值的视角。
互动理论强调语言习得是在学习者与他人的交流互动中发生的。
通过与他人的交流,学习者能够获得语言输入,并根据对方的反馈调整自己的语言输出,从而不断提高语言能力。
在教学实践中,教师可以组织各种形式的课堂互动活动,如对话练习、角色扮演、小组讨论等。
Krashen二语习得理论对我国高中英语教学的启示
![Krashen二语习得理论对我国高中英语教学的启示](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/0e79e68a534de518964bcf84b9d528ea80c72f5d.png)
Krashen二语习得理论对我国高中英语教学的启示摘要:Krashen二语习得理论对我国高中英语教学具有指导作用。
当前,高中英语教学存在着传统教学与交流导向不匹配、教师素质与新课程需求不契合、中文授课与英语交流矛盾等问题。
基于Krashen二语习得理论,我们建议英语教育应注重学生语言应用能力,教师要提升教学技能和培养学生兴趣和信心,同时采用双语或全英授课模式以提高英语输入质量和创造英语语言环境。
关键词:Krashen二语习得理论;高中英语;英语教学;启示1.引言Stephen D. Krashen是语言学领域专门研究语言习得和发展的理论的专家。
Krashen于20世纪80年代提出的第二语言习得理论是目前二语习得研究中影响最为广泛的理论,为很多国家的第二语言教学研究和实践活动提供了重要的理论指导(罗禹涛, 2021)。
该理论主要由五项基本假说构成,各假说相互联系、彼此补充,构成一个有机整体。
目前,国内基于Krashen二语习得理论开展的有关大学公共英语教学、高职高专英语教学的研究已较为丰富,而关于普通高中英语教学的研究较少。
本文在分析Krashen的二语习得理论并审视我国普通高中英语教学现状的基础上,得出Krashen二语习得理论对我国高中英语教学的启示。
2. Krashen二语习得理论概述Krashen二语习得理论主要由五项基本假说构成:习得—学得假说、自然顺序假说、监控假说、输入假说和情感过滤假说(Krashen, 1982)。
2.1习得—学得的区别(the acquisition-learning distinction)习得—学得的区别是Krashen二语习得理论中最基本的假设,也是广受语言学家和语言工作者认可的观点。
Krashen认为,成年人在发展第二语言能力方面存在两个独立且不同的过程,分别是“习得”过程和“学得”(Krashen, 1981)。
与儿童习得母语的方式相似,语言习得过程是一个潜意识的、自然而然的过程,主要指以获取信息或交流信息为目的的语言学习过程。
二语习得论文
![二语习得论文](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/0854a4d57f1922791688e859.png)
第二语言习得对中国英语教学的影响陈晓晶【摘要】:本文回顾了第二语言习得理论进入中国的历史过程,并着重阐述了它对中国英语教学的影响:1.二语理论使研究英语教学的角度发生了转换。
2.二语理论促进了研究英语教学方法的改进。
3.二语理论使英语教学界对英语教学的目的有了更清楚的认识。
4、二语理论促使中国英语教学真正落实了“以学习者为中心”的思想。
5.二语理论改变了英语教师对学生语言错误的看法。
【关键词】:第二语言习得理论外语教学1960年代开始,有人研究人们获得语言能力的机制,尤其是获得外语能力的机制,综合了语言学、神经语言学、语言教育学、社会学多种学科,慢慢发展出一门新的学科,叫“二语习得”,Second Language Acquisition。
语言是人类区别于其他动物的重要标志之一。
人借助于语言进行交际,交流思想,达到互相了解,组成人类社会生活;人还借助于语言,进行思维活动,揭露事物的本质和规律,创造人类的物质文明和精神文明,然而语言的作用还远不止如此。
如果我们探讨外语学习心理的主要目的是教好一门语言,是帮助学习者学会用这门外语进行交际,那么,我们应该懂得什么是语言。
第二语言习得理论作为一门独立的学科形成于60年代末,70年代初。
然而,人们对第二语言习得产生兴趣和开展研究的历史却要早得多。
50年代初,Weinreich就在它的著作《语言的联系》中讨论了母语和第二语言两种语言体系的关系,并提出了一个重要的概念“干扰”。
这种干扰可以发生在语音、语法、语义三个层面上。
1957年,美国语言学家Robert Lado发表了具有很大影响的著作《跨文化语言学》。
从某种意义上来说,Lado的著作是对Weinreich理论的补充。
Lado的结论是:“对第二语言学习者来说,学习中最为困难的地方就是第二语言与第一语言差别最大的地方。
因此,外语教学的重点应该集中在两种语言的差别上。
”将语言习得中的某些因素借鉴于外语学习,从而提高外语教学的效果,这是一个令人感兴趣的问题。
第二语言语用习得研究对外语教学的启示
![第二语言语用习得研究对外语教学的启示](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/846aea43571252d380eb6294dd88d0d233d43cfd.png)
第二语言语用习得研究对外语教学的启示近十几年来,随着全球化的推进,有越来越多的人开始学习和使用第二语言,研究第二语言习得的研究也变得越来越重要。
第二语言习得研究通过研究学习者如何习得语言,以及学习者如何在不同场合以准确、流利的方式使用语言,为外语教学提供了很多启示,也改变了现代外语教学的概念和方法。
首先,第二语言习得研究表明,学习外语不是一蹴而就的,而是一个长期的过程,这意味着外语教学需要考虑如何让学生克服障碍,从而获得长期的成功。
第二,第二语言习得研究表明,学习新的语言需要学习者有意识的学习,而不是无意识的学习。
这表明,在外语教学中,要强调学习者对语言的理解,如:知道什么是诽谤语、反义词、并列句等,以及学习者如何使用它们。
此外,第二语言习得研究表明,学习者可以从听、说、读和写中获益,从而学习更多的语言特征,有助于更好地使用外语。
因此,外语教学应该鼓励学习者积极参与听、说、读和写活动,鼓励学习者在不同场合使用语言,使他们理解和使用语言的语言特征,实现更好的外语教学。
再,第二语言习得研究还表明,学习者的个人特征也会影响他们的语言学习。
比如,一些学习者可能更喜欢使用书面语言,而另一些学习者可能更喜欢口头语言。
因此,外语教学应该根据学习者的不同特征,提供多样化的教学活动,以满足不同学习者的需求。
同时,也需要给学习者更多的机会去参与交流活动,让他们更好地掌握语言。
最后,第二语言习得研究也表明,学习者的背景知识可能会影响他们的语言学习。
比如,某些学习者可能有较强的文化背景,这可以使他们更容易理解外语,而另一些学习者可能没有这样的背景,这就需要教师更加细心地教授这些学生。
因此,外语教学应当重视文化因素,关注学习者的文化背景,并采取有效的策略来帮助学习者更好地学习外语,以便他们在不同场合正确使用外语。
综上所述,第二语言习得研究表明,学习外语不仅局限于语法和词汇,还需要考虑学习者的个性和文化背景,并采取有效的教学策略来帮助他们更好地学习外语。
二语习得理论对大学英语教学的影响5页
![二语习得理论对大学英语教学的影响5页](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9eedcd6a376baf1ffc4fad76.png)
二语习得理论对大学英语教学的影响语言是人类文明的重要构成要素。
相对来说,语言分为母语和非母语两种形式,人类语言是通过自然母语的习得以及其他语言的学习获取的。
二语习得通常是指人类个体在母语习得之后对其他任何非母语语言的学习。
语言习得理论主要研究人们学习第二语言的过程和结果。
外语教学中,借助于二语习得理论来指导和优化教学过程,对提高教学质量意义深远。
本文以美国语言学家克拉申的二语习得理论为视点,针对二语习得理论对大学英语教学的影响进行了阐述和分析。
一、第二语言习得理论概述现代语言学认为,语言是对人们相互进行思维、情感或意念交流的声音行为的概括,它是人们用来传递人类文明成果的重要交际工具。
二语习得是在自然掌握了一定母语系统的情况下,在第二语言的特定社会环境中进行学习第二语言的过程。
二语习得是一个复杂的过程,受学习内容、教学方法、学习者的个性差异以及自身素质等诸多因素影响和制约。
二语习得理论,是在研究第二语言习得过程及其语言规律的基础上提出来的,其目的是客观的描述解释关于学习者的第二语言特征、语言能力和交际能力的发展变化规律,并分析影响二语习得的各种因素。
美国语言学家克拉申提出的第二语言习得理论,引起了语言学界普遍关注。
概括地说,二语习得研究是通过语言学、心理学、教育学、社会学等相关学科的研究,描述学习者获得第二语言的本质和过程。
其有关外语教学的理论精华如下:1语言输入理论:克拉申二语习得理论认为,语言输入是指学习者在语言环境中所接受的语言信息。
人类语言的掌握是通过无意识的习得或有意识的学习两种方式获得的。
克拉申认为,习得方式要比学习方式更重要。
可理解性语言是语言输入的关键。
2 语言输出理论语言输出是指学习者在熟练掌握一定的语言信息后,运用已经获得的语言信息技能进行练习,发出可理解性输出,已达到语言交际的目的。
语言输出受语言习得环境以及学习者自身的素质影响巨大。
3 情感过滤假设克拉申理论认为,第二语言习得的过程要受许多情感因素的影响。
第二语言习得理论对英语教师的启示
![第二语言习得理论对英语教师的启示](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/06fa95b8f80f76c66137ee06eff9aef8941e482b.png)
第二语言习得理论对英语教师的启示1. 引言1.1 第二语言习得理论对英语教师的启示第二语言习得理论是指研究学习者在学习第二语言过程中如何习得语言的理论体系。
对于英语教师来说,深入了解这些理论可以为他们的教学提供启示和指导。
第二语言习得理论强调了学习者在语言习得过程中的特点和规律,帮助教师更好地设计和实施教学活动。
在教学实践中,英语教师应该意识到每位学生在语言习得过程中的差异性,了解学习者的语言习得过程,关注学生的需求和兴趣,因材施教。
倡导交互式教学方法可以提高学生的参与度和积极性,在语言输入和输出之间寻求平衡,通过情境教学法创造真实语言环境,激发学生的学习兴趣和动力。
鼓励学生自主学习可以培养他们的学习能力和自信心,促进语言习得的深入和持久。
结合第二语言习得理论指导英语教学实践,英语教师应该不断反思和改进教学方法,适应学生的发展需要,促进学生的语言习得过程,为学生的语言发展和学习能力的提高创造更好的条件。
2. 正文2.1 了解学习者的语言习得过程了解学习者的语言习得过程对于英语教师至关重要。
第二语言习得理论强调,学习者的语言习得过程并不是简单的机械任务,而是一个复杂而个体化的过程。
每个学习者都有自己独特的学习方式和速度,因此教师需要了解学习者的个体差异,以便更好地帮助他们掌握英语。
了解学习者的语言习得过程需要教师深入了解学生的语言背景、学习动机、学习风格等方面的信息。
通过分析学生的背景信息,教师可以更好地制定教学计划,针对学生的需求和水平开展教学活动。
教师还应该密切关注学生在语言习得过程中遇到的困难和问题。
通过观察学生的表现和听取他们的反馈,教师可以及时调整教学方法和内容,帮助学生克服困难,提高学习效果。
了解学习者的语言习得过程还需要教师不断学习和更新教学知识。
随着第二语言习得理论的不断发展,教师需要不断提升自己的专业素养,不断探索和尝试新的教学方法,以更好地促进学生的语言习得过程。
了解学习者的语言习得过程是英语教师必须要重视的重要任务。
探析第二语言习得理论对我国大学英语双语教学的影响和启示
![探析第二语言习得理论对我国大学英语双语教学的影响和启示](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/cfe3162e7f21af45b307e87101f69e314332fabb.png)
探析第二语言习得理论对我国大学英语双语教学的影响和启示引言随着全球化趋势的加剧,英语已经成为国际交流和合作的重要语言。
在这个背景下,我国大学英语双语教学已成为教育改革的重要内容,如何提高大学生的英语水平成为了亟待解决的问题。
为此,我们需要深入探讨第二语言习得理论对我国大学英语双语教学的影响和启示。
一、第二语言习得理论概述第二语言习得理论是指人们学习第二语言的过程和方法的理论。
目前被广泛接受的第二语言习得理论主要有行为主义、认知心理学、社会交互学、认知语言学等多种理论。
在这些理论的指导下,人们对于第二语言习得的认识不断深化,也不断推动着相关教学方法和技术的发展。
二、对我国大学英语双语教学的影响1. 强调学习方法第二语言习得理论强调学习者的主动性和个体差异,这对我国大学英语双语教学提出了挑战。
传统的双语教学模式通常是由教师主导,学生被动接受。
而第二语言习得理论则提倡学生主动参与和学习,注重个性化的学习方法和策略。
大学英语双语教学需要从课堂教学模式转变为注重学生学习策略培养和个性化教学。
2. 注重语言输入第二语言习得理论强调学习者需要大量的语言输入来帮助他们进行语言习得。
这对于我国大学英语双语教学来说,就是要注重提供更多的真实语言环境和实际语言运用的机会。
这意味着在课堂教学中,需要增加学生的语言输入量,例如增加听力、口语训练和阅读活动等。
也需要创造更多的真实语境让学生进行实际的语言运用。
3. 重视社会交互社会交互学认为语言习得是通过社会交往和交流来实现的。
在大学英语双语教学中,也需要重视学生之间及学生与老师之间的交流和互动。
通过组织各种语言实践活动,如讨论会、辩论赛、角色扮演等,可以帮助学生更好地掌握英语语言并提高实际运用能力。
4. 强调认知过程认知语言学认为语言学习是通过认知过程来实现的。
在大学英语双语教学中,也需要注重学生的认知过程。
教师可以通过各种方式引导学生进行思维活动,启发学生的思维,帮助他们更好地理解和掌握英语语言知识。
二语习得理论及其对小学英语教学的思考
![二语习得理论及其对小学英语教学的思考](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/bf643c936e1aff00bed5b9f3f90f76c661374cef.png)
二语习得理论及其对小学英语教学的思考英语作为全球通用语言之一,在小学阶段的英语教学中有着重要的地位。
如何更加有效地进行小学英语教学,是每一位从事英语教育的教师们所关注的重要问题。
而二语习得理论,作为揭示和研究第二语言习得规律的理论框架,为我们提供了宝贵的思考和指导。
本文将介绍二语习得理论及其对小学英语教学的启示和应用。
1. 二语习得理论概述1.1 二语习得与第一语言习得的区别第一语言习得是儿童在母语环境中自然而然习得的语言能力,而第二语言习得则是指儿童或成人在学习第二语言过程中逐渐形成的能力。
第一语言习得是以交流为目的的无意识过程,而第二语言习得则常常是有意识的学习和运用过程。
1.2 二语习得理论的代表人物在二语习得理论的研究中,有两位重要的理论家:斯蒂芬·克拉申(Stephen Krashen)和劳尔·卡尔普(Ralph Cauldwell)。
克拉申提出了“输入假设”、“自然顺序假设”、“发展性假设”等一系列理论,侧重强调了输入和语言环境对于习得的重要性。
卡尔普则强调了习得与学习的区别,以及情感因素在二语习得中的作用。
2. 二语习得理论对小学英语教学的启示2.1 创造良好的语言输入环境根据克拉申的输入假设,提供丰富、自然的语言输入对于小学生的英语习得至关重要。
教师可以通过多媒体资源、故事书、游戏等方式创造一个富有激发学生兴趣、积极参与的英语学习环境,帮助学生获得更多的语言输入机会。
2.2 注重情感与习得的结合在卡尔普的理论中,情感因素被认为是影响习得的重要因素之一。
因此,在小学英语教学过程中,教师需要注重培养学生对英语学习的情感积极性和自信心。
通过赞扬和鼓励,让学生感受到学习英语的乐趣和成就感,从而更好地激发他们学习英语的动力,并促进他们的英语习得。
3. 二语习得理论的应用3.1 个性化教学法根据学生的个体差异,采取个性化的教学方法,是二语习得理论在小学英语教学中的一种应用。
第二语言语用习得研究对外语教学的启示论文
![第二语言语用习得研究对外语教学的启示论文](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/6ca7ec2084254b35effd349f.png)
第二语言语用习得研究对外语教学的启示论文关于第二语言语用习得研究对外语教学的启示论文论文关键词:语用习得;丈化意识;外语教学论文摘要:二语习得过程中的语用能力的发展问题正受到研究者的关注。
二语语用能力的发展受多种因素的影响,如语法能力,语言迁移以及学习者地位和社会交往等。
本文探讨了在课堂环境下二语语用能力的培养,涉及到课堂语用知识的可教性和语用精入,重视个体的发展和文化意识的培养,目的在于帮助学习者在语言交际中强化语用意识,提高语言能力。
一、引言20世纪80年代Canale&Swain的研究成果(第二语言教学与测试中交际模式的理论基础》标志着二语语用习得研究新领域的开始。
在这个研究领域中,Ellis(1994)在《第二语言习得研究》一书中总结了当时的语用习得研究,指出了在语用能力发展过程中的三个重要因素,即学习者的语言能力,语用迁移以及学习者的地位和社会交往。
在Ellis的研究之后,Kasper&Rose(1999,2001)等将二语习得和语用学研究紧密结合起来,关注二语习得研究过程中的认知特性,从理论和方法两方面就二语/外语语用习得和语用能力发展做出新的系统研究成果。
国内学者如何自然等(2003)也提出了外语教学的语用路向,即外语教学中的语用学方法论。
随着语用习得研究的深人,语用能力的培养已成为语言教学的焦点之一。
本文希望通过对语用习得的探讨重新审视外语教学的视角,在教学过程中重视对学生语用能力的培养,强化语用意识,提高学生的语言交际能力。
二、影响二语语用能力发展的因素(一)语法因素Ellis(1994)认为学习者的语法水平是其语用能力发展的基础,很多研究者也赞同这一观点。
但是也有研究者对此观点提出质疑,认为语法水平高未必语用能力就强。
持这种观点的研究者认为,有的学习者虽然了解某种语言形式,但是却不能在真实语境下恰当地使用这种语言形式。
Bardovi-HarligandDornyei(1998)和Niezgoda&Rover(转自Kasper,2001)对EFL和ESL两类学习者的语用和语法认知程度以及两者的相关性试验研究发现,ESL学生具有更强的语用意识,认为语用错误比语法错误更严重,而EFL学生正相反;通过对语言水平较高的学习者语用能力的检测,发现试验的结果始终是一致的:语法能力和语用能力并非正相关,即语法能力高并不一定保证语用能力高。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
应用语言学论文第二语言习得对英语教学的影响The Enlightenment of SLA Theory to Language Teaching1. The Enlightenment of SLA Theory to Language TeachingAs early as in the 1970 s many linguists and applied linguists had conducted extensive studies of second language acquisition (SLA). These linguists called the acquisition of the mother tongue first language acquisition and the acquisition of other languages beyond the mother tongue second language acquisition. The early SLA research was done for the purpose of improving language teaching, so people often classify these researches as the orientations of applied linguistics and foreign language teaching research. The researchers have been studying the cerebral surface features and the language acquisition mechanism of the second language since the 1980 s; therefore, SLA has grown rapidly as an independent subject. In the SLA field the researchers have offered various theoretic models to explain the process of second language acquisition. The most influential theory, also the best explained one, is the Monitor Model put forth by American linguist S.D. Krashen, who built this model on his five famous hypotheses, namely, input hypothesis, acquisition and learning hypothesis, monitor hypothesis, natural order hypothesis and affective filter hypothesis. These five hypotheses makeunique and distinctive explanations of the process of second language acquisition. Input hypothesis, as the core of the Monitor Model, clearly tells us how language is acquired. As long as people understand the meaning of the words, they may acquire the language. This is the only way to learn language. Speaking and writing are of no help to language acquisition; only listening is. Krashen said as long as learners come across words which contain “comprehensible input”, language acquisition happens. Progress in language learning is achieved when the “comprehensible input”is slightly higher than the learners present ability in understanding the language. Acquisition-learning hypothesis points out that “acquisition” and “learning” represent two distinct ways of language learning. In “acquisition” , an unconscious process of learning, such as children’s acquisition of their mother tongue, the meaning of words is usually understood in the course of communication and the use of language is learned in an unconscious way, whereas “learning”is conscious and always acquires linguistic knowledge by means of learning the rules and forms of a language. If one acquires a language, they may not know the rules. However, if one learns a language, they must have a good command of rules. Language is at the center of human life. It is core of the most important ways of expressing ourselves. With the development of the society, it is not enough only to be able to speak one’s own nat ive language. In a world there are variouslanguages. If you’d like to take part in the life of the whole world you need t know more languages. So language learning and teaching are vital to the everyday lives of millions. Being an English teacher, I do understand student’s trouble in learning a foreign language. Fifty-minute class sometimes seems to be an ordeal. The problem is that we do know “teaching” but do not know “learning”. That is an sqy we lack a theory of language learning. So in the paper there are some concepts introduced such as learning and acquisition, foreign language and second language and models of second language learning. I try to find out an appropriate way of teaching in my oral class. The aim of my class is to wake the enthusiasm of the students’ study. So I try to do create a natural and relaxed class atmosphere to make students learn foreign language through acquiring them. Only the linguistic knowledge through “acquisition”is helpful to the use of the language. The linguistic knowledge through learning, which is no help to the use of the language, can but monitor whether the words spoken are correct or not. As a result, the monitoring function of “learning”gives rise to the Monitor Hypothesis. The learners always gain language acquisition through “Comprehensible Input”which is higher than their present linguistic comprehension, so their process of acquisition must follow a certain predictable order to master the linguistic rules, thus producing “Natural Order Hypothesis”. The dif ferences in the effect of language learningdepends on learners and results from the psychological factors. The learners differences in motivation, attitude, confidence, etc., exert impact on the intake of “Comprehensible Input”and cause the differences in language acquisition. This i s called the“Affective Filter Hypothesis”。