非谓语动词作状语的用法

分考点1 不定式作状语

Point 1 做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。

To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.

为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。

Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music.

麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。

【特别注意】也可用in order to 或so as to 表示目的，但so as to 不能用于句首。

The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.

公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。

He got up early in order to catch the first bus.

他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。

Point 2 作结果状语。常表示令人意外的结果。

Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果

Enough to do 足够做...

Too...to do 太...而不能.....

So/such... as to...如此...以至于....

I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out.

我昨晚去找他。结果发现他出去了。（表示出乎意料的结果）

Mary is too tired to do the job.

玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。

He is old enough to go to school.

他到上学的年龄了。

Point 3 作原因状语。常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,happy 等形容词后，常用结构为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”。

Tom was very happy to see his mother.

汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。

I was surprised to find him here.

发现他在这里我很开心。

【特别注意】easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good 等形容词表示主语的特征或性质，后面接不定式作状语时，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主语形式表示被动意义。

English is easy to learn. 英语学起来很容易。

The book is very hard to understand. 这本书很难理解。

Point 1 作时间状语，常用在when，while，before，since，as引导的原因状语从句中。He went through the papers while having breakfast(= while he was having breakfast).

他边吃早饭边看报纸。

When completed(= when it is completed), the road will be open to the public.

这条路在竣工后会正式通车。

Point 2 作原因状语，相当于because，since，as 引导的原因状语从句。

Not understanding this, he asked the teacher about.= Because he didn’t understand this,he asked the teacher about it.

因为不理解，关于那个问题他问了老师。

Defeated by his desk mate, he felt discouraged.= Because he was defeated by his desk mate, he felt discouraged. 由于被同桌打败，他感到气馁。

Point 3 作条件状语，相当于if，unless引导的条件状语从句。

Working hard, you’ll succeed. = If you work hard, you will succeed.

如果努力学习，你会成功的。

Given more time, I can finish the work. = If I am given more time, I can finish the work.

如果多给我点时间，我就能完成这项工作。

Point 4 作结果状语。常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。

Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.

他们的车被困在拥挤的交通中，因此耽搁了时间。

The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.

大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有价值的东西。

【特别注意】过去分词一般不作结果状语。

Point 5 作方式或伴随状语。

He made the boy sit there, promising he would not hurt him.

他让那个小男孩坐在那边，答应不伤害他。

The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.

老师走进实验室，身后跟着一些学生。（伴随状语）

Point 6 作让步状语，相当于though，although，even if等引导的让不状语从句。Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. = Though he was warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.

尽管被警告危险，他依旧在薄冰上滑冰。

Lacking of money, he managed to borrow money and bought the phone. = Though he lacked money, he managed to borrow money and bought the phone.

虽然缺钱，他还是设法借钱买了手机。

Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. = Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.

虽然被告诫过好多次了，但他仍然重复犯同样的错误。