非谓语动词作状语的用法
高考英语非谓语动词作状语的用法 知识点
分考点1 不定式作状语Point 1 做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。
To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。
Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music.麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。
【特别注意】也可用in order to 或so as to 表示目的，但so as to 不能用于句首。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。
Point 2 作结果状语。
常表示令人意外的结果。
Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果Enough to do 足够做...Too...to do 太...而不能.....So/such... as to...如此...以至于....I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out.我昨晚去找他。
结果发现他出去了。
（表示出乎意料的结果）Mary is too tired to do the job.玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。
He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。
Point 3 作原因状语。
常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,happy 等形容词后，常用结构为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”。
Tom was very happy to see his mother.汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。
非谓语动词作状语的用法
非谓语动词作状语的用法介绍非谓语动词是指不具有人称和数的动词形式，例如动词的不定式、动名词和现在分词。
它们在句子中常常用作状语，用来修饰或者补充说明动作或状态的情况。
本文将介绍非谓语动词作状语的用法。
不定式作状语不定式作状语常使用 to + 动词原形的形式，可以表示目的、结果、原因、方式等。
例如：- 目的：He went to the store to buy some groceries.- 结果：She ran fast to catch the bus.- 原因：I walked slowly to avoid slipping on the icy road.- 方式：He spoke softly to not disturb the sleeping baby.动名词作状语动名词作状语常使用动词 + -ing 的形式，可以表示原因、方式、条件、时间等。
例如：- 原因：She failed the test by not studying enough.- 方式：They solved the problem by working together.- 条件：You can improve your English by practicing regularly.- 时间：She finished the project by staying up all night.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语常使用动词 + -ing 的形式，可以表示原因、时间、条件等。
例如：- 原因：Feeling hungry, he decided to go out for dinner.- 时间：Waiting for the train, she listened to music.- 条件：Being late, he missed the beginning of the movie.注意事项1. 非谓语动词作状语时，要注意逻辑关系和修饰对象的一致性。
非谓语动词作状语全解讲解
非谓语动词作状语全解不定式和分词作状语的用法一、不定式作状语可以作:1. 主要用作目的状语。
常与 in order to do (为了或 so as to do(以便连用。
so as to 不用于居首。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。
He sat down to have a rest.他坐下来休息。
He went to France to learn French。
他去法国学习法语。
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。
They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路。
(停下来的目的2.作结果状语。
表示出乎意料的结果。
做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:to find, to hear, to see, to be told, to form, to give, to make, to produce 等。
He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,发现火车已经开走了。
He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。
His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf. 这男孩个子不够高, 手伸不到书架。
He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。
He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
非谓语动词做状语方法
非谓语动词做状语方法非谓语动词是指在句子中充当动词的形式，但不具备时态等谓语动词的特征。
非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
在句子中，非谓语动词可以充当状语，对动作或状态进行修饰和补充，使句子更加丰富和准确。
下面将介绍几种常见的非谓语动词做状语的方法。
一、动词不定式做状语动词不定式是由“to + 动词原形”构成的形式，在句子中可以作为状语来修饰动作或状态。
常见的动词不定式做状语的用法有以下几种：1. 作目的状语动词不定式可以表示动作的目的或出发点，常用的短语有“in order to”、“so as to”、“to”等。
例如：- I went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.- He studied hard in order to pass the exam.2. 作结果状语动词不定式可以表示动作的结果或后果，常用的短语有“so as to”、“to”等。
例如：- She ran fast to catch the bus.- He worked hard to earn more money.动词不定式可以表示动作的方式，常用的短语有“to”、“in order to”等。
例如：- They danced together to celebrate the victory.- He spoke loudly to make himself heard.4. 作原因状语动词不定式可以表示动作的原因，常用的短语有“for”、“to”等。
例如：- She apologized to him for being late.- He thanked her for helping him.二、动名词做状语动名词是由动词加上-ing构成的名词形式，具有动词和名词的特点，可以作为状语来修饰动作或状态。
常见的动名词做状语的用法有以下几种：1. 作原因状语动名词可以表示动作的原因，常用的短语有“by”、“by means of”等。
非谓语动词做状语
二. done/being done/having been done 做状语 主语与非谓语动词之间为被动关系； having been done 发生在主句谓语动词之前
1. Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.
2. Compared with those who lived in the slums, Children here are really lucky.
过去分词可以以下成分:
1.表语 The teacher is moved. 2. 定语 I don’t like the man talked about at the party. 3. 宾补 We heard a song sung in her room. 4. 状语 Lost in a newspaper, She didn’t notice me.
He is too careful not to have noticed that. 他那么小心,肯定会注意到那一点的。 She is too sad not to help crying. 她那么伤心，忍不住哭了。 I am only too glad to help you.我很高兴能帮助你。 I am only never too glad to know you. 认识你我再高兴不过了。
s )
一. 非谓语动词做状语的形式： 二. doing/ having done 三. done/being done/having been done 四. to do/ to be done
五. 二. 做题方法：析句子结构，找逻辑主语， 辩逻辑关系，判动词先后
If I am given more time, I’ ll catch up with you.
高考英语之非谓语动词作状语
高考英语之非谓语动词作状语高考英语的状语在句中主要修饰动词，形容词和句子，非谓语作状语常表：目的，时间，条件，结果，伴随，原因，让步，方式等。
下面为大家作进一步讲解。
1.to do 作状语,常表目的状语，结果状语，原因状语。
（1）表目的，译为“为了“例如：——Ｉget some money from the bank to buy you a gift.我从银行取了些钱，为了给你买份礼物。
——To be admitted into a key university, he buried himself into study.为了被重点大学录取，他专心致志于学习。
解析：to do 放句首，表强调。
另外：in order to , so as to 也表目的状语。
So as to 不放句首。
（2）表结果，常使用only/just to do, 却…，表意料之外的不良后果。
so/such ……as to do如此……以至于, ……enough to do，足够，too……to太……而不能……结构。
例如：——She is such a lazy girl as not to pass the exam.她是如此懒一个女孩，（以至于）没有及格。
解析：so 用法为So + adj. +a/an +n. 。
such用法为such + a/an +adj.+ n. 。
too 后用法与so相同。
Enough 前常用adj. 和adv. 。
注：n. 表名词。
adj.表形容词。
adv. 表副词。
——She hurried to the station , only to be told the train had left.她匆忙赶到车站，却被告知，火车已经离开了。
解析：only to do ,表意料之外的事，此处told 与she 之间为被动关系。
（3）作原因状语，常用在表情感，态度等形容词后。
例如：happy,surprised ,sorry 等。
非谓语动词作状语的用法
非谓语动词作状语的用法XXX。
we must work hard。
Therefore。
we need to put in extra XXX.Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music。
In order to be heard over the loud music。
Mike had to raise his voice.The bus ped so as to pick up passengers。
The bus driver XXX.He got up early in order to catch the first bus。
He woke up early to make sure he could catch the first bus of the day.I went to see him last night only to find him out。
I went to see him last night。
but was surprised to find out that he was not at home.Mary is too tired to do the job。
Mary is XXX.He is old enough to go to school。
He has reached the age where he is XXX.Tom was very happy to see his mother。
When Tom saw his mother。
he was filled with joy.I was surprised to find him here。
I was taken aback when I discovered that he was present.English is an easy language to learn。
非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语1.动词不定式作状语：1）表示目的--- He came here specially to see you.--- He stopped his car to have a lookat the beautiful scenery.**动词不定式作状语还可放在句首，使其所表示的目的更明显突出。
--- To be a teacher, one must first be a pupil.**另外，in order to, so as to加动词原形，也作目的状态。
in order to可放句首，而so as to不可。
-- In order to learn English well, he works hard.-- He got up early in order to catch the first bus.-- He got up early so as to be here on time.2）表示结果：He lived to see the liberation of China.He woke up only to find he was locked in the room.I went to see him only to find him out.only to do 表示意外结果结果状语常用于以下句型：a. / ad. + enough … to do ; too… to doso + a. / ad. + as to dosuch + n. + as to doEg.The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus and support him across the street.I’m not such a fool as to believe that.He is not tall enough to reach the light.We were too excited to sleep that night.**但如果too后为anxious, eager, willing, ready, hungry等，没有否定意味。
非谓语做状语的用法
非谓语做状语的用法非谓语动词可以作状语有四种主要用法：1）动词现在分词和过去分词表示时间、条件方式让步或伴随的状况：这个用法中，如果句子主语与非谓语动词是主动关系，我们要用现在分词。
若句子主语与非谓语动词是被动关系，就要使用过去分词或现代分词的被动式。
例：The crowd dispersed, chattering still about the shocking scene. 人群渐渐散去，路上人们还小声谈论着那惊人的场景。
2）动词不定式作目的状语：动词的不定式形式可以单独使用表目的，也可用在短语so as to do sth.或in order to do sth.之类里面。
如果这类的目的状语用在句首，通常后面需要加一个逗号隔开。
如：To win the election, he must make sure that the citizens support his vision for urban development. 想要赢得选举，他必须确保市民们支持他的城市发展愿景。
3）分词短语表示原因：非谓语动词作状语的这个用法可以置于句首，也可以放在句末，多用逗号隔开。
如：Seeing the effectiveness of mask wearing for preventing the spread of COVID, many European countries also started enforcing the use of masks. 看到戴口罩对预防新冠肺炎传播的有效性，许多欧洲国界也开始增强对口罩使用的要求。
4）不定式或现在分词表示结果：这两者分别在于不定式表示结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，有时表示未曾预料或令人不愉快的，不定式前常加only；现在分词表示结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果。
例如：He rushed to his office, only to realise that it was a public holiday. 他急忙赶到了他的办公室，才想起来那天是公共假日。
非谓语动词doing和done做状语的用法技巧
高中英语秋季班（教师版）11 / 6初三英语同步课程秋季班-高中英语-复习课-写作技巧22 / 6初三英语同步课程秋季班-高中英语-复习课-写作技巧v1.0 可编辑可修改33 / 6初三英语同步课程 秋季班-高中英语-复习课-写作技巧一、用动词的适当形式填空：非谓语动词作状语大多相当于一个状语从句A.作时间状语：eg.)①_______ (hear) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.= _______________, they couldn’t help crying.②When/ While( _____ _____ ) ____ (take) around the city, we were deeply impressed by the city’s new look.While/When (I was) _____ (wander) through the square, I caught sight of a snake-charmer. ③_______ (finish) his work, he went home.=_____________, he went home.B.作原因状语：Eg.) ①_____ (be poor), he could not afford to travel abroad.=____________, he could not afford to travel abroad.________ (encourage) by his heroic deeds, they worked harder._______ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into a post.________ (frighten) by the big forest fire, the animals all ran away._____ (not know) her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.②______ (never be) to the city, he soon got lost._________ (not receive) his letter, I decided to call him up.知识点讲解=_____________.C.方式/伴随状语;Eg.)①She watched the film, _____ (weep ) and ___ (sigh).②The teacher stood there, ______ (surround) by a lot of students.D.作条件状语：Eg.)①______ (give) another chance, I would have done the job far better.=______________ , I would have done the job far better.②(If) _____ (play) all day, you will waste your valuable time.E.作结果状语：(意料中的结果)Eg.)① The hunters fired, _____(shoot) one of the wolves.②The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus _____ (cause) the delay.区别: 不定式表示意外的结果eg.) He hurried to the station, only ____ (find) the train had left.F.作让步状语：Eg.)①Though ____ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon.= _____________, it cleared up very soon.②Though _____ (tell) of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.分词作状语时, 需注意事项:A.分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是________ :____ (see) from the hill, the city is beautiful.___ (see) from the hill, you can see the whole city二、使用doing和done简化以下状语从句：44 / 6初三英语同步课程秋季班-高中英语-复习课-写作技巧1.When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send me a telegram.) 到达之后，来个电报。
非谓语动词作状语
• He walked up and down the room, lost in thought.
注意：
• 1.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，常用于 一些系表结构中。此时的过去分词既不表被 动也不表完成，而表示一种状态。这样的词 有：lost；seated；hidden；lost/absorbed in； dressed in；tired of 等。
• Though beaten, we were not discouraged. • =Though we were beated, we..
• Once tasted, the dish is hard to forget. • =once it is tasted,语 的区别：
• 可表示原因.结果.条件.让步.方式伴随等，可转 化为相应的状语从句
• 1.表时间 • Walking out of the room, he saw the boy still
there.
• = when he walked out of the room, he...
• Having made full preparations, we are ready for the exam.
• Honestly speaking, he is not fit for the job. • Judging from his accent, he is from the
south.
三、过去分词ed作状语
• 过去分词做状语可表示被动和完成的动作。 • 表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式等，相
• If you don’t make use of time, you will regret.
非谓语动词(作状语)
3. 过去分词
过去分词作状语可表时间、原因、条件、伴 随等。过去分词作状语时，其动作的逻辑主 语与句子主语一致，且为被动关系 Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.（条件状语） Frightened by the noise outside, Sue dared not sleep in her bedroom. （原因 状语） The lady returned home, followed by the detective. （伴随状语）
②结果状语： only to do, so... as to do, …enough to do, too… to do Will you be so kind as to open the window? He arrived at the airport only to find the plane had already taken off.
to have to be been √ √ √ √ √ √ made made √ √ √ √ having been made √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
现在 分词
动名 词 过去 分词
making
havin being g made made made
1. 不定式
动词不定式可以作下列的状语： ①目的状语： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 注意：可在不定式前加in order 或so as ，但 应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而 so as to不能位于句首，如： She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English.
非谓语动词做状语在写作中的应用
非谓语动词做状语在写作中的应用非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），它们在写作中做状语时可以丰富句子表达，增强文采。
一．动词不定式做状语1.目的状语可以用来表示目的，常放于句首或句末。
例如，“To improve my English, I read English novels every day.”（为了提高我的英语水平，我每天读英语小说），这里的“To improve my English”表明了读书这个行为的目的。
在句尾时，如“I get up early to catch the first bus.”（我早起是为了赶上头班车）。
2.结果状语常与“only”连用，表示出乎意料的结果。
例如，“He rushed to the station only to find the train had left.”（他匆忙赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了）。
二．现在分词做状语1.时间状语当分词的动作与主句的动作同时发生时，可以用现在分词作时间状语。
例如，“Walking in the park, I met an old friend.”（在公园里散步的时候，我遇到了一位老朋友），“Walking in the park”这个动作和“met an old friend”同时发生。
2.原因状语表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
如“Being ill, he didn't go to school.”（因为生病了，他没去上学），这里“Being ill”是他没去上学的原因。
3.伴随状语表示伴随状况，与主句的动作同时进行。
比如，“The girl sat there, reading a book.”（女孩坐在那儿，读着一本书），“reading a book”伴随“sat”这个动作。
过去分词做状语1.时间状语和现在分词类似，当过去分词表示的动作先于主句动作时，可作时间状语。
非谓语动词作状语用法详解
非谓语动词作状语用法详解作状语是非谓语动词的主要功能之一。
正确运用非谓语动词作状语是考生必须掌握的最基本英语语法知识之一，也是NMET 及其同等水平考试常见考查内容。
笔者这里结合一些常见例题谈谈此方面语法知识的复习。
一、不定式作状语不定式作状语常常考查的有以下三方面知识：⒈不定式作目的状语一方面不定式可以独立作目的状语；另一方面不定式还可以用在so as (to) 或in order (to) 后，表示目的。
从结构上讲，不定式作目的状语放于句首时，通常用逗号和句子隔开；如果放于句末，通常不用逗号：【名题1】(2003 北京海淀区高三第二学期期中练习· 26) ____ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in l earning English.A. ImprovingB. To improveC. ImprovedD. Havi ng improved解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。
不定式放于句首，说明了酒店员工积极学习英语的目的。
答案为B。
【名题2】(2003 北京东城区高三总复习练习(一) · 26)_____ time and labour, cartoonists generally draw the ha nds of their characters with only three fingers and a thumb. A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。
不定式放于句首，说明了漫画家在画人物的手指时为什么只画三个手指和一个大拇指。
答案为A 。
名题3】( '99SHMET · 18)—Mum. Why do you always make me eat an egg every da y?—_____ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.A. GetB. GettingC. To getD. To be【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。
非谓语动词作状语
D ______ the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite.
A. To tie B. Tying C. Tied D. Tie
问题二 句子还是分词：如果句中有连词（and/ but / or ..），要用句子. 1) ____ C but he still could not understand it. A. Told many times B. Having been told many times C. He has been told many times D. Though he had been told many times 2) ____ D so he had no difficulty ( in ) understanding English. A. Because he had been in London for 3 years B. Having been in London for 3 years C. He having been in London for 3 years D. He had been in London for 3 years
e.g Going straight down the road, you will find the department store =If you go straight down the road, you will
find find the department store the department store
问题三 要特别注意非谓语的逻辑主语
1) Finding her car stolen, _____. (01 上海). D A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help
非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语在成份上,非谓语动词都可以作状语.在时态上,ing表"进行",ed表"完成",在语态上,ing 表"主动",ed表"被动".在概念上,ing表"抽象,习惯",不定式表"具体,偶然,将来".非谓语动词(非谓)做状语主要就是要把握非谓与主句主语的"主被动关系"和主句"动作发生的先后顺序".一般说来,在时间上,非谓的一般式与谓语动作同时发生,完成式先于谓语动作之前发生,进行式在谓语动词动作发生时正在进行.(注意否定词not要加在非谓前)eg: They had a good time at the party, singing and dancing. (一般式)(在派对上玩和唱歌跳舞是同时的,且与主语they呈主动关系)Having waited in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (完成式)(排队等了半个小时后,那个老人忽然意识到自己把支票忘在车上了."排队"这个动作发生在"意识到忘带支票之前")They seemed to be eating something that they had cooked on the fire. (进行式,常常是不定式的进行式.)二.详解1. 不定式作状语表示目的,结果,原因等.其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,如果不是则要加上其自身的主语,即独立主格结构.(ing和ed也一样).不定式要把握以下几点:*表目的用不定式 eg: To finish the work before time, we'd better ask Tom for help. 为了提前完成工作,我们最好找Tom帮忙.* 动作还没发生,将来的,用不定式.*表出乎意料的结果要用不定式.eg: 我们终于到了那里,却发现没有人在那里.In the end, we arrived there only to find nobody there. (对)In the end, we arrived there only finding nodody there. (错)现在分词在句中作结果时表示意料之中的事,而不定式表意料不到的事情.2.分词作状语形式意义ing与逻辑主语呈主动关系,与主句动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生.having done与逻辑主语为主动关系,动作发生在主句动作之前.done与逻辑主语为被动关系,动作完成.being + done 与逻辑主语为被动关系,与为主动作同时发生,一般作原因状语,放名首.having been done与逻辑主语为被动关系,先于主句动作发生.eg: Given more time, he would finish the plan. 多给些时间他就能完成计划.Getting off the bus, she saw her mother. 一下车她就看见了她妈妈.Having passed the exam, she told everybody the good news.通过了考试后,她把这个好消息告诉了每个人.Having been told many times, she still couldn't understand me.跟她说了很多次她还是不能理解我的意思.Being asked to give a speech, she didn't know how to refuse.被邀做演讲时,她不知道怎么拒绝.注:以上各点也适用于非谓语动词做其它成份的情况.混合练习(按步骤:*找主语 *找主句谓语 *判断非谓与主语的主被动关系 *比较非谓和主句动作先后,对照上表来做就不容易出错了)1 _____ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.A. ImprovingB. To improveC. ImprovedD. Having improved【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。
(完整word)非谓语动词作状语全解讲解
非谓语动词作状语全解不定式和分词作状语的用法一、不定式作状语可以作:1。
主要用作目的状语。
常与 in order to do （为了或 so as to do(以便连用。
so as to 不用于居首。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。
He sat down to have a rest。
他坐下来休息。
He went to France to learn French. 他去法国学习法语.They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。
They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路. （停下来的目的2。
作结果状语。
表示出乎意料的结果。
做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有：to find， to hear, to see, to be told, to form, to give, to make，to produce 等。
He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,发现火车已经开走了.He woke up to find everybody gone。
他醒来发现大家都走了。
His family was too poor to support him。
他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活. The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf。
这男孩个子不够高, 手伸不到书架。
He is old enough to go to school。
他到上学年龄了.He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
非谓语动词用法精讲分词作状语的用法和常见形式
非谓语动词用法精讲分词作状语的用法和常见形式非谓语动词用法精讲：分词作状语的用法和常见形式非谓语动词是指不作谓语，不具备时态和人称变化的动词形式，包括不定式、动名词和分词。
其中，分词作为非谓语动词的一种形式，常常被用作状语来修饰句子的主语、宾语或其他成分。
本文将重点讲解分词作为状语的用法和常见形式。
一、分词作状语的用途分词作为状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式等不同的语义关系。
根据这些关系，分词可以用作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、结果状语和方式状语。
1. 分词作时间状语分词作时间状语时，可以表示动作发生的时间、顺序或同时性等。
常见的分词形式包括现在分词和过去分词。
- Walking along the river, I saw a beautiful sunset.- Having finished my homework, I went out to play.- Having been a teacher for many years, he knows how to handle students.2. 分词作原因状语包括现在分词和过去分词。
- Being tired, she decided to take a nap.- Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looked magnificent.- The car crashed into a tree, causing serious injuries.3. 分词作条件状语分词作条件状语时，可以表示动作发生的条件。
常见的分词形式包括现在分词和过去分词。
- Provided with enough resources, they can finish the project on time.- Weather permitting, we will have a picnic in the park.- Given the circumstances, I had no choice but to accept the offer.4. 分词作结果状语分词作结果状语时，可以表示动作的结果或效果。
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分考点1 不定式作状语Point 1 做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。
To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。
Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music.麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。
【特别注意】也可用in order to 或so as to 表示目的，但so as to 不能用于句首。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。
Point 2 作结果状语。
常表示令人意外的结果。
Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果Enough to do 足够做...Too...to do 太...而不能.....So/such... as to...如此...以至于....I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out.我昨晚去找他。
结果发现他出去了。
（表示出乎意料的结果）Mary is too tired to do the job.玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。
He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。
Point 3 作原因状语。
常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,happy 等形容词后，常用结构为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”。
Tom was very happy to see his mother.汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。
I was surprised to find him here.发现他在这里我很开心。
【特别注意】easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good 等形容词表示主语的特征或性质，后面接不定式作状语时，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主语形式表示被动意义。
English is easy to learn. 英语学起来很容易。
The book is very hard to understand. 这本书很难理解。
Point 1 作时间状语，常用在when，while，before，since，as引导的原因状语从句中。
He went through the papers while having breakfast(= while he was having breakfast).他边吃早饭边看报纸。
When completed(= when it is completed), the road will be open to the public.这条路在竣工后会正式通车。
Point 2 作原因状语，相当于because，since，as 引导的原因状语从句。
Not understanding this, he asked the teacher about.= Because he didn’t understand this,he asked the teacher about it.因为不理解，关于那个问题他问了老师。
Defeated by his desk mate, he felt discouraged.= Because he was defeated by his desk mate, he felt discouraged. 由于被同桌打败，他感到气馁。
Point 3 作条件状语，相当于if，unless引导的条件状语从句。
Working hard, you’ll succeed. = If you work hard, you will succeed.如果努力学习，你会成功的。
Given more time, I can finish the work. = If I am given more time, I can finish the work.如果多给我点时间，我就能完成这项工作。
Point 4 作结果状语。
常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.他们的车被困在拥挤的交通中，因此耽搁了时间。
The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有价值的东西。
【特别注意】过去分词一般不作结果状语。
Point 5 作方式或伴随状语。
He made the boy sit there, promising he would not hurt him.他让那个小男孩坐在那边，答应不伤害他。
The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.老师走进实验室，身后跟着一些学生。
（伴随状语）Point 6 作让步状语，相当于though，although，even if等引导的让不状语从句。
Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. = Though he was warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.尽管被警告危险，他依旧在薄冰上滑冰。
Lacking of money, he managed to borrow money and bought the phone. = Though he lacked money, he managed to borrow money and bought the phone.虽然缺钱，他还是设法借钱买了手机。
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. = Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.虽然被告诫过好多次了，但他仍然重复犯同样的错误。
分考点3 独立成分作状语Point 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。
常从口音上判断，他是南方人。
Considering your health, you’d better have a rest.考虑到你的健康，你最好休息一下。
To tell you the truth, I’m a little tired.说实话，我有点累。
分考点4 独立主格结构作状语Point 1 独立主格结构的含义、特点及构成：含义：（1）独立主格结构的主语和句子的逻辑主语不同。
（2）独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。
（3）独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。
构成：（with/without）+n./ pron.+adj./ adv./ to do/ doing/ done/ 介词短语Point 2 名词/代词+非谓语动词Weather permitting, we will go swimming.如果天气允许，我们就去游泳。
Everything considered, the plan is better.把一切因素考虑在内的话，这项计划还算不错。
Point 3 with/ without +名词/代词+宾语补足语With all lights turned on, the building looks more beautiful.灯全亮的时候，大楼显得更婆罗门了。
He lay there thinking, with his hands behind his head.他双手放在头下，躺在那儿思考。
考点23 非谓语动词作定语的用法分考点1 不定式作定语。
Point 1 不定式作定语表示将来的动作。
I have a lot of things to do.我有许多事要做。
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.将在会议上被讨论的那个问题非常重要。
Point 2 不定式放在某些名词或代词后作定语。
如果做定语的不定式是不及物动词，其后要加介词。
I’m not sure which restaurant to eat at.我不确定要在哪家餐馆吃饭。
I have no room to live in. 我没有房子住。
He has no pan to write with. 他没有钢笔写字。
Point 3 不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。
He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到达学校，最后一个离校。
Point 4 被修饰词是抽象名词时，用不定式作定语。
常见的该类名词有:ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。
Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你具备读写英语的能力吗？I have no chance to go sightseeing.我没有机会外出观光。
【特别注意】不定式作定语时，若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者，则用主动形式表被动含义；若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者，则用被动形式。
She has a sister to look after.她有个妹妹需要照顾。
（she是look after的执行者）I want to go to Beijing. Do you have anything to be bought?我要去北京。