九型人格英文版
九型人格
和4号相处：
表达对四号的理解 聆听，尊重他的感觉 肯定他的独特 需要四号帮助时要主动提出
Type Five 5号 The Thinker 理智型
理智型
2014-12-4 22
5号快速扫描：
体态类型：瘦的偏多。 身体语言：防守式，双手交叉胸前，上身后倾，翘腿。 面部表情：喜怒不言于色，不拘言笑，反应不强烈，皱眉。 着装特点：简单，朴素。
优点： 缺点：
富于想象力和创造力
满腔热情、兴趣广泛 好奇心和求知欲强 迷人可爱 能同时处理很多工作
容易冲动、个性叛逆，不易 控制
做事没有重点 逃避主义倾向 反复无常、不负责任
乐观向上
思维敏捷
对负面评价反应过度
不喜欢循规蹈矩 爱给自己的错误找借口
对7号的建议：
目标要清晰
脚踏实地,专注于某一项计划,贯彻始终！
身体语言：行动快、急，大动作，不拘小节，昂首阔步， 自视甚高，目中无人，喜欢指手划脚教导别人。 面部表情：说话时直视对方，目光坚定而有威严。 着装特点：不一定。 语气语调：声音大、有底气，肯定，有他说没您说，直接到题。
常用词汇：（不客气、似在下命令）“喂，你......；为什么
不能？ 我告诉你......； 去……； 你跟我走”。 给人感觉：强悍、嚣张、霸道、有压迫感。
Type Seven 7号 The Enthusiast 活跃型
活跃型
2014-12-4
32
7号快速扫描：
体态类型：倾向偏胖，但活力充沛。
身体语言：神采飞扬，笑容亲切，行动敏捷，不断转动身体，坐立不安。
像一个长不大的小孩子，喜欢动、坐不住； 面部表情：目光明亮、机灵；大笑或不笑，很少微笑；
时有不屑的表情，有时瞪眼望人。
Enneagram九型人格英文版百科
The Enneagram (also sometimes called Enneagon) is a nine-pointed geometric figure. The term derives from two Greek words - ennea(nine) and grammos (something written or drawn).The introduction of the Enneagram figure is credited to , who introduced it in his teachings as a universal symbol which displays the fundamental cosmic laws. Gurdjieff did not disclose where the figure originally came from besides claiming that it was the emblem of secret societies.The Enneagram figure is now used for various purposes in a number of different teaching systems. In more recent years the figure has mostly come into prominence because of its use with what is often called the Enneagram of Personality. The fundamental concepts of the Enneagram of Personality are attributed to Oscar Ichazo.Enneagrams shown as sequential stellationsIn an enneagram is a regular nine-sided , using the same points as the regular but connected in fixed steps.It has two forms: {9/2} and {9/4} connecting every 2nd and every 4th points respectively. There is also a star figure, {9/3}, made from the regular enneagon points but connected as a compound of three equilateral trianglesThe modern use of the Enneagram figure is generally credited to and his teaching tradition. His teachings concerning the figure and what it represents does not have any direct connection to the later teachings by Oscar Ichazo and others concerning ego-fixations or personality types.The enneagram figure is a circle with nine points. Inscribed within the circle is a triangle taking in points 9, 3 and 6. The inscribed figure resembling a web links the other six points in a cyclic figure 1-4-2-8-5-7. The rules of the magic number can be applied to the enneagram's explanations of processes.According to Gurdjieff, the enneagram is the symbol of the "law of seven" and "the law of three" combined (the two fundamental laws which govern the universe), and therefore the enneagram can be used to describe any natural whole phenomenon, cosmos, process in life, or any other piece of knowledge.A basic example of the possible usage of the enneagram is that it can be used to illustrate Gurdjieff's concept of the evolution of the three types of ‘food’ necessary for a man: ordinary food, air and impressions. Each point on the enneagram in this case wouldrepresent the stage and the possibility of further evolution of food at a certain stage in the human body.Most processes on the enneagram are represented through octaves where the points serve as the notes; a concept which is derived from Gurdjieff’s idea of the law of seven. In a n octave the developing process comes to a critical point (one of the triangle points) at which help from outside is needed for it to rightly continue. This concept is best illustrated on the keys of the piano where every white key would represent an enneagram web point. The adjacent white keys which are missing a black key (half note) in between represent the enneagram web points which have a triangle point in between.In order that this point would pass onto the next, an external push is required.In the enneagram a process is depicted as going right around the circle beginning at 9 (the ending point of a previous process). The process can continue until it reaches point 3. At point three an external aid is needed in order that the process continues. If it doesn't receive the ‘help’, the process will stop evolving and will devolve back into the form from which it evolved. The process continues until point 6, and later 9, where a similar "push" is needed. If the process passes point 9, the initial process will end, while giving birth to a new one.The line of development associated with the Fourth Way developed from the writings of Gurdjieff's students - principally , , and . Theydeveloped Gurdjieff's ideas and left their own accounts. There is an extensive bibliography devoted to the Gurdjieff-Ouspensky tradition.A Gurdjieff foundation exists which claims an authority based on a line of succession directly through Mr Gurdjieff. The foundation preserves Gurdjieff's music and movements and continues its own work with the Enneagram figure.The enneagram as a structured process was studied by and his associates. Bennett showed how it applied to something as mundane as a restaurant as well as to something as spiritual as the Beatitudes. It is currently being used to explicate the idea of self-organization in management.The Enneagram of Personality is derived from (established in . Court 970 F.2d 1067, 1075. 2nd Circuit, 1992) partial understandings of the insights of Oscar Ichazo., the Bolivian-born founder of the (established in 1968). No evidence has appeared before Ichazo's offerings for using the Enneagram figure with concepts such as "ego fixations" or "personality types" or indeed in any way where each point is described in a way that can be viewed as a typology. All historical documentation of this kind of terminology appears only after Ichazo's original teachings.Ichazo claims that sometime in the 1950s he received insight into how certain mechanistic and repetitive thought and behavior patterns can be understood in connection with the Enneagram figureand with what he called Trialectic logic as part of a complete and integrated model of the human psyche. The purpose of Ichazo's teachings was to help people transcend their identification with - and the suffering caused by - their own mechanistic thought and behavior patterns.The theory was founded upon the basic premise that all life seeks to continue and perpetuate itself and the human psyche must follow the same common laws of reality as such. From this, Ichazo defined three basic human instincts for survival (Conservation, Relations and Adaptation) and two poles of attraction to self-perpetuation (Sexual and Spiritual). With a baseline of a psyche in a state of unity as a prototypical model, the Fixations were defined as aberrations from this baseline, much as the DSM is an observationally based tool for recognizing personality disorders. In fact, Ichazo has related the Fixations with the DSM categories to show that Fixations are the precursor to mental illness. Each Fixation is diagnosed from the particular experience of psychological trauma a child suffers when the child's expectations are not met in each respective Instinct. Since a child is completely self-centered in its expectations, it is inevitable that the child will experience disappointment of expectation viewed by the child as a matter of one of the three fundamental attitudes (attracted, unattracted or disinterested are the only possible attitudes), and thus experience trauma and begin to form mechanistic thought andbehavior patterns in an attempt to protect itself from experiencing a recurrence of the trauma.This basic, irrefutable understanding of three fundamental Instincts and three possible attitudes along with the understanding that a human being can be in a state of unity, analyzed with Trialectic logic forms a solid foundation upon which the theory of Fixations is based. As such, the theory of ego Fixations has a particular foundation which can be tested. The idea of "Personality Types" is an invention of intuition without any particular foundation beyond the theory of ego Fixations, and as such can be interpreted to mean whatever any of the Enneagram of Personality proponents chooses it to mean whenever they choose to so interpret it. Thus we understand why there is no specific, solid agreement among the various proponents of "Personality" as something objective and anything more than a proposition to obfuscate human suffering.By understanding one's Fixations and through self observation, the hold on the mind, and suffering caused by the Fixations, is reduced and even transcended. There was never an intention or purpose in Ichazo's original work to use this knowledge to reinforce or manipulate what is essentially a source of human suffering. Therefore almost all later interpretations of the Enneagram of Personality are viewed by Ichazo as unfounded and therefore misguided and psychologically harmful as well as spirituallyharmful (in the sense of coming to see one's process as such) in light of his original intentions. In other words, the Enneagram Movement can be considered, in most cases, to actually be promoting the strengthening of the basis for the personality disorders we find expositions of in the DSM.From the 1970s Ichazo's partial and misunderstood Enneagram teachings were adapted and developed by a number of others, first by the Chilean-born psychiatrist, , who was a member of a training program in Arica, Chile with Ichazo for some months in 1969. Naranjo taught his understanding of the Enneagram of Personality to a number of his American students, including some Jesuit priests who then taught it to seminarians.It is believed by Enneagram theorists that the points of the Enneagram figure indicate a number of ways in which nine principal ego-archetypal forms or types of human personality (also often called "Enneatypes") are psychologically connected. These nine types are often given names that indicate some of their more distinctively typical characteristics. Such names are insufficient to capture the complexities and nuances of the types which require study and observation to understand in depth.Some brief descriptions of the Enneatypes are as follows:: Reformer, Critic, Perfectionist- This type focuses on integrity. Ones can be wise, discerning and inspiring in their quest for thetruth. They also tend to dissociate themselves from their flaws or what they believe are flaws (such as negative emotions) and can become hypocritical and hyper-critical of others, seeking the illusion of virtue to hide their own vices. The One's greatest fear is to be flawed and their ultimate goal is perfection. The corresponding "deadly sin" Ones is Anger and their "holy idea" or essence is Holy Perfection. Under stress Ones express qualities of Fours and when relaxed qualities of Sevens.: Helper, Giver, Caretaker- Twos, at their best, are compassionate, thoughtful and astonishingly generous; they can also be prone to behavior, clinginess and manipulation. Twos want, above all, to be loved and needed and fear being unworthy of love. The corresponding "deadly sin" of Twos is Pride and their "holy idea" or essence is Holy Will. Under stress Twos express qualities of Eights and when relaxed qualities of Fours.: Achiever, Performer, Succeeder- Highly adaptable and changeable. Some walk the world with confidence and unstinting authenticity; others wear a series of public masks, acting the way they think will bring them approval and losing track of their true self. Threes are motivated by the need to succeed and to be seen as successful. The corresponding "deadly sin" of Threes is Deceit and their "holy idea" or essence is Holy Law. Under stress Threes express qualities of Nines and when relaxed qualities of Sixes.: Romantic, Individualist, Artist- Driven by a desire to understand themselves and find a place in the world they often fear that they have no identity or personal significance. Fours embrace individualism and are often profoundly creative and intuitive. However, they have a habit of withdrawing to internalize, searching desperately inside themselves for something they never find and creating a spiral of depression. The corresponding "deadly sin" of Fours is Envy and their "holy idea" or essence is Holy Origin. Under stress Fours express qualities of Twos and when relaxed qualities of Ones.: Observer, Thinker, Investigator - Fives are motivated by the desire to understand the world around them, specifically in terms of facts. Believing they are only worth what they contribute, Fives have learned to withdraw, to watch with keen eyes and speak only when they can shake the world with their observations. Sometimes they do just that. However, some Fives are known to withdraw from the world, becoming reclusive hermits and fending off social contact with abrasive cynicism. Fives fear incompetency or uselessness and want to be capable and knowledgeable above all else. The corresponding "deadly sin" of the Five is and their "holy idea" or essence is Holy Omniscience. Under stress Fives express qualities of Sevens and when relaxed qualities of Eights.: Loyalist, Devil's Advocate, Defender - Sixes long for stability above all else. They exhibit unwavering loyalty and responsibility,but once betrayed, they are slow to trust again. They are prone to extreme anxiety and behavior. Their greatest fear is to lack support and guidance. The corresponding "deadly sin" of the Six is Cowardice and their "holy idea" or essence is Holy Faith and Strength. Under stress Sixes express qualities of Threes and when relaxed qualities of Nines. There are two kinds of Sixes - phobic and counterphobic. Phobic Sixes have a tendency to run or hide from things they fear while counterphobic Sixes are more likely to confront their fears.: Enthusiast, Adventurer, Materialist, Epicure - Sevens are adventurous, and busy with many activities with all the energy and enthusiasm of the . At their best they embrace life for its varied joys and wonders and truly live in the moment; but at their worst they dash frantically from one new experience to another, too scared of disappointment to actually enjoy themselves. Sevens fear being unable to provide for themselves or to experience life in all of its richness. The corresponding "deadly sin" of Sevens is Gluttony and their "holy idea" or essence is Holy Wisdom". Under stress Sevens express qualities of Ones and when relaxed qualities of Fives.: Leader, Protector, Challenger - Eights value personal strength and they desire to be powerful and in control. They concern themselves with self-preservation. They are natural leaders, who can be either friendly and charitable or dictatorially manipulative, ruthless, and willing to destroy anything in their way. Eights seekcontrol over their own lives and destinies, and fear being harmed or controlled by others. The corresponding "deadly sin" of the Eight is Lust and their "holy idea" or essence is Holy Truth. Under stress Eights express qualities of Fives and when relaxed qualities of Twos.: Mediator, Peacemaker, Preservationist - Nines are ruled by their empathy. At their best they are perceptive, receptive, gentle, calming and at peace with the world. On the other hand, they prefer to dissociate from conflicts; they indifferently go along with others' wishes, or simply withdraw, acting via inaction. They fear the conflict caused by their ability to simultaneously understand opposing points of view and seek peace of mind above all else. The corresponding "deadly sin" of the Nine is Sloth and their "holy idea" or essence is Holy Love. Under stress Nines express qualities of Sixes and when relaxed qualities of Threes.Whilst a person's Enneatype is determined by only one of theego-fixations, their personality characteristics are also influenced and modified in different ways by all of the other eight fixations as well.Most Enneagram teachers and theorists believe that one of the principal kinds of influence and modification come from the two points on either side of their Enneatype. These two points are known as the 'Wings'.Observation seems to indicate, for example, that Ones will tend to manifest some characteristics of both Nines and Twos. Some Enneagram theorists believe that one of the Wings will always have a more dominant influence on an individual's personality, while others believe that either Wing can be dominant at any particular time depending on the person's circumstances and development.This aspect of Enneagram theory was originally suggested by Claudio Naranjo and then further developed by some of the Jesuit teachers. The lines of the triangle and hexagon are believed to indicate psychological dynamics between the points connected depending on whether a person is in a more stressed or secure and relaxed state. Therefore the connecting points on the lines are usually called the 'Stress Points' and 'Security Points'. In Don Riso's teachings these lines are also called the 'Directions of Integration' and the'Directions of Disintegration' as he believes that the security points also indicates the 'direction' towards greater psychological wellbeing and the stress points towards psychological breakdown. The more traditional understanding of the stress and security points is that when people are in a more secure or relaxed state they will tend to express aspects of the 'security' or 'integration' type associated with their main type and aspects of the other direction when stressed. Relaxed or secure Ones, for instance, will tend to manifest some more positive aspects of the Seven personality type, Ones tending to be highly self-inhibitory whereas Sevens givethemselves permission to enjoy the moment. On the other hand, stressed Ones will express some more negative aspects of the Four personality, particularly the obsessive introspection; they also share a certain amount of self-loathing and self-inhibition. Another emerging belief about these connections between points is that people may access and express the positive and negative aspects of both points depending on their particular circumstances.The connecting points are often indicated on Enneagram figures by the use of arrows and are sometimes also called 'Arrow Points'. The sequence of stress points is 1-4-2-8-5-7-1 for the hexagon and 9-6-3-9 for the triangle. The security points sequence is in the opposite direction ( and 9-3-6-9). These sequences are found in the repeating decimals resulting from division by 7 and 3, respectively, both of those numbers being important to 's system. (1/7 = ...; 1/3 = ..., 2/3 = ..., 3/3 = ...).Each type also has three main instinctual subtypes - theSelf-Preservation, Sexual and Social subtypes. Because each point is different, it may be perceived as having a tendency toward one subtype or another. It requires keen observation and understanding to discover a person's tendency toward a particular subtype.Self-Preservation subtypes pay most attention to physical survival needs.Sexual subtypes focus most on intimacy and one-to-onerelationships.Social subtypes care most about others, in groups andcommunities.These are very similar to the "need areas" of the -B instrument, called "Inclusion" "Control" and "Affection", except that the score in each area carries equal weight in the person's overal personality, and there is no "tendency" towards one or another.The Enneagram types have also been mapped to 's "Three Trends" (Moving Towards, Against, Away from), in two dimensions of "Surface Direction" and "Deep Direction" (which also roughly parallel FIRO's "Expressed" and "Wanted" behavior). Each type on the surface moves one way, but underneath can move a different way. This then determines their behavior and its motivations.SurfaceDirection→Deep Direction↓— Against(confronting)0 Away(withdrawing)+ Towards(embracing)+ Towards(ApprovalSeeking)3960 Away(Ideal147Seven of the Enneagram types can be correlated with thetraditional . Two additional 'sins', 'deceit' and 'fear', are also included.One – , as the frustration that comes from Ones working hard to do things right while the rest of the world doesn't care about doing things right and not appreciating the sacrifices and efforts Ones have made.Two – , as self-inflation of the ego, in the sense of Twos seeing themselves as indispensable to others and to having no needs whilst also being needed by others.Three – , in the misrepresentation of self by marketing and presenting an image valued by others rather than presenting an authentic self.Four – of someone else reminds Fours that they can never be what another person is, reawakening their sense ofself-defectiveness.Five – , as the hoarding of resources in an attempt to minimize their needs in the face of a world that takes more than it gives; thus isolating Fives from the world.Seeking)— Against(PowerSeeking)8 5 2Six –, often in the form of a generalized anxiety that can't find an actual source of fear. Sixes may wrongly identify a source of fear through projection, possibly seeing enemies and dangers where there are none.Seven – , not in the sense of eating too much but, rather, of sampling everything the world has to offer (breadth) and not taking the time for richer experience (depth).Eight – , in the sense of wanting more of what Eights find stimulating, to a point beyond which most people would feel overwhelmed and stop.Nine – , or laziness in discovering a personal agenda and instead choosing the less problematic strategy of just going along with other people's agendas.Because of differences among teachers in their understanding of the personality characteristics of the nine types and more theoretical aspects of Enneagram dynamics some skeptics argue that more research needs to be done to test the Enneagram as an empirically valid typology.While some believe that does not support the Enneagram's validity (especially regarding the concepts of Wings and the Stress and Security Points), others believe that because of its complex and 'spiritual' nature the Enneagram typology cannot be accurately evaluated by conventional empirical methods.Recently published research (2005) based on a type indicator questionnaire developed by Don Riso and Russ Hudson claims to have demonstrated that the nine Enneagram types are "real and objective". Katherine Chernick Fauvre also claims to have statistically validated research that indicates that the three Instinctual Subtypes are real and objective.Concerning the brain, at least three different models have been proposed for identifying a basis for the Enneagram in neuroscience: Asymmetry in PFC and amygdala activityTriune brainDifferential neurotransmitter activityConcerning the first brain model, a partially finished book entitled "" was posted for free download in December 2005. This book, written by a self-described "hacker", presents a model for linking the Enneagram to the current findings of neuroscience regarding (PFC) and asymmetry.Concerning the second brain model, offers a different theory on the neuroscience of Enneagram. This article was originally published in the October 2000 issue of the and links the Enneagram with Paul MacLean's theory.In his 1996 book The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life (at pages 92-103 of the paperback version), neuroscientist rejected McLean's triune brain model to the extentthat this model limits emotional functions to what McLean called the "". LeDoux explains that emotional functions are not limited to the limbic system . areas of the also play various roles); conversely, the limbic system is not limited to emotional functions . that area also processes certain functions). If LeDoux's criticisms of the triune brain theory are correct this would obviate this second model as a useful basis for the Enneagram in neuroscience.Concerning the third brain model, the paper offers a theory that the different Enneagram types derive from different activity levels of the neurotransmitters , , and .Some psychologists and researchers regard the Enneagram as a that uses an essentially arbitrary set of personality dimensions to make its characterizations. Such critics assert that claims for the Enneagram's validity cannot be verified using the empirical as they lack and cannot be disproven. In this respect, the Enneagram is not considered to be any different from many other typological models, such as that of on which the is based.The Pontifical Council for Culture and the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue of the have also expressed concerns about the Enneagram when it is used in a religious context, because it is claimed that it "introduces an ambiguity in the doctrine and the life of the Christian faith".Some critics suspect that the claims for the Enneagram's validity may be attributed to the , the tendency for people to believe a supposedly tailored description of themselves even when the description has been worded in very broad terms.。
Enneagram九型人格英文百科
The Enneagram (also sometimes called Enneagon) is a nine-pointed geometric figure. The term derives from two Greek words - ennea (nine) and grammos (something written or drawn).The introduction of the Enneagram figure is credited to G.I. Gurdjieff, who introduced it in his teachings as a universal symbol which displays the fundamental cosmic laws. Gurdjieff did not disclose where the figure originally came from besides claiming that it was the emblem of secret societies.The Enneagram figure is now used for various purposes in a number of different teaching systems. In more recent years the figure has mostly come into prominence because of its use with what is often called the Enneagram of Personality. The fundamental concepts of the Enneagram of Personality are attributed to Oscar Ichazo.Enneagrams shown as sequential stellationsIn geometry an enneagram is a regular nine-sided star polygon, using the same points as the regular enneagon but connected in fixed steps.It has two forms: {9/2} and {9/4} connecting every 2nd and every 4th points respectively. There is also a star figure, {9/3}, made from the regular enneagon points but connected as a compound of three equilateral trianglesThe modern use of the Enneagram figure is generally credited to G.I. Gurdjieff and his Fourth Way teaching tradition. His teachings concerning the figure and what it represents does not have any direct connection to the later teachings by Oscar Ichazo and others concerningego-fixations or personality types.The enneagram figure is a circle with nine points. Inscribed within the circle is a triangle taking in points 9, 3 and 6. The inscribed figure resembling a web links the other six points in a cyclic figure 1-4-2-8-5-7. The rules of the magic number 142857 can be applied to the enneagram's explanations of processes.According to Gurdjieff, the enneagram is the symbol of the "law of seven" and "the law of three" combined (the two fundamental laws which govern the universe), and therefore theenneagram can be used to describe any natural whole phenomenon, cosmos, process in life, or any other piece of knowledge.A basic example of the possible usage of the enneagram is that it can be used to illustrateGurdjieff's concept of the evolution of the three types of ‘food’ necessary for a man: ordinary food, air and impressions. Each point on the enneagram in this case would represent the stage and the possibility of further evolution of food at a certain stage in the human body.Most processes on the enneagram are represented through octaves where the points serve as the notes; a concept which is derived from Gurdjieff’s idea of the law of seven. In an octave the developing process comes to a critical point (one of the triangle points) at which help fromoutside is needed for it to rightly continue. This concept is best illustrated on the keys of the piano where every white key would represent an enneagram web point. The adjacent white keys which are missing a black key (half note) in between represent the enneagram webpoints which have a triangle point in between. In order that this point would pass onto the next, an external push is required.In the enneagram a process is depicted as going right around the circle beginning at 9 (the ending point of a previous process). The process can continue until it reaches point 3. At point three an external aid is needed in order that the process continues. If it doesn't receive the ‘help’, the process will stop evolving and will devolve back into the form from which it evolved. The process continues until point 6, and later 9, where a similar "push" is needed. If the process passes point 9, the initial process will end, while giving birth to a new one.The line of development associated with the Fourth Way developed from the writings ofGurdjieff's students - principally P.D. Ouspensky, Maurice Nicoll, J.G. Bennett and Rodney Collin. They developed Gurdjieff's ideas and left their own accounts. There is an extensive bibliography devoted to the Gurdjieff-Ouspensky tradition.A Gurdjieff foundation exists which claims an authority based on a line of succession directlythrough Mr Gurdjieff. The foundation preserves Gurdjieff's music and movements andcontinues its own work with the Enneagram figure.The enneagram as a structured process was studied by John G. Bennett and his associates.Bennett showed how it applied to something as mundane as a restaurant as well as tosomething as spiritual as the Beatitudes. It is currently being used to explicate the idea ofself-organization in management.The Enneagram of Personality is derived from (established in U.S. Court 970 F.2d 1067, 1075.2nd Circuit, 1992) partial understandings of the insights of Oscar Ichazo., the Bolivian-born founder of the Arica School (established in 1968). No evidence has appeared before Ichazo's offerings for using the Enneagram figure with concepts such as "ego fixations" or "personality types" or indeed in any way where each point is described in a way that can be viewed as a typology. All historical documentation of this kind of terminology appears only after Ichazo's original teachings.Ichazo claims that sometime in the 1950s he received insight into how certain mechanistic and repetitive thought and behavior patterns can be understood in connection with the Enneagram figure and with what he called Trialectic logic as part of a complete and integrated model of the human psyche. The purpose of Ichazo's teachings was to help people transcend their identification with - and the suffering caused by - their own mechanistic thought and behavior patterns.The theory was founded upon the basic premise that all life seeks to continue and perpetuate itself and the human psyche must follow the same common laws of reality as such. From this, Ichazo defined three basic human instincts for survival (Conservation, Relations and Adaptation) and two poles of attraction to self-perpetuation (Sexual and Spiritual). With a baseline of a psyche in a state of unity as a prototypical model, the Fixations were defined as aberrations from this baseline, much as the DSM is an observationally based tool for recognizing personality disorders. In fact, Ichazo has related the Fixations with the DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders categories to show that Fixations are the precursor to mental illness. Each Fixation is diagnosed from the particular experience of psychological trauma a child suffers when the child's expectations are not met in each respective Instinct. Since a child is completely self-centered in its expectations, it is inevitable that the child will experience disappointment of expectation viewed by the child as a matter of one of the three fundamental attitudes (attracted, unattracted or disinterested are the only possible attitudes), and thus experience trauma and begin to form mechanistic thought and behavior patterns in an attempt to protect itself from experiencing a recurrence of the trauma. This basic, irrefutable understanding of three fundamental Instincts and three possible attitudes along with the understanding that a human being can be in a state of unity, analyzed with Trialectic logic forms a solid foundation upon which the theory of Fixations is based. As such, the theory of ego Fixations has a particular foundation which can be tested. The idea of "Personality Types" is an invention of intuition without any particular foundation beyond the theory of ego Fixations, and as such can be interpreted to mean whatever any of the Enneagram of Personality proponents chooses it to mean whenever they choose to so interpret it. Thus we understand why there is no specific, solid agreement among the various proponents of "Personality" as something objective and anything more than a proposition to obfuscate human suffering.By understanding one's Fixations and through self observation, the hold on the mind, and suffering caused by the Fixations, is reduced and even transcended. There was never an intention or purpose in Ichazo's original work to use this knowledge to reinforce or manipulate what is essentially a source of human suffering. Therefore almost all later interpretations of the Enneagram of Personality are viewed by Ichazo as unfounded and therefore misguided and psychologically harmful as well as spiritually harmful (in the sense of coming to see one's process as such) in light of his original intentions. In other words, the Enneagram Movement can be considered, in most cases, to actually be promoting the strengthening of the basis for the personality disorders we find expositions of in the DSM.From the 1970s Ichazo's partial and misunderstood Enneagram teachings were adapted and developed by a number of others, first by the Chilean-born psychiatrist, Claudio Naranjo, who was a member of a training program in Arica, Chile with Ichazo for some months in 1969. Naranjo taught his understanding of the Enneagram of Personality to a number of his American students, including some Jesuit priests who then taught it to seminarians.It is believed by Enneagram theorists that the points of the Enneagram figure indicate a number of ways in which nine principal ego-archetypal forms or types of human personality (also often called "Enneatypes") are psychologically connected. These nine types are often given names that indicate some of their more distinctively typical characteristics. Such names are insufficient to capture the complexities and nuances of the types which require study and observation to understand in depth.Some brief descriptions of the Enneatypes are as follows:One: Reformer, Critic, Perfectionist - This type focuses on integrity. Ones can be wise, discerning and inspiring in their quest for the truth. They also tend to dissociate themselves from their flaws or what they believe are flaws (such as negative emotions) and can become hypocritical and hyper-critical of others, seeking the illusion of virtue to hide their own vices. The One's greatest fear is to be flawed and their ultimate goal is perfection. The corresponding "deadly sin" Ones is Anger and their "holy idea" or essence is Holy Perfection. Under stress Ones express qualities of Fours and when relaxed qualities of Sevens.Two: Helper, Giver, Caretaker - Twos, at their best, are compassionate, thoughtful and astonishingly generous; they can also be prone to passive-aggressive behavior, clinginess and manipulation. Twos want, above all, to be loved and needed and fear being unworthy of love. The corresponding "deadly sin" of Twos is Pride and their "holy idea" or essence is Holy Will. Under stress Twos express qualities of Eights and when relaxed qualities of Fours.Three: Achiever, Performer, Succeeder - Highly adaptable and changeable. Some walk the world with confidence and unstinting authenticity; others wear a series of public masks, acting the way they think will bring them approval and losing track of their true self. Threes are motivated by the need to succeed and to be seen as successful. The corresponding "deadly sin" of Threes is Deceit and their "holy idea" or essence is Holy Law. Under stress Threes express qualities of Nines and when relaxed qualities of Sixes.Four: Romantic, Individualist, Artist - Driven by a desire to understand themselves and find a place in the world they often fear that they have no identity or personal significance. Fours embrace individualism and are often profoundly creative and intuitive. However, they have a habit of withdrawing to internalize, searching desperately inside themselves for something they never find and creating a spiral of depression. The corresponding "deadly sin" of Fours is Envy and their "holy idea" or essence is Holy Origin. Under stress Fours express qualities of Twos and when relaxed qualities of Ones.Five: Observer, Thinker, Investigator - Fives are motivated by the desire to understand the world around them, specifically in terms of facts. Believing they are only worth what they contribute, Fives have learned to withdraw, to watch with keen eyes and speak only when theycan shake the world with their observations. Sometimes they do just that. However, some Fives are known to withdraw from the world, becoming reclusive hermits and fending off social contact with abrasive cynicism. Fives fear incompetency or uselessness and want to be capable and knowledgeable above all else. The corresponding "deadly sin" of the Five is Avarice and their "holy idea" or essence is Holy Omniscience. Under stress Fives express qualities of Sevens and when relaxed qualities of Eights.Six: Loyalist, Devil's Advocate, Defender - Sixes long for stability above all else. They exhibit unwavering loyalty and responsibility, but once betrayed, they are slow to trust again. They are prone to extreme anxiety and passive-aggressive behavior. Their greatest fear is to lack support and guidance. The corresponding "deadly sin" of the Six is Cowardice and their "holy idea" or essence is Holy Faith and Strength. Under stress Sixes express qualities of Threes and when relaxed qualities of Nines. There are two kinds of Sixes - phobic and counterphobic. Phobic Sixes have a tendency to run or hide from things they fear while counterphobic Sixes are more likely to confront their fears.Seven: Enthusiast, Adventurer, Materialist, Epicure - Sevens are adventurous, and busy with many activities with all the energy and enthusiasm of the Puer Aeternus. At their best they embrace life for its varied joys and wonders and truly live in the moment; but at their worst they dash frantically from one new experience to another, too scared of disappointment to actually enjoy themselves. Sevens fear being unable to provide for themselves or to experience life in all of its richness. The corresponding "deadly sin" of Sevens is Gluttony and their "holy idea" or essence is Holy Wisdom". Under stress Sevens express qualities of Ones and when relaxed qualities of Fives.Eight: Leader, Protector, Challenger - Eights value personal strength and they desire to be powerful and in control. They concern themselves with self-preservation. They are natural leaders, who can be either friendly and charitable or dictatorially manipulative, ruthless, and willing to destroy anything in their way. Eights seek control over their own lives and destinies, and fear being harmed or controlled by others. The corresponding "deadly sin" of the Eight is Lust and their "holy idea" or essence is Holy Truth. Under stress Eights express qualities of Fives and when relaxed qualities of Twos.Nine: Mediator, Peacemaker, Preservationist - Nines are ruled by their empathy. At their best they are perceptive, receptive, gentle, calming and at peace with the world. On the other hand, they prefer to dissociate from conflicts; they indifferently go along with others' wishes, or simply withdraw, acting via inaction. They fear the conflict caused by their ability to simultaneously understand opposing points of view and seek peace of mind above all else. The corresponding "deadly sin" of the Nine is Sloth and their "holy idea" or essence is Holy Love. Under stress Nines express qualities of Sixes and when relaxed qualities of Threes.Whilst a person's Enneatype is determined by only one of the ego-fixations, their personality characteristics are also influenced and modified in different ways by all of the other eight fixations as well.Most Enneagram teachers and theorists believe that one of the principal kinds of influence and modification come from the two points on either side of their Enneatype. These two points are known as the 'Wings'.Observation seems to indicate, for example, that Ones will tend to manifest some characteristics of both Nines and Twos. Some Enneagram theorists believe that one of the Wings will always have a more dominant influence on an individual's personality, while others believe that either Wing can be dominant at any particular time depending on the person's circumstances and development.This aspect of Enneagram theory was originally suggested by Claudio Naranjo and then further developed by some of the Jesuit teachers.The lines of the triangle and hexagon are believed to indicate psychological dynamics between the points connected depending on whether a person is in a more stressed or secure and relaxed state. Therefore the connecting points on the lines are usually called the 'Stress Points' and 'Security Points'. In Don Riso's teachings these lines are also called the 'Directions of Integration' and the 'Directions of Disintegration' as he believes that the security points also indicates the 'direction' towards greater psychological wellbeing and the stress points towards psychological breakdown.The more traditional understanding of the stress and security points is that when people are in a more secure or relaxed state they will tend to express aspects of the 'security' or 'integration' type associated with their main type and aspects of the other direction when stressed. Relaxed or secure Ones, for instance, will tend to manifest some more positive aspects of the Seven personality type, Ones tending to be highly self-inhibitory whereas Sevens give themselves permission to enjoy the moment. On the other hand, stressed Ones will express some more negative aspects of the Four personality, particularly the obsessive introspection; they also share a certain amount of self-loathing and self-inhibition.Another emerging belief about these connections between points is that people may access and express the positive and negative aspects of both points depending on their particular circumstances.The connecting points are often indicated on Enneagram figures by the use of arrows and are sometimes also called 'Arrow Points'. The sequence of stress points is 1-4-2-8-5-7-1 for the hexagon and 9-6-3-9 for the triangle. The security points sequence is in the opposite direction (1-7-5-8-2-4-1 and 9-3-6-9). These sequences are found in the repeating decimals resulting from division by 7 and 3, respectively, both of those numbers being important to Gurdjieff's system. (1/7 = 0.1428571...; 1/3 = 0.3333..., 2/3 = 0.6666..., 3/3 = 0.9999...).Each type also has three main instinctual subtypes - the Self-Preservation, Sexual and Social subtypes. Because each point is different, it may be perceived as having a tendency toward one subtype or another. It requires keen observation and understanding to discover a person's tendency toward a particular subtype.▪Self-Preservation subtypes pay most attention to physical survival needs.▪Sexual subtypes focus most on intimacy and one-to-one relationships.▪Social subtypes care most about others, in groups and communities.▪One –Anger, as the frustration that comes from Ones working hard to do things right while the rest of the world doesn't care about doing things right and not appreciating the sacrifices and efforts Ones have made.▪Two –Pride, as self-inflation of the ego, in the sense of Twos seeing themselves as indispensable to others and to having no needs whilst also being needed by others.▪Three –Deceit, in the misrepresentation of self by marketing and presenting an image valued by others rather than presenting an authentic self.▪Four –Envy of someone else reminds Fours that they can never be what another person is, reawakening their sense of self-defectiveness.▪Five –Avarice, as the hoarding of resources in an attempt to minimize their needs in the face of a world that takes more than it gives; thus isolating Fives from the world.▪Six –Fear, often in the form of a generalized anxiety that can't find an actual source of fear. Sixes may wrongly identify a source of fear through projection, possibly seeing enemies and dangers where there are none.▪Seven –Gluttony, not in the sense of eating too much but, rather, of sampling everything the world has to offer (breadth) and not taking the time for richer experience (depth).▪Eight –Lust, in the sense of wanting more of what Eights find stimulating, to a point beyond which most people would feel overwhelmed and stop.▪Nine –Sloth, or laziness in discovering a personal agenda and instead choosing the less problematic strategy of just going along with other people's agendas.Because of differences among teachers in their understanding of the personality characteristics of the nine types and more theoretical aspects of Enneagram dynamics some skeptics argue that more research needs to be done to test the Enneagram as an empirically valid typology.While some believe that current research does not support the Enneagram's validity (especially regarding the concepts of Wings and the Stress and Security Points), others believe that because of its complex and 'spiritual' nature the Enneagram typology cannot be accurately evaluated by conventional empirical methods.Recently published research (2005) based on a type indicator questionnaire developed by Don Riso and Russ Hudson [3] claims to have demonstrated that the nine Enneagram types are "real and objective". Katherine Chernick Fauvre also claims to have statistically validated research that indicates that the three Instinctual Subtypes are real and objective.[citation needed] Concerning the brain, at least three different models have been proposed for identifying a basis for the Enneagram in neuroscience:▪Asymmetry in PFC and amygdala activity▪Triune brain▪Differential neurotransmitter activityConcerning the first brain model, a partially finished book entitled "Personality and the Brain" was posted for free download in December 2005. This book, written by a self-described "hacker", presents a model for linking the Enneagram to the current findings of neuroscience regarding prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala asymmetry.Concerning the second brain model, The Enneagram and the Triune Brain offers a different theory on the neuroscience of Enneagram. This article was originally published in the October 2000 issue of the Enneagram Monthly and links the Enneagram with Paul MacLean's triune brain theory.In his 1996 book The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life (at pages 92-103 of the paperback version), neuroscientist Joseph LeDoux rejected McLean's triune brain model to the extent that this model limits emotional functions to what McLean called the "limbic system". LeDoux explains that emotional functions are not limited to the limbic system (e.g. areas of the neocortex also play various roles); conversely, the limbic system is not limited to emotional functions (e.g. that area also processes certain cognitive functions). If LeDoux's criticisms of the triune brain theory are correct this would obviate this second model as a useful basis for the Enneagram in neuroscience.Concerning the third brain model, the paper The Enneagram and Brain Chemistry offers a theory that the different Enneagram types derive from different activity levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.Some psychologists and researchers regard the Enneagram as a pseudoscience that uses an essentially arbitrary set of personality dimensions to make its characterizations. Such critics assert that claims for the Enneagram's validity cannot be verified using the empirical scientific method as they lack falsifiability and cannot be disproven. In this respect, the Enneagram is not considered to be any different from many other typological models, such as that of Carl Gustav Jung on which the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is based.The Pontifical Council for Culture and the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue of the Roman Catholic Church have also expressed concerns about the Enneagram when it is used in a religious context, because it is claimed that it "introduces an ambiguity in the doctrine and the life of the Christian faith". [4]Some critics suspect that the claims for the Enneagram's validity may be attributed to the Forer effect, the tendency for people to believe a supposedly tailored description of themselves even when the description has been worded in very broad terms.。
九型人格测试(RHETI版)英文版(英语版)
The Riso-Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator (RHETI) is a scientifically validated forced-choice personality test with 144 paired statements. The test takes about 40 minutes to complete.Read each numbered pair of statements carefully. There are no right or wrong answers. For each pair of statements, mark with one of the statement most like you. Leave the other statement blank. Your scores will be computed automatically. Do not skip any statement pair. For greatest accuracy, your grand total should be equal to 144.1.A. I have been romantic and imaginative.B. I have been pragmatic and down to earth.2.A. I have tended to take on confrontations.B. I have tended to avoid confrontations.3.A. I have typically been diplomatic, charming, and ambitious.B. I have typically been direct, formal and idealistic.4.A. I have tended to be focused and intense.B. I have tended to be spontaneous and fun-loving.5.A. I have been a hospitable person and have enjoyed welcoming new friends into my life.B. I have been a private person and have not mixed much with others.6.A. It's been difficult for me to relax and stop worrying about potential problems.B. It's been difficult for me to get myself worked up about potential problems.7.A. I've been more of a "street-smart" survivor.B. I've been more of a "high minded" idealist.8.A. I have needed to show affection to people.B. I have preferred to maintain some distance with people.9.A. When presented with a new experience, I've usually asked myself if it would be useful to me.B. When presented with a new experience, I've usually asked myself if it would be enjoyable.10.A. I have tended to focus too much on myself.B. I have tended to focus too much on others.11.A. Others have depended on my insight and knowledge.B. Others have depended on my strength and decisiveness.12.A. I have come across as being too unsure of myself.B. I have come across as being too sure of myself.13.A. I have been more relationship-oriented than goal-oriented.B. I have been more goal-oriented than relationship-oriented.14.A. I have not been able to speak up for myself very well.B. I have been outspoken -- I have said what others wished they had the nerve to say.15.A. It's been difficult for me to stop considering alternatives and do something definite.B. It's been difficult for me to take it easy and be more flexible.16.A. I have tended to be careful and hesitant.B. I have tended to be bold and domineering.17.A. My reluctance to get involved has gotten me in trouble with people.B. My eagerness to have people depend on me has gotten me into trouble with them.18.A. Usually, I have been able to put my feelings aside to get the job done.B. Usually, I have needed to work through my feelings before I could act.19.A. Generally, I've been methodical and cautious.B. Generally, I've been adventurous and taken risks.20.A. I have tended to be a supportive, giving person who seeks intimacy with others.B. I have tended to be a serious, reserved person who likes discussing issues.21.A. I've often felt the need to be a "pillar of strength".B. I have often felt the need to perform perfectly.A. I've typically been interested in asking tough questions and maintaining my independence.B. I've typically been interested in maintaining my stability and peace of mind.23.A. I've been a bit cynical and skeptical.B. I've been a bit mushy and sentimental.24.A. I've often worried that I'm missing out on something better.B. I've often worried that if I let down my guard, someone will take advantage of me.25.A. My habit of being "stand-offish" has annoyed people.B. My habit of telling people what to do has annoyed people.26.A. I have tended to get anxious if there was too much excitement and stimulation.B. I have tended to get anxious if there wasn't enough excitement and stimulation.27.A. I have depended on my friends & they have known that they can depend on me.B. I have not depended on people; I have done things on my own.28.A. I have tended to be detached and preoccupied.B. I have tended to be moody and self-absorbed.A. I have liked to challenge people and "shake them up".B. I have liked to comfort people and calm them down.30.A. I have generally been an outgoing, sociable person.B. I have generally been an earnest, self-disciplined person.31.A. I've wanted to "fit in" with others -- I get uncomfortable when I stand out too much.B. I've wanted to standout from others -- I get uncomfortable when I don't distinguish myself.32.A. Pursuing my personal interests has been more important to me than having stability and security.B. Having stability and security has been more important to me than pursuing my personal interests.33.A. When I've had conflicts with others, I've tended to withdraw.B. When I've had conflicts with others, I've rarely backed down.34.A. I have given in too easily and let others push me around.B. I've been too uncompromising and demanding with others.35.A. I've been appreciated for my unsinkable spirit and resourcefulness.B. I've been appreciated for my deep caring and personal warmth.A. I have wanted to make a favorable impression on others.B. I have cared little about making a favorable impression on others.37.A. I've depended on my perseverance and common sense.B. I've depended on my imagination and moments of inspiration.38.A. Basically, I have been easy-going and agreeable.B. Basically, I have been hard-driving and assertive.39.A. I have worked hard to be accepted and well-liked.B.Being accepted and well-liked has not been a high priority for me.40.A. In reaction to pressure from others, I have become more withdrawn.B. In reaction to pressure from others, I have become more assertive.41.A. People have been interested in me because I've been outgoing, engaging, and interested in them.B. People have been interested in me because I've been quiet, unusual, and deep.42.A. Duty and responsibility have been important values for me.B. Harmony and acceptance have been important values for me.43.A. I've tried to motivate people by making big plans and big promises.B. I've tried to motivate people by pointing out the consequences of not following my advice.44.A. I have seldom been emotionally demonstrative.B. I have often been emotionally demonstrative.45.A. Dealing with details has not been one of my strong suits.B. I have excelled at dealing with details.46.A. I have often emphasized how different I am from most people, especially my family.B. I have often emphasized how much I have in common with most people, especially my family.47.A. When situations have gotten heated, I have tended to stay on the sidelines.B. When situations have gotten heated, I have tended to get right into the middle of things.48.A. I have stood by my friends, even when they have been wrong.B. I have not wanted to compromise what is right even for friendship.49.A. I've been a well-meaning supporter.B. I've been a highly-motivated go-getter.50.A. When troubled, I have tended to brood about my problems.B. When troubled, I have tended to find distractions for myself.A. Generally, I've had strong convictions and a sense of how things should be.B. Generally, I've had serious doubts and have questioned how things seemed to be.52.A. I've created problems with others by being pessimistic and complaining.B. I've created problems with others by being bossy and controlling.53.A. I have tended to act on my feelings and let the "chips fall where they may"B. I have tended not to act on my feelings lest they stir up more problems.54.A. Being the center of attention has usually felt natural to me.B. Being the center of attention has usually felt strange to me.55.A. I've been careful, and have tried to prepare for unforeseen problems.B. I've been spontaneous, and have preferred to improvise as problems come up.56.A. I have gotten angry when others have not shown enough appreciation for what I have done for them.B. I have gotten angry when others have not listened to what I have told them.57.A. Being independent and self-reliant has been important to me.B. Being valued and admired has been important to me.A. When I've debated with friends, I've tended to press my arguments forcefully.B. When I've debated with friends, I've tended to let things go to prevent hard feelings.59.A. I have often been possessive of loved ones — I have had trouble letting them be.B. I have often "tested" loved ones to see if they were really there for me.60.A. Organizing resources and making things happen has been one of my major strengths.B. Coming up with new ideas and getting people excited about them has been one of my major strengths.61.A. I've tended to be driven and very hard on myself.B. I've tended to be too emotional and rather undisciplined.62.A. I have tried to keep my life fast-paced, intense, and exciting.B. I have tried to keep my life regular, stable, and peaceful.63.A. Even though I've had successes, I've tended to doubt my abilities.B. Even though I've had setbacks, I've had a lot of confidence in my abilities.64.A. I generally have tended to dwell on my feelings and to hold onto them for a long time.B. I generally have tended to minimize my feelings and not pay very much attention to them.65.A. I have provided many people with attention and nurturance.B. I have provided many people with direction and motivation.66.A. I've been a bit serious and strict with myself.B. I've been a bit free-wheeling and permissive with myself.67.A. I've been self-assertive and driven to excel.B. I've been modest and have been happy to go at my own pace.68.A. I have been proud of my clarity and objectivity.B. I have been proud of my reliability and commitment.69.A. I have spent a lot of time looking inward — understanding my feelings has been important to me.B. I have not spent much time looking inward — getting things done has been important to me.70.A. Generally, I have thought of myself as a sunny, casual person.B. Generally, I have thought of myself as a serious, dignified person.71.A. I've had an agile mind and boundless energy.B. I've had a caring heart and deep dedication.A. I have pursued activities that had a substantial potential for reward and personal recognition.B. I have been willing to give up reward and personal recognition if it meant doing work I was really interested in.73.A. Fulfilling social obligations has seldom been high on my agenda.B. I have usually have taken my social obligations very seriously.74.A. In most situations, I have preferred to take the lead.B. In most situations, I have preferred to let someone else take the lead.75.A. Over the years, my values and lifestyle have changed several times.B. Over the years, my values and lifestyle have remained fairly consistent.76.A. Typically, I have not had much self-discipline.B. Typically, I have not had much connection with people.77.A. I have tended to withhold my affection, and have wanted others to come into my world.B. I have tended to give my affection too freely, and have wanted to extend myself to others.78.A. I have had a tendency to think of worst case scenarios.B. I have had a tendency to think that everything will work out for the best.79.A. People have trusted me because I am confident and can look out forB. People have trusted me because I am fair and will do what is right.80.A. Often, I have been so involved in my own projects that I have become isolated from others.B. Often, I have been so involved with others that I have neglected my own projects.81.A. When meeting someone new, I have usually been poised andself-contained.B. When meeting someone new, I have usually been chatty and entertaining.82.A. Generally speaking, I have tended to be pessimistic.B. Generally speaking, I have tended to be optimistic.83.A. I have preferred to inhabit my own little world.B. I have preferred to let the world know I'm here.84.A. I have often been troubled by nervousness, insecurity, and doubt.B. I have often been troubled by anger, perfectionism, and impatience.85.A. I realize that I have often been too personal and intimate.B. I realize that I have often been too cool and aloof.86.A. I have lost out because I have not felt up to taking opportunities.B. I have lost out because I have pursued too many possibilities.A. I have tended to take a long time to get into action.B. I have tended to get into action quickly.88.A. I usually have had difficulty making decisions.B. I seldom have had difficulty making decisions.89.A. I have had a tendency to come on a little too strong with people.B. I have had a tendency not to assert myself enough with people.90.A. Typically, I have been even-tempered.B. Typically, 1 have had strong changes of mood.91.A. When I've been unsure of what to do, I've often sought the advice of others.B. When I've been unsure of what to do, I've tried different things to see what worked best for me.92.A. I have worried that I would be left out of other's activities.B. I have worried that others' activities would distract me from what I had to do.93.A. Typically, when I have gotten angry, I have told people off.B. Typically, when I have gotten angry, I have become distant.A. I've tended to have trouble falling asleep.B. I've tended to fall asleep easily.95.A. I have often tried to figure out how I could get closer to others.B. I have often tried to figure out what others want from me.96.A. I have usually been measured, straight-talking, and deliberate.B. I have usually been excitable, fast-talking, and witty.97.A. Often, I have not spoken up when I've seen others making a mistake.B. Often, I have helped others see that they are making a mistake.98.A. During most of my life, I have been a stormy person who has had many volatile feelings.B. During most of my life, I have been a steady person in whom "still waters run deep".99.A. When I have disliked people, I have usually tried hard to stay cordial —despite my feelings.B. When I have disliked people, I have usually let them know it — one way or another.100.A. Much of my difficulty with people has come from my touchiness and taking everything too personally.B. Much of my difficulty with people has come from my not caring about social conventions.A. My approach has been to jump in and rescue people.B. My approach has been to show people how to help themselves.102.A. Generally, I have enjoyed "letting go" and pushing the limits.B. Generally, I have not enjoyed losing control of myself very much. 103.A. I've been overly concerned with doing better than others.B. I've been overly concerned with making things okay for others.104.A. My thoughts generally have been speculative—involving my magination and curiosity.B. My thoughts generally have been practical—just trying to keep things going.105.A. One of my main assets has been my ability to take charge of situations.B. One of my main assets has been my ability to describe internal states. 106.A. I have pushed to get things done correctly,even if it made people uncomfortable.B. I have not liked feeling pressured, so I have not liked pressuring anyone else.107.A. I've often taken pride in how important I am in others' lives.B. I've often taken pride in my gusto and openness to new experiences. 108.A. I have perceived that I've often come across to others as presentable,even admirable.B. I have perceived that I've often come across to others as unusual, even odd.109.A. I have mostly done what I had to do.B. I have mostly done what I wanted to do.110.A. I have usually enjoyed high-pressure, even difficult, situations.B. I have usually disliked being in high-pressure, even difficult, situations. 111.A. I've been proud of my ability to be flexible—what's appropriate or important often changes.B. I've been proud of my ability to take a stand—I've been firm about what I believe in.112.A. My style has leaned toward sparseness and austerity.B. My style has leaned toward excess and over-doing things.113.A. My own health and well-being have suffered because of my strong desire to help others.B. My relationships have suffered because of my strong desire to attend to my personal needs.114.A. Generally speaking, I've been too open and naïve.B. Generally speaking, I've been too wary and guarded.115.A. I have sometimes put people off by being too aggressive.B. I have sometimes put people off by being too "up-tight".116.A. Being of service and attending to the needs of others has been a high priority for me.B. Finding alternative ways of seeing and doing things has been a high priority for me.117.A. I've been single-minded and persistent in pursuing my goals.B. I've preferred to explore various courses of action to see where they lead.118.A. I have frequently been drawn to situations that stir up deep, intense emotions.B. I have frequently been drawn to situations that make me feel calm and at ease.119.A. I have cared less about practical results than about pursuing my interests.B. I have been practical and have expected my work to have concrete results.120.A. I have had a deep need to belong.B. I have had a deep need to feel balanced.121.A. In the past, I've probably insisted on too much closeness in my friendships.B. In the past, I've probably kept too much distance in my friendships. 122.A. I've had a tendency to keep thinking about things from the past.B. I've had a tendency to keep anticipating things I'm going to do.123.A. I've tended to see people as intrusive and demanding.B. I've tended to see people as disorganized and irresponsible.124.A. Generally, I have not had much confidence in myself.B. Generally, I have had confidence only in myself.125.A. I've probably been too passive and uninvolved.B. I've probably been too controlling and manipulative.126.A. I've frequently been stopped in my tracks by my self-doubt.B. I've rarely let self-doubt stand in my way.127.A. Given a choice between something familiar and something new, I've usually chosen something new.B. I've generally chosen what I knew I already liked: why be disappointed with something I might not like?128.A. I have given a lot of physical contact to reassure others about how I feel about them.B. I have generally felt that real love does not depend on physical contact.129.A. When I've needed to confront someone, I've often been too harsh and direct.B. When I've needed to confront someone, I've often "beaten around the bush" too much.130.A. I have been attracted to subjects that others would probably find disturbing, even frightening.B. I have preferred not to spend my time dwelling on disturbing, frightening subjects.131.A. I have gotten into trouble with people by being too intrusive and interfering.B. I have gotten into trouble with people by being too evasive and uncommunicative.132.A. I've worried that I don't have the resources to fulfill the responsibilitiesI've taken on.B. I've worried that I don't have the self-discipline to focus on what will really fulfill me.133.A. Generally, I've been a highly intuitive, individualistic person.B. Generally, I've been a highly organized, responsible person.134.A. Overcoming inertia has been one of mv main problems.B. Being unable to slow down has been one of my main problems.135.A. When I've felt insecure. I've reacted by becoming arrogant and dismissive.B. When I've felt insecure, I've reacted by becoming defensive and argumentative.136.A. I have generally been open-minded and willing to try new approaches.B. I have generally been self-revealing and willing to share my feelings with others.137.A. I've presented myself to others as tougher than I really am.B. I've presented myself to others as caring more than I really do.138.A. I usually have followed my conscience and reason.B. I usually have followed my feelings and impulses.139.A. Serious adversity has made me feel hardened and resolute.B. Serious adversity has made me feel discouraged and resigned.140.A. I usually have made sure that I had some kind of "safety net" to fall back on.B. I usually have chosen to live on the edge and to depend on others as little as possible.141.A. I've had to be strong for others, so I haven't had time to deal with my feelings and fears.B. I've had difficulty coping with my feelings and fears, so it's been hard for me to be strong for others.142.A. I have often wondered why people focus on the negative when there isso much that's wonderful about life.B. I have often wondered why people arc so happy when so much in life is messed up.143.A. I have tried hard not to be seen as a selfish person.B. I have tried hard not to be seen as a boring person.144.A. I have avoided intimacy when I feared I would be overwhelmed by people's needs and demands.B. I have avoided intimacy when I feared I would not be able to live up to people's expectations of me.（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。
九型人格
ENNEAGRAM（ [e‘niːɡrəm]）
参考书目： 1、九型人格 [美] Helen Palmer 著 徐扬 译 华夏出版社 2、九型人格-自我发现不提升手册 戴维.丹尼尔斯 弗吉尼亚.普赖斯著
目录
九型人格
ENNEAGRAM
九型人格的介绍及初步判定 九型人格的基本理论 九种性格具体分类与个人发展训练 寄语
主要特征
他仧喜欢不人相处
他仧要知道自己是否受欢迎
他仧需要他人的认可和好感 他仧希望被爱，被保抛，幵成为他人生命丨的重要部分
对亍他人需求很敏感，对自己能满足他人
需求而骄傲
对亍自己为了满足他人而扮演的多重角色 而困扰 对自己的需求感到困扰
2号性格：给予者
给予者的自我完善 个人发展训练：：
工作环境：
能不权威套近乎的职业：秘书、劣手等
服务大群体礼仦的职业：忈愿者等 展现丧人魅力的工作：化妆师等 ⅹ丌能得到他人认可的职位，如讨债公
最织目的认识到都可得应有关爱及永恒丌变、最织被满足需求
ⅹ因为害怕被拒绝而选择“爱我的”，而丌是“我爱的”的
司
3号性格：实干者
基本困境：我若没有成就，就没有人会爱我
短文A 我的行事斱式比较枀端，要么是要么丌是，尤其是处理那些不我相关的事情。我十分崇尚坚强、诚实还有独立的 品质，我相信”眼见为实”的道理。我从丌轻信他人，除非他仧向我证实他仧是可信的。我喜欢别人以直率的态度对 待我，丌喜欢别人拐弯抹角，我讨厌别人欺骗我，也丌喜欢别人指使我。我很难容忇软弱的人，除非我知道其丨的缘 由戒者看到他仧正在改迚。我也丌愿意别人的命令戒者指示，除非他是我所接受戒者认同的权威人士。另外，我丌能 很好地控制自己，当我生气时我很难掩饰自己的感受。我通常站在朋友和爱人一辪，尤其是当他仧受到丌公正对待的 时候。虽然幵丌是每次都能起到作用，但是我会让他仧感觉到我的存在。 短文B 我对正确怅有很高的标准，我希望自己能辫到那些标准。我能轻而易丼地找出错误，幵且知道应该如何改迚。我 给有些人的印象是过亍严厉戒者吹毛求疵，如果事情没有按照我所认为的正确斱式去做，我将无法接受。假如我答应 做一件事，我可以骄傲的告诉你：“放心，我一定会把它做好”。虽然平时我的情绪丌易外漏，但是当别人办事丌妥 戒者行事丌公、丌负责仸时，我也会有丌满的情绪。我总是工作在前，享乐在后。而且为了完成工作，我会压抑自己 的欲望。
性格的九种类型(九型人格)
性格的九种类型1.完美主义者(完美型) (The Perfectionist)对自己和他人都有极高的要求。
相信总有一种正确的方法。
有一种天生的优越感，认为自己比他人强。
因为害怕犯错而犹豫不决，推延行动。
经常使用的词是“应该”和“必须"。
此类性格的人在进人高层心境后，可以成为非常睿智的精神偶像。
2.给予者(助入型) (The Giver)要求获得他人的好感和认同。
希望成为他人不可缺少的一部分，从中获得被爱和被欣赏的感觉。
愿意满足他人的需要。
具有很强的控制能力和多样的自我一能够在不同的朋友面前展示不同的自我。
具有很强的吸引力，引人注目。
进化后的2号性格者乐于助人，赋有同情心。
3.实干者(成就型) (The Performer)希望通过自己的行动和成就来获得他人的爱。
乐于接受竞争，追求成就感。
总是把自己想象成胜利者并拥有相当的社会地位。
注重外表形象，精于打扮。
把真正的自我与工作角色混为一谈。
看上去往往比实际上更出色。
进化后的3号性格者能够成为有效的领导者、优秀的组织者、能干的推销者和胜利团队的领军人物。
4.悲情浪漫者(自我型) (The Tragic Romantic)被不切实际的幻想所吸引;理想状态永远不是此时此地。
性格内向、忧伤、敏感、具有艺术气质。
会因为失去一个朋友而伤心不已，也会痴心于一个不存在的恋人。
进化后的4号性格者在生活中富有创造力，宁愿自己受苦，也要帮助他人。
他们热衷于美的事物和充满激情的生活。
5.观察者(思考型) (The Observer)总是在情感上与他人保持一定的距离。
注重对自己隐私的保护，不愿被牵扯到别人的生活中。
宁愿脱离，也不愿参与。
对自己的义务和他人的需要感到疲惫。
喜欢把责任和义务分清楚，不愿意接触其他人和事，也不愿去体验感情。
进化后的5号性格者可以成为优秀的决策制定者、象牙塔里的学者，以及自我约束的修道士。
6.怀疑论者(忠诚型) (The Devil's Advocate)用怀疑的目光看待一一切，因为怀疑而害怕，而疲惫。
九型人格心理学评价
九型人格心理学评价九型人格理论是由奥斯卡·伊查佐（Oscar Ichazo）和克劳迪奥·纽恩斯（Claudio Naranjo）发展起来的一种心理学模型，它描述了人类个体之间的不同个性类型。
这个理论的核心是九个基本人格类型，每个类型都有其独特的特征、优势和弱点。
这些九个类型分别是：1. 型号一：完美主义者（The Reformer）2. 型号二：助人者（The Helper）3. 型号三：成就者（The Achiever）4. 型号四：艺术家（The Individualist）5. 型号五：观察者（The Investigator）6. 型号六：忠诚者（The Loyalist）7. 型号七：活跃者（The Enthusiast）8. 型号九：调停者（The Challenger）9. 型号十：和平者（The Peacemaker）九型人格的心理学评价：1. 辅助自我了解：九型人格理论为个体提供了一种深入了解自己和他人的框架。
通过识别和理解自己的基本人格类型，个体可以更好地认识自己的优势、弱点和发展领域。
2. 团队建设：在组织和团队中，了解团队成员的九型人格类型有助于更好地协同工作。
不同的人格类型在处理问题、沟通风格和决策方式上存在差异，了解这些差异有助于促进团队协作和效率。
3. 个人发展：九型人格理论强调个体的成长和发展。
通过了解自己的人格类型，个体可以更有针对性地制定个人发展计划，提高自己在职业和个人生活中的表现。
4. 冲突解决：九型人格理论提供了一个框架，帮助人们理解冲突背后的潜在原因。
认识到不同人格类型的差异有助于更有效地处理冲突，促进和谐关系。
5. 心理健康：九型人格理论强调个体的整体发展和心理健康。
通过认知自己的人格类型，个体可以更好地管理情绪、应对压力，并寻求心理平衡。
批评和争议：尽管九型人格理论在心理学领域有一定的影响力，但它也受到一些批评和争议。
一些批评意见包括：* 缺乏科学证据：九型人格理论的科学基础并不强大，一些心理学家对其缺乏实证研究提出质疑。
九型人格测试英文版
Read each numbered pair of statements carefully. There are no right or wrong answers. For each pair of statements, mark with one of the statement most like you. Leave the other statement blank. Your scores will be computed automatically. Do not skip any statement pair. For greatest accuracy, your grand total should be equal to 144.1.A. I have been romantic and imaginative.B. I have been pragmatic and down to earth.2.A. I have tended to take on confrontations.B. I have tended to avoid confrontations.3.A. I have typically been diplomatic, charming, and ambitious.B. I have typically been direct, formal and idealistic.4.A. I have tended to be focused and intense.B. I have tended to be spontaneous and fun-loving.5.A. I have been a hospitable person and have enjoyed welcoming new friends into my life.B. I have been a private person and have not mixed much with others.6.A. It's been difficult for me to relax and stop worrying about potential problems.B. It's been difficult for me to get myself worked up about potential problems.7.A. I've been more of a "street-smart" survivor.B. I've been more of a "high minded" idealist.8.A. I have needed to show affection to people.B. I have preferred to maintain some distance with people.9.A. When presented with a new experience, I've usually asked myself if it would be useful to me.B. When presented with a new experience, I've usually asked myself if it would be enjoyable.10.A. I have tended to focus too much on myself.B. I have tended to focus too much on others.11.A. Others have depended on my insight and knowledge.B. Others have depended on my strength and decisiveness.12.A. I have come across as being too unsure of myself.B. I have come across as being too sure of myself.13.A. I have been more relationship-oriented than goal-oriented.B. I have been more goal-oriented than relationship-oriented.14.A. I have not been able to speak up for myself very well.B. I have been outspoken -- I have said what others wished they had the nerve to say.15.A. It's been difficult for me to stop considering alternatives and do something definite.B. It's been difficult for me to take it easy and be more flexible.16.A. I have tended to be careful and hesitant.B. I have tended to be bold and domineering.17.A. My reluctance to get involved has gotten me in trouble with people.B. My eagerness to have people depend on me has gotten me into trouble with them.18.A. Usually, I have been able to put my feelings aside to get the job done.B. Usually, I have needed to work through my feelings before I could act.19.A. Generally, I've been methodical and cautious.B. Generally, I've been adventurous and taken risks.20.A. I have tended to be a supportive, giving person who seeks intimacy with others.B. I have tended to be a serious, reserved person who likes discussing issues.A. I've often felt the need to be a "pillar of strength".B. I have often felt the need to perform perfectly.22.A. I've typically been interested in asking tough questions and maintaining my independence.B. I've typically been interested in maintaining my stability and peace of mind.23.A. I've been a bit cynical and skeptical.B. I've been a bit mushy and sentimental.24.A. I've often worried that I'm missing out on something better.B. I've often worried that if I let down my guard, someone will take advantage of me.25.A. My habit of being "stand-offish" has annoyed people.B. My habit of telling people what to do has annoyed people.26.A. I have tended to get anxious if there was too much excitement and stimulation.B. I have tended to get anxious if there wasn't enough excitement and stimulation.27.A. I have depended on my friends & they have known that they can depend on me.B. I have not depended on people; I have done things on my own.A. I have tended to be detached and preoccupied.B. I have tended to be moody and self-absorbed.29.A. I have liked to challenge people and "shake them up".B. I have liked to comfort people and calm them down.30.A. I have generally been an outgoing, sociable person.B. I have generally been an earnest, self-disciplined person.31.A. I've wanted to "fit in" with others -- I get uncomfortable when I stand out too much.B. I've wanted to standout from others -- I get uncomfortable when I don't distinguish myself.32.A. Pursuing my personal interests has been more important to me than having stability and security.B. Having stability and security has been more important to me than pursuing my personal interests.33.A. When I've had conflicts with others, I've tended to withdraw.B. When I've had conflicts with others, I've rarely backed down.34.A. I have given in too easily and let others push me around.B. I've been too uncompromising and demanding with others.A. I've been appreciated for my unsinkable spirit and resourcefulness.B. I've been appreciated for my deep caring and personal warmth.36.A. I have wanted to make a favorable impression on others.B. I have cared little about making a favorable impression on others.37.A. I've depended on my perseverance and common sense.B. I've depended on my imagination and moments of inspiration.38.A. Basically, I have been easy-going and agreeable.B. Basically, I have been hard-driving and assertive.39.A. I have worked hard to be accepted and well-liked.accepted and well-liked has not been a high priority for me.40.A. In reaction to pressure from others, I have become more withdrawn.B. In reaction to pressure from others, I have become more assertive.41.A. People have been interested in me because I've been outgoing, engaging, and interested in them.B. People have been interested in me because I've been quiet, unusual, and deep.A. Duty and responsibility have been important values for me.B. Harmony and acceptance have been important values for me.43.A. I've tried to motivate people by making big plans and big promises.B. I've tried to motivate people by pointing out the consequences of not following my advice.44.A. I have seldom been emotionally demonstrative.B. I have often been emotionally demonstrative.45.A. Dealing with details has not been one of my strong suits.B. I have excelled at dealing with details.46.A. I have often emphasized how different I am from most people, especially my family.B. I have often emphasized how much I have in common with most people, especially my family.47.A. When situations have gotten heated, I have tended to stay on the sidelines.B. When situations have gotten heated, I have tended to get right into the middle of things.48.A. I have stood by my friends, even when they have been wrong.B. I have not wanted to compromise what is right even for friendship.A. I've been a well-meaning supporter.B. I've been a highly-motivated go-getter.50.A. When troubled, I have tended to brood about my problems.B. When troubled, I have tended to find distractions for myself.51.A. Generally, I've had strong convictions and a sense of how things should be.B. Generally, I've had serious doubts and have questioned how things seemed to be.52.A. I've created problems with others by being pessimistic and complaining.B. I've created problems with others by being bossy and controlling.53.A. I have tended to act on my feelings and let the "chips fall where they may"B. I have tended not to act on my feelings lest they stir up more problems.54.A. Being the center of attention has usually felt natural to me.B. Being the center of attention has usually felt strange to me.55.A. I've been careful, and have tried to prepare for unforeseen problems.B. I've been spontaneous, and have preferred to improvise as problems come up.A. I have gotten angry when others have not shown enough appreciation for what I have done for them.B. I have gotten angry when others have not listened to what I have told them.57.A. Being independent and self-reliant has been important to me.B. Being valued and admired has been important to me.58.A. When I've debated with friends, I've tended to press my arguments forcefully.B. When I've debated with friends, I've tended to let things go to prevent hard feelings.59.A. I have often been possessive of loved ones — I have had trouble letting them be.B. I have often "tested" loved ones to see if they were really there for me.60.A. Organizing resources and making things happen has been one of my major strengths.B. Coming up with new ideas and getting people excited about them has been one of my major strengths.61.A. I've tended to be driven and very hard on myself.B. I've tended to be too emotional and rather undisciplined.A. I have tried to keep my life fast-paced, intense, and exciting.B. I have tried to keep my life regular, stable, and peaceful.63.A. Even though I've had successes, I've tended to doubt my abilities.B. Even though I've had setbacks, I've had a lot of confidence in my abilities.64.A. I generally have tended to dwell on my feelings and to hold onto them for a long time.B. I generally have tended to minimize my feelings and not pay very much attention to them.65.A. I have provided many people with attention and nurturance.B. I have provided many people with direction and motivation.66.A. I've been a bit serious and strict with myself.B. I've been a bit free-wheeling and permissive with myself.67.A. I've been self-assertive and driven to excel.B. I've been modest and have been happy to go at my own pace.68.A. I have been proud of my clarity and objectivity.B. I have been proud of my reliability and commitment.69.A. I have spent a lot of time looking inward —understanding my feelingshas been important to me.B. I have not spent much time looking inward — getting things done has been important to me.70.A. Generally, I have thought of myself as a sunny, casual person.B. Generally, I have thought of myself as a serious, dignified person.71.A. I've had an agile mind and boundless energy.B. I've had a caring heart and deep dedication.72.A. I have pursued activities that had a substantial potential for reward and personal recognition.B. I have been willing to give up reward and personal recognition if it meant doing work I was really interested in.73.A. Fulfilling social obligations has seldom been high on my agenda.B. I have usually have taken my social obligations very seriously.74.A. In most situations, I have preferred to take the lead.B. In most situations, I have preferred to let someone else take the lead.75.A. Over the years, my values and lifestyle have changed several times.B. Over the years, my values and lifestyle have remained fairly consistent.A. Typically, I have not had much self-discipline.B. Typically, I have not had much connection with people.77.A. I have tended to withhold my affection, and have wanted others to come into my world.B. I have tended to give my affection too freely, and have wanted to extend myself to others.78.A. I have had a tendency to think of worst case scenarios.B. I have had a tendency to think that everything will work out for the best.79.A. People have trusted me because I am confident and can look out for them.B. People have trusted me because I am fair and will do what is right.80.A. Often, I have been so involved in my own projects that I have become isolated from others.B. Often, I have been so involved with others that I have neglected my own projects.81.A. When meeting someone new, I have usually been poised andself-contained.B. When meeting someone new, I have usually been chatty and entertaining.A. Generally speaking, I have tended to be pessimistic.B. Generally speaking, I have tended to be optimistic.83.A. I have preferred to inhabit my own little world.B. I have preferred to let the world know I'm here.84.A. I have often been troubled by nervousness, insecurity, and doubt.B. I have often been troubled by anger, perfectionism, and impatience.85.A. I realize that I have often been too personal and intimate.B. I realize that I have often been too cool and aloof.86.A. I have lost out because I have not felt up to taking opportunities.B. I have lost out because I have pursued too many possibilities.87.A. I have tended to take a long time to get into action.B. I have tended to get into action quickly.88.A. I usually have had difficulty making decisions.B. I seldom have had difficulty making decisions.89.A. I have had a tendency to come on a little too strong with people.B. I have had a tendency not to assert myself enough with people.A. Typically, I have been even-tempered.B. Typically, 1 have had strong changes of mood.91.A. When I've been unsure of what to do, I've often sought the advice of others.B. When I've been unsure of what to do, I've tried different things to see what worked best for me.92.A. I have worried that I would be left out of other's activities.B. I have worried that others' activities would distract me from whatI had to do.93.A. Typically, when I have gotten angry, I have told people off.B. Typically, when I have gotten angry, I have become distant.94.A. I've tended to have trouble falling asleep.B. I've tended to fall asleep easily.95.A. I have often tried to figure out how I could get closer to others.B. I have often tried to figure out what others want from me.96.A. I have usually been measured, straight-talking, and deliberate.B. I have usually been excitable, fast-talking, and witty.A. Often, I have not spoken up when I've seen others making a mistake.B. Often, I have helped others see that they are making a mistake.98.A. During most of my life, I have been a stormy person who has had many volatile feelings.B. During most of my life, I have been a steady person in whom "still waters run deep".99.A. When I have disliked people, I have usually tried hard to stay cordial — despite my feelings.B. When I have disliked people, I have usually let them know it — one way or another.100.A. Much of my difficulty with people has come from my touchiness and taking everything too personally.B. Much of my difficulty with people has come from my not caring about social conventions.101.A. My approach has been to jump in and rescue people.B. My approach has been to show people how to help themselves. 102.A. Generally, I have enjoyed "letting go" and pushing the limits.B. Generally, I have not enjoyed losing control of myself very much. 103.A. I've been overly concerned with doing better than others.B. I've been overly concerned with making things okay for others.A. My thoughts generally have been speculative—involving my magination and curiosity.B. My thoughts generally have been practical—just trying to keep things going.105.A. One of my main assets has been my ability to take charge of situations.B. One of my main assets has been my ability to describe internal states. 106.A. I have pushed to get things done correctly,even if it made people uncomfortable.B. I have not liked feeling pressured, so I have not liked pressuring anyone else.107.A. I've often taken pride in how important I am in others' lives.B. I've often taken pride in my gusto and openness to new experiences. 108.A. I have perceived that I've often come across to others as presentable, even admirable.B. I have perceived that I've often come across to others as unusual, even odd.109.A. I have mostly done what I had to do.B. I have mostly done what I wanted to do.110.A. I have usually enjoyed high-pressure, even difficult, situations.B. I have usually disliked being in high-pressure, even difficult, situations.A. I've been proud of my ability to be flexible—what's appropriate or important often changes.B. I've been proud of my ability to take a stand—I've been firm about what I believe in.112.A. My style has leaned toward sparseness and austerity.B. My style has leaned toward excess and over-doing things.113.A. My own health and well-being have suffered because of my strong desire to help others.B. My relationships have suffered because of my strong desire to attend to my personal needs.114.A. General ly speaking, I've been too open and naïve.B. Generally speaking, I've been too wary and guarded.115.A. I have sometimes put people off by being too aggressive.B. I have sometimes put people off by being too "up-tight".116.A. Being of service and attending to the needs of others has been a high priority for me.B. Finding alternative ways of seeing and doing things has been a high priority for me.117.A. I've been single-minded and persistent in pursuing my goals.B. I've preferred to explore various courses of action to see where they lead.A. I have frequently been drawn to situations that stir up deep, intense emotions.B. I have frequently been drawn to situations that make me feel calm and at ease.119.A. I have cared less about practical results than about pursuing my interests.B. I have been practical and have expected my work to have concrete results.120.A. I have had a deep need to belong.B. I have had a deep need to feel balanced.121.A. In the past, I've probably insisted on too much closeness in my friendships.B. In the past, I've probably kept too much distance in my friendships. 122.A. I've had a tendency to keep thinking about things from the past.B. I've had a tendency to keep anticipating things I'm going to do. 123.A. I've tended to see people as intrusive and demanding.B. I've tended to see people as disorganized and irresponsible. 124.A. Generally, I have not had much confidence in myself.B. Generally, I have had confidence only in myself.A. I've probably been too passive and uninvolved.B. I've probably been too controlling and manipulative.126.A. I've frequently been stopped in my tracks by my self-doubt.B. I've rarely let self-doubt stand in my way.127.A. Given a choice between something familiar and something new, I've usually chosen something new.B. I've generally chosen what I knew I already liked: why be disappointed with something I might not like128.A. I have given a lot of physical contact to reassure others about how I feel about them.B. I have generally felt that real love does not depend on physical contact.129.A. When I've needed to confront someone, I've often been too harsh and direct.B. When I've needed to confront someone, I've often "beaten around the bush" too much.130.A. I have been attracted to subjects that others would probably find disturbing, even frightening.B. I have preferred not to spend my time dwelling on disturbing, frightening subjects.131.A. I have gotten into trouble with people by being too intrusive and interfering.B. I have gotten into trouble with people by being too evasive and uncommunicative.132.A. I've worried that I don't have the resources to fulfill the responsibilities I've taken on.B. I've worried that I don't have the self-discipline to focus on what will really fulfill me.133.A. Generally, I've been a highly intuitive, individualistic person.B. Generally, I've been a highly organized, responsible person. 134.A. Overcoming inertia has been one of mv main problems.B. Being unable to slow down has been one of my main problems. 135.A. When I've felt insecure. I've reacted by becoming arrogant and dismissive.B. When I've felt insecure, I've reacted by becoming defensive and argumentative.136.A. I have generally been open-minded and willing to try new approaches.B. I have generally been self-revealing and willing to share my feelings with others.137.A. I've presented myself to others as tougher than I really am.B. I've presented myself to others as caring more than I really do.138.A. I usually have followed my conscience and reason.B. I usually have followed my feelings and impulses.139.A. Serious adversity has made me feel hardened and resolute.B. Serious adversity has made me feel discouraged and resigned. 140.A. I usually have made sure that I had some kind of "safety net" to fall back on.B. I usually have chosen to live on the edge and to depend on others as little as possible.141.A. I've had to be strong for others, so I haven't had time to deal with my feelings and fears.B. I've had difficulty coping with my feelings and fears, so it's been hard for me to be strong for others.142.A. I have often wondered why people focus on the negative when there is so much that's wonderful about life.B. I have often wondered why people arc so happy when so much in life is messed up.143.A. I have tried hard not to be seen as a selfish person.B. I have tried hard not to be seen as a boring person.144.A. I have avoided intimacy when I feared I would be overwhelmed by people's needs and demands.B. I have avoided intimacy when I feared I would not be able to live up to people's expectations of me.。
九型人格测试(RHETI版)英文版(英语版)
The Riso-Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator (RHETI) is a scientifically validated forced-choice personality test with 144 paired statements. The test takes about 40 minutes to complete.Read each numbered pair of statements carefully. There are no right or wrong answers. For each pair of statements, mark with one of the statement most like you. Leave the other statement blank. Your scores will be computed automatically. Do not skip any statement pair. For greatest accuracy, your grand total should be equal to 144.1.A. I have been romantic and imaginative.B. I have been pragmatic and down to earth.2.A. I have tended to take on confrontations.B. I have tended to avoid confrontations.3.A. I have typically been diplomatic, charming, and ambitious.B. I have typically been direct, formal and idealistic.4.A. I have tended to be focused and intense.B. I have tended to be spontaneous and fun-loving.5.A. I have been a hospitable person and have enjoyed welcoming new friends into my life.B. I have been a private person and have not mixed much with others.6.A. It's been difficult for me to relax and stop worrying about potential problems.B. It's been difficult for me to get myself worked up about potential problems.7.A. I've been more of a "street-smart" survivor.B. I've been more of a "high minded" idealist.8.A. I have needed to show affection to people.B. I have preferred to maintain some distance with people.9.A. When presented with a new experience, I've usually asked myself if it would be useful to me.B. When presented with a new experience, I've usually asked myself if it would be enjoyable.10.A. I have tended to focus too much on myself.B. I have tended to focus too much on others.11.A. Others have depended on my insight and knowledge.B. Others have depended on my strength and decisiveness.12.A. I have come across as being too unsure of myself.B. I have come across as being too sure of myself.13.A. I have been more relationship-oriented than goal-oriented.B. I have been more goal-oriented than relationship-oriented.14.A. I have not been able to speak up for myself very well.B. I have been outspoken -- I have said what others wished they had the nerve to say.15.A. It's been difficult for me to stop considering alternatives and do something definite.B. It's been difficult for me to take it easy and be more flexible.16.A. I have tended to be careful and hesitant.B. I have tended to be bold and domineering.17.A. My reluctance to get involved has gotten me in trouble with people.B. My eagerness to have people depend on me has gotten me into trouble with them.18.A. Usually, I have been able to put my feelings aside to get the job done.B. Usually, I have needed to work through my feelings before I could act.19.A. Generally, I've been methodical and cautious.B. Generally, I've been adventurous and taken risks.20.A. I have tended to be a supportive, giving person who seeks intimacy with others.B. I have tended to be a serious, reserved person who likes discussing issues.A. I've often felt the need to be a "pillar of strength".B. I have often felt the need to perform perfectly.22.A. I've typically been interested in asking tough questions and maintaining my independence.B. I've typically been interested in maintaining my stability and peace of mind.23.A. I've been a bit cynical and skeptical.B. I've been a bit mushy and sentimental.24.A. I've often worried that I'm missing out on something better.B. I've often worried that if I let down my guard, someone will take advantage of me.25.A. My habit of being "stand-offish" has annoyed people.B. My habit of telling people what to do has annoyed people.26.A. I have tended to get anxious if there was too much excitement and stimulation.B. I have tended to get anxious if there wasn't enough excitement and stimulation.27.A. I have depended on my friends & they have known that they can depend on me.B. I have not depended on people; I have done things on my own.A. I have tended to be detached and preoccupied.B. I have tended to be moody and self-absorbed.29.A. I have liked to challenge people and "shake them up".B. I have liked to comfort people and calm them down.30.A. I have generally been an outgoing, sociable person.B. I have generally been an earnest, self-disciplined person.31.A. I've wanted to "fit in" with others -- I get uncomfortable when I stand out too much.B. I've wanted to standout from others -- I get uncomfortable when I don't distinguish myself.32.A. Pursuing my personal interests has been more important to me than having stability and security.B. Having stability and security has been more important to me than pursuing my personal interests.33.A. When I've had conflicts with others, I've tended to withdraw.B. When I've had conflicts with others, I've rarely backed down.34.A. I have given in too easily and let others push me around.B. I've been too uncompromising and demanding with others.A. I've been appreciated for my unsinkable spirit and resourcefulness.B. I've been appreciated for my deep caring and personal warmth.36.A. I have wanted to make a favorable impression on others.B. I have cared little about making a favorable impression on others.37.A. I've depended on my perseverance and common sense.B. I've depended on my imagination and moments of inspiration.38.A. Basically, I have been easy-going and agreeable.B. Basically, I have been hard-driving and assertive.39.A. I have worked hard to be accepted and well-liked.B.Being accepted and well-liked has not been a high priority for me.40.A. In reaction to pressure from others, I have become more withdrawn.B. In reaction to pressure from others, I have become more assertive.41.A. People have been interested in me because I've been outgoing, engaging, and interested in them.B. People have been interested in me because I've been quiet, unusual, and deep.A. Duty and responsibility have been important values for me.B. Harmony and acceptance have been important values for me.43.A. I've tried to motivate people by making big plans and big promises.B. I've tried to motivate people by pointing out the consequences of not following my advice.44.A. I have seldom been emotionally demonstrative.B. I have often been emotionally demonstrative.45.A. Dealing with details has not been one of my strong suits.B. I have excelled at dealing with details.46.A. I have often emphasized how different I am from most people, especially my family.B. I have often emphasized how much I have in common with most people, especially my family.47.A. When situations have gotten heated, I have tended to stay on the sidelines.B. When situations have gotten heated, I have tended to get right into the middle of things.48.A. I have stood by my friends, even when they have been wrong.B. I have not wanted to compromise what is right even for friendship.A. I've been a well-meaning supporter.B. I've been a highly-motivated go-getter.50.A. When troubled, I have tended to brood about my problems.B. When troubled, I have tended to find distractions for myself.51.A. Generally, I've had strong convictions and a sense of how things should be.B. Generally, I've had serious doubts and have questioned how things seemed to be.52.A. I've created problems with others by being pessimistic and complaining.B. I've created problems with others by being bossy and controlling.53.A. I have tended to act on my feelings and let the "chips fall where they may"B. I have tended not to act on my feelings lest they stir up more problems.54.A. Being the center of attention has usually felt natural to me.B. Being the center of attention has usually felt strange to me.55.A. I've been careful, and have tried to prepare for unforeseen problems.B. I've been spontaneous, and have preferred to improvise as problems come up.A. I have gotten angry when others have not shown enough appreciation for what I have done for them.B. I have gotten angry when others have not listened to what I have told them.57.A. Being independent and self-reliant has been important to me.B. Being valued and admired has been important to me.58.A. When I've debated with friends, I've tended to press my arguments forcefully.B. When I've debated with friends, I've tended to let things go to prevent hard feelings.59.A. I have often been possessive of loved ones — I have had trouble letting them be.B. I have often "tested" loved ones to see if they were really there for me.60.A. Organizing resources and making things happen has been one of my major strengths.B. Coming up with new ideas and getting people excited about them has been one of my major strengths.61.A. I've tended to be driven and very hard on myself.B. I've tended to be too emotional and rather undisciplined.62.A. I have tried to keep my life fast-paced, intense, and exciting.B. I have tried to keep my life regular, stable, and peaceful.A. Even though I've had successes, I've tended to doubt my abilities.B. Even though I've had setbacks, I've had a lot of confidence in my abilities.64.A. I generally have tended to dwell on my feelings and to hold onto them for a long time.B. I generally have tended to minimize my feelings and not pay very much attention to them.65.A. I have provided many people with attention and nurturance.B. I have provided many people with direction and motivation.66.A. I've been a bit serious and strict with myself.B. I've been a bit free-wheeling and permissive with myself.67.A. I've been self-assertive and driven to excel.B. I've been modest and have been happy to go at my own pace.68.A. I have been proud of my clarity and objectivity.B. I have been proud of my reliability and commitment.69.A. I have spent a lot of time looking inward — understanding my feelings has been important to me.B. I have not spent much time looking inward — getting things done has been important to me.70.A. Generally, I have thought of myself as a sunny, casual person.B. Generally, I have thought of myself as a serious, dignified person.71.A. I've had an agile mind and boundless energy.B. I've had a caring heart and deep dedication.72.A. I have pursued activities that had a substantial potential for reward and personal recognition.B. I have been willing to give up reward and personal recognition if it meant doing work I was really interested in.73.A. Fulfilling social obligations has seldom been high on my agenda.B. I have usually have taken my social obligations very seriously.74.A. In most situations, I have preferred to take the lead.B. In most situations, I have preferred to let someone else take the lead.75.A. Over the years, my values and lifestyle have changed several times.B. Over the years, my values and lifestyle have remained fairly consistent.76.A. Typically, I have not had much self-discipline.B. Typically, I have not had much connection with people.77.A. I have tended to withhold my affection, and have wanted others to come into my world.B. I have tended to give my affection too freely, and have wanted to extend myself to others.78.A. I have had a tendency to think of worst case scenarios.B. I have had a tendency to think that everything will work out for the best.79.A. People have trusted me because I am confident and can look out for them.B. People have trusted me because I am fair and will do what is right.80.A. Often, I have been so involved in my own projects that I have become isolated from others.B. Often, I have been so involved with others that I have neglected my own projects.81.A. When meeting someone new, I have usually been poised andself-contained.B. When meeting someone new, I have usually been chatty and entertaining.82.A. Generally speaking, I have tended to be pessimistic.B. Generally speaking, I have tended to be optimistic.83.A. I have preferred to inhabit my own little world.B. I have preferred to let the world know I'm here.84.A. I have often been troubled by nervousness, insecurity, and doubt.B. I have often been troubled by anger, perfectionism, and impatience.85.A. I realize that I have often been too personal and intimate.B. I realize that I have often been too cool and aloof.86.A. I have lost out because I have not felt up to taking opportunities.B. I have lost out because I have pursued too many possibilities.87.A. I have tended to take a long time to get into action.B. I have tended to get into action quickly.88.A. I usually have had difficulty making decisions.B. I seldom have had difficulty making decisions.89.A. I have had a tendency to come on a little too strong with people.B. I have had a tendency not to assert myself enough with people.90.A. Typically, I have been even-tempered.B. Typically, 1 have had strong changes of mood.91.A. When I've been unsure of what to do, I've often sought the advice of others.B. When I've been unsure of what to do, I've tried different things to see what worked best for me.92.A. I have worried that I would be left out of other's activities.B. I have worried that others' activities would distract me from what I had to do.93.A. Typically, when I have gotten angry, I have told people off.B. Typically, when I have gotten angry, I have become distant.94.A. I've tended to have trouble falling asleep.B. I've tended to fall asleep easily.95.A. I have often tried to figure out how I could get closer to others.B. I have often tried to figure out what others want from me.96.A. I have usually been measured, straight-talking, and deliberate.B. I have usually been excitable, fast-talking, and witty.97.A. Often, I have not spoken up when I've seen others making a mistake.B. Often, I have helped others see that they are making a mistake.98.A. During most of my life, I have been a stormy person who has had many volatile feelings.B. During most of my life, I have been a steady person in whom "still waters run deep".A. When I have disliked people, I have usually tried hard to stay cordial —despite my feelings.B. When I have disliked people, I have usually let them know it — one way or another.100.A. Much of my difficulty with people has come from my touchiness and taking everything too personally.B. Much of my difficulty with people has come from my not caring about social conventions.101.A. My approach has been to jump in and rescue people.B. My approach has been to show people how to help themselves.102.A. Generally, I have enjoyed "letting go" and pushing the limits.B. Generally, I have not enjoyed losing control of myself very much. 103.A. I've been overly concerned with doing better than others.B. I've been overly concerned with making things okay for others.104.A. My thoughts generally have been speculative—involving my magination and curiosity.B. My thoughts generally have been practical—just trying to keep things going.105.A. One of my main assets has been my ability to take charge of situations.B. One of my main assets has been my ability to describe internal states.A. I have pushed to get things done correctly,even if it made people uncomfortable.B. I have not liked feeling pressured, so I have not liked pressuring anyone else.107.A. I've often taken pride in how important I am in others' lives.B. I've often taken pride in my gusto and openness to new experiences. 108.A. I have perceived that I've often come across to others as presentable, even admirable.B. I have perceived that I've often come across to others as unusual, even odd.109.A. I have mostly done what I had to do.B. I have mostly done what I wanted to do.110.A. I have usually enjoyed high-pressure, even difficult, situations.B. I have usually disliked being in high-pressure, even difficult, situations. 111.A. I've been proud of my ability to be flexible—what's appropriate or important often changes.B. I've been proud of my ability to take a stand—I've been firm about what I believe in.112.A. My style has leaned toward sparseness and austerity.B. My style has leaned toward excess and over-doing things.A. My own health and well-being have suffered because of my strong desire to help others.B. My relationships have suffered because of my strong desire to attend to my personal needs.114.A. Generally speaking, I've been too open and naïve.B. Generally speaking, I've been too wary and guarded.115.A. I have sometimes put people off by being too aggressive.B. I have sometimes put people off by being too "up-tight".116.A. Being of service and attending to the needs of others has been a high priority for me.B. Finding alternative ways of seeing and doing things has been a high priority for me.117.A. I've been single-minded and persistent in pursuing my goals.B. I've preferred to explore various courses of action to see where they lead.118.A. I have frequently been drawn to situations that stir up deep, intense emotions.B. I have frequently been drawn to situations that make me feel calm and at ease.119.A. I have cared less about practical results than about pursuing my interests.B. I have been practical and have expected my work to have concrete results.120.A. I have had a deep need to belong.B. I have had a deep need to feel balanced.121.A. In the past, I've probably insisted on too much closeness in my friendships.B. In the past, I've probably kept too much distance in my friendships. 122.A. I've had a tendency to keep thinking about things from the past.B. I've had a tendency to keep anticipating things I'm going to do. 123.A. I've tended to see people as intrusive and demanding.B. I've tended to see people as disorganized and irresponsible. 124.A. Generally, I have not had much confidence in myself.B. Generally, I have had confidence only in myself.125.A. I've probably been too passive and uninvolved.B. I've probably been too controlling and manipulative.126.A. I've frequently been stopped in my tracks by my self-doubt.B. I've rarely let self-doubt stand in my way.A. Given a choice between something familiar and something new, I've usually chosen something new.B. I've generally chosen what I knew I already liked: why be disappointed with something I might not like?128.A. I have given a lot of physical contact to reassure others about how I feel about them.B. I have generally felt that real love does not depend on physical contact. 129.A. When I've needed to confront someone, I've often been too harsh and direct.B. When I've needed to confront someone, I've often "beaten around the bush" too much.130.A. I have been attracted to subjects that others would probably find disturbing, even frightening.B. I have preferred not to spend my time dwelling on disturbing, frightening subjects.131.A. I have gotten into trouble with people by being too intrusive and interfering.B. I have gotten into trouble with people by being too evasive and uncommunicative.132.A. I've worried that I don't have the resources to fulfill the responsibilitiesI've taken on.B. I've worried that I don't have the self-discipline to focus on what will really fulfill me.A. Generally, I've been a highly intuitive, individualistic person.B. Generally, I've been a highly organized, responsible person.134.A. Overcoming inertia has been one of mv main problems.B. Being unable to slow down has been one of my main problems.135.A. When I've felt insecure. I've reacted by becoming arrogant and dismissive.B. When I've felt insecure, I've reacted by becoming defensive and argumentative.136.A. I have generally been open-minded and willing to try new approaches.B. I have generally been self-revealing and willing to share my feelings with others.137.A. I've presented myself to others as tougher than I really am.B. I've presented myself to others as caring more than I really do.138.A. I usually have followed my conscience and reason.B. I usually have followed my feelings and impulses.139.A. Serious adversity has made me feel hardened and resolute.B. Serious adversity has made me feel discouraged and resigned.140.A. I usually have made sure that I had some kind of "safety net" to fall backon.B. I usually have chosen to live on the edge and to depend on others as little as possible.141.A. I've had to be strong for others, so I haven't had time to deal with my feelings and fears.B. I've had difficulty coping with my feelings and fears, so it's been hard for me to be strong for others.142.A. I have often wondered why people focus on the negative when there is so much that's wonderful about life.B. I have often wondered why people arc so happy when so much in life is messed up.143.A. I have tried hard not to be seen as a selfish person.B. I have tried hard not to be seen as a boring person.144.A. I have avoided intimacy when I feared I would be overwhelmed by people's needs and demands.B. I have avoided intimacy when I feared I would not be able to live up to people's expectations of me.。
九型人格英文版
将下面短文翻译成中文：Enneagram of Personality 九型人格The Enneagram is a highly sophisticated system of nine personality profiles that are meant to help us know ourselves and others “as we/they are to themselves”. Each type profile serves as a customized road map for on-going personal growth consistent with categories of modern psychological typology. The nine types are as follows:Type One: The Perfectionist"I'm not angry, I'm just trying to get it right!" Basic Proposition: There is a right way and a wrong way to do everything.Habitual Focus of Attention: What is right or wrong, correct or incorrect.What "Perfectionists" tell us about themselves:•They live with a powerful inner critic that monitors every thought, word, and deed;•They worry about getting things right and are unusually sensitive to criticism;•They strive for perfection and feel responsible;•"Perfectionists" also report a focus on being good and repress their impulses/desires for pleasure;•They can be rigid, overly controlled, seeing virtue as its own reward.Type Two: The Giver"I know lots of people who couldn't get along without me. Where's the pride in that?" Basic Proposition: Love and survival depend on "giving to get".Habitual Focus of Attention: Other people's needsWhat "Givers" observe about themselves:• A preoccupation with the needs of others;•Pride in giving and helping;•Sometimes feel taken advantage of;•Have a hard time expressing their own needs;•Are manipulative; and•Alter their self-presentation to meet the needs of important others.Type Three: The Performer"I'm busy all of the time. There's competition in everything I do. I just love that arena." Basic Proposition: Love and recognition are only for "champions".Habitual Focus of Attention: Tasks, Roles, & ResultsWhat "Performers" observe about themselves:•Their primary identification is with accomplishment and success;•They seek approval and acceptance based on performance;•Their attention goes to task;•Image is important;•They feel constant pressure to perform; and•There is an inattention to feelings/"Not now".Type Four: The RomanticI cannot imagine anyone envying me. By comparison, if I had what others had, then I would bemore fulfilled and happy. Basic Proposition: Others enjoy the happiness that I have been denied.Habitual Focus of Attention: "Best" is what's absent.What "Romantics" observe about themselves:•There is a constant longing for the missing ingredient for personal happiness;•Their focus is on the best of what's missing, what’s distant, and what's hard to get;•The "ordinary" pales by comparison;•There is a deeply felt abandonment that translates into a belief that "I am un- loveable”: and, •"Romanitics" feel special and elite. Their suffering sets them apart from others.Type Five: The Observer"I think I feel..." Basic Proposition: Love and respect are gained by practicing self-sufficiency.Habitual Focus of Attention: What others want from me.What "Observers" tell us about themselves:•They have a marked need for privacy;•They limit intrusion from a world that wants too much from them;•As a result, "Observers" hoard time, space, energy, knowledge and themselves;•They detach from feelings and observe rather than participate; and,•They are minimalistsType Six: The Loyal SkepticWhat is really going here?...." Basic Proposition: Love and protection are gained by vigilance and endurance.Habitual Focus of Attention: Threat, hazard, difficultiesWhat "Loyal Skeptics" tell us about themselves:•They are preoccupied with safety and security concerns;•They greet everything with a doubting mind, and contrary thinking;•"Loyal Skeptics" report active imaginations that amplify questionable areas;•They question people and authority;•They procrastinate because of fearing the outcome, failing to complete projectsType Seven: The EpicureWhat's next?.....that's my escape from pain." Basic Proposition: Pain and frustration can be avoided and the good life assured by inventing options, opportunities, and adventures.Habitual Focus of Attention: The positive in all thingsWhat "Epicures" tell us about themselves:•Life is an adventure!•"Epicures" are pleasure-seeking and gluttons for experience and enjoyment;•They are optimistic, active, and energetic;•See multiple options, but•have difficulty with commitment; and•Do not want limits on themselvesType Eight: The BossIf people start backing off, that doesn't make my anger go away, but if you match it, it will lowerand I'll sit down and talk." Basic Proposition: Protection and respect are gained by becoming strong and powerful and by hiding vulnerability.Habitual Focus of Attention: Power, Injustices and Control.What "Protectors" tell us about themselves:•They want stimulation and excitement;•They are concerned with strength and protecting the weak;•"Protectors" are direct, confrontational and express their anger immediately;•They are aggressive, intimidating and impulsive; but•Deny their own vulnerability and weakness.Type Nine: The Mediator"Who am I again....?"Basic Proposition: Belonging and comfort are gained by attending to and merging with others and by dispersing energy into substitute objects.Habitual Focus of Attention: The inessential and the agenda of others.What "Mediators" tell us about themselves:•They see all sides to every issue as peacemakers and harmonizers;•They avoid conflict and want the comfortale solution;•They have difficulty saying "no";•They are ambivalent about their own needs and wants;•They "go along to get along".WingsMost, but not all, Enneagram of Personality theorists teach that a person's basic type is modified, at least to some extent, by the personality dynamics of the two adjacent types as indicated on the Enneagram figure. These two types are often called "wings". A person of the Type Three, for example, is understood to have points Two and Four as their wing types. The circle of the Enneagram figure may indicate that the types or points exist on a spectrum rather than as distinct types or points unrelated to those adjacent to them.[citation needed] A person may be understood, therefore, to have a core type and one or two wing types that influence but do not change the core type.Stress and Security PointsThe lines between the points add further meaning to the information provided by the descriptions of the types. Sometimes called the "security" and "stress" points, or points of "integration" and "disintegration", these connected points also contribute to a person's overall personality. There are, therefore, at least four other points that can significantly affect a person's core personality; the two points connected by the lines to the core type and the two wing points.Roman Catholic criticismIn 2000, the United States' Committee on Doctrine produced a draft report on the origins of the Enneagram to aid bishops in their evaluation of its use in their dioceses. The report identified aspects of the intersection between the Enneagram and Catholicism which, in their opinion, warranted particular scrutiny and were seen as potential areas of concern, stating that "While the Enneagram system shares little with traditional Christian doctrine or spirituality, it also shares little with the methods and criteria of modern science... The burden of proof is on proponents of the Enneagram to furnish scientific evidence for their claims." Partly in response to some Jesuits and members of other religious orders teaching a Christian understanding of the Enneagram of Personality, a 2003 Vatican document called Jesus Christ, the Bearer of the Water of Life. A Christian Reflection on the 'New Age' says that the Enneagram "when used as a means of spiritual growth introduces an ambiguity in the doctrine and the life of the Christian faith.。
九型人格初阶课程
九型人格#1 The Perfectionist 完美型Motivated by the need to live life the right way i mprove yourself and others, and ovoid anger行為動機:做事力求正確完美,有原則,有標準,常有自我批判並要求他人按自己標準去做事情的傾向,理性正直,刻意求恭,時常壓抑自己人性中不理性的一面,怒而不宣Basic Fear: Of being condemned潛在恐懼: 受自己良心責備或遭他人譴責Basic Desire: To be right 潛在渴望:事事力求完美In Security: 身心舒泰,無憂無慮時傾向#7In Stress: 身心受壓,自我防衛時傾向#4#2 The Helper 助人型Motivated by the need to be loved and appreciated ,to express your positive feelings towards others, and to avoid being seen as needy.行為動機:渴望被愛,受人感激和認同,他們善解人意,有同情心,熱情地去滿足他人需要而又希望不被察覺.Basic Fear: Of being unloved and unwanted for themselves alone.潛在恐懼:害怕孤獨和不被喜愛Basic Desire: To be loved.潛在渴望:被人關懷,愛護.In Security:身心舒泰,無憂無慮時傾向#4In Stress:身心受壓,自我防衛時傾向#8#3 The Achiever 成就型Motivated by the need to be productive, to achieve success and to avoid failure.行為動機:渴望事業有成就,以目標為主導,重視自我形象,希望被人肯定,受人注意和羨慕,他們能在每一刻中都適當地表現出該有的反應, 善於掌握每個機會,務求達到成功.Basic Fear: Of being rejected.潛在恐懼:被人否定,自己的能力未為他人賞識. Basic Desire: To be accepted. 潛在渴望:自己的能力受他人賞識和認同.In Security: 身心舒泰,無憂無慮時傾向#6In Stress: 身心受壓,自我防衛時傾向#9#4 The Individualist 自我型Motivated by the need to understand your feelings and to be understood, to search for the meaning of life, and to avoid being ordinary.行為動機:渴望自我瞭解和他們的內心感受被人認同,喜歡我行我素,不媚俗,感情豐富,思想浪漫有創意,擁有敏銳的觸覺和審美眼光.Basic Fear: Of being defective or inadequate in some way.潛在恐懼:生命中仍有不足之處,情感世界仍有缺陷. Basic Desire: To understand themselves. 潛在渴望:能更深入的自我瞭解,看透人生.In Security:身心舒泰,無憂無慮時傾向#1In Stress:身心受壓,自我防衛時傾向#2#5 The Thinker 思想型Motivated by the need to know everything and understand the universe, to be self-sufficient and left alone, and to avoid not having the answer or looking foolish.行為動機:渴望比人知得多,懂得快,喜歡運用自己的智慧和理論去駕馭他人,他們冷靜,機智,分析力強,好學不倦,善於理性,有邏輯地去處理問題並將情感抽離,不喜歡自己的空間受到騷擾.Basic Fear: Of being threatened or overwhelmed by another潛在恐懼:被人取締和駕馭,對身邊事物感到無知,束手無策. Basic Desire: To understand the world around them. 潛在渴望:洞悉天下事.In Security:身心舒泰,無憂無慮時傾向#8In Stress:身心受壓,自我防衛時傾向#7#6 The Loyalist 忠誠型Motivated by the need to receive approval, to feel taken careof and to avoid being seen as rebellious.A) Phobia 6 (恐懼型):渴望受到保護和關懷,為人忠心耿耿,但多疑過慮,怕出風頭,怕生事端,怕自己力不從心,怕人虛偽,口是心非,怕事與願違.B) Counter-Phobia 6 (反恐懼型) :要証明自己唔怕而作出相反行為, 有先發制人,後發受制於人的行為心態,疑心大.Basic Fear: Of being abandoned and alone.潛在恐懼:被遺棄和受到孤立對人和事缺乏安全感.Basic Desire: To have security.潛在渴望:感到安定和受保護.In Security:身心舒泰,無憂無慮時傾向#9In Stress:身心受壓,自我防衛時傾向#3#7 The Cheerer 歡樂型Motivated by the need to be happy and plan fun things, to contribute to the world, and to avoid suffering and pain.行為動機:活潑開朗,精力充沛,興趣廣泛,時常想辦法去滿足自己想要的,愛玩,貪新鮮而怕作承諾,渴望擁有更多,傾向逃避煩惱,痛苦和焦慮.Basic Fear: Of being deprived.潛在恐懼:自己的時間和空間被人佔有,受人制肘. Basic Desire: To be happy. 潛在渴望:能開開心心,無拘無束地去尋樂趣.In Security: 身心舒泰,無憂無慮時傾向#5In Stress: 身心受壓,自我防衛時傾向#1#8 The Leader 領袖型Motivated by the need to be self-reliant and strong, to makean impact on the world, and to avoid being weak. 渴望在社會上與人群中有作為,並擔當他們的領導者,他們個性衝動, 權威自信,有正義感,自強不息,愛出風頭,喜歡替他人作主和發施號令,但怕被人發現自己弱小的一面,不屈服於人,不喜歡被人嘲笑和認低威.Basic Fear: Of submitting to other.潛在恐懼:被人支配和指揮.Basic Desire: To be self-reliant.潛在渴望:自己當家作主.In Security:身心舒泰,無憂無慮時傾向#2In Stress:身心受壓,自我防衛時傾向#5#9 The Peacemaker 平和型Motivated by the need to keep the peace, merge with other and avoid conflict.渴望人人能和平共處,怕引起衝突,怕得失別人,怕左右為難,他們不爭名逐利,性格溫順,與世無爭,愛好大自然,不好出位,寫意隨和,但往往給予人一種懶洋洋,沒有個性,慢條斯理和滿不在乎的錯覺.Basic Fear: Of separation from the other潛在恐懼:與人群疏離.Basic Desire: To find union with the other.潛在渴望:與人和平共存並接納他存在.In Security: 身心舒泰,無憂無慮時傾向#3In Stress: 身心受壓,自我防衛時傾向#6可信賴 欠缺彈性 生產力高 武斷 有智慧 固執地強迫他人 有理想 挑剔別人 公平／合理 過於嚴厲／嚴肅誠實 操控 整齊 焦慮 自律 妒忌適應力強 操控別人 有遠見 佔有慾強 慷慨 歇斯底里 熱情 過份迎合別人 關心別人感謝 最極端的 2 號人會過於支配性#1 完美型1 世界。
九型人格34219454
给予者
3 Achiever 成就型 实践者
脑：思考、恐惧、
偏执狂
思想型 Thinker 5
心：感觉、渴望、想象
4 The Romantic 浪漫型
观察者
浪漫主义者
脑部中心负面九型人格
9 怠惰
8 报复
1 憎恨
7 计划 6 懦弱 5 吝啬
执念
2 献媚
3 虚荣 4 忧郁
脑部中心的正面九型人格
9爱
8 真理
外在特征： 行为特征： 内在特征： 短期激励： 长期激励： 成长方向：
成长联系方法：
20
第五类型 思想型
领袖型 Leader 8 支配者
欢乐型 Cheerer 7 享乐主义者
直觉 腹
思维 情绪 脑心
思想型 Thinker 5 观察者
#6 The Loyalist 忠诚型 / The Questioner 质问者
Motivated by the need to be happy and plan fun things, to contribute to the world, and to avoid suffering and pain. 行为动机：活泼开朗，精力充沛，兴趣广泛，时常想办法去满足自己想要的， 爱玩，贪新鲜而怕作承诺，渴望拥有更多，倾向逃避烦恼，痛苦和焦虑。
#2 The Helper 助人型
Motinated by the need to be loved and appreciated , to express your positive feelings towards others,and to avoid being seen as needy. 行为动机：渴望被爱，受人感激和认同，他们善解人意，有同情心，热 情地去满足他人需要而又希望不被察觉。 Basic Fear : Of being unloved and unwanted for themselves alone.
著名人物与九型人格
Observer
Tragic Romantic 4 悲情浪漫者
阳光教育
九型人格 与 某些著名人物
Mediator Boss
8 保护者
朱鎔基 9 调停者 温家宝
Perfectionist
张艺谋
1 完美主义者
Epicure
7 享乐主义者
蔡澜
Giver
2 给予者
巴巴拉. 巴巴拉.布什 李鹏
Devil’s Advocate
7 享乐主义者
Giver
2 给予者
Devil’s Advocate
6 怀疑论者 5 观察者
Performer
3 实干者 Tragic Romantic 4 悲情浪漫者
பைடு நூலகம்阳光教育
Observer
九型人格漫画
9 调停者 8 保护者 1 完美主义者
7 享乐主义者 6 怀疑论者 5 观察者
2 给予者
3 实干者 4 悲情浪漫者
阳光教育
九型人格 与 某些著名人物
Mediator Boss
8 保护者
毛泽东 9 调停者 周恩来
Perfectionist
孙中山
1 完美主义者
Epicure
7 享乐主义者 徐霞客
宋庆龄
Giver
2 给予者
Devil’s Advocate
6 怀疑论者
希特勒
Performer
蒋介石 3 实干者 MJ
释迦牟尼
5 观察者
6 怀疑论者
Performer
章子怡 3 实干者 蔡志忠 王菲
5 观察者
Observer
Tragic Romantic 4 悲情浪漫者
阳光教育
九型性格学
执念 执念 潜在恐惧 潜在恐惧 潜在抱怨 潜在抱怨 潜在渴望 潜在渴望 逃避 逃避 应学习德行 应学习德行 快乐,自由,物质 自己的时间及空间被人 占有,受到制肘 如果我能得到每一样我 想得到的,我会更快乐 开开心心,无拘无朿地 去寻找乐趣 痛苦 节制
支援者/ 2. 助人型 – 支援者/亲善 者
擅长 - 排难解纷,爱心支援,获取多方消息, 协助举办大小活动 弱点 - 欠缺逻辑分析,不懂分轻重,时间管理 差 动机 - 无私奉献,获取爱护 沮丧 - 冷漠无情,不懂欣赏 满足 - 乐於助人,获得回应 关系 - 人际良好,朋友处处 奖赏 - 关注感受,表达感激,肯定热诚
I am special
执念 执念 潜在恐惧 潜在恐惧 潜在抱怨 潜在抱怨 潜在渴望 潜在渴望 逃避 逃避 应学习德行 应学习德行 独特,真诚,自我 情感世界有缺憾,生命中仍 有不足之处 别人都不明白我 能更深入了解自我,看透人 生 平凡 情绪管理
4. 自我型 – 献计者/激发者 献计者/
擅长 - 激发灵感,引起思绪及意念,创造新的 工作模式或规范 弱点 - 容易感染负面情绪,自我封闭,障碍团 队合作 动机 - 追求真我,原创独特 沮丧 - 不被欣赏,无人共鸣 满足 - 体现真我,与众不同 关系 - 独断独行,孤芳自赏 奖赏 - 真诚沟通,创作空间,肯定才华
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7. 活跃型 – 外交家/智多星 外交家/
擅长 - 发动意念,对外宣传,传达快乐和希 望,激发工作热情 弱点 - 工作欠具体计划,低估实际情况,推 卸责任,欠缺自制力 动机 - 追求理想,找寻乐趣 沮丧 - 程序刻板,纪律严明 满足 - 无拘无束,新鲜有趣 关系 - 广结天下,若即若离 奖赏 - 容许选择,开拓新域,肯定创意
九型人格九型人格
1号性格如何提升自己
9. 和平型 8. 领袖型
7. 活跃型
1. 完美型 2. 助人型
6. 忠诚型
3. 成就型
5. 思考型
4. 感觉型
21
1号性格如何提升自己
1上7 不再压抑对整合的本能反应，没有即兴式生活，生命意义深广 放下防卫 彻底放下对人和对事的偏见 好奇，乐观，能听取别人的意见 体会到开放≠放纵，开放=正面积极=接受自己 学会处理愤怒 欢乐、好奇、开放
I can give / I must help others
特质 感性，热心，友善，取悦人，时常感觉自己付出得不够，乐于助人，甘于牺牲，占有欲强，
有感情账簿
顺境(可以爱人及被人爱时) 富有同情心，体恤别人的处境，无条件付出爱
逆境(没有人爱或被背叛时) 蛮横无理，操纵性强，对人有过分要求
处理感情的方法 过分强调别人的需求，而忽略了自己的需求；否认自身需求；对生命失望；充满
怎样管理1号员工 的响应；确保一切程序及架构清晰；教育1号错是对的调校点
时间管理 与时间竞赛
事情
解救方案：不必要“完美”，“够好”就可以了；焦点放在目标/结果上；支持1号对
授权；帮1号将批判转化为建议；让1号抽出时间放松及享受生命
达成共识 1号容易将共识误认为妥协；1号的字典中没有妥协，只有对与错；帮1号将事实、数
九型人格分类
完美型 （Perfectionist）
助人型 (Helper/Giver)
成就型 (Achiever/Motivator)
感觉型 (Artist/Individualist)
重原则，不易妥协，黑白分明，对自己和别人均要求高，追求完 美。 渴望与别人建立良好关系，以人为本，乐于迁就他人。 好胜心强，以成就去衡量自己价值的高低，是一名工作狂。 情绪化，惧怕被人拒绝，觉得别人不明白自己，我行我素。
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将下面短文翻译成中文：Enneagram of Personality 九型人格The Enneagram is a highly sophisticated system of nine personality profiles that are meant to help us know ourselves and others “as we/they are to themselves”. Each type profile serves as a customized road map for on-going personal growth consistent with categories of modern psychological typology. The nine types are as follows:Type One: The Perfectionist"I'm not angry, I'm just trying to get it right!" Basic Proposition: There is a right way and a wrong way to do everything.Habitual Focus of Attention: What is right or wrong, correct or incorrect.What "Perfectionists" tell us about themselves:•They live with a powerful inner critic that monitors every thought, word, and deed;•They worry about getting things right and are unusually sensitive to criticism;•They strive for perfection and feel responsible;•"Perfectionists" also report a focus on being good and repress their impulses/desires for pleasure;•They can be rigid, overly controlled, seeing virtue as its own reward.Type Two: The Giver"I know lots of people who couldn't get along without me. Where's the pride in that?" Basic Proposition: Love and survival depend on "giving to get".Habitual Focus of Attention: Other people's needsWhat "Givers" observe about themselves:• A preoccupation with the needs of others;•Pride in giving and helping;•Sometimes feel taken advantage of;•Have a hard time expressing their own needs;•Are manipulative; and•Alter their self-presentation to meet the needs of important others.Type Three: The Performer"I'm busy all of the time. There's competition in everything I do. I just love that arena." Basic Proposition: Love and recognition are only for "champions".Habitual Focus of Attention: Tasks, Roles, & ResultsWhat "Performers" observe about themselves:•Their primary identification is with accomplishment and success;•They seek approval and acceptance based on performance;•Their attention goes to task;•Image is important;•They feel constant pressure to perform; and•There is an inattention to feelings/"Not now".Type Four: The RomanticI cannot imagine anyone envying me. By comparison, if I had what others had, then I would bemore fulfilled and happy. Basic Proposition: Others enjoy the happiness that I have been denied.Habitual Focus of Attention: "Best" is what's absent.What "Romantics" observe about themselves:•There is a constant longing for the missing ingredient for personal happiness;•Their focus is on the best of what's missing, what’s distant, and what's hard to get;•The "ordinary" pales by comparison;•There is a deeply felt abandonment that translates into a belief that "I am un- loveable”: and, •"Romanitics" feel special and elite. Their suffering sets them apart from others.Type Five: The Observer"I think I feel..." Basic Proposition: Love and respect are gained by practicing self-sufficiency.Habitual Focus of Attention: What others want from me.What "Observers" tell us about themselves:•They have a marked need for privacy;•They limit intrusion from a world that wants too much from them;•As a result, "Observers" hoard time, space, energy, knowledge and themselves;•They detach from feelings and observe rather than participate; and,•They are minimalistsType Six: The Loyal SkepticWhat is really going here?...." Basic Proposition: Love and protection are gained by vigilance and endurance.Habitual Focus of Attention: Threat, hazard, difficultiesWhat "Loyal Skeptics" tell us about themselves:•They are preoccupied with safety and security concerns;•They greet everything with a doubting mind, and contrary thinking;•"Loyal Skeptics" report active imaginations that amplify questionable areas;•They question people and authority;•They procrastinate because of fearing the outcome, failing to complete projectsType Seven: The EpicureWhat's next?.....that's my escape from pain." Basic Proposition: Pain and frustration can be avoided and the good life assured by inventing options, opportunities, and adventures.Habitual Focus of Attention: The positive in all thingsWhat "Epicures" tell us about themselves:•Life is an adventure!•"Epicures" are pleasure-seeking and gluttons for experience and enjoyment;•They are optimistic, active, and energetic;•See multiple options, but•have difficulty with commitment; and•Do not want limits on themselvesType Eight: The BossIf people start backing off, that doesn't make my anger go away, but if you match it, it will lowerand I'll sit down and talk." Basic Proposition: Protection and respect are gained by becoming strong and powerful and by hiding vulnerability.Habitual Focus of Attention: Power, Injustices and Control.What "Protectors" tell us about themselves:•They want stimulation and excitement;•They are concerned with strength and protecting the weak;•"Protectors" are direct, confrontational and express their anger immediately;•They are aggressive, intimidating and impulsive; but•Deny their own vulnerability and weakness.Type Nine: The Mediator"Who am I again....?"Basic Proposition: Belonging and comfort are gained by attending to and merging with others and by dispersing energy into substitute objects.Habitual Focus of Attention: The inessential and the agenda of others.What "Mediators" tell us about themselves:•They see all sides to every issue as peacemakers and harmonizers;•They avoid conflict and want the comfortale solution;•They have difficulty saying "no";•They are ambivalent about their own needs and wants;•They "go along to get along".WingsMost, but not all, Enneagram of Personality theorists teach that a person's basic type is modified, at least to some extent, by the personality dynamics of the two adjacent types as indicated on the Enneagram figure. These two types are often called "wings". A person of the Type Three, for example, is understood to have points Two and Four as their wing types. The circle of the Enneagram figure may indicate that the types or points exist on a spectrum rather than as distinct types or points unrelated to those adjacent to them.[citation needed] A person may be understood, therefore, to have a core type and one or two wing types that influence but do not change the core type.Stress and Security PointsThe lines between the points add further meaning to the information provided by the descriptions of the types. Sometimes called the "security" and "stress" points, or points of "integration" and "disintegration", these connected points also contribute to a person's overall personality. There are, therefore, at least four other points that can significantly affect a person's core personality; the two points connected by the lines to the core type and the two wing points.Roman Catholic criticismIn 2000, the United States' Committee on Doctrine produced a draft report on the origins of the Enneagram to aid bishops in their evaluation of its use in their dioceses. The report identified aspects of the intersection between the Enneagram and Catholicism which, in their opinion, warranted particular scrutiny and were seen as potential areas of concern, stating that "While the Enneagram system shares little with traditional Christian doctrine or spirituality, it also shares little with the methods and criteria of modern science... The burden of proof is on proponents of the Enneagram to furnish scientific evidence for their claims." Partly in response to some Jesuits and members of other religious orders teaching a Christian understanding of the Enneagram of Personality, a 2003 Vatican document called Jesus Christ, the Bearer of the Water of Life. A Christian Reflection on the 'New Age' says that the Enneagram "when used as a means of spiritual growth introduces an ambiguity in the doctrine and the life of the Christian faith.。