2006年南京大学463英语语言学考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

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南京大学语言学考研真题及参考答案(2006～2009)【圣才出品】

10．南京大学语言学考研真题及参考答案（2006～2009）南京大学2009年语言学考研真题考试科目：英语语言文学Ⅰ. Write the International Phonetic Alphabet for the following words. (12/150)(1) attentive (2) deference (3) hypothesis (4) pathetic(5) catastrophe (6) ascent (7) subtlety (8) caveat(9) frugal (10) influenza (11) languid (12) vehement【答案】(1) attentive[] (2) deference[](3) hypothesis[](4) pathetic: [] (5) catastrophe: [](6) ascent: [](7) subtlety: [] (8) caveat: [](9) frugal: [](10) influenza: [] (11) languid: [](12) vehement: []Ⅱ. The following sentence is taken from Barack Obama’s Victory Speech. The underlined words are stressed by Obama. State the general rules of sentence stress and discuss whether the underlined words conform to these rules (e.g.,which ones are generally stressed; which ones are normally not stressed but get stressed here; and which ones that are normally stressed but are not stressed here). (15/150)If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer. 【答案】In general situations, lexical words are normally stressed while grammatical words are unstressed. Those which mainly work for constructing groups, phrase, clause, clause complex, or even text are grammatical words, such as, conjunctions, prepositions, articles, and pronouns. And those which mainly work for referring to substance, action and quality, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are lexical words. Lexical words carry the main content of a language while grammatical ones serve to link together different content parts. Therefore, lexical words are also known as content words and grammatical ones as functional words.In this passage, the verb doubts, wonders, questions, the noun America, things, dream, founders, power, democracy, the adjective: possible, alive, the adverb: still, all, fall into the category of lexical words and are generally stressed. The pronoun: anyone, our and your, are grammatical words which are not normally stressed but get stressed here, and the noun: place, time, tonight, answer, are lexical words that are normally stressed but are not stressed in this text.(本题考查词的分类和重音，根据词性来判断是否应该重读。

2006年南京航空航天大学外国语学院213俄语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2006年南京航空航天大学外国语学院213俄语考研真题及详解ЧАСТЬ1ЧТЕНИЕ(30баллов,50минут)Прочитайтеследующиемикротекстыиподчеркнитеответ,соответствующийсодержаниюпрочитанного.Микротекст1Таня,Лена,ОляиМаксимпереписываются.ВчераТаняполучилатриписьма.Максимнаписал:«УнасвРигесегоднясолнцанет,идётдождьиснег,утромбылонольградус.Янелюблютакуюпогоду».Ленанаписала:«УнасвКрымусейчасоченьхорошо,золотаяосень:нежаркоинехолодно,15градусовтепла».Олянаписала:«Ты,наверное,слышалапорадио,чтовСибириужезима.Многоснега.Унасхолодно:минус18-20градусов.Амненравитсянашазима».1)Гдехорошаяпогода?А.ВРиге.Б.ВКрыму.В.ВСибири.2)Гдеплохаяпогода?А.ВКрыму.Б.ВСибири.В.ВРиге.3)Гдехолодно?А.ВСибири.Б.ВРиге.В.ВКрыму.【答案与解析】1.Б问题是哪里的天气好。

第三段中Лена的回答明确表示克里米亚天气非常好，不冷不热，温度在15摄氏度左右。

2.В问题是哪里的天气不好。

第二段中Максим说他那边没有太阳，下着雨夹雪，早上温度还降到了零度。

3.А问题是哪里的天气很冷。

陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》（考研真题精选选择题）【圣才出品】

陈新仁《英语语⾔学实⽤教程》（考研真题精选选择题）【圣才出品】⼆、选择题1.The maxim of_____requires that a participant’s contribution be relevant to the conversation.（对外经贸⼤学2015研）A.quantityB.qualityC.mannerD.relation【答案】D【解析】在语⾔学中，The Cooperative Principles(合作原则)包括：Quantity Maxim(数量准则)；Quality Maxim(质量准则)；Relation Maxim(关系准则)；MannerMaxim(⽅式准则)。

其中关系准则要求说话要贴切，要有关联(be relevant)，不答⾮所问。

因此答案选D。

2.Derivational morpheme contrasts sharply with inflectional morpheme in that the former changes the_____while the latter does not.（北⼆外2017研）A.meaningB.word classC.formD.speech sound【答案】B【解析】morpheme语素，分为⾃由语素和粘着语素，其中粘着语素包括词根和词缀两种类型，词缀分为派⽣词缀（derivational affixes）和屈折词缀（inflectional affixes）。

派⽣词缀粘附在词根语素上构成新词，也即增加了新的词汇义内容或改变了词的类别归属。

屈折词缀只能改变⼀个词的形式，不能构成新词。

也即屈折词缀增加的是表⽰句法范畴的意义，并且总是不改变词的类别归属。

即两者重要区别在于是否改变了词的类别，故B为正确答案。

3.“Wife”,which used to refer to any woman,stands for“a married woman”in modern English.This phenomenon is knownas_____.（西安交⼤2008研）A.semantic shiftB.semantic broadeningC.semantic elevationD.semantic narrowing【答案】D【解析】词义缩⼩是指原来的词义缩⼩或被限制到某个明确的意义上。

2006年南京师范大学英语语言学考研复试试题

2006年南京师范大学英语语言学考研复试试题一、单选题。

1.Which of the following statements about language is NOT true?A) Language is a system. B) Language is symbolC) Animals also have language. D) Language is arbitrary.2.The word “partner reduction” is an example o f _______ in word formation or use.A) acronym B) blending C) euphemism D) back formation3.All words contain a _______.A) root B) bound morpheme C) prefix D) suffix4.When we say that we can change the second word in the sentence “He is waiting outside” with another word or phrase, we are talking about ________ inside the sentence.A) syntactic relations B) paradigmatic relationsC) linear relations D) government5.Chomsky holds that the major task of linguists is to _______.A) tell people how to speak appropriately.B) study real “ facts” in daily settings.C) look for “the universal grammar”.D) tell people what is right in language use.6._______ is a phrase which can only be understood as a unit, not as a summation of the meaning of each constituent word.A) Collocation B) Idiom C) Semantic component D) synonym7.“We can do things with words”---- this is the main idea of ______.A) the Speech Act Theory B) the Cooperative PrincipleC) the Politeness Principle D) semantics8.Which of the following words is a derivational one ________?A) black board B) teaches C) consideration D) books9.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn’t it?” is _________.A) informative B) phatic C) directive D) performative10.________ is not a suprasegmental feature.A) Aspiration B) Intonation C) Stress D) Tone二、定义1.formality:2.constatives:3.illocutionary act:4.phoneme:5.resultative motivation:6.cognitive strategies:7.critical Period Hypothesis: 8.positive transfer:prehensible input: 10.priming effect:三、判断1.Simplification of grammar occurs, so does elaboration or complication.2.Five general types of speech acts share the same illocutionary point, but differ in strength.3.Speakers of all languages are capable of producing and comprehending an infinite set of sentences.4.Phonology is concerned with the abstract set if sounds in a language which allowsus to distinguish meaning in the actual physical sounds we say and hear.5.The analyst collects samples of the language as it is used, not according to some views of how it should be used. This is called the prescriptive approach.6.The term “learning”, when used of language, refers to the gradual development of ability in a language by using it naturally in communicative situation. The term “acquisition”, however, applied to a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of vocabulary and grammar of a language.7.Broad transcription is normally used by the phoneticians in their study of speech sounds.8.Sense means what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical world.9.The notion of context is essential to the semantic study of language.nguage is both arbitrary and non-arbitrary.四、问答1.Specify the cognitive factors in child language development.2.Draw the tree diagram for the following sentence to show its syntactic structure. The boy who was sleeping was dreaming.3.Specify the five types of synonyms.4.What are the possible causes of language change?五、评论Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, pr of the dictionary-makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the ground.Walt WhitemanDo you share your opinions with Walt Whiteman or not? What’s your understanding of language?。

(完整)2006年考研英语真题及答案,推荐文档

2006年考研英语试题及答案Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.__1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly _____2____. To help homeless people _____3___ independence, the federal government must support job training programs,_____4_____ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing._____5____everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates ____6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. _____7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is_____8____, one of the federal government’s studies _____9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.___11__when homeless individuals manage to find a ___12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day__13__ the street, Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others,____14____not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives _____16__.Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are_17___programs that address the many needs of the homeless. _____18__ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,___19__it. “There has to be _____20___of programs. What we need is a package deal.” 1.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore 2.[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain 3.[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward 4.[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep 5.[A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not 6.[A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ 7.[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that 8.[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending 9.[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers 10.[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss 11.[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only 12.[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house 13.[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering 14.[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas 15.[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance 16.[A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up 17.[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating 18.[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus 19.[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes 20.[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordinationSection II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) Text 1 In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption “launched by the 19th –century department stores that offered ‘vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation------language, home ownership and intermarriage. The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a graveyard” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians. Rodriguez not that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.” Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment. 21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably meansA. identifyingB. associatingC. assimilatingD. monopolizing 22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century A.played a role in the spread of popular culture. B.became intimate shops for common consumers. C.satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite. D.owed its emergence to the culture of consumption. 23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. A.are resistant to homogenization. B.exert a great influence on American culture. C.are hardly a threat to the common culture. D.constitute the majority of the population. 24. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5? A. To prove their popularity around the world. B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants. C. To give examples of successful immigrants. D. To show the powerful influence of American culture. 25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society isA. rewardingB. successfulC. fruitlessD. harmful Text 2 Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (ASC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights. The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making. The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the ESC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall. The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive. Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low. It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)---lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing—room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to themwhen the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.Text 3 When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then. Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now. Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the "shifting baseline". The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business. 31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that A. large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment. B. small species survived as large animals disappeared. C. large sea animals may face the same threat today. D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones 32. We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%. B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago. C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount. D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old. 33. By saying these figures are conservative (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr Worm means that A. fishing technology has improved rapidly B. then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss D. the data collected so far are out of date. 34. Dr Myers and other researchers hold that A. people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time. B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass C. the ocean biomass should restored its original level. D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation 35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ A.management efficiency B.biomass level C.catch-size limits D.technological application. Text 4 Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists' only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire's flowers of evil. You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today. After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too. Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda--to lure us to open our wallets to make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. "Celebrate!" commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks. What we forget--what our economy depends on is forgetting--is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It's a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air. 36.By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that A. Poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music. B. Art grow out of both positive and negative feeling. C. Poets today are less skeptical of happiness. D. Artist have changed their focus of interest. 37. The word “bummer” (Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means somethingA. religiousB. unpleasantC. entertainingD. commercial 38.In the author’s opinion, advertising A.emerges in the wake of the anti-happy part. B.is a cause of disappointment for the general peer C.replace the church as a major source of information D.creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself. 39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes A.Happiness more often than not ends in sadness. B.The anti-happy art is distasteful by refreshing. C.Misery should be enjoyed rather than denied. D.The anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms 40.Which of the following is true of the text? A.Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery. B.Art provides a balance between expectation and reality. C.People feel disappointed at the realities of morality. D.mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part B Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A- G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino where gambling games are played. During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling. He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a Fun Card, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user's gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls electronic morphine. (41)______________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat locked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem. In March 1998, a friend of Williams's got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams's gamblers. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a” cease admissions” letter notingthe medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety have to his safety or well-being. (42) ______________. The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun ... and always bet with your head, not over it”. Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams's suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling”, intentionally worked to ”love” him to “engage in conduct against his will” well. (43) ______________. The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of taking risks in quest of a windfall, (44) ______________.Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities. (45) ______________. Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on --you might say --addicted to--revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers' dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of NEWSWEEK reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web's most profitable business. (A). Although no such evidence was presented, the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected. (B). It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative? (C). By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit. (D). Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is government. (E). David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it. (F). It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will. (G). The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so? Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Our translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points) Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society?I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not Americans, who have become anti-intellectual. First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems .He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals --- the average scientist for one 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties.--- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics. The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living (50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment .This description even fits the majority eminent scholars .“Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing, living in public and industrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say ,“is something else.”Section III Writing Part A 51. Directions: You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) Part B 52. Directions: Study the following photos carefully and write an essay of 160~200 words in which you should 1.describe the photos briefly, 2.interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and 3.give your point of view. 有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上图2 花300元做“小贝头” 注：Beckham 是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。

2003~2006年南京大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2006年南京大学考博英语真题及详解SECTION I STRUCTUREANDVOCABULARY (40%)Part ADirections: Questions 1-10 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four choices, marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (10%)1. You don’t object ______ you by your first name, do you?A. that I callB. for callingC. that I am callingD. to my calling【答案】D【解析】object to (doing) sth.不赞成，反对做某事。

句中my是calling的逻辑主语。

object that结构中，that引出的部分应该是反对某事的理由，本题表达的不是反对理由，因此A项不符合。

2. ______ initial recognition while still quite young.A. Most famous scientists achievedB. That most famous scientists achievedC. Most famous scientists who achievedD. For most famous scientists to achieve【答案】A【解析】根据句子结构判断，空缺部分应该是句子主句部分，while引导的是时间状语，四个选项中，只有A项是独立、完整的句子。

2006年考研英语参考答案及详细解答(4)

2006年考研英语参考答案及详细解答(4) Part B本部分内容请参见Part B（二）答案解析及参考译文Part C篇章导读本文的中心内容为如何改进公众对科学研究的认识。

文章首先提出了虽然不同领域间的相互受益在科学界被广为认同，但公众却不清楚这一事实，之后阐述了改进公众对科学认识的时机已经成熟并讲述了如何提高公众对科学研究的认识，最后作者以农业为例，说明了其它学科领域的研究对生物医学进步所起的作用。

思路解析46.本句的句子主干结构为“……the scientific community could build a more effective case for public support of all science……”，其中“Because……is strong”为because引导的原因状语从句，“by articulating……”为方式状语，在该方式状语中how引导“articulate”的宾语从句。

47.本句的句子主干结构为“……we can work to enhance public appreciation of scientific research……”，其中“by showing……”为方式状语，在该方式状语中how引导“show”的宾语从句。

48.本句为简单句。

句子的主干结构为“……it may appear to have made few significant contributions to biomedicaladvances……”，在该句中“related to human nutrition”为形容词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的“those.”49.本句的主句为“it was……that”的强调句型，其中“at the turn of the century”为时间状语，该时间状语包含一个when引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的“the turn of the century”，该定语从句为连词and连接的并列结构。

2006考研英语答案

2006考研英语答案【篇一：2006年考研英语二真题和答案】英语试题section i vocabulary （10 points ）directions: there are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. for each sentence there are four choices marked a, b, c, and d. choose the one that best completes the sentence then blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a pencil.1. in some countries girls are still_____ of a good education.a. denied.b. declinedc. derivedd. deprived2. as the years passed, the memories of her childhood______ away.a. fadedb. disappearedc. flashedd. fired3. brierley’s book has the________ of being both informative and readable.a. inspirationb. requirementsc. mythd. merit4. if i have any comments to make, i’ll write them in the______of the book i’m readinga. edgeb. pagec. margind. side5. my ________would really trouble me if i wore a fur coat.a. consciousnessb. consequencec. constitutiond. conscience6. when the post fell _______, dennis bass was appointed to fill it.a. emptyb. vacantc. hollowd. bare7. mother who takes care of everybody is usually the most_________person in each family.a. considerateb. considerablec. consideringd. constant8. for ten years the greeks _______the city of troy to separate it from the outside.a. capturedb. occupiedc. destroyedd. surrounded9. other guests at yesterdays opening, which wasbroadcast______ by the radio station, included anne mclntosh and the mayor.a. liveb. alivec. livingd. lively10.a new zealand man was recently _____ to life imprisonment for the murder of an english tourist, monica cantwell.a. punishedb. accusedc. sentencedd. put11.the past 22 years have really been amazing, and every prediction weve made about improvements have all come____a. trulyb. truec. truthd. truthful12.the teachers tried to ______these students that they could solve the complicated problem, however, they just didn’t see the point.a. convinceb. encouragec. consultd. concerna. subjectedb. supposedc. declinedd. inclined14. she is under the impression that he isn’t a ________ person for he wouldn’t tell her where and when he went to university.a. geniusb. generousc. genuined. genetic15. the first glasses of coca-cola were drunk in 1886. the drink was first _____by a us chemist called john pembertona. formedb. madec. foundd. done16.these two chemicals ______with each other at a certain temperature to produce a substance which could cause an explosion.a. interactb. attractc. reactd. expel17. ________they can get people in the organization to do what must he done, they will not succeed.a. sinceb. unlessc. ifd. whether18. once you have started a job, you should do it__________.a. in practiceb. in theoryc. in earnestd. in a hurry19. although the new library service has been very successful, its future is ______certain.a. at any rateb. by no meansc. by all meansd. at any cost20.to my surprise, at yesterdays meeting he again________the plan that had been disapproved a week before.a. brought aboutb. brought outc. brought upd. brought downsection ii cloze (10 points)directions: for each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked a, b,c and d. choose the best one and mark your answer on the answet sheet with a pencil.wholesale prices in july rose more sharply than expected and at a faster rate than consumer prices,21 that businesses were still protecting consumers22 the full brunt (冲击) of higher energy costs.the producer price index,23 measures what producers receive for goods and services,24 1 percent in july, the labor department reported yesterday, double25 economists had been expecting and a sharp turnaround from flat prices in june. excluding26 and energy, the core index of producer prices rose 0.4 percent,27 than the 0.1 percent that economists had28.much of that increase was a result of an29 increase in car and truck prices.on tuesday, the labor department said the30 that consumers paid for goods and services in july were310.5 percent over all, and up 0.1 percent, excluding food and energy.32 the overall rise in both consumer and producerprices33caused by energy costs, which increased 4.4 percent in the month. (wholesale food prices340.3 percent in july.35july 2004, wholesale prices were up 4.6 percent, the core rate36 2.8 percent, its fastest pace since 1995.typically, increases in the producer price index indicate similar changes in the consumer index 37 businesses recoup (补偿) higher costs from customers. 38 for much of this expansion, which started39 the end of 2001, that has not been the40 . in fact, many businesses like automakers have been aggressively discounting their products21. a. indicate b. to indicatec. indicatingd. indicated22. a. of b. to c. byd. from23. a. that b. which c. itd. this24. a. rise b. rises c. rose d. raised25.a. that b. what c. which d. this26. a. food b. grain c. crop d. diet27. a. less b. lower c. higher d. more28. a. said b. reportedc. calculatedd. forecast29. a. expectable b. unexpectedc. expectation d. expecting30. a. pricesb. costs c. chargesd. values31. a. downb. from c. to d. up32. a. muchb. most c. most ofd. much of33. a. was b. were c. isd. are34. a. fallb. fell c. fallsd. has fallen35. a. comparing with b. in comparison c. compared with d. compare to36. a. dropped b. declinedc. lifted d. climbed37. a. asb. so c. while d. when38. a. and b. but c. yetd. still39. a. atb. by c. in d. to40. a. conditionb. situationc. matter d. casesection iii reading comprehension (40 points)directions: there are 4passages in this part. each passage os followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marded a, b, c, and d. you should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a pencil.questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:office jobs are among the positions hardest hit by compumation (计算机自动化). word processors and typists will lose about 93,000 jobs over the next few years, while57,000 secretarial jobs will vanish. blame the pc: today, many executives type their own memos and carry their：“secretaries”in the palms of their hands. time is also hard for stock clerks, whose ranks are expected to decrease by 68,000. and employees in manufacturing firms and wholesalers are being replaced with computerized systems.but not everyone who loses a job will end up in the unemployment line. many will shift to growing positions within their own companies. when new technologies shook up the telecomm business, telephone operator judy dougherty pursued retraining. she is now a communications technician, earning about $ 64,000 per year. of course, if youve been a tollbooth collector for the past 30 years, and you find yourself replaced by an enot;-zpass machine, it may be of little consolation(安慰) to know that the telecomm field is booming. and thats just it: the service economy is fading; welcome to the expertise(专门知识) economy. to succeed in the new job market, you must be able to handle complex problems. indeed, all but one of the 50 highest-paying occupations---air-traffic controller---demand at least a bachelor’s degree. for those with just a high school diploma(毕业证书),its going to get tougher to find a well-paying job. since fewer factory and clerical jobs will be available, whats left will be the jobs that compumation can’t kill: computers can’t clean offices ,or care for alzheimers patients(老年痴呆病人). but ,since most people have the skills to fill those positions, the wages stay painfullylow ,meaning compumation could drive an even deeper wedge (楔子) between the rich and poor. the best advice now: never stop learning ,and keep up with new technology.for busy adults, of course, that can be tough. the good news is that the very technology thats reducing so many jobs is also making it easier to go back to school without having to sit in a classroom. so-called internet distance learning is hot, with more than three million students currently eoll ed , and it’s gaining credibility with employers.are you at risk of losing your job to a computer ? check the federal bureau of laborstatistics occupational outlook handbook, which is available online at bls. gov.41、from the first paragraph we can infer that all of the following persons are easily thrown into unemployment except.a. secretariesb. stock clerksc. managersd. wholesalers42、in the second paragraph the author mentions the tollbooth collector toa. mean he will get benefits from the telecomm fieldb. show he is too old to shift to a new positionc. console him on having been replaced by a machined. blame the pc for his unemployment43.by saying “ ┅ compumation could drive an even deeper wedg e between the rich and poor ”(line 5, para. 4) the author meansa. people are getting richer and richerb. there will be a small gap between rich and poorc. the gap between rich and poor is getting larger and largerd. it’s time to close up the gap b etween the rich and poor44、what is the authors attitude towards computers?a. positiveb. negativec. neutrald. prejudiced45、which of the following might serve as the best title of passage?a. blaming the pcb. the booming telecomm fieldc. internet distance leaningd. keeping up with compumationquestion 46 to 50 are based on the following passage：tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. these diplomas wont look any different from those awarded their luckierclassmates .their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate(半文盲)eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational –repair shops—adult–literacy programs, such as the one where i teach basic grammar and writing. there, high-school graduates and high-school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school, they will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.i will never forget a teacher who got the attention of one of my children by revealing the trump card of failure. our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by until mrs. stifter.our son was high-school senior when he had her for english. ―he sits in the back of the room talking to his friends.‖ she told me, ―why dont you move him to the front row? ‖ i urged, believing the embarrassment would get him to settle down. mrs. stifter said, i dont move seniors. i flunk (使┅不及格) them. our sons academic life flashed before my eyes. no teacher had ever threatened him. by the time i got home i was feeling pretty good about this .it was a radical approach for these times, but, we ll, why not? ―shes going to flunk you.‖ i told my son.i did not discuss it any further. suddenly english became a priority (头等重要) in his life. he finished out the semester with an a.i know one example doesnt make a case, but at night i see a parade of students who are angry for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up. of average intelligence or better, they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish.‖ i should have been held back,‖ is a comment i h ear frequently. even sadder are those students who are high-school graduates who say to me after a few weeks of class.‖ i don’t know how i ever got a high-school diploma.‖passing students who have not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expect graduates to have basic skills. we excuse this dishonest behavior by saying kids cant learn if they come from terrible environments. no one seems to stop to think that most kids dont put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at risk. theyd rather be sailing.many students i see at night have decided to make education a priority. they are motivated by the desire for a better job or the need to hang on to the one theyve got. they have a healthy fear of failure.people of all ages can rise above their problems, but they need to have a reason to do so. young people generally dont have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it. but fear of failure can motivate both.46.what is the subject of this essay?a. view point on learningb. a qualified teacherc. the importance of examinationd. the generation gap47.how did mrs. sifter get the attention of one of the author’s children?a. flunking himb. moving his seatc. blaming himd. playing card with him48.the author believes that the most effective way for a teacher is toa. purify the teaching environments .b. set up cooperation between teachers and parents.c. hold back student.d. motivate student.49. from the passage we can draw the conclusion that the authors’ attitude toward flunking isa. negativeb. positivec. biasedd. indifferent50. judging from the content, this passage is probably written fora. administratorsb. studentsc. teachersd. parentsquestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:names have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education. as colleges strive for market share, they are looking for names that project the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make. trenton state college, for example, became the college of new jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to students from throughout the state.【篇二：2006年考研英语试题及答案】class=txt>section i use of englishdirections:read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [a], [b], [c] or [d] on answer sheet 1.(10 points)the homeless make up a growing percentage of america?s population. 1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can?t possibly 2. to help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the number of americans who are homeless. estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8. one of the federal government?s studies 9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street. part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. and a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives 16. boston globe reporter chris reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 edward zlotkowski, director of community service at bentley college in massachusetts, 19 it, “there has to be 20 of programs. what?s needed is a package deal.” 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12. [a] indeed[b] likewise[c] therefore[d] furthermore [a]stand[b] cope[c] approve[d] retain [a] in[b] for[c] with[d]toward [a] raise[b] add[c] take[d] keep [a] generally[b] almost[c] hardly[d] not [a] cover[b] change[c] range[d] differ [a] nowthat[b] although[c] provided[d] except that [a] inflating[b] expanding[c] increasing[d] extending [a] predicts[b] displays[c] proves[d] discovers [a] assist[b] track[c] sustain[d] dismiss [a] hence[b] but[c] even[d] only [a] lodging[b] shelter[c] dwelling[d] house13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20. [a] searching[b] strolling[c] crowding[d] wandering [a] when[b] once[c] while[d] whereas [a] life[b] existence[c] survival[d] maintenance [a] around[b] over[c] on[d] up [a] complex[b] comprehensive[c] complementary[d] compensating [a] so[b] since[c] as[d] thus [a] puts[b]interprets[c] assumes[d] makes [a] supervision[b] manipulation[c] regulation[d] coordinationsection ii reading comprehensionpart adirections:read the following four texts. answer the questions beloweach text by choosing [a], [b], [c], or [d]. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (40 points)text 1in spite of “endless talk of difference,” american society is an amazing machine for people. there is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. people are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. this turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” the mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. writing for the national immigration forum, gregory rodriguez reports that today?s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. in 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. in the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.the 1990 census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke english ?well? or ?very well? after ten years of residence.” the children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in english. “by the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” hence the description of america as a “graveyard” for languages. by 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born americans.foreign-born asians and hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do u.s.-born whites and blacks.” b y the third generation, one third of hispanic women are married to non-hispanics, and 41 percent of asian-american women are married to non-asians.rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like arnold schwarzenegger and garth brooks, yet “some americans fear that immigrants livingwithin the united states remain somehow immune to the nation?s assimilative power.”are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in america? indeed. it is big enough to have a bit of everything. but particularly when viewed against america?s turbulent past, today?s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. the word “homogenizing” (line 2, paragraph 1) most probably means ________.[a] identifying[b] associating[c] assimilating[d] monopolizing22. according to the author, the department stores of the 19th century ________.[a] played a role in the spread of popular culture[b] became intimate shops for common consumers[c] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[d] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. the text suggests that immigrants now in the u.s. ________.[a] are resistant to homogenization[b] exert a great influence on american culture[c] are hardly a threat to the common culture[d] constitute the majority of the population24. why are arnold schwarzenegger and garth brooks mentioned in paragraph 5?[a] to prove their popularity around the world.[b] to reveal the public?s fear of immigrants.[c] to give examples of successful immigrants.[d] to show the powerful influence of american culture.25. in the author?s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into american society is ________.[a] rewarding[b] successful[c] fruitless[d] harmfultext 2stratford-on-avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- william shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. there is the royal shakespearecompany (rsc), which presents superb productions of the plays at the shakespeare memorial theatre on the avon. and there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at anne hathaway?s cottage, shakespeare?s birthplace and the other sights.the worthy residents of stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. they frankly dislike the rsc?s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. it?s all deliciously ironic when you consider that shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.the tourist streams are not entirely separate. the sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in warwick castle and blenheim palace on the side -- don?t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in stratford. however, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. it is the playgoers, the rsc contends, who bring in much of the town?s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. the sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.the townsfolk don?t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the royal shakespeare company. stratford cries poor traditionally. nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with hamlet hamburger bars, the lear lounge, the banquo banqueting room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.anyway, the townsfolk can?t understand why the royal shakespeare company needs a subsidy. (the theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. last yearits 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they?ll do better.) the reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.it would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are stratford?s most attractive clientele. they come entirely for the plays, not the sights. they all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans andsandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. from the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.[a] the townsfolk deny the rsc?s contribution to the town?s revenue[b] the actors of the rsc imitate shakespeare on and off stage[c] the two branches of the rsc are not on good terms[d] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. it can be inferred from paragraph 3 that ________.[a] the sightseers cannot visit the castle and the palace separately[b] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[c] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[d] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28. by saying “stratford cries poor traditionally” (line 2-3, paragraph 4), the author implies that________.[a] stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[b] stratford has long been in financial difficulties[c] the town is not really short of money[d] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. according to the townsfolk, the rsc deserves no subsidy because ________.[a] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[b] the company is financially ill-managed[c] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[d] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. from the text we can conclude that the author ________.[a] is supportive of both sides[b] favors the townsfolk?s view[c] takes a detached attitude[d] is sympathetic to the rsctext 3when prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. they suddenly became extinct. smaller species survived. the large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quicklyhunted to extinction. now something similar could be happening in the oceans.that the seas are being overfished has been known for years. what researchers such as ransom myers and boris worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. they have lookedat half a century of data from fisheries around the world. their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. according to their latest paper published in nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. in some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.dr. worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. one reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. today?s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. that means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. in the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leadingto an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. that is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.dr. myers and dr. worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. they believe the data support an idea current amongm arine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” the notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. thatmatters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. the extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ________.[a] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[b] small species survived as large animals disappeared[c] large sea animals may face the same threat today[d] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. we can infer from dr. myers and dr. worm?s paper that________.[a] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%[b] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[c] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount[d] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33. by saying these figures are conservative (line 1, paragraph3), dr. worm means that ________.[a] fishing technology has improved rapidly[b] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[c] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[d] the data collected so far are out of date34. dr. myers and other researchers hold that ________.[a] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[b] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[c] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[d] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35. the author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries? ________.[a] management efficiency[b] biomass level[c] catch-size limits[d] technological applicationtext 4many things make people think artists are weird. but the weirdest may be this: artists? only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.。

[研究生入学考试]2006-英语真题详解-精品文档

2006年江苏省普通高校“专转本”统一考试大学英语参考答案1．B由第一节可知，很多人享受于家庭园艺。

2．C第二节中“从春季到深秋”即大半年的时间。

3．A由第四节第一句可知，人们花在花园上的钱可多可少。

4．D由第五节最后一句可知。

5．B由最后一节最后一句可知。

6．C由本文第一句可知，以前女性不出门工作，人们思想较为保守，女秘书会干扰到职员们的工作。

7．B。

由第二节可知，女秘书们需要为上司做所有的事情。

8．A。

由第三节可知，现代社会的芯片和高科技可以取代秘书做很多事情。

9．C由第三节和第四节可知，秘书这一职位会因为科技含量的提高而提高社会地位，这在美国已经成为了事实。

10．A。

在最后一节中，作者认为男人有实力竞争这一职业。

11．A。

全篇意在说明与全球的生物进化相比，人类历史只有很短的时间。

12．D。

由第二节最后一句可知。

13．B。

根据第二节第二句可知，地球在二月份温度降低，变成坑状，形成最初的海洋。

由此可以推断，最初的地球温度很高。

14．C。

由第三节最后一句可知。

15．C。

由本文最后一句可知，《独立宣言》的签订比新年早一分钟。

16．A。

第一节主要是讨论网络求职给求职者带来了更长的等待回复的时间。

17．D。

本题可采用排除法。

Challenger教授陈述了网络求职成功率的低下，认为网络不应该仅仅用来投电子简历，建议求职者与招聘方面对面。

18．D。

由第二节可知，很多不符合岗位要求的简历增加了求职者等待回复的时间。

19．B。

因为不相关简历的增加，所以降低求职者简历到达招聘人面前几率的“过滤软件”也出现了。

20．B。

由倒数第二节可知，网络确实是职场的一场革命，给求职者带来了更多的机会。

PartⅡ21．D。

“当距离太阳更近时”，地球转得更快。

22．C。

主语中心词是number，因此谓语用单数形式。

23．D。

realistic义为“现实的”，accurate义为“准确的”，exact义为“精确的”，genuine义为“真实的”。

2006年南开大学外国语学院专业英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2006年南开大学外国语学院专业英语考研真题及详解第一部分英美文学、比较文学与比较文化试题I. Multiple choice: choose the one best answer. Please write all your answers on the Answer Sheets. (20 points)1. Four Quartets was written by ______.A. D.H. LawrenceB. T.S. EliotC. William Butler YeatsD. Robert Bums【答案】B【解析】本题考查《四个四重奏》的作者。

《四个四重奏》是艾略特的作品。

2. Nineteen Eighty-four is ______.A. H.G Well’s last literary attempt to predict the futureB. a novel depicting life in a completely authoritarian stateC. a Blake-like poem replete with apocalyptic visionD. an account of an atomic war【答案】B【解析】本题考查《1984》的相关知识。

《1984》是英国左翼作家乔治·奥威尔于20世纪40年代末所著小说。

此书是经典的反乌托邦小说。

奥威尔刻画了一个令人感到窒息和恐怖的，以追逐权力为最终目标的假想的极权主义社会，通过对这个社会中一个普通人生活的细致刻画，揭示了任何形式下的极权主义必将导致人民甚至整个国家成为悲剧。

3. The experience which William Shakespeare, Sir Philip Sidney, and Edmund Spenser had in common was the following: ______.A. They all wrote poems on the subject of Venus and Adonis.B. They all wrote sonnet sequence.C. They all dedicated poems to the earl of Southampton.D. They all wrote tragedies.【答案】B【解析】本题考查莎士比亚，锡德尼和斯宾塞三人文学的共同点。

2006年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2006年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】2006年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Structure (20 points, l point each)Directions: In this section, there are 15 sentences each with one word or phrase missing Choose one of the four choices marked A. B. C. and D that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening it.1. I ought to _____ them about the new, but I forgot to do so.A. remember tellingB. remember having toldC. have remembered to tellD. have remembered telling【答案】C【解析】ought to have done表示对过去事情的虚拟，意为“本应该，而实际上并未做”。

remember to do sth.记得去做某事。

remember doing sth.记得做过某事。

2. On that rainy night, John told his father that the lock on the door _____ loose.A. was feltB. felt likeC. was feelingD. felt【答案】D【解析】感官动词feel，taste，sound，smell等无需用被动语态，后面直接加形容词。

3. _____ now, he prefers a quiet life.A. T o be all old manB. Being an old manC. Having been an old manD. Be an old man【答案】B【解析】根据句中的now可判断，空白处需填表示目前状况的短语，选项B现在分词短语做状语，表进行。

(完整版)英语语言学考研真题与典型题详解1

1.3考研真题与典型题详解I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be called ______ features. (北二外2006研)2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研)3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication.4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences ba sed on limited rules. This feature is usually termed______5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______.6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rul es for people to observe.7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing.8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研)9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______. (北二外2004研)10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研)11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研)12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a lang uage, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研)13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relations hip between language and society.14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (北二外2008研)15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utteran ces) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguisticlinguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研)16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study.17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Cho msky’s______.18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”, whi ch is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking，listening，writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors.19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研)20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研)II. Multiple Choice1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院2008研)A. ArbitrarinessB. ConventionC. Duality2.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研)A. treeB. crashC. typewriterD. bang3. A linguist regards the changes in language and languages use as______.A. unnaturalB. something to be fearedC. naturalD. abnormal4. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, d ue to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability.B. Duality.C. Displacement.D. Arbitrariness:5. The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with______. (大连外国语学院2008研)A. articulatory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. auditory phonetics6. Which of the following statements is true of Jacobson’s framework of language functions?A. The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake.B. The emotive function is to convey message and inf ormation.C. The conative function is to clear up intentions, words and meanings.D. The phatic function is to establish communion w ith others.7.Which of the following is a main branch of linguistics? (大连外国语学院2008研)A. MacrolinguisticsB. PsycholinguisticsC. Sociolinguistics8. ______ refers to the system of a language, i. e. the arrangement of sounds and words which speakers of a language have a shared knowledge of. (西安外国语学院2006研)A. LangueB. CompetenceC. Communicative competenceD. Linguistic potential9.The study of language at one point in time is a _______ study. (北二外2010研)A. historicalB. synchronicC. descriptiveD. diachronic10. “An refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2,000 years ago. ” This shows that language has the design feature of _ ____.A. arbitrarinessB. creativityC. dualityD. displacement11. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degree Centigrade” is .A. interrogativeB. directiveC. informativeD. performative 12.Saussure is closely connected with______. (大连外国语学院2008研) A. Langue B. Competence C. EticIII. True or False1. Onomatopoeic words can show the arbitrary nature of language. (清华2000研)2. Competence and performance refer respectively to a language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concrete situations.3. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not language4. Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative, and conventionality of language makes a language be passed from generation to generation. As a foreign language learner, the latter is mere important for us.5. The features that define our human languages can be called DESIGN FEATURES. (大连外国语学院2008研)6. By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language.7. Langue is relatively stable and systematic while parole is subject to personal and situational constraints.8. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.9. In language classrooms nowadays the grammar taught to students is basically descriptive, and more attention is paid to the developing learners’ communicative skills.10. Language is a system of arbitrary, written signs which permit all the people in a given culture, or other people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or interact.11. Saussure’s exposition of synchronic analysis led to the school of historical linguistics.12. Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning.13. Wherever humans exist, language exists. (对外经贸2006研)14. Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.15. Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refers to the fact that language has two levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of meanings.16. Prescriptive linguistics is more popular than descriptive linguistics, because it can tell us how to speak correct language. IV. Explain the following terms.1.Duality (北二外2010研；南开大学2010研)2.Design featurespetence4.Displacement (南开大学2010研；清华2001研)5.Diachronic linguistics6. Descriptive linguistics7.Arbitrariness(四川大学2006研)V. Short answer questions1. Briefly explain what phonetics and phonology are concerned with and what kind of relationships hold between the two. (北外2002研)参考答案及解析I.Fill in the blanks.1.Design (人类语言区别于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区别特征，是人类语言特有的特征。

硕士研究生英语学位真题2006年1月_真题(含答案与解析)-交互(653)

硕士研究生英语学位真题2006年1月(总分80, 做题时间90分钟)Part I VocabularySection ADirections:There are ten questions in tills section. Each question is a sentence with one wold of phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1.These figures boil down to no significance as they are statistically imperfect.A. amount toB. conform toC. contributeto D. attach toSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A2.The researchers are working hard to find the optimal concentration of this drug.A. most poisonousB. most likelyC. mostfamous D. most desirableSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D3.This young lawyer dares to take on the powerful on behalf of the poor and weak.A. with the favor ofB. find good jobs forC. assume the responsibility forD. accept the challenge ofSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D4.The last traces of respectability had vanished by the time he was convicted and imprisoned.A. collapsedB. disappearedC.perished D. scatteredSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B5.Fearful of losing her job for good, this lady decided to talk to the manager directly.A. for benefitsB. by luckC. forever D. at hand.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C6.An important innovation in this college was the introduction of the seminary method for advanced students.A. ideaB. changeC.matter D. policySSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B7.This archaeologist made a study of the vast area through which the Roman civilization has been propaqated.A. extendedB. terminatedC.speculated D. restrictedSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A8.The investor would suffer a lot from a television series that was heavily invested in but never came off.A. was releasedB. proved satisfactoryC. **pletelyD. won awardsSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B9.Given the gravity of the situation, the best thing we can do is to declare **pany bankrupt.A. gravitationB. fascinationC.seriousness D. incurabilitySSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C10.When the symptom occurs, she finds it difficult to manipulate a pencil despite her young age.A. utilizeB. handleC.master D. dominateSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:BSection BDirections: There are ten questions in this section. Each questionis a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words of phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word of phrasethat **pletes the sentence. Mark the corresoonding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scorihg Answer Sheet.11.The country once threatened to ______ diplomatic relations with its neighbor if the latter was too friendly to the rebels.A. show offB. keep offC. break offD. call offSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C12.In English leaning, a ______ circle occurs when a student makes more errors after being scolded.A. viciousB. vigorousC. verticalD. voluntarySSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A13.Some ancient people were able to tell the time by the shadow ______ by the sun on the slate.A. thrownB. flungC. castD. tossed(upward)SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C14.**pels districts to devote their limited resources to achieving results **pare _______ with other local districts.A. significantlyB. favorablyC. dramaticallyD. superficiallySSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B15.If you don't know how to ______ your achievements, your parting from this world is going to be a nightmare.A. take hold ofB. get rid ofC. let go ofD. make fun ofSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C16.This country could have as many as 10 million cases of AIDS in 2010 if the ______ is not taken seriously.A. episodeB. epidemicC. equivalentD. eruptionSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B17.With a wide variety of fresh fruit ______ available, canner fruit is no longer so popular as before.A. willinglyB. appropriatelyC. confidentlyD.readily=easilySSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D18.The crisis over parliamentary election illustrated the unpredictable _______ that events could take once the coalition troops are withdrawn.A. processB. lineC.way D. courseSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D19.Decades of ______ might have been partially responsible for our ignorance of development abroad.A. insulationB. irrigationC. integrationD. isolationSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D20.There have been some insensible people who attempt to end their pains ______ through suicide.A. by and largeB. once for all=foreverC. heart andsoul D. on the wholeSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:BPart Ⅱ ClozeDirections:There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrases marked A, B, C and D or each blank in the passage. Mark the oorresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-sooring Answer Sheet.There is now a new keychain device that lets people turn off most TVs anywhere —— from airports to restaurants. And it is selling faster than 21 . "1 thought there would just be a few sales, but we can't 22 demand," said inventor Mitch Altman of San Francisco, U.S. "1 didn't know there were so many people who wanted to turn TVs off."Hundreds of orders for Altman's US $14.99 TV-B-Gone device poured in last week. The tiny remote control device had been 23 in Wired magazine and other online media outlets. 24 , the unexpected attention overloaded the website of **pany. Cornfield Electronics, and caused it to 25 .The keychain device works like a 26 remote control ——but it only turns TVs on or off. With a push of the button, it goes through a 27 of about 200 infrared codes that control the power of about1,000 television models. Altman said the majority of TVs should 28 within 17 seconds. It takes a little more than a minute for the device to 29 all the trigger codes.The 47-year-old Altman got the idea for TV-B-Gone a decade ago. He was out with friends at a restaurant and they found themselves all 30 .by the TV, but no one was around to turn it off.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN21.A. expectsB. expectationC.expected D. expectingA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN22.A. give in toB. hold on toC. make upfor D. keep up withA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN23.A. acknowledgedB. announcedC. admittedD. appliedA B C D该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 1 答案:B SSS_SIMPLE_SIN 24.A. At timesB. On timeC. Behind timeD. At the same timeA B C D该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 1答案:A SSS_SIMPLE_SIN25.A. clashB. crush=smashC. cruiseD. crashA B C D该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 1答案:D SSS_SIMPLE_SIN 26.A. commonplaceB. universalC. meanD. mediumA B C D该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN27.A. stringB. flockC.school D. fleetA B C D该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN28.A. repelB. repeatC.react D. reproach=blameA B C D该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN29.A. submitB. permitC. omit D. emitA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN30.A. botheredB. hauntedC.interrupted D. hinderedA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ASection ASection BPart Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensiveDirections:in this part of the test, there are bye short passages.Read each passage carefully and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the tour choices given and mark the corresoonding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneAnimals are more like us than we ever imagined. They feel pain, they experience stress, and they show affection, excitement and love. All these finding have been made by scientists in recent years——and such results are beginning to change how we view animals.Strangely enough, this research was sponsored by fast **panies like McDonald's and KFC. Pressured by animal rights groups, **panies felt they had to fund scientists researching the emotional and mental states of animals.McDonald's, for instance, funded studies on pig behaviors at Purdue University, Indiana. This research found that pigs seek affection and easily become depressed if left alone or prevented from playing with each other. If they become depressed, they soon become physically ill. Because of this, and other similar studies, the European Union has banned the use of isolating pig stalls from 2012. In Germany, the government is encouraging pig farmers to give each pig 20 seconds of human contact a day, and to provide them with toys to prevent them from fighting.Other scientists have shown that animals think and behave like humans.Koko, the 300-pound gorilla (大猩猩)at the Gorilla Foundation inNorthern California, for instance, has been taught sign language. Koko can now understand several thousand English words, more than many humans who speak English as a second language. On human IQ tests, she scores between 70 and 95.Before such experiments, humans thought language skills were absent from the animal kingdom. Other myths are also being overturned, like the belief that animals lack self-awareness. Studies have also shown that animals mourn their dead, and that they play for pleasure.These striking similarities between animal and human behavior have led some to ask a question: "If you believe in evolution, how can't you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?"Until recently, scientists believed that animals behaved by instinct and that what appeared to be learned behavior was merely genetically programmed activity. But as Koko the Gorilla shows, this is not the case. In fact, learning is passed from parents tooffspring far more often than not in the animal kingdom.So what implications does this knowledge have for humans? Because of this, should we ban hunting and animal testing? Should we close zoos? Such questions are being raised by many academics and politicians. Harvard and 25 other American law schools have introduced courses on animal rights.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.The author feels it strange that the research was sponsored by fast **panies like McDonald's and KFC probably because **panies _______.A.are the largest fast food chains in the world.B. havelittle to do with animals.C. consume a large amount of meat each day.D. are notorious for their ill-treatment to animals.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN2.The experiment with Koko showsA. gorillas' IQ scores are as high as human beings'B. animals are much cleverer than we used to believe.C. parent animals can pass learning to their offspring intentionally.D. some gorillas are smarter than many humans.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN3.Which of the following is NOT true according to the studies?A. Some animals have developed language skills.B. Some animals can show their feelings.C. Animals enjoy playing with eachother. D. Animals become indifferent when one of them dies.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN4.By citing the question "If you believe in evolution, how can't you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?" the author means ______.A. human feelings can trace their origin back to animals.B. animal's feelings are as developed as human beings'.C. from the point of view of evolution animals should have no feelings.D. we can't believe that animals have feelings that human beings have.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN5.The studies urge us to _______.A. stop killing animals for food.B. bail hunting and animal testingC. close zoos and animal farmsD. change our ways to treat animals.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN6.The purpose of this passage is to tell us that ______.A. animals are much smarter than we ever imagined.B. animals rights should be taught in schools.C. we should show greater respect to animals.D. animals rights should be protected worldwide.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CPassage TwoTies have no practical use at all and most men see them as part of a uniform instead of an independent piece of clothing. But, these small strips of cloth should not be underestimated, fashion experts say.The shirt, suit or jacket are neutral means of expression. But, the tie gives you the final personal touch, experts suggest.In fact, its color also has psychological im portance. "Red, for instance, evokes feelings of warmth and intimacy", according to Axel Venn. He's a professor of design at the University of Applied Sciences and Art in Germany. "It also stands for energy, dynamism and strength."Using shades of color requires understanding and sensitivity. Orange is regarded as a lively color. Blue stands for matter-of-fact, solitude and coolness. Shiny yellow stirs amusement. Green is the color of nature and harmony.It's only when the color fits the personal character that it is viewed as authentic."A lively orange with a black suit and white shirt can look great at a private party or in an artistic environment," Venn says. "In a conservative environment such as in a bank such dress is unsuitable."Imme Vogelsang, a trainer of etiquette in Hamburg, Germany, recommends in business environment how contrasting colors such as wine red, dark green or dark blue.But feminine colors have also become popular. "Light green and a fine rose color play an increasing role. Such colors express innovation and sensitivity," Venn says.Also, patterns that stand out can be an interesting eye catcher in a private environment but are unsuitable in business."Stripes and small geometric patterns are more appropriate in business," Vogelsang says, "but stripes should never run vertically or horizontally."With diagonal stripes it is important to look at the direction. They should run from the bottom left to the right top. "This symbolizes dynamism. In the opposite direction it shows fear and escapist thoughts.\SSS_SIMPLE_SIN7.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Ties——Impractical Pieces of Clothing.B. Psychological Importance of TiesC. What The Colors of Ties MeanD. The Colors of Ties and the Occasions to Wear Them.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN8.According to the passage, ties are more important ______.A. than shirts, suits or jackets.B. in colors than in patterns.C. in expressing one's mood than shirts.D. in business than on private occasions.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN9.What color of ties should one wear, if he wants to appear energetic?A. GreenB. OrangeC. Shiny yellowD. RedA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN10.The best color for the tie of a judge in a court should be ______.A. light greenB. lively orangeC. fine roseD. dark blueA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN11.What kind of ties is more suitable on an important business occasion?A. Ties without stripes and geometric patterns.B. Ties with stripes of vertical or horizontal patterns.C. Ties of no bright colors and obvious patternsD. Plain ties without any stripes and patternsA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN12.1t is implied in the passage that ______.A. ties with stripes from the bottom left to the right top are not popular.B. ties with stripes from the bottom right to the left top are not popular.C. ties with stripes of vertical or horizontal patterns are popularD. ties of feminine colors are out of fashion nowadays.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:BPassage ThreeMusicians are fascinated with the possibility that music may be found in nature; it makes our own desire for art seem all the more essential. Over the past few years no less a bold musical explorer than Peter Gabriel has been getting involved. At the Research Center in Atlanta, Georgia, he has been making music together with Kanzi, one of the bonobo apes (倭黑猩猩) involved in the long-term language acquisition studies of Sue and Duane Savage-Rumbaugh.I have seen the video of Kanzi picking notes out on a piano-like keyboard, with Gabriel and members of his band playing inside the observation booth in the lab. (They did it this way because Kanzi had bitten one of his trainers a few days previously——**munication without its dangers.) The scene is beautiful, the ape trying out the new machine and looking thoughtfully pleased with **es out. He appears to be listening, playing the right notes. It is tentative but moving, the animal groping for something from the human world but remaining isolated from the rest of the band. It is a touching encounter, and a bold move for a musician whose tune Shock the Monkey many years ago openly condemned the horrors of less sensitive animals experiments than this.What is the scientific value of such a jam session? The business of the Research Center is the forging of **munication between human and animal. Why not try the fertile and mysterious ground of music in addition to the more testable arena of simple language? The advantage of hearing music in nature and trying to reach out to nature through music is that, though we don't fully understand it, we can easily have access to it. We don't need to explain its working to be touched by it. Two musicians who don't speak the same language can play together, and we can appreciate the music from human cultures farfrom our own.Music needs no explanation, but it clearly expresses something deep and important, something humans can't live without. Finding music in the sounds of birds, whales and other animals makes the farther frontiers of nature seem that much closer to us.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN13.It can be learned from the passage that Peter Gabriel ______.A. is a bold expert on animal behaviour.B. wants to find more about natural music.C. is working on animal's language abilityD. specializing in human-animal cooperationA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN14.Kanzi was arranged to stay in a separate place ______.A. to prevent him from attacking the human playersB. so that he would not be disturbed by others.C. because he needed a large room to move around.D. after he had destroyed the others' musical instruments.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN15.Kanzi the ape ______.A. was annoyed by the music playing activity.B. demonstrated no unusual talent for music.C. became more obedient when playing music.D. seemed content with what he was producing.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN16.Which of the following words can best describe the advantage of music?A. ControllableB. ExplanationC. AccessibleD. TestableA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN17.The writer seems to suggest that ______.A. music should replace language as the major arena of animal research .B. animal experiments are more often than not cruel and inhuman.C. great progress has been made in the field of **munication.D. the experiment with music may help scientific research on animals.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN18.The best title for the passage is ______.A. Music——The Essence of NatureB. Music——A Better Way to Enjoy Nature .C. Music——A New Frontier for ScientistsD. Music——Beyond National and Cultural BoundaryA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CPassage FourIn a recent Sunday school in a church in the Northeast, a group of eight-to-ten-year-olds were in deep discussion with their two teachers. When asked to choose which of ten stated possibilities they most feared happening their response was unanimous. All the children most dreaded a divorce between their parents.Later, as the teachers, a man and a woman in their latethirties, reflected on the lesson, they both agreed they'd been shocked at the response. When they were the same age as their students, they said, the possibility of their parents' being divorced never entered their heads. Yet in just one generation, children seemed to feel much less security in their family ties.Nor is the experience of these two Sunday school teachers an isolated one. Psychiatrists revealed in one recent newspaper investigation that the fears of children definitely do change in different period; and in recent times, divorce has become one of the most frequently mentioned anxieties. In one case, for example, afour-year-old insisted that his father rather than his mother walk him to nursery school each day. The reason? He said many of his friends had "no daddy living at home, and I'm scared that will happen to me."In line with such reports, our opinion leaders expressed great concern about the present and future status of the American family. In the poll 33 percent of the responses listed decline in family structure, divorce and other family-oriented concerns as one of the five major problems facing the nation today. And 26 percent of the responses included such family difficulties as one of the five major problems for the United States in the next decade.**mon concern expressed about the rise in divorces and declinein stability of the family is that the family unit has traditionally been a key factor in transmitting stable cultural and moral values from generation to generation. Various studies have shown that educational and religious institutions often can have only a limited impact on children without strong family support.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN19.it is mentioned that in a Sunday school class the children _______.A. deeply impressed their teachers.B. had an argument with their teachers.C. feared answering their teachers' question.D. gave the same response to their teachers' question.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN20.The two teachers in the Sunday school felt _______.A. responsible for tightening school security.B. no fear of the divorce of their students' parents.C. no threat of broken family ties when they were ten-year-olds.D. shocked at the divorce rates of their students' parents.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN21.The author uses a four-year-old as an example to _______.A. show the anxiety of today's children.B. emphasize the importance of family ties.C. indicate the seriousness of psychological problems.D. reveal the change of children's attitude toward divorce.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN22.It is stated that one third of the American population ______.A. consider family-oriented concerns to be a big problem.B. are worried about the future of the United States.C. believe the social situation is getting worse.D. are facing family difficulties.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN23.Family has been regarded as a major carrier of ______.A. religious beliefsB. various customsC.social traditions D. cultural and moral values.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN24.It is implied in the passage that ______.A. Sunday school teachers are different from public school teachers.B. family has stronger impact on children than other social institutions.C. in a decade family oriented concerns will be the same as they are now.D. parents' divorce has long been children's biggest fear.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:BPassage FiveFaith in medicine runs deep in America. We spend more per person on health care than any other nation. Whether we eat too much or exercise too little, whether we're turning gray or feeling blue, we look to some pill or procedure to make us better.We assume that devoting ever more dollars to medicine will bring us longer, healthier lives. But there is mounting evidence that each new dollar we devote to the current health care system brings small and diminishing returns to public health. Today the United States spends more than $4,500 per person per year on health care. Costa Rica spends less than $ 300. Yet life expectancy at birth is nearlyidentical in both countries.Despite the highly publicized "longevity revolution", life expectancy among the elderly in the United States is hardly improving. Yes, we are an aging society, but primarily because of falling birthrates. Younger Americans, meanwhile, are far more likely to be disabled than they were 20 years ago. Most affected are people in their thirties, whose disability rates increased by nearly 130 percent, due primarily to overweight.Why has our huge investment in health care left us so unhealthy? Partly it is because so many promised "miracle cures," frominterferon to gene therapies, have proven to be ineffective or even dangerous. Partly it's because health care dollars are so concentrated on the terminally ill and the very old that even when medical interventions "work", the gains to average life expectancy are small. And partly it is because medical errors and adverse reaction to prescription drugs, which cause more deaths than motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer or AIDS. Each year roughly 200,000 seniors suffer fatal or life-threatening "adverse drug events" due to improper drug or drug interaction.Why don't Americans live any longer than Costa Ricans? Overwhelmingly, it's because of differences in behaviour. Americans exercise less, eat more , drive more ,smoke more, and lead more socially isolated lives. Even at its best, modern medicine can do little to promote productive aging, because by the time most **e in contact with it their bodies are **promised by stress, indulgent habits, environmental dangers and injuries.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN25.Americans in general believe that ______.A. more money spent on health care may not result in better health.B. health problems caused by bad habits can hardly be solved by medicine.C. higher birthrate can better solve the problem of aging society than medicine.D. medicine may provide an effective cure for various health problems.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN26.Compared with the Americans, Costa Ricans ______.A. have a healthier way of life.B. enjoy a longer life。

南京大学外国语学院《963英语语言学》历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题

目　录2014年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）2013年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）2012年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）2009年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题及详解2008年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题及详解2007年南京大学463英语语言学考研真题及详解2006年南京大学463英语语言学考研真题及详解2003年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2002年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2001年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2000年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2014年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）第一题，术语区分题。

四组术语，24分。

1.phoneme vs. allophone2.homonymy vs. homophony3.illocutionary act vs. perlocutionary actnguage switch vs. L1 transfer第二题，选择题，考察的都是基础知识，10小题，共30分。

第三题，分析题。

给出几个句子，要求先填写名词前的冠词或复数后缀-s；然后总结出使用冠词或复数后缀-s的一般模式（common pattern）。

第四题，分析题，考察的知识点是歧义（ambiguity）。

给出两句话，要求先回答这两句话有无歧义，并写出每句话的不同理解，再分析这两句话产生歧义的原因是否相同。

1.The children play near the bank.2. The professor said on Monday that he would give an exam.显然，第一句话中的bank涉及lexical ambiguity, 而第二句话中的on Monday既可修饰said，又可修饰would give an exam，属于grammatical/structural ambiguity。

第五题，分析题，考察隐喻。

南京大学真题2006年

南京大学真题2006年(总分：72.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Part Ⅰ Vocabulary{{/B}}(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.You don't object ______ you by your first name, do you?（分数：1.00）A.that I callB.for callingC.that I am callingD.to my calling √解析：object to (doing) sth. 不赞成，反对做某事。

句中my是calling的逻辑主语； object that结构中，that引出的部分应该是反对某事的理由，本题表达的不是反对理由，因此A项不符合。

2.______ initial recognition while still quite young.（分数：1.00）A.Most famous scientists achieved √B.That most famous scientists schievedC.Most famous scientists who achievedD.For most famous scientists to achieve解析：根据句子结构判断，空缺部分应该是句子主句部分。

while引导的是时间状语，四个选项中，只有A 项是独立、完整的句子。

3.The Chisos Mountains in Big Bend National Park in Texas were created by volcanic eruptions that occurred ______.（分数：1.00）A.the area in which dinosaurs roamedB.when dinosaurs roamed the area √C.did dinosaurs roam the areaD.dinosaurs roaming the area解析：本题空缺部分应该在句中做状语，选项B符合。

英语语言学考试总结及问题解答

复试结束了，终于松了口气。

无论最终结果如何，都会坦然面对了。

努力与付出最终都会有所回报。

最起码，成长了一些。

很多资料，很多经验都是从论坛里看到的，下载的。

今天这篇小小的作文，是对自己过去一年的总结，也算是对论坛的一点回报吧。

1.选学校当年选择南京大学的原因其实很简单，一见钟情。

可惜南大对我却是初恋N次。

我不是第一年考，却一直坚持着。

其实选学校不容易，坚持更不容易。

选南大的时候我主要考虑的是这个学校的题目是不是适合我。

南大的题目很正，（至少基础英语是这样的）。

曾经有人说南大是basic magic，个人很赞同的。

南大题目和北外相似，很多时候都是拿北外的题目练的。

南大语言学第一题的经典题目原来是考音标的，近两年改成了terms，可惜今年有个我没编出来。

语言学题目一般是比较具有开放性的，要多看书。

二外法语很简单，但我也只是考了60几。

如果看完题目，你还觉得南大适合你，你就可以考了。

在我看来南大不是很注重你的“出身”。

只要你肯努力，就有机会。

南大很公平的。

2 初试政治：这门课考60就够了，多了对南大英语专业没太大意义。

复试按专业课排名。

个人感觉选择题要做好，分数就能差不多。

二外：我的二外是法语，南大二外不难。

不过近年南大二外好像有一种越来越难的趋势，特别是翻译，是成段的翻译。

要看到第三册。

可惜，我只啃了马晓宏第二册前几课就啃不动了。

换成了简单的大学法语教程。

今年我法语做的不是很好，考了60多。

基础英语，南大基础英语考察基础，但很神奇。

我感觉很难考到高分。

南大基础英语分为三部分，阅读翻译写作。

基本上是各占50的样子。

阅读是一片长的文章，词汇要求比较高，但是题目看起来不是很难，10年的之前的题目应该都是像大学英语四级里面的快速阅读，找到地方，就能找到答案，不过比较费时间。

改错，南大的改错不是很简单，难度比专八要难一些。

考察语法多一些。

基础英语是没有参考书的。

阅读我用的是李观仪的七八册书，有练习册，里面的改错和完形填空挺好的。

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2006年南京大学463英语语言学考研真题及详解1. [3×8=24] Use the International Phonetic Alphabet (国际音标) to write out the pronunciation of each of the following words. Pay particular attention to the primary and secondary stresses.Copenhagen Canberra develop create denomination cosmopolitan demonstrativeWhen we pronounce the word “Canberra,” we think we pronounce /n/ for “n”in “Canberra.” What do we actually pronounce?答案：Copenhagen [] Canberra [] develop []create [] denomination[]cosmopolitan [] demonstrative[]What we actually pronounce is a sound which is approximate to the sound [m], because of the assimilation of the following sound [b], which is a bilabial consonant.2. [3×5=15] Decide if each of the following sentences contains a phrasal verb. If itdoes, decide if it is a separable phrasal verb or an inseparable one. (For instance, the sentence “Turn on the computer” contains a phrasal verb that is separable because you may say, “Turn it on.”)(1) They looked up the word in the dictionary.(2) The old man lives down the street.(3) The teacher couldn’t think of a good answer.(4) The car crashed into a shop.(5) He and his roommates talked over Bob’s assignment.答案：(1) There is a phrasal verb “look up”in this sentence, which is separablebecause we may say “Look it up in the dictionary.”(2) There is no phrasal verb in this sentence, since the grouping of the phrase“lives down the street” should be “lives/ down the street”.(3) There is a phrasal verb “think of” in this sentence, but it is inseparable sincewe can not say “think it of”.(4) The sentence contains no phrasal verb, since the constituents of the sentenceshould be “crashed” and “into a shop”.(5) The sentence contains a phrasal verb “talk over”, which is separable sincewe may say “talk it over”.3. [3×5=15] Describe the role the utterance “I hate that guy” plays in each of thefollowing situations:(1) A: You left before he arrived. (2) A: He might be able to help you.B: I hate that guy. B: I hate that guy.(3) A: Few people like to talk to him. (4) A: What do you think of him?B: I hate that guy. B: I hate that guy.As English majors, what should we do in order to learn different meanings of an utterance like “I hate that guy” in the above situations?答案：(1) The utterance in this conversation implies B’s opinion towards his missingthe chance to meet “that guy”. By suchan expression, B probably intends to say that he doesn’t feel regretful about it, and it might be more pleasant for me not to see him at all.(2) The utterance implicates a refusal of the offering of the help and additionallythe reason for his refusal.(3) The utterance follows the statement of “few people like to talk to him” as astrategy for B to classify his identity. Itimplicates that B intends to make clear his position, which is on the same side with most people(4) This utterance functions as the answer to A’s question about B’s impressionabout “that guy”, namely that B dislikes that guy.4. [4×2=8] Which of the following sentences are ambiguous? If you know how, use tree diagrams to show how these sentences are ambiguous.(1) The children put the toy in tile box.(2) The professor’s appointment was shocking.(3) No smoking section is available.(4) Jack refused to change his decision.答案：(1) This sentence is unambiguous since the structure can be illustrated as:(NP The children) (VP put (NP the toy) (PP in (NP the box.)))(2) The professor’s appointment was shocking.The professor’s appointment was shocking.Therefore, it could be clear that the sentence is ambiguous.(3) No smoking section is available.No smoking section is available.Thus, this sentence is ambiguous.(4) Jack refused to change his decision.Thus, this sentence is unambiguous.5. [3×2=6] Study the following exchange and then answer the questions that follow.“Take some more tea.” the March Hare said to Alice, very earnestly.“I’ve had nothing yet,” Alice replied in an offended tone, “so I can’t take more”(1) Why was Alice offended?(2) What is the problem with the March Hare’s remark? What is the linguistic issue involved here?答案：(1) Alice was offended because she felt that she seemed to be accused ofsomething sh e hadn’t done. The March Hare’s remark could be interpreted in a way that he presupposed Alice had already had some tea, which was nottrue.(2) The March Hare ignored the possible presuppositive relations amongsentences. Presupposition is the relation between propositions by which A presupposes B if, for A to have a troth-value, B must be true. In his utterance, the word “more”functions as the presupposition triggers. It presupposes that there is already something existing. In this specific utterance, it presupposes “You have already had some tea”, which is not true according to the reality.6. [4×3=12]For each of the following pairs of sentences, discuss how the twosentences are different from each other.(1) A. His carelessness I can’t bearB. I can’t bear his carelessness(2) A. A dagger killed the tourist.B. The tourist was killed with a dagger.(3) A. A hurricane killed eight peopleB. Eight people died in a hurricane答案：(1) These two sentences are different in the sense that the thematic structures aredifferent. The theme of a sentence is often the known information, which the sentence is mainly about. Sentence A provides some information about “his carelessness”, since “his carelessness”serves as the theme. Whereas,。