中考英语专题复习动词时态及语态详解
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中考专项复习——动词时态及语态
考点精讲
考点1 一般现在时有哪些特殊用法?
(1)表示此时此刻正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
What’s the time now? 现在几点了?
(2)在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中(主句为一般将来时)。
I’ll call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing tomorrow.明天一到北京,我就给你打电话。
(3)在主句为过去时态的复合句中,如果宾语从句陈述的是客观真理,从句用一般现在时。
The teacher said Maria is a girl.老师说玛利亚是个女孩。
(4)表示书、信、报纸、通知、广播、告示牌等的内容用一般现在时。
It says, “Closed”.上面写着,“停止营业”。
专练用所给动词的适当形式填空
1、T hree plus two_________(be)five.
2、There____________(go)the bell!
3、Light______________(travel)faster than sound.
4、If you____________(ask)her tomorrow, she will help you.
5、The notice _______________(say)“No Smoking!”.
考点2 如何使用used to?
used to后加动词原形表示“过去常常”,其疑问句和否定句可直接使用used,也可借助于did。
I used to be afraid of dark .我过去常怕黑。He usedn’t to ride to school.他过去不常骑车去上学。
He used to smoke, didn’t he?他过去常抽烟,是吗?
注意:be used to doing 意为“习惯做某事”, be used to do 意为“被用来……”,不要混淆。
专练按要求变化下面的句型
1、She used to play near the river.(改为否定句)
__________________________________________________________________________
2、T he children didn’t use to come here early,_____________________?(补全反意疑问句)
考点3 一般将来时有哪些形式?
(1)“be going to+动词原形”表示计划或打算在最近要做的事。
I’m going to take you to the park.我打算带你去公园。
(2)“will/shall+动词原形”是单纯的将来时,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
He will come back next week.他下周回来。
(3)“be+动词不定式”结构,表示按计划要发生的事,或用来征求对方意见。
We are to meet outside the park. 我们约定在公园外面见。
Am I to go on with the work? 这工作我是不是接着干下去?
(4)“be about+动词不定式”结构,表示即将做某事,一般不用时间状语。
It is about to rain.天要下雨了。
(5)现在进行时可用于表示马上要发生的动作,多用于瞬间动词(start,begin,die等)。
I’m leaving for Shanghai. 我要去上海了。
专练按要求变化下面的句型
1、Have you finished your homework? Not yet. I__________________________________(this
afternoon).
2、Where are you going this Sunday? _______________________________(the zoo).
考点4 哪些动词没有进行时?
表示感觉、情感、状态、看法、意愿的动词一般没有进行时,这类动词有:hear, see, smell, look, seem, think, like, want, hope, belong, cost, weigh, prefer, remain, have, own, believe等。
专练改正下面每个句子中的错误
1、I’m hearing a strange noise now.
2、Now you are looking beautiful.
考点5 现在完成时和一般过去时有什么区别?
二者表示的动作都在过去发生。现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响和结果,不能与表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时只表示过去的事实,与现在没有关系。
—Have you done your homework?你做作业了吗?—Yes, I have.做了。
—When did you do it?什么时候做的?—Last night.昨天晚上。
专练根据所给的动词短语,分别用一般过去时和现在完成时造句
1、go to the beach
2、not hear of that
考点6 have been to, have been in和have gone to有何区别?
have been in 表示“在某地……”;have been to 表示“去过”某地,常与ever, never ,…before, once ,twice 等连用;have gone to 表示“去了”某地,人可能在途中或已到达那里。
专练用have(has) gone to, have (has)been to, have(has) been in 填空
1、Tim____________________________out. He’ll be back in an hour.
2、Jim___________________________this city for two years.
3、___________you ever______________Jinan? It has some famous springs.
考点7 现在完成时的句子,谓语何时用瞬间动词,何时用延续动词?
若表示持续性的动作,常与表示一段时间的状语如these days, in the past few years, during the last three months, for two years, so far, up to now, till now, recently等连用。
The old man has been away from home for twenty years.那老人离开家已十年了。
注意:瞬间动词不能与持续性的完成时连用,必须改为延续动词,记住下面的瞬间动词与延续动词的换用:
I came to this school ten years ago. = I have been in this school for ten years. = Ten years has
passed since I came to this school. = It is ten years since I came to this school.
专练 A)用所给动词的适当形式填空
1、I __________________(buy)this bicycle for five years.
2、You can ________________(borrow)it for two days.
3、The film________________(begin)for five minutes.
4、How long ______________ you _________________(go)this school?
5、My brother ______________ (join) the army since 1999.
6、I _________________(put on)the shoes since three years ago.
7、The old man___________________(die)since 2000.
B ) 将下面的句子变为同义句
8、They got married two years ago. It _______________________since they got married.
9、We came to this school three years ago.
We__________________________ this school __________three years.
10、I have been up for two hours. Two hours __________________________I got up.
考点8 如何将主动语态变为被动语态?
主动句变为被动句的方法是:一看动词,二换主语,三变谓语。
(1)主动句有双宾语,可将其中一个宾语变为主语,但若将直接宾语用作主语,后面要使用to 或for引出间接宾语。
He gave me a book yesterday.
→I was given a book yesterday./A book was given to me yesterday.
( 2 ) 动词短语是一个不可分的整体,变化时不能丢掉介词或副词。
You should speak to me politely. →I should be spoken to politely.(to 不可少)
(2)主动句的主语若是地点名词,变化时不要忘记加介词。
Shandong produces salt. →Salt is produced in Shandong.
( 4 ) 带宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时,宾补在原位置不动。