高英第4课课件
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3
Preview Homework
Read the text:
(1) Think about the structure
(2) Pay attention to the style of speech
(3) Explain the text in detail in 5 groups:
words and expressions (Ex. II, III, X, XI),
mastery of historical and biographical description as well
as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values‖ (―由于他在描绘历史与传记方面之造诣和他那捍卫人的崇 高价值的杰出演讲”) (nobelprize.org)
2) abstract words (抽象词)
3) pronouns ‗I‘ and ‗we‘ (代词“我”、“我
们”)
18
Type of Literature
C. Pronunciation
1) clearly pronounced, for example,
always ‗I am‘, not the contracted form ‗I‘m‘
wenku.baidu.com10
Structure of the Text
Part 1 (Paras.1 - 6):
the background of the invasion and the speech Section 1 (paras. 1-2): Recalling by Churchill himself
15
Type of Literature
A. Syntax
1) compound/complex sentence (复合句;复杂句) 2) infinitive, gerund (不定式;动名词)
3) Many sentences begin with adverbials and periodic sentences (以状语开头;掉尾句)
4) simple present tense (一般现在时) 5) declarative sentence and imperative sentence (陈述句;祈使句)
16
Periodic Sentence (掉尾句,尾重句)
essential elements are withheld until the end to achieve forcefulness by suspense 一种把关键意思放在整句末尾，因而要读完全句才能了解该句完整含义的 句子结构。掉尾句的特点是把整句的主要部分（如复合句的主句或主句的 主要成分）置于末尾处，形成整句的高潮，从而达到突出该部分内容的目 的，所以掉尾句属于一种修辞强调句。 When I awoke on... invasion of Russia. (1) The past, …, flashes away. (8) Any man or state … will have our aid. Any man or state … is our foe. (10) If Hitler imagines that ..., he is woefully mistaken. (11)
2
Requirement
To master the vocabulary and expressions To grasp how to paraphrase some difficult sentences To identify figures of speech – metaphor, alliteration, repetition and parallel structure To comprehend the whole text To appreciate the style (speech) and rhetoric of the passage
9
1.2 Winston Churchill (1874 - 1965)
his best known book, The Second World War (《第二次 世界大战回忆录》). He was awarded the Nobel Prize in/for Literature ―for his
Speech on Hitler‘s Invasion of
the U.S.S.R.
Winston S. Churchill
1
Arrangement (12 periods)
Ⅰ Background Knowledge
Ⅱ Structure of the Text Ⅲ Type of Literature Ⅳ Detailed Study of the Text Ⅴ Text Analysis Ⅵ Exercises
(不用紧缩形式) 2) Words sound rhythmically (有节奏)
19
Type of Literature
D. Rhetorical devices
Rhetoric devices are very important in speech, includes syntactic, phonetic and semantic devices: antithesis, repetition, parallel structure; alliteration; metaphor, simile, etc.
20
Volume 3
Book One Germany Drives East 20 The Soviet Nemesis (第三卷“伟大的同盟”上部“德国东进”-苏联的 报应)
21
Detailed Study of the Text
Part 1 (Paras.1 - 6):
the background of the invasion and the
speech
22
Detailed Study of the Text
Time Place Characters
Section 2 (paras. 3-6): Account by Churchill‘s Private Secretary
11
Structure of the Text
Part 2 (Paras. 7 - 13): the body of the speech Section 1 (paras. 8 and 9): Scenario (情景) on both sides of the border (Russian vs. German) to arouse emotion Section 2 (paras. 10 and 11): What we should do, what our policy is Section 3 (paras. 12 and 13): Further persuasion, to convince the audience of the justification of the decision
figures of speech (Ex. V, VI, VII, VIII)
4
Preview Homework
Division of groups: Group 1 – paras. 1-2 Group 2 – paras. 3-6 Group 3 – paras. 8-9 Group 4 – paras. 10-11 Group 5 – paras. 12-13
14
Type of Literature
Characteristics of speech language: Speech language is an inter-language between oral and written language. Compared with conversational style: (1) Speech language plays more emphasis on one thing, that‘s to arouse, stimulate the passion of the audience, to win their support. (2) In public speeches all kinds of rhetorical devices are employed to catch audience‘s attention. (3) Speech language has a lot of emotion words and words have metaphorical meaning (比喻意义). ∴All this makes the speech more forceful, vivid, persuasive. Compared with written style: Speech language is usually formal, more solemn, more complex in sentence structure. But speech language is not supposed to be obscure (晦涩的). At the same time, there are also many abstract words. ∴ This makes the speech more sacred (庄严的), more serious and solemn in tone.
5
Background Knowledge
1.1 Historical Background
1.2 Sir (爵士) Winston Leonard Spencer
Churchill
6
1.2 Winston Churchill (1874 - 1965)
In 1895 (21)
In 1881 (7)
7
1.2 Winston Churchill (1874 - 1965)
8
1.2 Winston Churchill (1874 - 1965)
(1940 – 45) Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury (第一财政大臣) and Minister of Defense (国防大臣) led Britain from near defeat to victory in World War II; (1945 – 51) Leader of the Opposition; (Oct. 1951 – April 1955) Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury; (1955) retired
When I spoke a few minutes ago ... one deeper motive … (12)
17
Type of Literature
B. Vocabulary
1) complex, long words, unfamiliar words
(复杂词;长词;不常用的词)
12
Type of Literature
Argumentation (议论文)
Speech (演讲)
13
Type of Literature
a piece of argumentation Purpose: – to persuade/defend what is true and to attack what is false by the use of reason Ways of developing: – by deduction (演绎) – by induction (归纳)
Preview Homework
Read the text:
(1) Think about the structure
(2) Pay attention to the style of speech
(3) Explain the text in detail in 5 groups:
words and expressions (Ex. II, III, X, XI),
mastery of historical and biographical description as well
as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values‖ (―由于他在描绘历史与传记方面之造诣和他那捍卫人的崇 高价值的杰出演讲”) (nobelprize.org)
2) abstract words (抽象词)
3) pronouns ‗I‘ and ‗we‘ (代词“我”、“我
们”)
18
Type of Literature
C. Pronunciation
1) clearly pronounced, for example,
always ‗I am‘, not the contracted form ‗I‘m‘
wenku.baidu.com10
Structure of the Text
Part 1 (Paras.1 - 6):
the background of the invasion and the speech Section 1 (paras. 1-2): Recalling by Churchill himself
15
Type of Literature
A. Syntax
1) compound/complex sentence (复合句;复杂句) 2) infinitive, gerund (不定式;动名词)
3) Many sentences begin with adverbials and periodic sentences (以状语开头;掉尾句)
4) simple present tense (一般现在时) 5) declarative sentence and imperative sentence (陈述句;祈使句)
16
Periodic Sentence (掉尾句,尾重句)
essential elements are withheld until the end to achieve forcefulness by suspense 一种把关键意思放在整句末尾，因而要读完全句才能了解该句完整含义的 句子结构。掉尾句的特点是把整句的主要部分（如复合句的主句或主句的 主要成分）置于末尾处，形成整句的高潮，从而达到突出该部分内容的目 的，所以掉尾句属于一种修辞强调句。 When I awoke on... invasion of Russia. (1) The past, …, flashes away. (8) Any man or state … will have our aid. Any man or state … is our foe. (10) If Hitler imagines that ..., he is woefully mistaken. (11)
2
Requirement
To master the vocabulary and expressions To grasp how to paraphrase some difficult sentences To identify figures of speech – metaphor, alliteration, repetition and parallel structure To comprehend the whole text To appreciate the style (speech) and rhetoric of the passage
9
1.2 Winston Churchill (1874 - 1965)
his best known book, The Second World War (《第二次 世界大战回忆录》). He was awarded the Nobel Prize in/for Literature ―for his
Speech on Hitler‘s Invasion of
the U.S.S.R.
Winston S. Churchill
1
Arrangement (12 periods)
Ⅰ Background Knowledge
Ⅱ Structure of the Text Ⅲ Type of Literature Ⅳ Detailed Study of the Text Ⅴ Text Analysis Ⅵ Exercises
(不用紧缩形式) 2) Words sound rhythmically (有节奏)
19
Type of Literature
D. Rhetorical devices
Rhetoric devices are very important in speech, includes syntactic, phonetic and semantic devices: antithesis, repetition, parallel structure; alliteration; metaphor, simile, etc.
20
Volume 3
Book One Germany Drives East 20 The Soviet Nemesis (第三卷“伟大的同盟”上部“德国东进”-苏联的 报应)
21
Detailed Study of the Text
Part 1 (Paras.1 - 6):
the background of the invasion and the
speech
22
Detailed Study of the Text
Time Place Characters
Section 2 (paras. 3-6): Account by Churchill‘s Private Secretary
11
Structure of the Text
Part 2 (Paras. 7 - 13): the body of the speech Section 1 (paras. 8 and 9): Scenario (情景) on both sides of the border (Russian vs. German) to arouse emotion Section 2 (paras. 10 and 11): What we should do, what our policy is Section 3 (paras. 12 and 13): Further persuasion, to convince the audience of the justification of the decision
figures of speech (Ex. V, VI, VII, VIII)
4
Preview Homework
Division of groups: Group 1 – paras. 1-2 Group 2 – paras. 3-6 Group 3 – paras. 8-9 Group 4 – paras. 10-11 Group 5 – paras. 12-13
14
Type of Literature
Characteristics of speech language: Speech language is an inter-language between oral and written language. Compared with conversational style: (1) Speech language plays more emphasis on one thing, that‘s to arouse, stimulate the passion of the audience, to win their support. (2) In public speeches all kinds of rhetorical devices are employed to catch audience‘s attention. (3) Speech language has a lot of emotion words and words have metaphorical meaning (比喻意义). ∴All this makes the speech more forceful, vivid, persuasive. Compared with written style: Speech language is usually formal, more solemn, more complex in sentence structure. But speech language is not supposed to be obscure (晦涩的). At the same time, there are also many abstract words. ∴ This makes the speech more sacred (庄严的), more serious and solemn in tone.
5
Background Knowledge
1.1 Historical Background
1.2 Sir (爵士) Winston Leonard Spencer
Churchill
6
1.2 Winston Churchill (1874 - 1965)
In 1895 (21)
In 1881 (7)
7
1.2 Winston Churchill (1874 - 1965)
8
1.2 Winston Churchill (1874 - 1965)
(1940 – 45) Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury (第一财政大臣) and Minister of Defense (国防大臣) led Britain from near defeat to victory in World War II; (1945 – 51) Leader of the Opposition; (Oct. 1951 – April 1955) Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury; (1955) retired
When I spoke a few minutes ago ... one deeper motive … (12)
17
Type of Literature
B. Vocabulary
1) complex, long words, unfamiliar words
(复杂词;长词;不常用的词)
12
Type of Literature
Argumentation (议论文)
Speech (演讲)
13
Type of Literature
a piece of argumentation Purpose: – to persuade/defend what is true and to attack what is false by the use of reason Ways of developing: – by deduction (演绎) – by induction (归纳)