国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
国际金融Chapter Two
• A debit (-) is a flow for which the country must pay. Such as : • The country’s imports of goods; • Purchases by firms in this country of consulting services from providers located in foreign countries; • Purchases by investors in this country of the equity shares of a foreign company from the foreigner that previously owned the shares. • In each of these cases is obligated to make a payment to a foreigner.
• The $ 8 million credit is straightforward since this is just another merchandise export, for which the United States must be paid. • The accountants get around the fact that the United States was not paid by Egypt by inventing a debit item for the unilateral transfer (gift) to Egypt. They invent the fiction that the United States received $ 8 million in goodwill- or gratitude- from Egypt for its gift of wheat.
国际金融英文chapter 2
Chapter 2
Payments among Nations 国际收支
Balance of payments 国际收支平衡表
The set of accounts recording all flows of value between a nation’s residents and the residents of the rest of the world during a period of time. 一个国家的居民与非居民一定时期内的全部国 际经济交易。
Balanபைடு நூலகம்e of payments
The main kinds of flows in the balance of payments accounts
Merchandise trade flows Service flows Income flows Unilateral transfers (gifts) Private capital flows Official reserve asset flows
The Current Account (CA) Balance
3.Domestic production (Y) versus national expenditure (E). Y = C + Id + G +(X – M), E = C + Id + G, and CA = (X – M) approximately, so that CA = Y – E
国际金融中英文版答案)
国际金融中英文版Chapter 2:Payments among NationsSingle-Choice QuestionsA country’s balance of payments records: 一个国家的国际收支平衡记录了 BThe value of all exports of goods and services from that country for a period of time.All flows of value between that country’s residents and residents of the rest of the world during a period of time.在一定时间段里,一个国家居民的资产和其它世界居民资产的流动All flows of financial assets that cross that country’s borders during a p eriod of time.All flows of goods into that country during a period of time.A credit item in the balance of payments is: 在国际收支平衡里的贷项是AAn item for which the country must be paid.一个国家必须收取的条款An item for which the country must pay.Any imported item.An item that creates a monetary claim owed to a foreigner.Every international exchange of value is entered into the balance-of-payments accounts __________ time(s). 每一次国际等价交换都记进国际收支帐户２次B1234A debit item in the balance of payments is: 在国际收支平衡中的借项是BAn item for which the country must be paid.An item for which the country must pay.一个国家必须支付的条款Any exported item.An item that creates a monetary claim on a foreigner.In a nation's balance of payments, which one of the following items is always recorded as a positive entry? D在国际收支中,下列哪个项目总被视为有利条项Changes in foreign currency reserves.Imports of goods and services.Military foreign aid supplied to allied nations.Purchases by foreign travelers visiting the country.国外游客在本国发生的购买The sum of all of the debit items in the balance of payments: 在收支平衡中,所有贷项的总和 BEquals the overall balance.Equals the sum of all credit items.等于所有借项的总和Equals the sum of credit items minus errors and omissions.Which of the following capital transactions are entered as debits in the U.S. balance of payments? 下列哪个资本交易在美国的收支平衡中当作借项？ BA U.S. resident transfers $100 from his account at Credit Suisse in Basel (Switzerland) to his account at a San Francisco branch of Wells Fargo Bank.A French resident transfers $100 from his account at Wells Fargo Bank in San Francisco to his Credit Suisse account in Basel.一个法国居民在旧金山的Fargo Bank用其帐户转帐１００美金到位于巴塞尔的瑞士信贷户口A U.S. resident sells his IBM stock to a French resident.A U.S. resident sells his Credit Suisse stock to a French resident.An increase in a nation's financial liabilities to foreign residents is a: 一个国家对另一个国家金融负债的增加是一种CReserve inflow.Reserve outflow.Capital inflow.资本流入Capital outflow.___A_______ are money-like assets that are held by governments and that are recognized by governments as fully acceptable for payments between them. 官方国际储备资产是一种类似于钱的资产，这种资产由政府掌握并作为政府间的一种支付手段得到充分认可.Official international reserve assets 官方国际储备资产Unofficial international reserve assetsOfficial domestic reserve assetsUnofficial domestic reserve assetsWhich of the following is considered a capital inflow? 下列哪项被视为资本流入 AA sale of U.S. financial assets to a foreign buyer.美国一金融资产卖给一外国买家A loan from a U.S. bank to a foreign borrower.A purchase of foreign financial assets by a U.S. buyer.A U.S. citizen’s repayment of a loan from a foreign bank.In a country’s balance of payments, which of the following transactions are debits?一个国家的收支平衡表中,哪个交易属于借项？ ADomestic bank balances owned by foreigners are decreased.外国人拥有的国内银行资产的下降Foreign bank balances owned by domestic residents are decreased.Assets owned by domestic residents are sold to nonresidents.Securities are sold by domestic residents to nonresidents.The role of ___D_______ is to d irect one nation’s savings into another nation’s investments: 资金流的作用是指导一个国家的储蓄进入到另一个国家的投资Merchandise trade flowsServices flowsCurrent account flowsCapital flows资金流Capital account.Current account.经常账目（户）Trade balance.Official reserve balance.The net value of flows of financial assets and similar claims (excluding official international reserve asset flows) is called the: 金融资产和类似的资产（官方国际储备资产流除外）的净值流叫AFinancial account.金融帐Current account.Trade balance.Official reserve balance.The financial account in the U.S. balance of payments includes: 美国国家收支表中的金融帐包括： BEverything in the current account.U.S. government payments to other countries for the use of military bases.美政府采用其它国家军事基地所需支付款项Profits that Nissan of America sends back to Japan.New U.S. investments in foreign countries.ＡU.S. resident increasing her holdings of a foreign financial asset causes a:一个美国居民增持一外国金融资产会引起DCredit in the U.S. current account.Debit in the U.S. current account.Credit in the U.S. capital account.Debit in the U.S. capital account.美国资本帐的借帐A foreign resident increasing her holdings of a U.S. financial asset causes a:一个美国居民增持本国一金融资产会引起 CCredit in the U.S. current account.Debit in the U.S. current account.Credit in the U.S. capital account.美国资本帐的贷帐Debit in the U.S. capital account.A deficit in the current account: 经常帐户中的赤字 ATends to cause a surplus in the financial account.会导致金融帐中的盈余Tends to cause a deficit in the financial account.Has no relationship to the financial account.Is the result of increasing exports and decreasing imports.In September, 2005, exports of goods from the U.S. decreased $3.3 billion to $73.4 billion, and imports of goods increased $3.8 billion to $144.5 billion. This increased the deficit in:20xx年8月,美国商品出口降低了33亿美元,共734亿美元；商品进口上升到1145亿美元,上长了38亿.这样增加了哪个方面的赤字？CThe balance of payments.The financial account.The current account.经常帐户Unilateral transfers.Which of the following would contribute to a U.S. current account surplus? 以下哪项有助于美国现金帐的盈余？ BThe United States makes a unilateral tariff reduction on imported goods.The United States cuts back on American military personnel stationed in Japan.美国削减在日本的军事人员U.S. tourists travel in large numbers to Asia.Which of the following transactions is recorded in the financial account?以下哪个交易会被当作金融帐AA Chinese businessman imports Ford automobiles from the United States.A U.S. tourist spends money on a trip to China.The New York Yankees are paid $10 million by the Chinese to play an exhibition game in Beijing, China.If a British business buys U.S. government securities, how will this be entered in the balance of payments? 如果一英国商人购买了美国政府的债券,那么这个交易在收支平衡表中会被当作是？ CIt will appear in the trade account as an import.It will appear in the trade account as an export.It will appear in the financial account as an increase in U.S. assets held by foreigners.会被当作是外国人所有的美国资产增长It will appear in the financial account as a decrease in U.S. assets held by foreigners.In the balance of payments, the statistical discrepancy or error term is used to: 在收支平衡表中, 统计差异与错误项目会用来确保借帐总和跟贷帐总和一致 AEnsure that the sum of all debits matches the sum of all credits.Ensure that imports equal the value of exports.Obtain an accurate account of a balance-of-payments deficit.Obtain an accurate account of a balance-of-payments surplus.Official reserve assets are: 官方储备资产是 BThe gold holdings in the nation’s central bank.Money like assets that are held by governments and that are recognized by governments as fully acceptable for payments between them. 官方国际储备资产是一种类似于钱的资产，这种资产由政府掌握并作为政府间的一种支付手段得到充分认可Government T-bills and T-bonds.Government holdings of SDR’sGold.Special Drawing Rights.IMF Reserve Positions.Foreign Currencies.外汇（币）The net accumulation of foreign assets minus foreign liabilities is: 海外净资产的积累减去外债等于CNet official reserves.Net domestic investment.Net foreign investment.国外投资净值Net foreign deficit.A country experiencing a current account surplus: 一个国家经历经常帐户的盈余 BNeeds to borrow internationally.Is able to lend internationally.就有能力向外放贷Must also have had a surplus in its "overall" balance.The ___C_______ measures the sum of the current account balance plus the private capital account balance. 官方结算差额是指经常帐户余额的总和加上私人资本帐（B=CA+FA,FA:为非官方投资和储备）Official capital balanceUnofficial capital balanceOfficial settlements balance官方结算差额Unofficial settlements balanceIf the overall balance is in __A________, there is an accumulation of official reserve assets by the country or a decrease in foreign official reserve holdings of the country's assets. 如果综合差额处于盈余，那么会出现本国官方储备资产的积累或者国外官方储备的减少（B=CA+FA,B+OR=0，OR:官方储备金额）Surplus盈余DeficitBalanceForeign handsWhich of the following is the current account balance NOT equal to? 以下哪项不等同于现金帐 DThe difference between domestic product and domestic expenditure.The difference between national saving and domestic investment.Net foreign investment.The difference between government saving and government investment. 政府储蓄与政府投资的差值True/False QuestionsCapital inflows are debits and capital outflows are credits. 资金流入是借项，资金外流是贷项The net flow of financial assets and similar claims is the private current account balance. 金融资产和类似的资产的净值叫经常帐目余额The majority of countries' official reserves assets are now foreign exchange assets, financial assets denominated in a foreign currency that is readily acceptable in international transactions. (T)大部份官方储备资产作为以外汇资产和金融资产为命名的外币在世界上交易与流通.A country's financial account balance equals the country's net foreign investment.一个国家的金融帐差额相当于一个国家的净国外投资A country has a current account deficit if it is saving more than it is investing domestically.一个国家如果在国内的储蓄比投资要大,那么会出现经常账目赤字The official settlements balance measures the sum of the capital account balance plus the public current account balance. 官方结算差额是资金帐户余额的总额加上公共经常帐户余额A nation's international investment position shows its stock of international assets and liabilities at a moment in time. (T)一个国家的国际投资状况反映出它在特定时间里的国际资产股份以及债务情况.A nation is a borrower if its current account is in deficit during a time period. (T)在一段时间内,如果一个国家的经常帐出现赤字,那么它就是借方.A nation is a debtor if its net stock of foreign assets is positive. 如果一个国家的国外资产净储备是正数,那么它是借方（债务方）A transaction leading to a foreign resident increasing her holdings of a U.S. financial asset will be recorded as a debit on the U.S. financial account.如果一项交易引起一外国居民增持美国金融资产的股份,那么这项交易在美国金融帐中会被当作借项A credit item is an item for which a country must pay. 贷项是指一个国家必须还款的条项Gold is a major reserve asset that is currently often used in official reserve transactions. 黄金作为主要的储备资产,常被用在官方储备交易当中.The current account balance is equal to the difference between domestic product and national expenditure.(T)经常项目余额等于国民生产与国民支出的差额In 2007 U.S. households, businesses and government were buying more goods and services than they were producing.(T)____年,美国家庭,商业,政府购买的商品和服务比他们生产（商品和服务）的要多.6。
金融英语课件 chapter 2
China cuts rates, lowers reserve ratio
• China's central bank Monday cut the cost of bank loans, the first time since 2002, and lowered the proportion of money lenders must have as reserves, the first such move in nine years, to keep the economy from sliding further.
investors sought the safety of cash and government debt followin of Lehman Brothers and the emergency sale of Merrill
Lynch to Bank of America.
American depository receipts
• Certificate of foreign stock • Traded in stock market in U.S • Denominated in USD
Foreign debt or Euro-debt
• What is the denomination? Home currency or host country currency
Common stock
Features
• Residual value • Dividends not obligated • No maturity/ perpetuity • Control of the firm • Preemptive right
金融英语chapter two Central Bank
vi. 暗含，暗示（与of 连用时）
rationalise
vt. 阐释
dysfunctional
adj. 运转不良的
transmit vt. 传播，传导
stance
n. 立场，观点
veto
n. 否决权
prod
vt. 促使
10
Phrases
take aback
使吃惊，使吓一跳
例句： Your request took me aback. 你的要求使我大吃一惊。
Modern monetary policy has four key goals. The first and most important is the stability in the price level. Zero inflation is not good for economic growth, while hyperinflation can destroy a nation’s economy and has a devastating impact on people’s life. Today price stability means maintaining a sustained but mild rate of inflation. The second goal is high employment. But it’s impossible to eliminate frictional unemployment and zero unemployment rate is not necessarily
Key: D
5
Background knowledge Brief Introduction to Central Banks
金融英语chapter2
Fundamental functions:
• 1.
as banks for the government and for other banks. • 2. monetary policy - either the government's, as in Britain, or their own, if they are independent, as in Germany and the USA. • 3. the money supply. • 4. Fix the minimum interest rate.
Translation
• 储备银行试图在减缓市场冲击力方面
发挥作用，对外汇市场不时进行干预， 目的是要限制它更剧烈的动荡。
Central bank and commercial bank
Commercial banks have to keep a certain amount of their deposits to the central bank. When Commercial banks meet a bank run, central banks act as lender of last resort, but central banks don’t always bail out（ rescue banks in difficulty). Reserve-asset ratio: the minimum percentage of its deposits a bank has to keep in the central bank A bank run= a run on the bank
Riksbank in Sweden (1668)
国际金融(英文版第二版)Chapter 2 Theories of Balance of Payment
Transforming equation (2.2) into difference form yields:
dCA=dY-dA (2.3)
Thus the change in total absorption, dA, is given by:
dA=adY+dAd (2.4)
Chapter 2 Theories of bala
2.1 The elasticity approach to the balance of payments
This
approach provides an analysis of what happens to the current account balance when the country devalues its currency. The central message of the elasticity approach is that there are two direct effects of a devaluation on the current balance.
Taking the equation for national income:
Y=C+I+G+X-M (2.1)
2.2 The absorption approach to the balance of payments And defining domestic absorption as A=C+I+G, then we can get:
Figure 2.2 The money supply and reserves
Monetarists observe that the overall balance of payments can be thought of as consisting of the current account balance, the capital account balance, and change in the authorities’ reserves. That is: BP=CA+K=dR=0 So that:
国际金融第2章
Chapter Two
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Prof. Xiaojing Chen
The resultant change in relative price levels will slow exports from Great Britain and encourage exports from France.
2-10
Interwar Period: 1915-1944
2-12
Bretton Woods System: 1945-1972
British pound German mark
Par Value
French franc
• The U.S. dollar was pegged to gold at $35 /ounce and other currencies were pegged to the U.S. dollar.
2-4
Bimetallism: Before 1875
Bimetallism was a “double standard” in the sense that both gold and silver were used as money. Some countries were on the gold standard, some on the silver standard, and some on both. Both gold and silver were used as an international means of payment, and the exchange rates among currencies were determined by either their gold or silver contents.
国际金融英文版习题chapter2
1International FinanceAssignment Problems (2) Name: Student No.:I. Choose the correct answer for the following questions (only ONE correct answer)(5 credits for each question, total credits 4 x 15 = 60)1. According to the principle of the balanced balance of payments, if a country reduces its foreign exchange reserves by $20 million and the statistical discrepancy is in the credit entry of $5 million in a given period of time, the country runs __________ of its balance of payments during that period of time.A. $15 million deficitsB. $25 million deficitsC. $20 million deficitsD. $5 million deficits2. If a country’s domestic saving is greater than domestic investment, the country probably has __________.A. a current account surplusB. a net capital outflowC. a current account deficitD. Both A and B are possible.3. A debit entry in the balance-of-payments account represents a transaction that __________.A. a domestic resident receives a payment from abroadB. a domestic resident makes a payment to a foreign residentC. will improve the current account statusD. will have no affects on the nation’s foreign exchange reserves4. In terms of balance-of-payments account, which of the following would be recorded as a debit entry in the U.S. BOP?A. exports of merchandiseB. exports of servicesC. purchase of the U.S. Treasury bonds by non-residentsD. an increase of the deposit in a U.S. resident's account at a foreign bank5. A balance-of-payments deficit is defined as a situation in which __________.A. the value of payments made to the foreigners exceeds the value of receipts received from the foreigners in a given period of timeB. the government must borrow in order to meet its budget obligationsC. the value of manufactured good exports is less than the value of imported goodsD. a nation earns much in extra assets or reduced liabilities in its dealings with the rest of the world6. Which of the following would NOT be considered as a typical BOP transaction?A. Toyota USA is a US distributor of automobiles manufactured in Japan by its parent company.B. A U.S. subsidiary of European financial giant, Credit Suisse, pays dividends to its parent in Zurich.C. A US tourist purchases gifts at a museum in London.D. All are example of BOP transactions.7. The balance of payments is a statistical record which measures the total value of __________.A. a country’s foreign exchange reserves in a certain period of timeB. a country’s foreign trades between the residents of a country and its non-residents for a given period of timeC. all economic and financial transactions between the residents of a country and its non-residents for a given period of timeD. a country’s capital inflows and outflows at a particular date in a given year8. A British pension fund sells some of its holdings of the stocks of U.S. companies in order to buy U.S. corporate bonds. This transaction will affect __________.A. the U.S. international investment positionB. the British international investment positionC. both countries’ international investment positionD. None of the above. This is because both countries’ international investment position unchanged, only the composition of foreign investments in both U.S. and U.K. changes.9. Which of the following transactions is included in China’s balance-of-payments account?A. A U.S. embassy in Beijing pays salaries to its American staffs.B. The World Bank furnishes the Chinese government with a loan.C. A U.S. student pays tuition fees for his 4 year-study in Beijing University.D. The Chinese embassy in Washington buys telecommunication equipments from a Chinese company in Shanghai.10. If the U.S. runs current account deficits, we can expect that __________.A. it may act as a net debtor in the rest of the worldB. its domestic saving may less than its domestic investmentC. its domestic production is less than its domestic consumptionD. all of the above11. The trade deficit means that __________.A. residents are importing more goods than they are exportingB. residents are borrowing more funds than they are lendingC. residents are receiving more payments than they are makingD. residents are producing more goods than they are consuming12. Which of the following is an example of an exchange of financial assets?A. the exchange of butter for wheatB. the exchange of information technologyC. the exchange of a fixed-rate loan for a floating-rate loanD. the exchange of gold for jewelry13. For most countries, the subcategory that typically dominates the current account is __________.A. unilateral transfersB. goods tradeC. income tradeD. services trade14. When categorizing investments for the financial account component of the balance of payments the __________ is an investment where the investor has no incentive to control whereas the __________ is an investment where the investor wants to control over the assets.A. direct investment, portfolio investmentB. direct investment, indirect investmentC. portfolio investment, indirect investmentD. portfolio investment, direct investment15. If a country’s merchandise exports exceed its imports by $50 million, services trade balance is net $30 million and unilateral transfers made in excess of those received by $5 million, what is the country’s current account balance?A. $85 millionB. $75 millionC. $15 millionD. $25 million1. Country A’s BOT is __________.2. Country A’s current account balance is __________.3. Suppose the changes in country A’s official reserves are zero in 2010, its capital and financial account balance MUST be __________.4. If country A’s official reserves are recorded on the credit side by $10 million in 2010, its capital and financial account balance should be __________.5. Based on the assumption of question 4, country A has BOP deficit or surplus in 2010? Explain.6. What is the current account balance of a nation with a government budget deficit of $128 billion, private saving of $806 billion, and domestic capital formation of $777 billion?III. Express the following operations in the Dutch balance of payments in T-accounts:(5 credits for each question, total credits 3 x 5 = 15)a. A Dutch company exports €100,000 goods to a London company for €100,000 in bank deposits.b. An import billed for €150,000 paid with a check drawn on a London bank.c. A Dutch company based in Rotterdam uses €1 million that it was holding in a short-term deposit with its Rotterdam bank to purchase 10-year bonds issued by German government.IV. True or false: (7 credits)A credit entry in the balance of payments represents a demand for local currency whereas a debit entry represents a supply of local currency. You MUST explain your answer.Part IVTrue. Because the credit entry in BOP means domestic residents receiving foreigncurrencies. When they sell those foreign payments, they demand the local currency. The debit entry in BOP implies domestic residents need to buy foreign currencies with the local currency. Therefore, it represents a supply of local currency.。
金融专业英语 chapter 2 Money and Economics
2.3.2 Functions of the money market
The money market functions are:
Financing
Industry
3
2
Financing Trade
1
Profitable Investment
4
Self-Sufficiency of Commercial Bank
markets;
1
Learn how to measure the Interest Rates;
3 4
Learning Objectives
Know the determinants of Asset Demand;
Understand
interest rates
5
and portfolio choice.
2.3.1 Participants
➢ Banks ➢ Finance companies ➢ Government institutes ➢ Importers/Exporters ➢ Retail and institutional money market funds ➢ Cash management programs ➢ Speculators ➢ Tourists
国际金融英文版---Chapter 2
a government or a foreign
official lending and
en p157 for more details
International Lending and Financial Crises
International capital flows can bring two types of benefits.
Chapter 7
International
Lending and Financial Crises
International Lending and Financial Crises
An analysis of the benefits of international lending and borrowing.
Financial crises
– Why did many financial crises occur? – How can we resolve them? – What might we be able to do to make them less
frequent?
International Lending and Financial Crises
International Lending and Financial
Crises
International capital flows can bring two types of benefits.
International lending to developing countries: the debt crisis of 1982
Long term
loans
exchange rate risk.
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
重要说明
偏差
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
此研究方法给我们的启发
³ 我国能源的短缺
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
结束句
谢谢
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
Fundamentals of BOP Accounting
New York bank deposits.
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
Fundamentals of BOP Accounting
3. How do we record transactions between residents and nonresidents
A set of accounts(p14-18)
³ Each transaction, involves two opposite flows of equal value. ³ For example: ³ The U.S. government sells $29 million worth of wheat to Russia, being paid
Debit: unilateral transfer $8 million
Credit: goods
$8 million
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
Account name
Debit
Current account
67
Goods
34(2)
Services
Income
25(4)
•Financia l account
•BOP
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
Fundamentals of BOP Accounting
Goods includes goods such as raw materials and
manufactured goods that are bought, sold or given away (possibly in the form of aid).
1. double-entry bookkeeping
³ Each transaction is recorded twice in the balance of payments: ³ once as a credit and once as a debit.
2. Why can we use double-entry bookkeeping to record a transaction?
$34 million
Credit: portfolio investment $34 million
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
Fundamentals of BOP Accounting
3. Brazilian soccer fans spend $6 million as tourists in the U.S., paying through New York bank deposits.
with $29 million in gold by the Russian government. ³ A U.S. utility company buys $34 million in natural gas from a Canadian firm
and it pays by writing a check on its deposits in New York bank. ³ Brazilian soccer fans spend $6 million as tourists in the U.S., paying through
Debit: income
$25 million
Credit: portfolio investment $25 million
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
Fundamentals of BOP Accounting
5.The U.S. government gives $8 million in foreign aid to the government of Egypt in the form of wheat.
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
Fundamentals of BOP Accounting
³ Income: Receipts from income-generating assets
such as stocks (in the form of dividends) are also recorded in the current account. ³ The last component of the current account is
模型：投入产出模型 列昂惕夫模型
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
终端能源消耗的关键部门分析
投入产出模型构建
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•② • ③
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
终端能源消耗的关键部门分析
•④
•⑥
•⑤
•⑦
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
终端能源消耗的关键部门分析
³ Also included are government-owned assets such as foreign reserves, gold, special drawing rights (SDRs) held with the International Monetary Fund, private assets held abroad, and direct foreign investment. Assets owned by foreigners, private and official, are also recorded in the financial account
国际金融英文版--ChapterTwo
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2020/11/10
国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
框架图
终端能源消耗的关键部门
此研究方法给我们•的· 启发
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
终端能源消耗的关键部门分析
简介 目的：展现一个可以在不同部门之间建立终端能源消耗 相关性的研究方法，并通过其在西班牙经济中的运用找 出哪些部门在终端能源消耗中应予以更多的关注。
•⑧
•
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
终端能源消耗的关键部门分析
· 实证分析
数据来源 国际能源机构（IEA） 经济合作与发展组织（OECD） 以及其他有研究成果的信息
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
终端能源消耗的关键部门分析
具体分析 表2
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
Fundamentals of BOP Accounting
The financial account is where all international capital transfers are recorded.
³ It is a record of all international transactions for assets including bonds, treasury bills, bank deposits, stocks, currency, real estate, etc.
Services refer to receipts from tourism, transportation
(like the levy that must be paid in Egypt when a ship passes through the Suez Canal), engineering, business service fees (from lawyers or management consulting, for example), and royalties from patents and copyrights.
Debit: portfolio investment $6 million
Credit: services
$6 million
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
Fundamentals of BOP Accounting
4.The U.S. Treasury pays $25 million in interest on its past borrowing from Japanese investors, paying with checks on a New York bank.
Debit: Official reserve assets $15million Credit: foreign (portfolio ) investment $15 million
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
Fundamentals of BOP Accounting
国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
C 纺织和鞋类（9），造纸印刷（10），其 他制造业（11），贸易（13），其他销售 服务（17）金属制品（6） D 交通运输设备（7），住宿餐饮业（14） 其他非销售服务（18）