2018年4月自考真题：《外国文学作品选》简答题详解及解析
全国2018年4月自考外国文学史试题(真题+解析)
全国2018年4月自考外国文学史试题（真题+解析）课程代码:00540请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1、答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2、每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
一、单项选择题：本大题共26小题，每小题1分，共26分。
在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。
1、提出“寓教于乐”原则的古罗马诗人是A.贺拉斯B.维吉尔C.泰伦斯D.西塞罗2、欧洲中世纪后期英雄史诗中最有代表性的作品是A.《贝奥武甫》B.《熙德之歌》C.《罗兰之歌》D.《尼伯龙根之歌》3、《神曲》中带领但丁游历天堂的是A.维吉尔B.爱斯梅拉达C.贺拉斯D.贝雅特丽齐4、《十日谈》的作者薄伽丘是A.法国人B.德国人C.英国人D.意大利人5、文艺复兴时期法国作家拉伯雷的代表作是A.《项狄传》B.《堂吉诃德》C.《巨人传》D.《天路历程》6、法国古典主义的立法者是A.莫里哀B.布瓦洛C.高乃依D.拉辛7、英国作家笛福的代表作是A.《鲁滨逊漂流记》B.《格列佛游记》C.《感伤的旅行》D.《恰尔德•哈洛尔德游记》8、《巴黎圣母院》中代表天主教会恶势力的人物是A.克罗德B. 丁梅斯代尔C.米里哀D.伽西莫多9、19世纪美国诗人惠特曼的代表作是A.《心声集》B.《草叶集》C.《秋叶集》D.《抒情歌谣集》10、俄国文学史上第一个“多余人”形象趄A.奥涅金B.罗亭C.毕巧林D.奥勃洛摩夫11、法国小说《卡门》的作者是A.福楼拜B.缪塞C.梅里美D.乔治•桑12、被称为“俄罗斯民族戏剧之父”的作家是A.果戈理B.车尔尼雪夫斯基C.契诃夫D.奥斯特洛夫斯基13、长篇小说《简•爱》的作者是A.夏洛蒂•勃朗特B.盖斯凯尔夫人C.艾米莉•勃朗特D.乔治•艾略特14、都德小说《最后的一课》的背景是A.英法战争B.七月革命C.普法战争D.三十年战争15、马克•吐温的作品《竞选州长》的体裁是A.短篇小说B.戏剧C.长篇小说D.叙事诗16、《等待戈多》的作者是A.阿尔比B.品特C.贝克特D.尤奈斯库17、美国作家约瑟夫•海勒是A. “黑色幽默”作家B. “垮掉的一代”作家C.超现实主义作家D. “迷惘的一代”作家18、《静静的顿河》的男主人公是A.葛利高里B.彼得罗C.圣地亚哥D.高里奥19、《永别了，武器》的作者是A.德莱塞B.贝科夫C.海明威D.雷马克20、苏联“全景小说”《生者与死者》的作者是A.西蒙诺夫B.邦达列夫C.法捷耶夫D.恰科夫斯基21、世界上迄今发现最早最完整的史诗是A.《罗摩衍那》B.《摩诃婆罗多》C.《列王纪》D.《吉尔伽美什》22、印度古代第一部诗歌总集是A.《梨俱吠陀》B.《夜柔吠陀》C.《娑摩吠陀》D.《阿闼婆吠陀》23、日本古代物语文学的最高成就是A.《竹取物语》B.《源氏物语》C.《伊势物语》D.《平家物语》24、泰戈尔长篇小说《沉船》的男主人公是A.罗梅西B.戈拉C.戈巴尔D.摩诃摩耶25、1986年获得诺贝尔文学奖的尼日利亚作家是A.奥诺约B.阿契贝C.索因卡D.戈迪默26、普列姆昌德的代表作是A.《博爱新村》B.《戈丹》C.《祖国的痛楚》D.《服务院》二、多项选择题：本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分。
自考2018年4月《外国文学史》真题
一、单项选择题：本大题共26小题，每小题1分，共26分。在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。1.提出“寓教于乐”原则的古罗马诗人是（ ）。A．贺拉斯B．维吉尔C．泰伦斯D．西塞罗【答案】A【解析】贺拉斯是杰出的讽刺诗人和抒情诗人，在文艺的社会功能方面，他提出“寓教于乐”的原则。B维吉尔是古罗马最伟大的诗人，C泰伦斯是罗马戏剧家，D西塞罗是古罗马政治家、雄辩家、哲学家和散文作家。【考点】西方古代文学——概述2.欧洲中世纪后期英雄史诗中最有代表性的作品是（ ）。A．《贝奥武甫》B．《熙德之歌》C．《罗兰之歌》D．《尼伯龙根之歌》【答案】C【解析】欧洲后期英雄史诗最著名的史诗有法国的《罗兰之歌》、西班牙的《熙德之歌》、德国的《尼伯龙根之歌》和俄罗斯的《伊戈尔远征记》，其中《罗兰之歌》是后期英雄史诗中最有代表性的作品。A《贝奥武普》是流传至今最完整的一部早期英雄史诗。【考点】西方中古文学——概述3.《神曲》中带领但丁游历天堂的是（ ）。A．维吉尔B．爱斯梅拉达C．贺拉斯D．贝雅特丽齐【答案】D【解析】A维吉尔带领但丁游历了地狱、炼狱，象征着诗人对于知识的推崇，把知识作为通往至善至美的天堂的向导。B爱斯梅拉达是《巴黎圣母院》里的人物。C贺拉斯是杰出的讽刺诗人和抒情诗人，在文艺的社会功能方面，他提出“寓教于乐”的原则。【考点】西方中古文学——但丁4.《十日谈》的作者薄伽丘是（ ）。A．法国人B．德国人C．英国人D．意大利人【答案】D【解析】意大利是文艺复兴运动的发源地，薄伽丘是意大利杰出作家。【考点】文艺复兴时期文学——概述5.文艺复兴时期法国作家拉伯雷的代表作是（ ）。A．《项狄传》B．《堂吉诃德》C．《巨人传》D．《天路历程》【答案】C【解析】A《项狄传》是18世纪英国文学大师劳伦
2018年4月自考真题：《外国文学史》论述题部分及答案
2018年4月自考真题：《外国文学史》论述题部分及答案五、论述题：本大题共2小题，每小题12分，共24分。
41、【题干】论述荷马史诗的艺术特色【答案】1、《荷马史诗》塑造了众多的英雄形象，他们“没有一个不具有特殊的性格”，“每个人都是一个整体，本身就是一个世界，每个人都是一个完满的有生气的人，而不是某种孤立的性格特征的寓言式的抽象品”。
2、《荷马史诗》结构紧凑，安排巧妙。
《伊利昂纪》写的是战争，突出“阿喀琉斯的愤怒”。
《奥德修纪》写主人公的漂泊、还乡和复仇，突出海上冒险。
3、《荷马史诗》语言流畅自然、优美动听，比喻生动形象，往往借助自然界中的动植物来比喻人，后人赞誉为“荷马式的比喻”。
另外，史诗中还常常使用固定的程式化的形容词和称谓，这种程式化的用语是适应口头文学的形式而产生的，能使人物形象更加鲜明，增加表达的色彩。
【考点】《荷马史诗》——《荷马史诗》艺术成就42、【题干】论述拉斯蒂涅人物形象【答案】拉斯蒂涅是复辟时期青年野心家的典型。
他是外省小贵族的子弟。
不愿埋头读书，更不愿顺着社会阶梯一步步攀登，而是羡慕挥金如土的生活。
1、他在鲍赛昂子爵夫人那里接受了社会教育的第一课:“你越没有心肝，越高升得快。
你得不留情地打击人家，叫人家怕你。
只能把男男女女当做驿马，把它们骑得筋疲力尽，到了站上丢下来;这样你就能达到欲望的最高峰。
”她还指点他要把自己的真实感情隐藏起来,以追求一个贵妇作为踏人上流社会的钥匙。
2、伏脱冷给他上了第二课:“要弄大钱,就要大刀阔斧地干,要不就完事大吉。
”伏脱冷的邪恶说教使拉斯蒂涅往社会这个名利场的泥坑深陷了一步。
鲍赛昂子爵夫人退出上流社会,使他看到上流社会根本不讲什么感情，只讲金钱和个人利益。
3、高老头之死完成了他的社会教育。
他看到两对女儿女婿的无情无义和这个社会寡廉鲜耻的真实面貌。
在埋葬高老头的同时，他也埋葬了年轻人的最后一滴眼泪，勇猛地投人社会的深渊。
【考点】巴尔扎克——《高老头》。
全国2018年4月自考中外文学作品导读真题
全国2018年4月自学考试中外文学作品导读试卷(课程代码00415)第一部分选择题一、单项选择题：本大题共40小题，每小题l分，共40分。
1.譬喻对应的《诗经》中的艺术手法是A．赋 B. 比 C．兴 D．雅2．屈原带有自传色彩的长篇抒情诗是A．《九歌》 B．《天问》 C．《楚辞》D．《离骚》3．“蒹葭采采，白露未已”中“采采”的意思是A．采撷 B. 有神采C．色彩缤纷 D．茂盛众多的样子4．主张顺应自然，达到“独与天地精神往来”的“逍遥”境界的是A．孔子 B．孟子 C．荀子D．庄子5．成语“既来之则安之”出自A．《荀子》 B．《南华真经》 C．《论语》 D. 《孟子》6．下列史书属于国别史的是A．《春秋》 B．《国语》 C．《左传》D．《史记》7．《烛之武退秦师》的作者是A．班固 B．左丘明 C．司马迁 D．班彪8．曹丕的《燕歌行》是A．四言诗 B．五言诗 C．七言诗 D. 散文9．《古诗十九首》之《行行重行行》表达的是A．母子离别之苦 B．父子离别之痛C．兄弟离别之恩 D．思妇与游子的离别之情10．“人生代代无穷已，江月年年只相似。
”的下面两句诗是A．江畔何人初见月?江月何年初照人?B．江水流春去欲尽，江潭落月复西斜。
C．鸿雁长飞光不度，鱼龙潜跃水成文。
D．不知江月照何人，但见长江送流水。
11．诗句“世间行乐亦如此，古来万事东流水。
别君去兮何时还?且放自鹿青崖问，须行即骑访名山。
”出自A．《梦游天姥吟留别》 B．《李凭箜篌引》C．《走马川行奉送出师西征》D．《终南山》12．被王安石赞以“唐人知学老杜而得其藩篱者，唯义山一人而已”的诗人是A．李贺 B．杜牧 C．白居易 D．李商隐1 3．名旬“问君能有几多愁?恰似一江春水向东流。
”出自A．《虞美人》 B．《江城子》 C．《雨霖铃》 D．《破阵子》1 4．下列选项中不属于李清照《声声慢》开头十四个叠字包含的情思的是A．怀念之苦 B．急切之情C. 冷清孤苦 D．空虚忧愁15．被王国维赞为“即列之于世界大悲剧中，亦无愧色也”的元杂剧是A．《莺莺传》 B．《窦娥冤》 C. 《西厢记》D. 《牡丹亭》16．关于“桐城派”，下列说法错误的是A．明代散文的标杆B．讲求“义法”C．以方苞等人为代表D．主张按照古文通则对文章进行严格规范17．关于韩愈，下列说法错误的是A．字退之，世称韩昌黎B．是《五代史伶官传序》的作者C．提倡散体，倡导唐代的古文运动D. 主张文以载道18．主张“独抒陛灵，不拘格套”的文学派别是A．桐城派 B．革新派 C．公安派 D．复古派19．下列选项中不属于明代“三大传奇”的一项是A．《宝剑记》 B．《浣纱记》 C。
(全新整理)4月全国自考中外文学作品导读试题及答案解析
全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试中外文学作品导读试题课程代码：00415一、单项选择题（本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1．《诗经·黍离》中的“彼黍离离，彼稷之苗”，既是写眼前景，也是（）A．比喻B．起兴C．夸张D．讽刺2．《国语·召公谏厉王弭谤》典型地体现了《国语》的（）A．叙事特色B．记言特色C．描写特色D．铺排特色3．左思的《咏史》诗应当理解为（）A．咏物诗B．咏史诗C．咏怀诗D．说理诗4．南朝民歌《西洲曲》紧承“单衫杏子红”之后的诗句是（）A．折梅寄江北B．双鬓鸦雏色C．仰首望飞鸿D．垂手明如玉5．中唐现实主义诗歌的代表诗人是（）A．元稹和白居易B．韩愈和孟郊C．李贺和刘禹锡D．杜牧和柳宗元6．杂剧《汉宫秋》的作者是（）A．王实甫B．马致远C．白朴D．纪君祥7．小令在元代又称“叶儿”，一片叶儿的意思是（）A．形式短小B．清新活泼C．体式自由D．曲牌8．深受下层人民喜爱的“说话”技艺在哪个朝代开始流行？（）A．唐代B．北宋C．南宋D．明代19．宋词是在什么基础上发展起来的？（）A．民间小曲B．城市歌舞伎艺C．晚唐五代文人创作D．西域新声10．明代白话短篇小说的代表作品是“三言”和“二拍”，其中“二拍”的编写者是（）A．瞿佑B．李祯C．冯梦龙D．凌濛初11．下列词人属于“晚清四大词人”中的是（）A．陈维松B．张惠言C．周济D．况周颐12．清代戏剧作品《长生殿》的作者是（）A．孔尚任B．洪升C．李渔D．李玉13．李煜《虞美人》中“故国不堪回首月明中”之“故国”指的是（）A．北宋B．南宋C．南唐D．北齐14．杜甫的《登高》属于什么诗？（）A．悲秋诗B．咏春诗C．咏物诗D．写景诗15．刘禹锡的《陋室铭》中的“可以调素琴、阅金经”中的“金经”指的是（）A．儒家经典B．《道德经》C．《诗经》D．佛经16．王勃在《送杜少府之任蜀州》中推陈出新铸成的名句是（）A．城阙辅三秦，风烟望五津。
全国2018年4月自考《外国文学作品选》考试真题及答案
全国2018年4月自考《外国文学作品选》考试真题及答案一.单项选择题：本大题共30小题每小题1分，共30分，在每小题列出的备选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。
1.在《伊利亚特》中代表着氏族英雄最高理想的人物是A.阿基琉斯B.赫克托耳C.帕里斯D.阿伽门农【答案】B【解析】《伊利亚特》主要人物形象：阿基琉斯：氏族社会向奴隶制时代转型时期的英雄形象。
勇猛又残忍、冷酷又仁慈、自私却又无私。
赫克托耳：氏族英雄的最高理想。
沉稳、内向、有人情味、具有强烈的集体责任感，不畏惧死亡，是厄运英雄。
【考点】荷马《伊利亚特》2.在《永生的阿弗洛狄忒》中提到的司劝导的女神是A.缪斯B.蓓脱C.雅典娜D.赫拉【答案】B【解析】书中节选：我狂热的心在把什么追逐。
我会问：“你希望蓓脱女神把谁说服，而领入你的情网?告诉我，是谁，委屈了萨福?···”【考点】萨福《永生的阿弗洛狄忒》3.在古希腊三大悲剧家中，被称为“舞台上的哲学家”的是A.欧里庇得斯B.索福克勒斯C.埃斯库罗斯D.阿里斯托芬【答案】A【解析】欧里庇得斯是雅典奴隶主民主制国家危机时期的悲剧作家，出身贵族，他深受智者学派影响，在悲剧里他提出了许多问题，诸如神性与人性、战争与和平、民主、妇女、家庭、奴隶等，因而被称为“舞台上的哲学家”。
他一生虽未参与过政治生活，但一直细心观察思考当时的现实，对许多问题都有自己的独到见解，在三大悲剧作家中，他是反映现实生活最具体、最真实的一位。
【考点】欧里庇得斯4.在《神曲》中贝亚特丽采带领但丁游历了A.地狱B.炼狱C.天堂D.人间【答案】C【解析】《神曲》中但丁由古罗马诗人维吉尔带领游历了地狱与炼狱;再由贝亚特丽采带领游历了天堂。
【考点】但丁《神曲》5.在十日谈的第四天故事一中，唐克烈派人杀害了A.贝尔纳博B.绮思梦达C.纪斯卡多D.加布亚【答案】C【解析】爱情悲剧故事。
亲王唐克烈的女儿绮斯梦达与侍从纪斯卡多相爱，由于地位悬殊，为父亲所不容。
2018年4月自考真题：《外国文学作品选》多选题答案及解析
2018年4月自考真题：《外国文学作品选》多选题答案及解析二.多项选择题：本大题共5小题，每小题2分共10分，在每小题列出的备选项中至少有两项是符合题目要求的，请将其选出，错选、多选或少选均无分。
31.德国“狂飚突进“作家的创作主张是A.否定现存的封建制度，主张返回自然。
B.消陈迷信，恢复理性的权威C.提倡民族意识，要求民族解放D.追求个性解放，推崇天才E.强调文学的民族风格【答案】ACDE【解析】：①主张发挥人的主观能动性，实现个性解放。
②崇尚"天才"，认为"天才"体现了个性得到充分发展的完美人的形象。
③"自然"在狂飙突进运动的词汇中是一个特定的概念。
④如果说启蒙运动提倡理性，则狂飙突进更强调感情，认为在理性与感情的结合中，由于感情的巨大作用，可以使人发挥更大的主观能动性。
⑤在德国市民阶级中唤起了民族意识的觉醒，德国自三十年战争以来的四分五裂局面，被认为是不自然的政治状况。
【考点】狂飙突进运动32.拜伦在《哀希腊》中，从“文教”的角度回顾了古希腊民族的辉煌成就，列举的作品有A.萨福诗歌B.阿那克里翁持情诗C.古希腊悲剧D.阿波罗神话E.荷马史诗【答案】ABDE【解析】诗人从“文教”和“武功”两个角度回顾了古希腊民族的辉煌成就。
“文教”提到了阿波罗神话、荷马史诗、萨福和阿那克里翁的抒情诗。
“武功”列举了马拉松战役、萨拉米海战，以及三百斯巴达勇士以血肉之躯抗击强敌的温泉关战斗，这些著名战例彰显了希腊民族勇于抵抗侵略，捍卫独立、自由的光荣传统。
【考点】拜伦《哀希腊》33.在《一千零一夜》中歌颂忠贞爱情和对于幸福生活追求的故事有A.《乌木马的故事》B.《努伦丁和迪伦丁的故事》C.《白侯图的故事》D.《巴索拉银匠哈桑的故事》E.《山鲁佐德和国王山鲁亚尔的故事》【答案】ABD【解析】表现劳动人民追求美好生活的强烈愿望，尤其是对忠贞不渝的爱情的向往的故事有：《乌木马的故事》、《努伦丁和迪伦丁的故事》、《巴索拉银匠哈桑的故事》等。
4月全国高等教育自学考试中外文学作品导读试题及答案解析
全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试中外文学作品导读试题课程代码：00415一、单项选择题（本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.继《春秋》之后，最先出现的一部记事比较详尽的编年体史书是( )A.《国语》B.《左传》C.《战国策》D.《尚书》2.先秦诸子散文的发展可分为三个阶段，第二阶段的代表著作是( )A.《论语》和《孟子》B.《论语》和《墨子》C.《墨子》和《荀子》D.《孟子》和《庄子》3.《庄子》一书现存33篇，分为内、外、杂篇，一般认为为庄子所作的是( )A.内篇B.外篇C.杂篇D.内篇和外篇4.两汉乐府诗基本上是属于( )A.叙事型诗歌B.抒情型诗歌C.写物型诗歌D.说理型诗歌5.在“建安七子”中被刘勰称为“七子之冠冕”的作家是( )A.孔融B.陈琳C.王粲D.徐干6.《诗经·氓》中下列诗句属于“比”的用法的是( )A.氓之蚩蚩，抱布贸丝B.女也不爽，士贰其行C.于嗟鸠兮，无食桑葚D.反是不思，亦已焉哉7.《左传·烛之武退秦师》中“焉用亡郑以陪邻?邻之厚，君之薄也。
”的“陪”意思是( )A.伴随B.赔偿C.辅佐D.增益8.《离骚》紧承“扈江离与辟芷兮’’之后的诗句是( )A.夕揽洲之宿莽B.纫秋兰以为佩C·恐美人之迟暮 D.来吾导夫先路9.《鸿门宴》中“财物无所取，妇女无所幸”的“幸”意思是( )A.幸福B.宠爱C.幸亏D.关爱10.曹操《短歌行》中“明明如月，何时可掇?”表达的是( )A.壮志难酬的苦闷B.超脱不羁的精神C.渴慕贤才的心情D.慷慨悲凉的风格11.唐代边塞诗派的代表诗人是( )A.李白、杜甫B.王维、孟浩然C.高适、岑参D.韩愈、孟郊12.杜甫诗歌的基本风格是( )A.豪放悲壮B.峻洁幽深C.沉郁顿挫D.神采飘逸13.初唐继承南朝声律说和各种艺术技巧对格律诗成熟做出不可磨灭贡献的诗人是( )A.陈子昂和王绩B.沈佺期和宋之问C.初唐四杰D.上官仪和虞世南14.被誉为“元曲四大家”的四位作家是( )A.关汉卿、王实甫、马致远、纪君祥B.关汉卿、白朴、马致远、郑光祖C.关汉卿、王实甫、高文秀、白朴D.关汉卿、白朴、郑光祖、高文秀15.标榜“无一字无来处”、“夺胎换骨”、“点铁成金”的诗派是( )A.江西诗派B.白体诗派C.晚唐体诗派D.西崑体诗派16.明代戏曲流派“临川派”的代表人物是( )A.李开先B.汤显祖C.沈璟D.徐渭17.主张“文章合为时而著，诗歌合为事而作”的唐代作家是( )A.李白B.杜甫C.白居易D.王维18.张岱散文《西湖七月半》中“弱管轻丝，竹肉相发”的“肉”指的是( )A.肌肉B.果肉C.歌喉D.丰满19.孔尚任《桃花扇》的主要线索是( )A.复社文人和阉党的斗争B.南明王朝的衰败和覆亡C.侯方域和李香君的爱情故事D.侯方域和李香君的矛盾20.主张真情实感自然流露而时见机趣的“性灵说”的清代诗人是( )A.王士禛B.沈德潜C.袁枚D.纳兰性德21.古希腊“英雄时代”的主要文学成就是( )A.神话和传说B.散文和寓言C.神话和史诗D.悲剧和喜剧22.古罗马开欧洲“文人史诗”之先河的一部作品是( )A.泰伦提乌斯的《婆母》B.维吉尔的《埃涅阿斯纪》C.贺拉斯的《诗艺》D.奥维德的《变形记》23.日本江户时代被称作“俳圣”的作家是( )A.井原西鹤B.松尾芭蕉C.紫式部D.二叶亭四迷24.《春香传》是哪个国家的文学作品?( )A.越南B.朝鲜C.波斯D.日本25.但丁的著名抒情诗集《新生》的主要内容是( )A.歌颂美好的大自然B.歌颂纯洁的爱情C.歌颂崇高的神性D.歌颂伟大的理想26.欧洲文学史上第一个资产阶级“英雄”形象是( )A.浮士德B.于连·索黑尔C.鲁滨逊D.汤姆·琼斯27.英国“湖畔派”诗人的主要代表人物是.( )A.华兹华斯、柯勒律治、骚塞B.拜伦、雪莱、济慈C.华兹华斯、骚塞、济慈D.拜伦、雪莱、柯勒律治28.第一次成功地把典型环境与典型人物的描写有机地结合起来的欧洲现实主义文学的奠基之作是( )A.司汤达的《红与黑》B.巴尔扎克的《高老头》C.福楼拜的《包法利夫人》D.狄更斯的《大卫·科波菲尔》29.《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》最突出的成就是( )A.塑造了俄国文学史上独具特色的“多余人”的形象B.开创了俄罗斯文学描写“小人物”形象的先河C.确立了俄国文学的批判倾向D.形成了“含泪的笑”的独特风格30.被誉为“世界短篇小说巨匠”的作家是( )A.契诃夫B.莫泊桑C.梅里美D.茨威格31.获诺贝尔文学奖的《日瓦戈医生》的作者是( )A.萧洛霍夫B.帕斯捷尔纳克C.艾托玛托夫D.拉斯普京32.《伪君子》通过答丢夫这个人物的塑造表现了什么主题?( )A.揭露教会势力的欺骗性B.批判资产阶级的贪婪性C.鞭挞小市民的势利性D.讽刺贵族阶级的伪善性33.1867年，马克·吐温因发表他的第一部幽默小说而名噪全国，这部小说是( )A.《竞选州长》B.《王子与贫民》C.《汤姆·索亚历险记》D.《加利维拉县有名的跳蛙》34.最深刻地表现了现代社会中“人的异化”这一主题的现代派文学作品是( )A.艾略特的《荒原》B.乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》C.卡夫卡的《变形记》D.贝克特的《等待戈多》35.20世纪30年代提倡“幽默”、“性灵”、“闲适”的小品散文的流派是( )A.现代派B.新感觉派C.七月派D.论语派36.20世纪60年代被人们称为政治抒情诗“双子星座”的诗人是( )A.何其芳、艾青B.郭小川、贺敬之C.李季、闻捷D.田间、张志民37.在新时期改革小说创作中，出现最早、成就最大、影响最广的作家是( )A.柯云路B.张洁C.李国文D.蒋子龙38.“文革”期间对文艺界发动政治迫害、实施文化专制主义的文艺纲领是( )A.《文艺战线上的一场大辩论》B.《对文艺问题的意见》C.《部队文艺工作座谈会纪要》D.《评新编历史剧<海瑞罢官》39.“轻轻的我走了，正如我轻轻的来；我轻轻的招手，作别西天的云彩。
【自考真题】全国2018年4月自考中外文学作品导读真题
全国2018年4月自考中外文学作品导读真题全国2018年4月自学考试中外文学作品导读试卷(课程代码00415)第一部分选择题一、单项选择题：本大题共40小题，每小题l分，共40分。
在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。
1.譬喻对应的《诗经》中的艺术手法是A．赋 B. 比 C．兴 D．雅2．屈原带有自传色彩的长篇抒情诗是A．《九歌》 B．《天问》 C．《楚辞》D．《离骚》3．“蒹葭采采，白露未已”中“采采”的意思是A．采撷 B. 有神采C．色彩缤纷 D．茂盛众多的样子4．主张顺应自然，达到“独与天地精神往来”的“逍遥”境界的是A．孔子 B．孟子 C．荀子D．庄子5．成语“既来之则安之”出自A．《荀子》 B．《南华真经》 C．《论语》 D. 《孟子》6．下列史书属于国别史的是A．《春秋》 B．《国语》 C．《左传》D．《史记》7．《烛之武退秦师》的作者是A．班固B．左丘明 C．司马迁 D．班彪8．曹丕的《燕歌行》是A．四言诗 B．五言诗 C．七言诗 D. 散文9．《古诗十九首》之《行行重行行》表达的是A．母子离别之苦 B．父子离别之痛C．兄弟离别之恩 D．思妇与游子的离别之情10．“人生代代无穷已，江月年年只相似。
”的下面两句诗是A．江畔何人初见月?江月何年初照人?B．江水流春去欲尽，江潭落月复西斜。
C．鸿雁长飞光不度，鱼龙潜跃水成文。
D．不知江月照何人，但见长江送流水。
11．诗句“世间行乐亦如此，古来万事东流水。
别君去兮何时还?且放自鹿青崖问，须行即骑访名山。
”出自A．《梦游天姥吟留别》 B．《李凭箜篌引》C．《走马川行奉送出师西征》D．《终南山》12．被王安石赞以“唐人知学老杜而得其藩篱者，唯义山一人而已”的诗人是A．李贺 B．杜牧 C．白居易 D．李商隐1 3．名旬“问君能有几多愁?恰似一江春水向东流。
”出自A．《虞美人》 B．《江城子》 C．《雨霖铃》 D．《破阵子》1 4．下列选项中不属于李清照《声声慢》开头十四个叠字包含的情思的是A．怀念之苦 B．急切之情C. 冷清孤苦 D．空虚忧愁15．被王国维赞为“即列之于世界大悲剧中，亦无愧色也”的元杂剧是A．《莺莺传》 B．《窦娥冤》 C. 《西厢记》D. 《牡丹亭》16．关于“桐城派”，下列说法错误的是A．明代散文的标杆B．讲求“义法”C．以方苞等人为代表D．主张按照古文通则对文章进行严格规范17．关于韩愈，下列说法错误的是A．字退之，世称韩昌黎B．是《五代史伶官传序》的作者C．提倡散体，倡导唐代的古文运动D. 主张文以载道18．主张“独抒陛灵，不拘格套”的文学派别是A．桐城派 B．革新派 C．公安派 D．复古派19．下列选项中不属于明代“三大传奇”的一项是A．《宝剑记》 B．《浣纱记》 C。
最新4月浙江自考中外文学史论试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年4月自学考试中外文学史论试题课程代码：01146一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.《诗经》的基本句式是以__________为主。
（）A.三言B.四言C.五言D.七言2.诗经《七月》篇中说“七月流火”，其中“火”是指（）A.星座名B.炎热C.季节D.流汗3.被鲁迅先生称为“史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚”的著作是（）A.《史记》B.《汉书》C.《后汉书》D.《资治通鉴》4.“先生不知何许人也，亦不详其姓字。
宅边有五柳树，因以为号焉。
”这里描述的人物是（）A.曹植B.陶渊明C.柳宗元D.刘义庆5.骆宾王《在狱咏蝉》中说“西陆蝉声唱，南冠客思深”，“西陆”是指（）A.水的西边B.草坡的西边C.秋天D.春天6.中国文学史上第一部文人创作的以家庭生活为题材的白话小说是（）A.《三国演义》B.《红楼梦》C.《金瓶梅》D.《儒林外史》7.在元曲创作中，被推为元曲四大家之首的是（）A.关汉卿B.王实甫C.纪君祥D.白朴8.1917年1月，胡适在《新青年》上发表了__________，提出文学改良应从“八事”入手。
（）A.《文学改良刍议》B.《文学革命论》C.《人的文学》D.《平民文学》9.中国现代文学史上最早成立的一个新文学专业团体是（）A.文学研究会B.创造社1C.新月社D.湖畔诗派10.1907年中国留日学生曾孝谷、李叔同等组织了戏剧团体__________介绍和演出西方戏剧。
（）A.民众戏剧社B.春柳社C.弥洒社D.浅草社11.戴望舒的《雨巷》是中国现代主义新诗的代表作，诗歌采用了__________的艺术手法。
（）A.象征主义B.赋比兴C.夸张D.讽喻12.曹禺的《原野》在表现仇虎逃到黑森林的这一场成功地运用象征和幻觉等西方__________戏剧的手法，来刻画人物内心的惊慌和挣扎。
全国2018年4月自考外国文学作品选考试(真题+解析)
全国2018年4月自考外国文学作品选考试（真题+解析）第一部分选择题一.单项选择题本大题共30小题每小题1分，共30分，在每小题列出的备选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。
1.在《伊利亚特》中代表着氏族英雄最高理想的人物是A.阿基琉斯B.赫克托耳C.帕里斯D.阿伽门农【答案】B【解析】《伊利亚特》主要人物形象：阿基琉斯：氏族社会向奴隶制时代转型时期的英雄形象。
勇猛又残忍、冷酷又仁慈、自私却又无私。
赫克托耳：氏族英雄的最高理想。
沉稳、内向、有人情味、具有强烈的集体责任感，不畏惧死亡，是厄运英雄。
【考点】荷马《伊利亚特》2.在《永生的阿弗洛狄忒》中提到的司劝导的女神是A.缪斯B.蓓脱C.雅典娜D.赫拉【答案】B【解析】书中节选：我狂热的心在把什么追逐。
我会问：“你希望蓓脱女神把谁说服，而领入你的情网？告诉我，是谁，委屈了萨福？···”【考点】萨福《永生的阿弗洛狄忒》3.在古希腊三大悲剧家中，被称为“舞台上的哲学家”的是A.欧里庇得斯B.索福克勒斯C.埃斯库罗斯D.阿里斯托芬【答案】A【解析】欧里庇得斯是雅典奴隶主民主制国家危机时期的悲剧作家，出身贵族，他深受智者学派影响，在悲剧里他提出了许多问题，诸如神性与人性、战争与和平、民主、妇女、家庭、奴隶等，因而被称为“舞台上的哲学家”。
他一生虽未参与过政治生活，但一直细心观察思考当时的现实，对许多问题都有自己的独到见解，在三大悲剧作家中，他是反映现实生活最具体、最真实的一位。
【考点】欧里庇得斯4.在《神曲》中贝亚特丽采带领但丁游历了A.地狱B.炼狱C.天堂D.人间【答案】C【解析】《神曲》中但丁由古罗马诗人维吉尔带领游历了地狱与炼狱；再由贝亚特丽采带领游历了天堂。
【考点】但丁《神曲》5.在十日谈的第四天故事一中，唐克烈派人杀害了A.贝尔纳博B.绮思梦达C.纪斯卡多D.加布亚【答案】C【解析】爱情悲剧故事。
亲王唐克烈的女儿绮斯梦达与侍从纪斯卡多相爱，由于地位悬殊，为父亲所不容。
2018年4月外国文学作品选自考真题及答案解析
2018年4月外国文学作品选自考真题及答案解析(1/30)单项选择题第1题在《伊利亚特》中代表着氏族英雄最高理想的人物是（）。
A.阿基琉斯B.赫克托耳C.帕里斯D.阿伽门农下一题(2/30)单项选择题第2题在《永生的阿弗洛狄忒》中提到的司劝导的女神是（）。
A.缪斯B.蓓脱C.雅典娜D.赫拉上一题下一题(3/30)单项选择题第3题在古希腊三大悲剧家中，被称为“舞台上的哲学家”的是（）。
A.欧里庇得斯B.索福克勒斯C.埃斯库罗斯D.阿里斯托芬上一题下一题(4/30)单项选择题第4题在《神曲》中贝亚特丽采带领但丁游历了（）。
A.地狱B.炼狱C.天堂D.人间上一题下一题(5/30)单项选择题第5题在十日谈的第四天故事一中，唐克烈派人杀害了（）。
A.贝尔纳博B.绮思梦达C.纪斯卡多D.加布亚上一题下一题(6/30)单项选择题第6题《巨人传》的“作者前言”表现了拉伯雷的创作主张，他的美学宣言代表了（）。
A.市民阶层B.贵族阶层C.僧侣阶层D.农民阶层上一题下一题(7/30)单项选择题第7题在《哈姆雷特》中，误杀波洛涅斯的人是（）。
A.雷欧提斯B.哈姆雷特C.克劳迪斯D.罗森格兰兹上一题下一题(8/30)单项选择题第8题在《悭吝人》中，承担克雷央特与马里亚娜婚事费用的人是（）。
A.昂赛末B.阿巴公C.瓦赖尔D.雅克大师傅上一题下一题(9/30)单项选择题第9题在《浮士德》中，浮士德晚年双目失明，他在海边听到的铁锨声是（）。
A.百姓在开掘矿山B.人民在围海造田C.小鬼在挖掘坟墓D.靡菲斯托在挖壕沟上一题下一题(10/30)单项选择题第10题在《致杜鹃》中，紧接着欢畅的新客呵!我己经听到你叫了，听了真快乐的下句是（）。
A.至今，我仍然觉得你不是鸟，而是无形的精灵B.杜鹃呵！该把你叫做飞鸟，或只是飘忽的音波？C.与童年听到的一模一样那时，你们的啼鸣使我向林莽，树梢，天上，千百遍张望不停D.这歌声却仿佛向我讲述如梦年华的故事上一题下一题(11/30)单项选择题第11题在《罪与罚》中，陪同拉斯柯尔尼科夫前往西伯利亚服苦役的人是（）。
2024年4月自考《外国文学作品选》真题
2024年4月自考《外国文学作品选》真题（课程代码00534）第一部分选择题一、单项选择题：本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分。
在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。
1．古希腊流传至今最早的文学作品是（）。
A．“荷马史诗”B．《普罗米修斯》C．《失去的友人》D．《俄狄浦斯王》2．“求你再度降临，亲爱的女神，/求你解救我于万般痛苦之中”里的“女神”是（）。
A．雅典娜B．蓓脱C．阿芙洛狄忒D．缪斯3．在《十日谈》的《第四天故事一》中，思想先进、目光敏锐、性格刚烈的新时代优秀女性形象是（）。
A．安德罗马克B．奥非利娅C．纪斯卡多D．绮思梦达4．《巨人传》第一部中，当众在巴黎圣母院的钟楼上撒尿，玩弄大钟的人物是（）。
A．巴努日B．庞大固埃C．高康大D．法伊奥勒5．《堂吉诃德》通过对骑士小说典型情节的滑稽模仿，显示了骑士小说的（）。
A．荒唐之处B．高超之处C．结构之美D．人物之美6．《悭吝人》中的阿巴公的鲜明性格特征是（）。
A．贪婪、吝啬B．伪善、做作C．犹豫、迟疑D．矛盾、复杂A．启蒙主义作家B．浪漫主义作家C．现实主义作家D．表现主义作家8．“篱下的蟋蟀在歌唱，在园中/红胸的知更鸟就群起呼哨；/而群羊在山圈里高声咩叫；/丛飞的燕子在天空呢喃不歇。
”这几句诗侧重的是（）。
A．触觉描写B．听觉描写C．视觉描写D．嗅觉描写9．《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》的体裁是（）。
A．历史小说B．诗体小说C．抒情诗D．诗剧10．在《红与黑》中，向德·拉莫尔侯爵推荐于连的人物是（）。
A．德·雷纳尔B．皮拉尔神父C．德·雷纳尔夫人D．谢朗神父11．恩格斯称赞《人间喜剧》包含着（）。
A．“父爱基督”B．“了不起的辩证法”C．“含泪的笑”D．“宗教博爱”12．《奥利弗·退斯特》中，理事先生们让奥利弗学习的“有用的手艺”是（）。
A．纺织B．扯麻絮C．砌砖头D．清理烟囱13．果戈理塑造了地主群像的小说是（）。
2018年4月自考真题：《外国文学作品选》简答题答案及解析
2018年4月自考真题：《外国文学作品选》简答题答案及解析三、简答题：大题共4小题，每小题7分，共28分。
36.简折《安提戈涅》的悲剧艺术。
【答案】(1) 两个主要人物安提戈涅和克瑞翁都代表了各自的庄义，各有其合理性。
是亚里士多德悲剧理论中典型的悲剧人物，即有缺点的现实人。
(2) 戏剧结构严谨、完整。
《安提戈涅》的情节从开始、发展、高潮到结束，严谨有序的展开。
(3) 《安提戈涅》对于人物的对比手法的运用。
两兄弟厄忒俄克勒斯和吕波涅克斯之间，安提戈涅和克瑞翁之间，都形成了鲜明的性格对比，又在对比中使各自的性格更加明晰和突出。
(4) 总之《安提戈涅》借助一种宏大的舞台效应，把悲剧人物的痛苦彻底决裂撕碎、让恐惧将观众的内心荡涤，从而让人的思维更加理柳、成熟、崇高。
【考点】索福克勒斯《安提戈涅》37.简析《玩偶之家》中那拉的性格特征。
【答案】(1) 有资产阶级民主思想倾向的妇女形象。
(2) 出身小资产阶级家庭，热爱劳动，为人善良，较为容易满足。
(3) 刚强勇敢，勇于追求人格独立—针对丈夫海尔茂人格侮辱并要取消她抚养子女权利的时刻，看清了自己在家庭中玩偶地位。
(4) 勇于出走【考点】易卜生《玩偶之家》38.简析《草叶集》的主要思想内容。
【答案】(1) 歌颂普通人生命力和劳动创造者的创造能力。
(2) 反对清教桎梏，歌颂“自我”。
(3) 歌颂了以林肯总统为代表的为自由和民主而战的英雄们，认为他们创造了美国的未来。
【考点】惠特曼《哦，白昼呦，从无底深渊中浮起》39.简析《头儿》的艺术特色。
【答案】“悲剧性的原则”(1) 剧本中的人物总是处于一种不正常的生活逻辑之中，人物的形象是破碎的，故事是碎片化的。
(2) 追求一种让人思考并常常让观众陷入迷惘而不能自拔的艺术风格，即人们在观戏过程中嘲笑人物乖张的行为和错乱的语言，但笑后人们又有一种很难受的感觉。
(3) 创造一种荒诞的话语言说方式，一种新的形势功能，在摧毁意义的同时又于无意义中显示意义，从而揭示荒诞感和荒诞意识。
外国文学作品试题及答案
外国文学作品试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪部作品不是莎士比亚的四大悲剧之一？A. 《哈姆雷特》B. 《奥赛罗》C. 《李尔王》D. 《悲惨世界》答案：D2. 《堂吉诃德》的作者是谁？A. 但丁B. 塞万提斯C. 雨果D. 歌德答案：B3. 《安娜·卡列尼娜》的作者是哪位俄国作家？A. 普希金B. 果戈里C. 托尔斯泰D. 陀思妥耶夫斯基答案：C4. 《百年孤独》是哪位作家的代表作？A. 加西亚·马尔克斯B. 博尔赫斯C. 聂鲁达D. 略萨答案：A5. 《追忆似水年华》的作者是谁？A. 普鲁斯特B. 萨特C. 卡夫卡D. 乔伊斯答案：A6. 《老人与海》的作者是？A. 海明威B. 福克纳C. 菲茨杰拉德D. 斯坦贝克答案：A7. 《悲惨世界》中，让·瓦尔让最终因为什么而死？A. 疾病B. 饥饿C. 心碎D. 被警察逮捕答案：C8. 《简·爱》的作者是？A. 夏洛蒂·勃朗特B. 艾米莉·勃朗特C. 乔治·艾略特D. 简·奥斯汀答案：A9. 《呼啸山庄》的作者是？A. 艾米莉·勃朗特B. 夏洛蒂·勃朗特C. 安妮·勃朗特D. 乔治·艾略特答案：A10. 《罪与罚》的作者是？A. 托尔斯泰B. 陀思妥耶夫斯基C. 果戈里D. 契诃夫答案：B二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）11. 下列哪些作品属于现实主义文学？A. 《战争与和平》B. 《巴黎圣母院》C. 《百年孤独》D. 《安娜·卡列尼娜》答案：A、D12. 以下哪些作家是现代主义文学的代表？A. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫B. 詹姆斯·乔伊斯C. 威廉·福克纳D. 马克·吐温答案：A、B、C13. 以下哪些作品是魔幻现实主义的代表作？A. 《百年孤独》B. 《佩德罗·帕拉莫》C. 《霍乱时期的爱情》D. 《追忆似水年华》答案：A、B、C14. 以下哪些作品是19世纪现实主义文学的代表作？A. 《红与黑》B. 《包法利夫人》C. 《罪与罚》D. 《悲惨世界》答案：A、B、C、D15. 以下哪些作品是浪漫主义文学的代表作？A. 《巴黎圣母院》B. 《呼啸山庄》C. 《简·爱》D. 《安娜·卡列尼娜》答案：A、B三、填空题（每题2分，共20分）16. 《神曲》的作者是________。
4月全国自考英美文学选读试题及答案解析
全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试题课程代码：00604全部题目用英文作答，并将答案写在答题纸相应位置上，否则不计分PART ONE (40 POINTS)I. Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your choice on the answer sheet.1.The most significant idea of the Renaissance is（）.A. humanismB. realismC. naturalismD. skepticism2.Shakespeare’s tragedies include all the follow ing except（）.A. Hamlet and King LearB. Antony and Cleopatra and MacbethC. Julius Caesar and OthelloD. The Merchant of Venice and A Midsummer Night’s Dream3.The statement “Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability”opens one of well-known essays by（）.A. Francis BaconB. Samuel JohnsonC. Alexander PopeD. Jonathan Swift4.In Hardy’s Wessex novels, there is an apparent（）touch in his description of the simple though primitive rural life.A. nostalgicB. humorousC. romanticD. ironic5.Backbite, Sneerwell, and Lady Teazle are characters in the play The School for Scandal by （）.A. Christopher MarloweB. Ben JonsonC. Richard Brinsley SheridanD. George Bernard Shaw6.Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a“（）in prose,”the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A. tragic epicB. comic epicC. romanceD. lyric epic7.In his poem “Tyger, Tyger,”William Blake expresses his perception of the“fearful symmetry”of the big cat. The phrase“fearful symmetry”suggests（）.A. the tiger’s two eyes which are dazzlingly bright and symmetrically setB. the poet’s fear of the predator1C. the analogy of the hammer and the anvilD. the harmony of the two opposite aspects of God’s creation8.“What is his name?”“Bingley.”“Is he married or single?”“Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year.What a fine thing for our girls!”The above dialogue must be taken from（）.A. Jane Austen’s Pride and PrejudiceB. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering HeightsC. John Galsworthy’s The Forsyte SagaD. George Eliot’s Middlemarch9.The short story“Araby”is one of the stories in James Joyce’s collection（）.A. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManB. UlyssesC. Finnegans WakeD. Dubliners10.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following except（）.A. the using of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC. the humble and rustic life as subject matterD. elegant wording and inflated figures of speech11.Here are two lines taken from The Merchant of V enice:“Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew/Thou mak’st thy knife keen.”What kind of figurative device is used in the above lines?（）A. Simile. B. Metonymy.C. Pun.D. Synecdoche.12.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”is an epigrammatic line by（）.A. J. KeatsB. W. BlakeC. W. WordsworthD. P. B. Shelley13.The poems such as“The Chimney Sweeper”are found in both Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience by（）.A. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. John KeatsD. Lord Gordon Byron14.John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress is often regarded as a typical example of（）.A. allegoryB. romanceC. epic in proseD. fable15.Alexander Pope strongly advocated neoclassicism, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by（）rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.A. classicalB. romanticC. sentimentalD. allegorical16.In his essay“Of Studies,”Bacon said:“Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed,2and some few to be chewed and（）.”A. skimmedB. perfectedC. imitatedD. digested17.“For I have known them all already, known them all—/Have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons,/I have measured out my life with coffee spoons.”The above lines are taken from （）.A. Wordsworth’s “The Solitary Reaper”B. Eliot’s“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”C. Coleridge’s“Kubla Khan”D. Yeats’s“The Lake Isle of Innisfree”18.(The)（）was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century.A. RomanticismB. HumanismC. EnlightenmentD. Sentimentalism19.A typical Forsyte, according to John Galsworthy, is a man with a strong sense of（）, who never pays any attention to human feelings.A. moralityB. justiceC. propertyD. humor20.The typical feature of Robert Browning’s poetry is the （）.A. bitter satireB. larger-than-life caricatureC. Latinized dictionD. dramatic monologue21.George Bernard Shaw’s play, Mrs. Warren’s Profession is a grotesquely realistic exposure of the（）.A. slum landlordismB. political corruption in EnglandC. economic oppression of womenD. religious corruption in England22.The story starting with the marriage of Paul’s parents Walter Morel and Mrs. Morel must be （）.A. Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’UrbervillesB. D. H. Lawrence’s Sons and LoversC. George Eliot’s MiddlemarchD. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre23.In American literature the first important writer who earned an international fame on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean is（）.A. Washington IrvingB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Walt Whitman24.The American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne is known for his“black vision.”The term“black vision”refers to（）.A. Hawthorne’s observation that every man faces a black wallB. Hawthorne’s belief that all men are by nature evilC. that Hawthorne employed a dream vision to tell his story3D. that Puritans of Hawthorne’s time usually wore black clothes25.Theodore Dreiser was once criticized for his（）in style, but as a true artist his strength just lies in that his style is very serious and well calculated to achieve the thematic ends he sought.A. crudenessB. eleganceC. concisenessD. subtlety26.“He is the last of the romantic heroes, whose energy and sense of commitment take him in search of his personal Grail; his failure magnifies to a great extent the end of the American Dream.”The character referred to in the passage is most likely the protagonist of（）.A. Fitzgerald’s The Great GatsbyB. Dreiser’s An American TragedyC. Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell TollsD. Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn27.Almost all Faulkner’s heroes turned out to be tragic because（）.A. all enjoyed living in the declining American SouthB. none of them was conditioned by the civilization and social institutionsC. most of them were prisoners of the pastD. none were successful in their attempt to explain the inexplicable28.Yank, the protagonist of Eugene O’Neill’s play The Hairy Ape, talked to the gorilla and set it free because（）.A. he was mad, mistaking a beast for a humanB. he was told by the white young lady that he was like a beast and he wanted to see how closely he resembled the gorillaC. he was caged with the gorilla after he insulted an aristocratic strollerD. he could feel the kinship only with the beast29.In（）, Robert Frost compares life to a journey, and he is doubtful whether he will regret his choice or not when he is old, because the choice has made all the difference.A. “After Apple-Picking”B. “The Road Not Taken”C. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”D. “Fire and Ice”30.Though Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson were romantic poets in theme and technique, they differ from each other in a variety of ways. For one thing, whereas Whitman likes to keep his eye on human society at large, Dickinson often addresses such issues as（）, immortality, religion, love and nature.A. progressB. freedomC. beautyD. death31.The Romantic Writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the（）in the American literary history.A. individual feelingB. survival of the fittestC. strong imaginationD. return to nature32.Generally speaking, all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be4（）.A. transcendentalistsB. optimistsC. pessimistsD. idealists33.With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literary scene,（）became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century.A. SentimentalismB. RomanticismC. RealismD. Naturalism34.American writers after World War I self-consciously acknowledged that they were(a)“（）,”devoid of faith and alienated from the Western civilization.A. Lost GenerationB. Beat GenerationC. Sons of LibertyD. Angry Young Men35.In（）, Washington Irving agrees with the protagonist on his preference of the past to the present, and of a dream-like world to the real world.A. “Young Goodman Brown”B.“Rip Van Winkle”C. “Rappaccini’s Daughter”D.“Bartleby, the Scrivener”36.Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely characters in（）.A. The House of the Seven GablesB. The Scarlet LetterC. The Portrait of a LadyD. The Pioneers37.Like Nathaniel Hawthorne,（）also manages to achieve the effect of ambiguity through symbolism and allegory in his narratives.A. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC. R. W. EmersonD. Herman Melville38.In his realistic fiction, Henry James’s primary concern is to present the（）.A. inner life of human beingsB. American Civil War and its effectsC. life on the Mississippi RiverD. Calvinistic view of original sin39.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Mark Twain’s writing style?（）A. Simple vernacular.B. Local color.C. Lengthy psychological analyses.D. Richness of irony and humor.40.Which of the following statements about E. Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner’s story“A Rose for Emily,”is NOT true?（）A. She has a distorted personality.B. She is physically deformed and paralyzed.C. She is the symbol of the old values of the South.D. She is the victim of the past glory.PART TWO (60 POINTS)Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41.“Words are like leaves; and where they most abound,Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found”Questions:5A.Identify the poem and the poet.B.What idea do the two lines express?42.“To be so distinguished, is an honor, which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge.”Questions:A.Identify the work and the author.B.What is the tone of author?43.“‘Faith! Faith!’cried the husband. ‘Look up to Heaven, and resist the Wicked One.’”Questions:A.Identify the work and the author.B.What idea does the quoted sentence express?44.“We passed the School, where Children stroveAt Recess—in the Ring—We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain—We passed the Setting Sun—”Questions:A.Identify the poem and the poet.B.What do“the School,”“the Fields”and“the Setting Sun”stand for respectively?Ⅲ. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45.As a rule, and allegory is a story in verse or prose with a double meaning: a surface meaning, and an implied meaning. List two works as examples of allegory. What is the implied meaning an allegory is usually concerned with?46.“Let it not be supposed by the enemies of‘the system,’that during the period of his solitary incarceration, Oliver was denied the benefit of exercise, the pleasure of society, or the advantages of religious consolation.”What do you think Charles Dickens intends to say in the above ironic statement taken from Oliver Twist?47.Whitman has made radical changes in the form of poetry by choosing free verse as his medium of expression. What are the characteristics of Whitman’s free verse?48.Some of Hemingway’s heroes are regarded as the Hemingway code heroes. Whatever the differences in experience and age, they all have something in common which Hemingway values. What are the characteristics of the Hemingway code hero?Ⅳ. Topics for Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the6corresponding space on the answer sheet.49.Elizabeth Bennet, the heroine in Pride and Prejudice, is often regarded as the most successful character created by Jane Austen. Make a brief comment on Elizabeth’s character.50.Take Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn as an example to illustrate the statement that Mark Twain was a unique writer in American literature.7。
(全新整理)4月浙江自考美国文学选读试卷及答案解析
浙江省2018年4月高等教育自学考试美国文学选读试题课程代码：10055Part Ⅰ: Choose the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A. (10 points in all, 1 point for each)Group 1Column A Column B（）1. Nathaniel Hawthorne a. Sound and Fury（）2. Henry David Thoreau b. The House of Seven Gables（）3. Walt Whitman c. Daisy Miller（）4. Henry James d. Walden（）5. William Faulkner e. Leaves of GrassGroup 2Column A Column B（）1. Mildred Douglas a. Moby Dick（）2. Ishmael b. The Hairy Ape（）3. Hurstwood c. Indian Camp（）4. Nick d. Sister Carrie（）5. Adams e. The Great GatsbyPart Ⅱ: Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternatives. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (50 points in all, 2 points foreach)1. Romantics put emphasis on the following EXCEPT ______.（）A. common senseB. imaginationC. intuitionD. individualism2. ______ was the first great belletrist, writing always for pleasure, to produce pleasure.（）A. IrvingB. CooperC. EmersonD. Whitman3. In 1836, a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America. It was entitled______ by Emerson.（）1A. American ScholarB. NatureC. The PoetD. Self-Reliance4.Which of the following statements concerning the basic tenets of American Transcendentalism is Not correct?（）A. Individualism is elevated by the Transcendentalists.B. Intuition is less important than experience.C. Nature is only another side of God.D. Transcendentalists have a new and delight thrill in nature.5.Melville’s novel ______ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.（）A. TypeeB. OmooC. White JacketD. Moby Dick6. Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel ______.（）A. Moses from an Old ManseB. Twice-Told TalesC. The Scarlet LetterD. The Blithedale Romance7. As a philosophical and literary movement, ______ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War.（）A. ModernismB. RationalismC. SentimentalismD. Transcendentalism8. Irving was best known for his famous short stories such as ______.（）A. Rip Van WinkleB. Legend of the AlhambraC. Life of GoldsmithD. Life of Washington9. Realism was a reaction against______ or a move away from the bias towards romance and self-creating fictions, and paved the way to Modernism. （）A. RationalismB. RomanticismC. NeoclassicismD. Enlightenment10.______ had an evident influence on naturalism. It seemed to stress the animality of man, to suggest that he was dominated by the irresistible forces of evolution.（）A. TranscendentalismB. DarwinismC. MarxismD. Freudianism211. Samuel Langhorne Clemens is better known by the pen name ______.（）A. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC. WilliamD. Howells D. Theodore Dreiser12. ______ is considered the founder of Psychological realism.（）A. Henry JamesB. Jack LondonC. Mark TwainD. Nathaniel Hawthorne13. “The Way of the Beaten: A Harp in the Wind”is the title of one chapter in Dreiser’s novel ______.（）A. An American TragedyB. Sister CarrieC. Dreiser Looks at RussiaD. Jannie Gerhardt14. Which of the following works concerns most concentratedly the Calvinistic view of original sin?（）A. The Waste LandB. The Scarlet LetterC. Leaves of GrassD. As I Lay Dying15. We can summarize that Walt Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT that they are ______.（）A. conventional and casualB. lyrical and well structuredC. simple and rather crudeD. free-flowing16. “This is my letter to the World”is a poetic expression of Emily Dickinson’s ______ about her communication with the outside world.（）A. indifferenceB. angerC. anxietyD. sorrow17. The publication of The Waste Land, written by ______ helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.（）A. T. S. EliotB. Robert FrostC. Ezra PoundD. William Faulkner18. Fitzgerald summarized the experiences and attitudes of the 1920s decade in his masterpiece novel ______.（）A. This Side of ParadiseB. Tender is the NightC. The Great GatsbyD. Tales of the Jazz Age319. Early in the 1920s, the most prominent of the new American playwrights, whose name is ______, established an international reputation. （）A. T. S. EliotB. William B.YeatsC. Eugene O’NeillD. Bernard Shaw20. Which of the following novels can be regarded as typically belonging to the school of literary modernism?（）A. The Sound and the FurryB. Uncle Tom’s CabinC. Daisy MillerD. The Gilded Age21. Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called “______”movement.（）A. naturalistic B. imagistC. modernisticD. impressionist22. Hemingway was badly wounded in Italy and sent to a hospital where he fell in love with a nurse. These two persons later became the characters of his novel ______.（）A. The Old Man and the SeaB. For Whom the Bell TollsC. The Sun Also RisesD. A Farewell to Arms23. ______ wrote about the society in the South by inventing families which represented different social forces: the old decaying upper class, the rising, ambitious, unscrupulous class of the “Poor Whites”, and the Negroes who labored for both of them.（）A. FaulknerB. FitzgeraldC. HemingwayD. Steinbeck24. “For I have too much /Of apple-picking: I am overtired/ Of the great harvest I myself desired”. From these lines we can conclude that the speaker ______.（）A. is happy about the harvestB. is tired of the work of apple-pickingC. is not tired when seeing the harvestD. becomes indifferent to the job25. Which of the following statements about Hemingway’s works is Not true?（）A. Man can be physically destroyed and spiritually defeated.B. Hemingway’s style is actually polished and tightly controlled, but highly suggestive and connotative.C. Hemingway develops the style of colloquialism initiated by Mark Twain.4D. “Grace under pressure”is actually an attitude towards life that Hemingway had been trying to demonstrate in his works.Part Ⅲ: Interpretation (20 points in all, 5 points for each)Read the following selections and then answer the questions.Passage 1There was, as usual, a crowd of folk about the door, but none that Rip recollected. The very character of the people seemed changed. There was a busy, bustling, disputatious tone about it, instead of the accustomed phlegm and drowsy tranquility. He looked in vain for the sage Nicholas Vedder, ...Questions:1. Who is the author and where is this passage taken from?2. Whom does “He”refer to? How many years have passed since he left?Passage 2Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel bothAnd be one traveler, long I stoodAnd looked down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the undergrowth;Questions:1. Who is the poet and which poem is this stanza taken from?2. What does the quoted stanza express?Passage 3So I was full of trouble, full as I could be; and didn’t know what to do. At last I had an idea; and I says, I’ll go and write the letter -- and then see if I can pray. Why, it was astonishing, the way I felt as light as a feather , right straight off, and my troubles all gone. So I got a piece of paper and a pencil, all glad and excited, and set down and wrote:Miss Watson, your runaway nigger Jim is down here two mile below Pikesville, and Mr. Phelps has got him and he will give him up for the reward if you send.Huck Finn.I felt good and all washed clean of sin for the first time I had ever felt so in my life, and I5knowed I could pray now. But I didn’t do it straight off, but laid the paper down and set there thinking -- thinking how good it was all this happened so, and how near I come to being lost and going to hell. And went on thinking. And got to thinking over our trip down the river; and I see Jim before me , all the time: in the day and in the night-time, sometimes moonlight, sometimes storms, and we a floating along, talking and singing and laughing. But somehow I couldn’t seem to strike no places to harden me against him, but only the other kind. I’d see him standing my watch on top of his instead of calling me, so I could go on sleeping; and see him how glad he was when I come back out of the fog; and when I come to him again in the swamp, up there where the feud was; and such-likes times; and would always call me honey, and pet me and do everything he could think of for me, and how good he always was; and at last I struck the time I saved him by telling the men we had small-pox aboard, and he was so grateful, and said I was the best friend old Jim ever had in the world, and the ONL Y one he’s got now; and then I happened to look around and see that paper.It was a close place. I took it up, and held it in my hand. I was a trembling because I’d got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself:“All right, then, I’ll go to hell”——and tore it up.Questions:1. Which novel is this passage taken from? Who is the author?2. What is the quoted passage about?Passage 4When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old-servant—a combined gardener and cook—had seen in at least ten years.Questions:1. Identify the author and the title of the novel from which this passage is taken.2. Why Emily is regarded as “a fallen monument”?Part Ⅳ: Give brief answers to the following questions. (20 points in all, 10 points for each) 1. What is the most famous theme in Henry James’ fiction? And what is his favorite approach in6characterization, which makes him different from Mark Twain and W. D. Howells as realists? Give two titles of his works in which this theme and this approach are employed.2. Why are naturalists inevitably pessimistic in their view?Please discuss the above question in relation to the basic principles of literary naturalism.7。
2018年4月自考真题：《外国文学史》名词解释部分及详解
2018年4月自考真题：《外国文学史》名词解释部分及答案33、【题干】七星诗社【答案】“七星诗社”指16世纪出现在法国的一个诗人团体，它由七位诗人组成，以研究古希腊罗马文学并从中受到教益为出发点，以革新法国诗歌形式，促进法兰西民族语言的统一为旨归。
“七星诗社”成员强调向古希腊学习，轻视民众语高和民间创作形式,表现出脱离普通大众的贵族倾向。
“七星诗社”的代表诗人是龙沙，他是法国近代第一位抒情诗人。
他是法国最早的采用法国民族语言而非拉丁文创作诗歌的民族诗人。
【考点】概述——人文主义文学在欧洲的发展34、【题干】存在主义【答案】存在主义是20世纪30年代末期产生于法国，后流行欧美的文学流派，它以存在主义哲学为基础，以文学形式宣传存在主义哲学思想，宣扬世界荒谬、人生痛苦。
存在主义的题材总表现出对人生存在状态的深切关注。
存在主义文学的基本主题是揭露世界和人存在的荒谬性，肯定人的存在先于人的本质，变现人在荒诞、绝望的境况中的精神自由和自由选择我。
代表作家是萨特、加缪和波伏娃。
【考点】20世纪文学(二)——多种文学流派的发展与主要特征35、【题干】悬诗【答案】“悬诗”代表了蒙昧时期诗歌创作的最高成就。
据说每年都要在夷加附近的欧卡兹集市上举行赛诗会，中选的诗以金粉汁书写在亚麻布上，高悬于“克尔白”天房，因而得名。
最著名的悬诗诗人是乌鲁勒·盖斯。
其悬诗主要内容，或描写凭吊某些遗址及与其相关的回忆和哀伤之情，或描写爱情冒险,或描写在游历时的所遇所感,或描写大自然的风光。
他感慨爱情转瞬即逝,触景生情而写的“让我们停下来哭泣”，是人类直面死亡对爱的最伟大呐喊。
盖斯的悬诗朴素自然,语言表达细腻，长期以来.一直是阿拉伯诗歌的典范。
【考点】概述——中古文学概况36、【题干】拜伦【答案】拜伦是19世纪英国和欧洲浪漫主义文学代表作家，大学时期接触到法国启蒙思想，开始写诗。
“拜伦式英雄”是拜伦作品中的典型形象，他们的共同特征是高傲、孤独、倔强，个性独特，蔑视文明，反抗现存社会制度，敢于和罪恶社会进行毫不妥协的斗争。
4月浙江自考美国文学选读试题及答案解析
4月浙江自考美国文学选读试题及答案解析浙江省2018年4月自学考试美国文学选读试题课程代码：10055Part I: Choose the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A. (10 points in all, 1 point for each)Group 1Column A Column B( ) 1. Nathaniel Hawthorne a. Nature( ) 2. Washington Irving b. Rip Van Winkle( ) 3. Ralph Waldo Emerson c. The House of Seven Gales( ) 4. Mark Twain d. The Great Gatsby( ) 5. Scott Fitzgerald e. The Gilded AgeGroup 2Column A Column B( ) 1. Charles Drouet a. The Great Gatsby( ) 2. Ishmael b. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn( ) 3. Jim c. Sister Carrie( ) 4. George Wilson d. A Rose for Emily( ) 5. Emily Grierson e. Moby DickPart Ⅱ: Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternatives. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (50 points in all, 2 points for each)1. The period of ______ started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. ( )A. American RomanticismB. American RealismC. American TranscendentalismD. American Classicism2. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. Such a desire is particularly evident in ______ Leather-Stocking Tales.( )A. Washington Irving’sB. Waldo Emerson’s1C. James Fennimore Cooper’sD. Walt Whitman’s3. New England Transcendentalism was started by a group of people who were members of an informal club, i.e. the Transcendental Club in New England in the ______.( )A. 1850sB. 1840sC. 1830sD. 1860s4. The American ______ as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values.( )A. PuritanismB. UnitarianismC. DeismD. Protestantism5. In his famous poem Song of Myself, Walt Whitman sets forth two principal beliefs: the belief in the singularity and equality of all beings in value, and the theory of ______, which is illustrated by lengthy catalogues of people and things. ( )A. nationalityB. universalityC. natureD. community6. Which of the following is NOT what Emerson put forward in his essays? ( )A. the Over-SoulB. the formal religion of the churches and the Deistic philosophyC. NatureD. the importance of individual7. Moby-Dick is a mixture of fantasy and ______ based upon the South Pacific whaling industry.( )A. romanticismB. naturalismC. realismD. surrealism8. Which of the following statements about Hawthorne is NOT right? ( )A. The ambiguity is one of the salient characteristics of his art.B. He is a master of realism.C. He is a great allegorist.D. He is a master of symbolism.9. Which of the following is NOT regarded as the characteristics of Whitman’s poetic style?( )2A. The use of “free verse”B. His strong tendency to use of formal languageC. The use of parallelism and phonetic recurrence at the beginning of the linesD. The use of the poetic “I”10. ______ and Emersonian Transcendentalism produced some positive effect on Melville’s writing.( )A. Washington Irving’s conservativeB. Hawthor ne’s moral courageC. Thoreau’s RomanticismD. Shakespearian tragic vision11. The period ranging from 1865 to 1914 has been referred to as ______ in the literary history of the United States.( )A. the Age of RomanticismB. the Age of EnlightenmentC. New England TranscendentalismD. the Age of Realism12. The three dominant figures of the period of Realism in American literature are ______.( )A. Mark Twain, Henry James, and Jack LondonB. Mark Twain, Henry James, and Theodore DreiserC. William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, and Jack LondonD. William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, and Henry James13. ______ once described the novel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the one book from which “all modern American literature comes.”( )A. Ernest HemingwayB. Henry JamesC. Mark TwainD. Theodore Dreiser14. ______ was the first American writer to conceive his career in international themes.( )A. Washington IrvingB. Henry JamesC. Ralph Waldo EmersonD. Mark Twain15. Within her little lyrics Dickinson addresses those issuesthat concern the whole human beings EXCEPT______.( )A. religion and deathB. immortality3C. man and womanD. love and nature16. ______ proves to be his greatest work and by entitling this book with such a name, Dreiser intended to tell us that it is the social pressure that makes Clyde’s downfall inevitable.( ) A. The Titan B. Sister CarrieC. The FinancierD. An American Tragedy17. Ezra Pound is a leading spokesman of the famous ______ Movement in the history of American literature.( )A. SymbolistB. ImpressionistC. ExistentialistD. Imagist18. Allen Ginsburg’s Howl became the manifesto of ______.( )A. PostmodernismB. ImagismC. the Beat GenerationD. the Lost Generation19. ______ is a school of modern painting, whose emphasis is on the formal structure of a work of art and especially on the multiple-perspective viewpoints. ( )A. ExpressionismB. ImagismC. CubismD. Impressionism20. ______ is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age. ( )A. F. Scott FitzgeraldB. Ezra PoundC. Robert Lee FrostD. Ernest Hemingway21. ______, Hemingway’s first novel, casts light on a whole generation after the First World War and the effects of the war by way of a vivid portrait of “The Lost Generation.”( )A. The Old Man and the SeaB. The Sun Also RisesC. In Our TimeD. A Farewell to Arms22. Which of the following is depicted as the mythical county in William Faulkner’s novels?( )A. Cambridge.B. Oxford.C. Yoknapatawpha.D. Mississippi.23. Robert Frost rejected ______ choosing ______ instead.( )A. the conventional poetic principles... the revolutionary wayB. the romantic way... the revolutionary principles4C. the revolutionary principles... the romantic wayD. the revolutionary poetic principles of his contemporaries... the old-fashioned way to be new24. Which of the following is right about American fiction from 1945 onwards?( )A. Black fiction began to attract critical attention during the 1950s.B. There appeared a significant group of Jewish-American writers whose works were set against the Jewish experience and tradition.C. A group of new writers who survived the war wrote about their ideals within the artistic field.D. American fiction in the 1950s and 1960s proves to be a harvest which derived from its predecessors.25. Which of the following can NOT be included in the thematic concerns of Robert Frost’s Poems?( )A. The contradiction and misunderstanding between man and woman.B. The loneliness and poverty of the isolated human being.C. His love of life and his belief in a serenity coming from working.D. The terror and tragedy in nature as well as its beauty.Part Ⅲ: Interpretation (20 points in all, 5 points for each)Read the following selections and then answer the questions briefly.Passage 1Because I could not stop for Death——He kindly stopped for me——The Carriage held but just Ourselves——And Immortality.....Questions:1. Who is the Author of this poem?2. What do “He”and “Carriage”refer to?Passage 2There was, as usual, a crowd of folk about the door, but none that Rip recollected. The very character of the people seemedchanged. There was a busy, bustling, disputatious tone about it, instead of the accustomed phlegm and drowsy tranquility. He looked in vain for the sage Nicholas5Vedder, with his broad face, double chin, and fair long pipe, uttering clouds of tobacco smoke instead of idle speeches; or Van Bummel, the schoolmaster, doling forth the contents of an ancient newspaper. In place of these, a lean bilious looking fellow, with his pockets full of handbills, was haranguing vehemently about rights of citizens-election-members of congress-liberty-Bunker’s hill-heroes of seventy-six-and other words, that were a perfect Babylonish jargon to the bewildered Van Winkle.Questions:1. Who is the author and where is this passage taken from?2. What do you know about the protagonist?Passage 3Once I said to myself it would be a thousand times better for Jim to be a slave at home where his family was, as long as he’d got to be a slave, and so I’d better write a letter to T om Sawyer and tell him to tell Miss Waston where he was. But I soon give up that notion, for two things: she’d be mad and disgusted at his rascality and ungratefulness for leaving her, an d so she’d sell him straight down the river again; and if she didn’t, everybody naturally despises an ungrateful nigger, and they’d make Jim feel it all the time, and so he’d feel ornery and disgraced. And then think of me! It would get all round, that Huck Finn helped a nigger to get his freedom; and if I was to ever see anybody from that town again, I’d be ready to get down and lick his boots for shame. Questions:1. Please identify the author and the novel.2. Please give a brief comment on this part.Passage 4...Then took the other, as just as fair,And having perhaps the better claim,Because it was grassy and wanted wear;Though as for that the passing thereHad worn them really about the same.....Questions:61. Who wrote this poem? What’s the tit le of it?2. What can we know from the verse?Part Ⅳ: Give brief answers to the following questions. (20 points in all,10 points for each)1. What is “Leaves of Grass”mainly concerned about?2. What is the most famous theme in Henry James’ fiction? And what is his favorite approach in characterization, which makes him different from Mark Twain as a realist?7。
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2018年4月自考真题：《外国文学作品选》简答题答案及解析
三、简答题：大题共4小题，每小题7分，共28分。
36.简折《安提戈涅》的悲剧艺术。
【答案】
(1) 两个主要人物安提戈涅和克瑞翁都代表了各自的庄义，各有其合理性。
是亚里士多德悲剧理论中典型的悲剧人物，即有缺点的现实人。
(2) 戏剧结构严谨、完整。
《安提戈涅》的情节从开始、发展、高潮到结束，严谨有序的展开。
(3) 《安提戈涅》对于人物的对比手法的运用。
两兄弟厄忒俄克勒斯和吕波涅克斯之间，安提戈涅和克瑞翁之间，都形成了鲜明的性格对比，又在对比中使各自的性格更加明晰和突出。
(4) 总之《安提戈涅》借助一种宏大的舞台效应，把悲剧人物的痛苦彻底决裂撕碎、让恐惧将观众的内心荡涤，从而让人的思维更加理柳、成熟、崇高。
【考点】索福克勒斯《安提戈涅》
37.简析《玩偶之家》中那拉的性格特征。
【答案】
(1) 有资产阶级民主思想倾向的妇女形象。
(2) 出身小资产阶级家庭，热爱劳动，为人善良，较为容易满足。
(3) 刚强勇敢，勇于追求人格独立—针对丈夫海尔茂人格侮辱并要取消她抚养子女权利的时刻，看清了自己在家庭中玩偶地位。
(4) 勇于出走
【考点】易卜生《玩偶之家》
38.简析《草叶集》的主要思想内容。
【答案】
(1) 歌颂普通人生命力和劳动创造者的创造能力。
(2) 反对清教桎梏，歌颂“自我”。
(3) 歌颂了以林肯总统为代表的为自由和民主而战的英雄们，认为他们创造了美国的未来。
【考点】
惠特曼《哦，白昼呦，从无底深渊中浮起》
39.简析《头儿》的艺术特色。
【答案】
“悲剧性的原则”
(1) 剧本中的人物总是处于一种不正常的生活逻辑之中，人物的形象是破碎的，故事是碎片化的。
(2) 追求一种让人思考并常常让观众陷入迷惘而不能自拔的艺术风格，即人们在观戏过程中嘲笑人物乖张的行为和错乱的语言，但笑后人们又有一种很难受的感觉。
(3) 创造一种荒诞的话语言说方式，一种新的形势功能，在摧毁意义的同时又于无意义中显示意义，从而揭示荒诞感和荒诞意识。
【考点】尤内斯库《头儿》。