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高分子材料工程专业英语课文翻译 (2)

高分子材料工程专业英语课文翻译Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering are closely related andoften used interchangeably. Polymer Science is concerned with the chemistry and physics of polymers, while Polymer Engineering teaches students how to design and manufacture polymer products. No matter which field you choose, there is constant innovation and new developments in the field of Polymer Science and Engineering.高分子科学和高分子工程密切相关，常常互换使用。

高分子科学研究聚合物的化学和物理学，而高分子工程则教授学生如何设计和制造聚合物产品。

无论您选择哪个领域，高分子科学和工程的领域中都不断有创新和新发展。

Polymers are large molecules that are made up of repeating units called monomers. These molecules are characterized by their high molecular weight, which gives them unique properties such as strength, elasticity, and durability. There are many types of polymers, including plastics, rubbers, and fibers.聚合物是由称为单体的重复单位组成的大分子。

高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(基本全了教学提纲

A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物？What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。

材料科学与工程专业英语Unit2ClassificationofMaterials译文

Unit 2 Classification of MaterialsSolid materials have been conveniently grouped into three basic classifications: metals, ceramics, and polymers. This scheme is based primarily on chemical makeup and atomic structure, and most materials fall into one distinct grouping or another, although there are some intermediates. In addition, there are three other groups of important engineering materials —composites, semiconductors, and biomaterials.译文：译文：固体材料被便利的分为三个基本的类型：金属，陶瓷和聚合物。

固体材料被便利的分为三个基本的类型：金属，陶瓷和聚合物。

这个分类是首先基于这个分类是首先基于化学组成和原子结构来分的，化学组成和原子结构来分的，大多数材料落在明显的一个类别里面，大多数材料落在明显的一个类别里面，大多数材料落在明显的一个类别里面，尽管有许多中间品。

尽管有许多中间品。

除此之外，此之外，有三类其他重要的工程材料－复合材料，半导体材料和生物材料。

有三类其他重要的工程材料－复合材料，半导体材料和生物材料。

Composites consist of combinations of two or more different materials, whereas semiconductors are utilized because of their unusual electrical characteristics; biomaterials are implanted into the human body. A brief explanation of the material types and representative characteristics is offered next.译文：复合材料由两种或者两种以上不同的材料组成，然而半导体由于它们非同寻常的电学性质而得到使用；生物材料被移植进入人类的身体中。

材料科学专业英语正文课文翻译

材料科学专业英语正文课文翻译
材料科学是一门研究物质的性质和组成以及它们在不同条件下的行为的学科。

它涵盖了从原子和分子到大型结构的各种材料，包括金属、陶瓷、高分子材料和半导体等。

材料科学的发展为各个领域的技术和应用提供了基础和支持。

在材料科学中，有许多不同的性质和特征需要被研究和理解。

这些包括材料的力学性能、热性能、电性能、光学性能以及化学性能等。

通过对这些性能的探究，学者们可以确定材料的适用范围、使用条件和潜在的改进方向。

材料科学的研究还涉及到材料的制备和处理方法。

这些方法包括从原材料中提取纯净物质、合成新材料以及对已有材料进行改性等。

研究人员通过不断改进这些方法，可以制备出更加优良和具有特殊功能的材料，以满足各种需求。

材料科学的应用广泛存在于各个领域中。

在汽车工业中，材料科学帮助开发更轻量化、更强度的材料，提高汽车的燃油效率和安全性能。

在能源领域，材料科学有助于研究和开发更高效的太阳能
电池和电池材料。

在医疗领域，材料科学帮助设计和开发可生物降解的医用材料，用于组织工程和医疗器械等。

总而言之，材料科学在各个方面都起着重要的作用。

通过对材料的研究和理解，我们能够不断改进现有的材料，开发出更加先进和功能性的材料，推动科技的发展和社会的进步。

河南科技大学材料专业英语译文（2）

河南科技大学材料专业英语译文（2）二、材料2-1 ferrous alloys铁合金（黑色金属）More than 90% by weight of the metallic materials used by human beings are ferrous alloy. This represents an immense family of engineering materials with a wide range of microstructures and related properties. The majority of engineering designs that require structural load support or power transmission involve ferrous alloys. As a practical matter, those alloys fall into two broad categories based on the carbon in the alloy composition. Steel generally contains between Wc=0.05% and Wc=2.0%.人们所使用的在重量方面超过90%的金属材料是铁合金。

这表明一个巨大的工程材料家族有许多的微观组织和相关性能。

大部分的工程设计,需要结构上的负载支撑或动力传输所用到的铁合金。

实际上,这些合金基于碳占合金组成的含量可分为两大类。

钢的含碳量一般包含在Wc = 0.05%和Wc =2.0%。

铸铁的碳含量一般在Wc =2.0% and Wc =4.5%Within the steel category, we shall other than carbon is used.A composition of 5% total non-carbon additions will serve as an arbitrary boundary between low alloy and high alloy steels. Those alloy additions are chosen carefully because they invariably bring with them sharply increased material costs. They are justified only by essential improvements in improvements such as higher strength or improved corrosion resistance。

材料专业英语翻译

3 连词的减译 • Manganese goes into solid solution and then it forms a separate constituent. Mn溶入固溶体，然后形成游离态组元。 • These metals usually require a certain amount of preheating before welding and then allowed to cool slowly after the weld is completed.
• This machine is simple in design, yet it is efficient in operation.
• Alloys belong to a half-way house between mixtures and compounds.
• This new annealing furnace is a fuel-efficient model.
词语的增译
1 英语复数名词的增译 • After a series of experiments important phenomena have been ascertained. 一些重要现象
• The first steel castings produced by full mold process (实型铸造工艺) went 的减译
• • • • • 4.1 人称代词的减译 4.2 物主代词的减译 4.3 反身代词的减译 4.4 不定代词的减译 4.5 关系代词的减译
4.1 人称代词的减译
• Most of these alloys are covered by proprietary names and they are normally produced under licence from companies which have developed them.

材料科学与工程专业英语课文翻译(1,2,3,10).

United 1 材料科学与工程材料在我们的文化中比我们认识到的还要根深蒂固。

如交通、房子、衣物,通讯、娱乐和食物的生产,实际上,我们日常生活中的每一部分都或多或少地受到材料的影响。

历史上社会的发展、先进与那些能满足社会需要的材料的生产及操作能力密切相关。

实际上,早期的文明就以材料的发展程度来命名,如石器时代,铜器时代。

早期人们能得到的只有一些很有限的天然材料,如石头、木材、粘土等。

渐渐地,他们通过技术来生产优于自然材料的新材料,这些新材料包括陶器和金属。

进一步地,人们发现材料的性质可以通过加热或加入其他物质来改变。

在这点上,材料的应用完全是一个选择的过程。

也就是说,在一系列非常有限的材料中,根据材料的优点选择一种最适合某种应用的材料。

直到最近,科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。

这个大约是过去的60 年中获得的认识使得材料的性质研究成为时髦。

因此,成千上万的材料通过其特殊的性质得以发展来满足我们现代及复杂的社会需要。

很多使我们生活舒适的技术的发展与适宜材料的获得密切相关。

一种材料的先进程度通常是一种技术进步的先兆。

比如,没有便宜的钢制品或其他替代品就没有汽车。

在现代,复杂的电子器件取决于所谓的半导体零件.材料科学与工程有时把材料科学与工程细分成材料科学和材料工程学科是有用的。

严格地说,材料科学涉及材料到研究材料的结构和性质的关系。

相反,材料工程是根据材料的结构和性质的关系来设计或操纵材料的结构以求制造出一系列可预定的性质。

从功能方面来说,材料科学家的作用是发展或合成新的材料,而材料工程师是利用已有的材料创造新的产品或体系,和/或发展材料加工新技术。

多数材料专业的本科毕业生被同时训练成材料科学家和材料工程师。

“structure”一词是个模糊的术语值得解释。

简单地说,材料的结构通常与其内在成分的排列有关。

原子内的结构包括介于单个原子间的电子和原子核的相互作用。

在原子水平上,结构包括原子或分子与其他相关的原子或分子的组织。

材料科学与工程专业(第四版)英语翻译(1

材料科学与工程专业(第四版)英语翻译(1篇一：材料科学与工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(1,2,3,10)United 1 材料科学与工程材料在我们的文化中比我们认识到的还要根深蒂固。

如交通、房子、衣物，通讯、娱乐和食物的生产，实际上，我们日常生活中的每一部分都或多或少地受到材料的影响。

历史上社会的发展、先进与那些能满足社会需要的材料的生产及操作能力密切相关。

实际上，早期的文明就以材料的发展程度来命名，如石器时代，铜器时代。

早期人们能得到的只有一些很有限的天然材料，如石头、木材、粘土等。

渐渐地，他们通过技术来生产优于自然材料的新材料，这些新材料包括陶器和金属。

进一步地，人们发现材料的性质可以通过加热或加入其他物质来改变。

在这点上，材料的应用完全是一个选择的过程。

也就是说，在一系列非常有限的材料中，根据材料的优点选择一种最适合某种应用的材料。

直到最近，科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。

这个大约是过去的 60 年中获得的认识使得材料的性质研究成为时髦。

因此，成千上万的材料通过其特殊的性质得以发展来满足我们现代及复杂的社会需要。

很多使我们生活舒适的技术的发展与适宜材料的获得密切相关。

一种材料的先进程度通常是一种技术进步的先兆。

比如，没有便宜的钢制品或其他替代品就没有汽车。

在现代，复杂的电子器件取决于所谓的半导体零件.材料科学与工程有时把材料科学与工程细分成材料科学和材料工程学科是有用的。

严格地说，材料科学涉及材料到研究材料的结构和性质的关系。

相反，材料工程是根据材料的结构和性质的关系来设计或操纵材料的结构以求制造出一系列可预定的性质。

从功能方面来说，材料科学家的作用是发展或合成新的材料，而材料工程师是利用已有的材料创造新的产品或体系，和/或发展材料加工新技术。

多数材料专业的本科毕业生被同时训练成材料科学家和材料工程师。

“structure”一词是个模糊的术语值得解释。

简单地说，材料的结构通常与其内在成分的排列有关。

材料科学专业英语英语作文

材料科学专业英语英语作文英文回答：Materials science is a rapidly evolving field that deals with the synthesis, characterization, and application of materials with tailored properties. It combines elements from chemistry, physics, and engineering to design and develop new materials for various applications in various industries, ranging from aerospace to electronics to healthcare.The field of materials science encompasses a wide range of subfields, including:Materials Synthesis: Involves developing new methods for synthesizing materials with specific properties and structures. This can include techniques such as chemical vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, and sol-gel processing.Materials Characterization: Involves using advanced techniques to characterize the structure, composition, and properties of materials. This can include techniques suchas X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and spectroscopy.Materials Modeling: Involves using computational techniques to simulate and predict the behavior of materials. This can include simulating the atomic-level structure of materials, predicting their mechanical properties, and understanding their electronic properties.Materials Applications: Involves designing and developing new materials for specific applications. Thiscan include developing new materials for aerospace, electronics, energy storage, and healthcare.Materials science plays a crucial role in the development of new technologies and products, such as:Electronic devices: Materials science is essential for developing new materials for electronic devices, such as semiconductors, insulators, and conductors. These materialsenable the development of faster, smaller, and more efficient electronic devices.Aerospace materials: Materials science is essential for developing new materials for aerospace applications, such as lightweight, strong, and heat-resistant alloys. These materials enable the development of more efficient and safer aircraft and spacecraft.Energy storage materials: Materials science is essential for developing new materials for energy storage, such as batteries and capacitors. These materials enable the development of more efficient and sustainable energy storage systems.Healthcare materials: Materials science is essential for developing new materials for healthcare applications, such as biomaterials and drug delivery systems. These materials enable the development of new treatments and therapies for various diseases.The field of materials science is expected to continueto grow rapidly in the coming years, driven by the demandfor new materials for various applications. This growthwill be fueled by advances in computational techniques, characterization techniques, and materials synthesis methods.中文回答：材料科学是一个快速发展的领域，它涉及到合成、表征和应用具有定制性能的材料。

材料科学与工程专业英语Unit5MaterialsReasearch

材料科学与工程专业英语Unit5MaterialsReasearch第一篇：材料科学与工程专业英语 Unit 5 Materials Reasearch Unit 5 Materials Research: Today and FutureThe future of the business in polymeric materials is influenced to a large extent by three factors：macro-trends in society, developments in science and technology and the outcome of the present turmoil in the chemical industry．to a large extent 在很大程度上译文：在聚合材料方面的市场的未来很大程度上受三个因素的影响：社会的宏观趋势，科学与技术的发展和目前化学工业中变动的成果。

，it is expected that an increasing pressure will be exerted in the next decades by the society at large on the chemical industry，to come to a higher level of sustainability．The development of really sustainable products and processes will become more and more important.lookat……it is expected that…..译文：纵观社会将来的需求，有人预料，由社会给化学工业带来的越来越多的压力将在随后几十年间将显露出来，将到达一个很高的水平并持续下去。

真正的可持续的产品和工艺的发展将变得越来越重要。

材料成型及控制工程专业英语及翻译解读

最新消息1-2the benefits of civilization which we enjoy today are essentiallydue to the improved quality of products available to us .文明的好处我们享受今天本质上是由于改进质量的产品提供给我们。

the improvement in the quality of goods can be achieved with proper design that takes into consideration the functional requirement as well as its manufacturing aspects. 提高商品的质量可以达到与适当的设计,考虑了功能要求以及其制造方面。

The design process that would take proper care of the manufacturing process as well would be the ideal one. This would ensure a better product being made available at an economical cost.设计过程中,将采取适当的照顾的生产过程将是理想的一个。

这将确保更好的产品被使可得到一个经济成本。

Manufacturing is involved in turning raw materials to finished products to be used for some purpose. 制造业是参与将原材料到成品用于某些目的。

In the present age there have been increasing demands on the product performance by way of desirable exotic properties such as resistance to high temperatures, higher speeds and extra loads.在现在的时代已经有越来越多的产品性能要求的理想的异国情调的性能如耐高温,更高的速度和额外的负载These in turn would require a variety of new materials and its associated processing.这些反过来需要各种新材料及其相关的处理Also, exacting working conditions that are desired in the modern industrial operations make large demands on the manufacturing industry.这些反过来需要各种新材料及其相关的处理。

材料科学专业英语英语作文

材料科学专业英语英语作文Title: The Intersection of Material Science and English ProficiencyAs we delve into the world of academia, it becomes increasingly evident that specialization is the cornerstone of progress. One such field that has been garnering significant attention in recent years is Material Science. At its core, Material Science is the study of materials and their properties, with a focus on their application across various industries. However, the communication of complex scientific concepts requires a level of English proficiency that is often underestimated.In this essay, we will explore the importance of English writing skills for professionals in Material Science, discussing the challenges they face and how proficiency in English can enhance their work and research outcomes.Firstly, it is essential to understand that Material Science is an international field. Researchers, scientists, and engineers collaborate across borders, publish findings in prestigious international journals, and attend conferences worldwide. Inthese contexts, English serves as the lingua franca, enabling communication and dissemination of ideas. Therefore, having a strong command of English is not just beneficial; it is necessary for any individual aiming to make a mark in the realm of Material Science.One of the primary challenges faced by Material Science professionals when it comes to English writing is the complexity of terminology. The discipline is replete with specialized terms and phrases that may be difficult to express accurately in English. This challenge extends beyond mere vocabulary; it also encompasses the ability to construct clear, precise sentences that convey intricate scientific processes and results.Moreover, the act of writing a research paper or article in Material Science demands a particular structure and style. The typical format includes an abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Each section must adhere to specific guidelines, and the language used should be formal and objective. A skilled writer in this field would be able to navigate these requirements with ease, ensuring that their work is not only scientifically sound but also accessible and engaging to a broader audience.Another aspect where English writing skills prove crucial is in grant proposals and funding applications. These documents require a persuasive tone, highlighting the significance of the proposed research and its potential impact. A well-written proposal can mean the difference between securing funding and facing rejection. Therefore, mastery over English grammar, syntax, and rhetorical devices is paramount.To conclude, Material Science is a dynamic and multifaceted field that demands excellence not only in scientific knowledge but also in English writing. The ability to communicate complex concepts clearly and effectively through the written word is a skill that cannot be overlooked. As the world becomes more interconnected, the importance of English as a medium of scientific communication will continue to grow. It is imperative that professionals in Material Science hone their English writing skills, thereby contributing to the advancement of science and technology while reaching a global audience.。

材料专业英语翻译

材料专业英语翻译Nanotechnology is the study and manipulation of materials at the nanoscale level, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers. At this scale, materials exhibit unique properties and behaviors due to their small size and large surface area. Nanomaterials have revolutionized various industries, including electronics, medicine, and energy. For example, carbon nanotubes have excellent electrical conductivity and are used in the development of high-performance electronics, while nanoparticles are used in drug delivery systems for targeted therapy.Smart materials are materials that can change their properties in response to external stimuli, such as temperature, light, or electrical signals. They are used in various applications, including sensors, actuators, and adaptive structures. For example, shape memory alloys can change their shape when subjected to heat, which makes them useful in self-repairing materials and biomedical devices.In addition to the development of advanced materials, material engineering also involves the study of material testing and characterization. Material testing is the process of evaluating the mechanical, thermal, electrical, and chemical properties of materials. This helps engineers to understand the behavior of materials under different conditions and to ensure their safety and performance in practical applications.In conclusion, material engineering is a multidisciplinary field that plays a vital role in the development of new materials and the improvement of existing materials. It involves the study of various materials and their properties, as well as the use of advanced technologies to create materials with superior performance. Material engineering contributes to advancements in industries such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, and medicine, and continues to drive innovation and progress in science and technology.。

材料专业英语翻译

材料专业英语翻译 Company number：【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】Unit1Advanced Engineering MaterialsTypes of Materials材料的类型Materials may be grouped in several ways. Scientists often classify materials by their state: solid, liquid, or gas. They also separate them into organic (onceliving) and inorganic (never living) materials.材料可以按多种方法分类。

科学家常根据状态将材料分为：固体、液体或气体。

他们也把材料分为有机材料(曾经有生命的)和无机材料(从未有生命的)。

For industrial purposes, materials are divided into engineering materials or nonengineering materials. Engineering materials are those used in manufacture and become parts of products.就工业效用而言，材料被分为工程材料和非工程材料。

那些用于加工制造并成为产品组成部分的就是工程材料。

Nonengineering materials are the chemicals, fuels, lubricants, and other materials used in the manufacturing process, which do not become part of the product.非工程材料则是化学品、燃料、润滑剂以及其它用于加工制造过程但不成为产品组成部分的材料。

材料专业英文作文

材料专业英文作文Title: The Significance of Materials Science in Modern Innovation。

Materials science, as a discipline, plays a pivotalrole in driving innovation across various industries, ranging from electronics to aerospace. Its significancelies in its ability to understand, manipulate, and develop materials to meet the evolving demands of society. In this essay, we will explore the importance of materials sciencein modern innovation, focusing on its applications, advancements, and future prospects.Firstly, materials science serves as the cornerstone of technological advancements in numerous fields. For instance, in the realm of electronics, the development of semiconductors and nanomaterials has revolutionized computing and communication devices, leading to smaller, faster, and more efficient gadgets. Moreover, in the automotive industry, lightweight and durable materials,such as carbon fiber composites and high-strength alloys, are enabling the production of fuel-efficient vehicles with enhanced performance and safety features.Furthermore, materials science contributes to sustainable development by facilitating the creation ofeco-friendly materials and processes. With growing concerns about environmental degradation and resource depletion, there is a pressing need to explore alternative materials that are renewable, recyclable, and biodegradable. Researchers in the field are actively exploring biomimetic materials inspired by nature, such as bioplastics derived from plant-based sources and bio-inspired structural materials with exceptional strength and resilience.In addition to its applications in existing industries, materials science drives innovation by enabling the emergence of entirely new technologies and markets. One such example is the field of flexible electronics, which promises to revolutionize wearable devices, healthcare monitoring systems, and smart textiles. By developing flexible and stretchable materials, researchers are pavingthe way for novel applications that were previously deemed impossible with rigid silicon-based electronics.Moreover, materials science fosters interdisciplinary collaboration, bridging the gap between chemistry, physics, engineering, and biology. The convergence of these disciplines has led to groundbreaking discoveries and inventions, such as bioengineered tissues for regenerative medicine, self-healing materials for infrastructure repair, and smart materials capable of adapting to changing environmental conditions. Such interdisciplinary research not only expands the frontiers of scientific knowledge but also addresses complex societal challenges.Looking ahead, the future of materials science holds immense promise, fueled by advancements in computational modeling, additive manufacturing, and nanotechnology. Computational tools, such as machine learning algorithmsand molecular simulations, enable researchers to predictthe properties of novel materials with unprecedented accuracy, accelerating the pace of discovery and innovation. Additive manufacturing techniques, such as 3D printing,empower designers to create complex geometries and customized structures with minimal material waste, opening up new possibilities in product design and manufacturing.Furthermore, nanotechnology, which involves the manipulation of matter at the nanoscale, offers unparalleled control over material properties and functionalities. By engineering materials at the atomic and molecular level, scientists can tailor their optical, electrical, and mechanical properties to suit specific applications, ranging from advanced sensors and catalysts to drug delivery systems and energy storage devices.In conclusion, materials science is indispensable to modern innovation, driving progress across diverse sectors and addressing global challenges. Its interdisciplinary nature, coupled with advancements in technology and research methodologies, continues to expand the frontiers of possibility, paving the way for a brighter and more sustainable future. As we embark on this journey of discovery and exploration, the role of materials science in shaping the world of tomorrow cannot be overstated.。

材料科学与工程专业英语(第四版)--第四章第3节翻译

4.3 Precision CastingMetal casting has a historic pedigree as the manufacturing process first used by man to produce intricate metal articles and art objects.It played a major role in the industrial revolution and remains the basis of current manufacturing equipment and manufactured goods.The process plays an important part in aerospace component production and,as such ,remains at the leading edge of technology development.Despite the competition from plastics and ceramics,metal still remain the dominant materials in the production of capital equipment and manufactured goods.Metal casting will continue to play a major role,as a manufacturing process of considerable versatility,for the foreseeable future金属铸造被人类作为生产工艺首次使用在复杂的金属制品和艺术品上有悠久的历史。

它在工业革命中发挥了重大作用，仍然是当今设备和产品制造的基本方法。

这种工艺在航空零部件生产中起着重要的作用，因此，仍然是科技发展的前沿技术。

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最新材料专业英语译写教程第一节专业英语的语法特点一、非人称语气和客观性试看下面的一段研究论文：Graphitization characteristics of either conventional malleable irons and magnesium-treated white irons have been proposed or reported in previous literature. However, no detailed investigation has been conducted regarding the heat-treatment responsiveness of Mg-treated malleable irons.In this paper，the influence of different foundry variables(e.g. section size，composition of the iron，nodule count，etc.)on first-stage and second-stage graphitization was investigated.Magnesium treatment contributed to improved nodularity，uniform nodule size，uniform nodule distribution and shorter first-stage graphitizatlon time.Empirical regression equations were derived and indicated that the pearlite-ferrite ratio in the matrix can be controlled by varying the second-stage graphitization cooling rate through critical temperature range.The pearlite-ferrite ratio also depends upon the section size of the castings,the composition of the iron and the nodule count.以前的文献报道了传统可锻铸铁和镁处理自口铁的石墨化特征，然而有关镁处理可锻铸铁与热处理的相关性尚无详细研究。

本文研究了各种铸造因素(如断面尺寸、铸铁化学成分、石墨球数等)对第一阶段和第二阶段石墨化的影响。

镁处理有利于提高石墨球化率，使石墨球大小和分布均匀，并缩短第一阶段石墨化时间。

根据实验结果导出了回归方程，方程表明：通过改变第二阶段石墨化经过临界温度范围的冷却速度，可以控制基体中“珠光体/铁素体”量的比值。

这一比值也取决于铸件断面尺寸的大小、铸铁的化学成分和石墨球数。

在这段英语申，作者指出了研究工作的背景，介绍了研究内容，陈述了铸造因素对镁处理可锻铸铁两阶段石墨化过程的影响，并借助统计方法对试验结果进行了分析。

这段叙述总共用了六句话，为了体现研究工作的客观性，全部采用非人称语气(连从句一共七个主语全都是非人称的)。

整段文字语言规范、条理清楚、简洁流畅，并且使用的是正式的书面体，文中词语也几乎都是专业科技词语，所以这段文字可以说是典型的专业英语。

二、被动语态由于专业英语文献陈述的对象是客观事物，经常使用无生命的第三人称语气和客观态度，因此在语言表述中必然较多地使用以客观事物为主体的被动语态。

如在上一段例句中，六句话就有五处使用被动语态，足见其使用频率之高。

专业英语中的被动语句不一定要说出行为主体，特别当行为主体是人时。

但有时也可用"by"引出行为者，这些行为主体除了人、机构、物质以外，还包括完成该动作的方法、原因或过程等。

例如：(1)After the hot-Worked surface has been cleaned and oxides removed，the metal can be cold worked to give the final dimensions and properties.在对经过热加工的金属表面进行清洁和除去氧化物后，可对金属进行冷加工得到最后的尺寸和性能。

(2)The amount of undercooling degree that occurs with a given analysis of alloy melt and cooling rate is strongly influenced by the presence of nuclei in themelt.在一定的化学成分和冷却速度下，合金液过冷度的大小受到合金液中存在的晶核的强烈影响。

另外，有时可将被动句中的"by…"放到句首，构成倒装句，以强调主动方。

如果想让读者特别注意过程的步骤或事件的顺序时，可采用此法。

例：(3) By increasing carbon and/or silicon contents the propensity of cast iron to solidify white is reduced.通过增加碳和(或)硅的含量，铸铁凝固成白口的倾向被减弱了三、非谓语动词1.分词的使用在专业英语中，分词短语被大量地用作定语、状语和独立分词结构，取代被动态或主动态的关系从句，便句子结构得到简化。

例如：( 1 ) Examined under a microscope, gray cast iron consists of metal matrix and graphites.在显微镜下观察，灰铸铁由金属基体和石墨组成。

(分词短语作条件状语)分词独立结构(名词或代词十分词短语，是一种主谓结构，在中的作用相当于并列分句或从句。

例如:(2) Agitation is critical, the aim being to distribute silicon carbide particles homogeneously throughout the aluminum melt.搅拌至关重要，其目的是将碳化硅颗粒均匀地分布在整个铝液中。

(并列分句)(3 ) The process involves the moulder placing a box around the pattern,filling it with sand and then applyinga squeeze board by means of levers, thus exerting the necessary force to compact the sand around the pattern profile.这个过程包括造型工将砂箱环绕模型放置，填充型砂，然后通过杠杆用压板施力，将围绕模型的型砂紧实。

(相当于宾语从句)2.动名词的使用动名词构成的介词短语可取代状语从句或简化陈述句，在专业英语中应用广泛。

如:( 1 ) Iron is made by reducing iron oxide in a large device called blast furnaces.铁是在一种叫做鼓风炉的大型设备里通过将氧化铁还原制得的。

(2) The formation of complex gas can be controlled by reducing the oxygen content in the melt and this is achieved by adding deoxidants.通过减少金属液中氧的含量可以控制复杂气体的形成，而这是由加入脱氧剂实现的。

(3) The adverse effects of segregation associated with slowly cooled large section castings can be reduced by controlling the purity of the charge materials and by increasing the nodule number.通过控制原材料的纯度和增加石墨球数，可以减轻缓慢冷却的大断面铸件中由于元素偏析产生的副作用。

3.不定式的使用不定式在专业英语中的使用也十分频繁，在句中常用来替换表示目的、功能的从句，使句子结构简练。

例如:(1) Certain elements such as magnesium, cerium and calcium can be added into the cast iron melt of suitable composition to change the growth habit of the eutectic graphite from flake to nodular on subsequent solidification.在具有适当成分的铁水中添加某些元素，如镁、铈和钙，可以在随后的凝固中将共晶石墨的生长习性从片状改变为球状。

(2) Metallographic samples may also be taken from testbars or from castings to examine the form of the graphite and matrix or to determine eutectic cell size.金相试样也可以从试棒或者从铸件上取得，用来考察石墨和基体的形态，或者用来确定共晶团的大小。

四、名词化结构"表示动作意义的名词十of十名词十修饰语"叫做名词化结构。

名词化结构具有文字明了、用词简洁、结构紧凑、表意客观、信息容量大等特点，在专业英语中经常用它代替主谓结构作各种句子成分，使句子结构简化。

例如:(1) The pearlite structure can be achieved by control of cooling rate after solidification or by subsequent heat treatment.珠光体组织可以通过控制凝固后的冷却速度或通过后来的热处理获得。

(2) An increase in nodule number and improvements in nodule shape in large section castings can be effected by the addition of a small mount of antimony.在大断面铸件中，添加少量的锑可增加石墨球数并改善球墨形状。

最新材料专业英语译写教程