2015年考研英语一翻译真题解析

句子分析： 主干： But the force of A，B，and C caused significant changes. A、B、C分别是三个名词性短语 词语分析： interplay varied national groups：不同国家移民群体，即民族 译1：但是美国独特的地理条件，各个民族之间的相互影响，以及在原始新大陆上推行旧世界老一 套方法的难度，带来了巨大的变化。 去形式化






句子分析： 主干： The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory crossed the Atlantic. 词语理解： bound for：开往，驶往，前往 bound East for Cardiff 驶向东方的卡笛夫 其余支结构为地点和时间



英汉思维： 汉语：时间，地点，事件 英语：事件，地点，时间 eg：2008年5月12日，14：28：04，四川汶川地区发生了8级地震 An earthquake meaLeabharlann Baiduuring at 8M hit Wenchuan area of Sichuan Provence in Southwest China at 14：28：04.
Lecturer：Kaya 8th, Dec. 2016

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one of the great folk wanderings of historyswept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. (47) The United States is the product of two principal forces — the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.

Our research is sailing into uncharted waters/seas
我们的研究工作正深入到从未涉及过的领域.
字典上查来的意思还不能直接使用，要化盐于水



句子结构分析： 破折号（同位语）等解释性句式结构 。翻译时可套用结构，“主句, 即……” 分解破折号后的句子，two principal forces分别指： a. the immigration of European peoples （with their varied ideas, customs and national characteristics） b. the impact of a new country which modified these traits 词语分析： varied ideas：“不同的想法”，按照语境，贴合文意，译为“思想各异” customs and national characteristics：“风俗与民族特征”，平时要掌握一些惯用表达 modify： If you modify something, you change it slightly, usually in order to improve it. 修改，改 良，改进


(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-to twelveweek voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay. “To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief,” said one recorder of events, “the air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.(50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.
The club members did agree to modify their recruitment policy.
俱乐部成员确已同意修改他们的入会政策。

直译：美国是两种主要力量的产物：即思想、风俗习惯、民族性格各异的欧洲移民，以及新建立的 国家对欧洲移民此类特质进行改造后所带来的影响。 意译：有两股主要力量形成了美国：一是欧洲移民带来的各式思想、风俗和民族特征，二是这个新 国家本身在融合上述特征之后带来的影响。
译1：在15-16世纪发现美洲大陆的一百多年之后，第一批载满移民的航船横跨大西洋驶向这片土 地/领土，即今天的美国。 译2：十五世纪和十六世纪的探索发现了北美洲，又过了一百多年，第一艘满载移民的航船跨过大 西洋驶向这片土地，即现在的美国。

译2：但由于美国特有的地理条件,不同民族的相互作用,以及维护原始老式方式的纯粹困难,新大陆 引起了（发生了）重大变化。 此译文增添了主语，新大陆 英汉思维差异，英语重客观陈述，此句重心在于带来变化的三种力量。 基本句型：A cause/bring B （A导致/带来B） eg：Over thirty years of reform and opening up has brought great development of China’s economy. 改革开放三十多年间，中国经济取得巨大发展。 The economic crisis brought sustained plunge of the economic growth rate. 由于发生经济危机, 经济增速持续下滑.


What’s this passage is about and what’s the style of this passage? E-C translation: English makes sentences by way of netting and Chinese piling. 英语织网 VS 汉语砌墙。 英译汉，要先把英语中编织的网逐层解开，然后 进行句子重组。

1. 句子分析：关系代词and，并列句 主干（1）This movement built a nation out of a wilderness and （2）shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 分词结构： driven by powerful and diverse motivations （修饰movement） 介词结构表方式： by its nature 受强有力、多样化的动机驱使，此次运动从蛮荒中建起了一个国家。 并按照其本性塑造了这块未知大陆的性格及命运。 2. 词语分析： wilderness：wild “野外”，-ness名词，荒野的状态 unchartered (牛津英汉高阶双解词典) 1） not marked on a map or chart 图上未标明的: an uncharted island 地图上没有标明的岛. 2） not explored or mapped 未经勘测的; 未绘制成图的: an uncharted area, zone, etc 未经勘探的地区﹑ 地带等