高考英语(全国通用)：阅读理解(12)文章结构之篇章结构题

高考英语阅读理解专题训练AThe term “helicopter parents”refers to “a style of parents who are over focused on their children”．Helicopter parents are always making a big push to provide children with every opportunity to succeed，from baby steps at age 1，homework at age 8，college application at age 18，employment issues at age 25 to family problems at age 30,40 or even older.They constantly shadow the child，always directing his behavior，allowing him zero alone time.Helicopter parenting can develop for a number of reasons.Worries about the economy，the job market，and the world in general can push parents toward taking more control over their child’s life in an attempt to protect them.Adults who felt unloved or ignored as children can overcompensate their own children.When parents see other overinvolved parents，it can cause a similar response.They feel that if they don’t involve themselves in their children’s lives，they are bad parents.The main problem with helicopter parenting is that it can backfire.To give an example，the house where Mary lived with roommates was broken into and things were stolen.Mary called the landlord(房东) to install an alarm system，but before she could finish the negotiations(协商)，her mother rushed in and demanded action.“I felt like my mother ruined my communication with our landlord.We could have gotten it done ourselves.She was well intended but only made me feel annoyed and defeated，”says Mary.Obviously，overparenting is motivated with the idea of doing good things but it does the exact opposite.In the long run parents are actually damaging their child’s basic skills to deal with matters independently.It makes the child feel lacking in confidence，less competent in dealing with the stresses of life on their own.They’re winning the battle，but actually losing the war.语篇解读本文为说明文。

主要介绍了“直升机式父母”的定义，产生“直升机式父母”的原因及危害。

1．What’s the purpose of helicopter parents’ overparenting?A．To do something good for their children.B．To make their children not ignored.C．To help their children find a good job.D．To get rid of the pressure from other parents.答案 A解析细节理解题。

根据最后一段第一句“Obviously，overparenting is motivated with the idea of doing good things...”可知“直升机式父母”过分呵护孩子的目的是想做一些有益于孩子们的事情，故答案为A项。

2．What can we learn from the passage?A．Children who have helicopter parents live a hard life.B．Helicopter parenting only happens to very young children.C．Helicopter parents can protect their children against all problems.D．Helicopter parents do their children great harm in the long run.答案 D解析推理判断题。

根据最后一段可知，从长远看过分呵护孩子会毁掉孩子独立处理问题的基本技巧，使孩子缺乏自信心，在处理生活压力方面缺乏竞争力。

由此可见从长远看，“直升机式父母”对孩子有很大危害，故答案为D项。

3．What will possibly be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A．The bad effects of helicopter parenting.B．How we can avoid being helicopter parents.C．Different opinions about helicopter parenting.D．The reasons for the development of helicopter parents.答案 B解析篇章结构题。

文章第一、二段介绍了“直升机式父母”的定义及表现，第三段介绍了产生“直升机式父母”的原因，最后两段介绍了“直升机式父母”的危害。

由此可知文章下文应该介绍如何避免成为“直升机式父母”，故答案为B项。

BThe U．S.Postal Service(USPS) is losing billions of dollars a year.The government company that delivers “small mail”is losing out to email and other types of electronic communication.First-class mail amount fell from a high point of 104 million pieces in 2000 to just 64 million pieces by 2014.Congress permits the 600,000-employee USPS to hold a monopoly(垄断) over first-class and standard mail.The company pays no federal，state or local taxes；pays no vehicle fees；and is free from many regulations on other businesses.Despite these advantages，the USPS has lost 52 billion since 2007，and will continue losing money without major reforms.The problem is that Congress is preventing the USPS from reducing costs as its sales decline，and is blocking efforts to end Saturday service and close unneeded post office PS also has a costly union-dominated workforce that slows the introduction of new ideas or methods PS workers earn significantly higher payment than comparable private-sector workers.The answer is to privatize the USPS and open postal markets to competition.With the rise of the Internet，the argument that mail is a natural monopoly that needs government protection is weaker than ever.Other countries facing declining letter amounts have made reforms.Germany and the Netherlands privatized their national postal companies over a decade ago，and other European countries have followed suit.Britain floated shares of the Royal Mail on its stock exchange in 2013.Some countries，such as Sweden and New Zealand，have not privatized their national postal companies，but they have opened them up to competition.These reforms have driven efficiency improvements in all of these countries.Additional number of workers have been reduced，productivity has risen and consumers have benefited.Also，note that cost-cutting measures—such as closing tone post offices—are good for both the economy and the environment.Privatization and competition also encourage new changes.When the USPS monopoly over “extremely urgent”mail was stopped in 1979，we saw an explosion in efficient overnight private delivery by firms such as FedEx.The government needs to wake up to changing technology，study postal reforms abroad and let businessmen reinvent our out-of-date postal system.语篇解读本文为议论文，主要论述了如何解决USPS在经营上遇到的问题。