药理学英文试题含复习资料
药理学双语试题
药理学双语试题1. What is the main mechanism of action of beta-blockers? (β受体阻滞剂的主要作用机制是什么？)2. What is the difference between first-generation and second-generation antihistamines? (一代和二代抗组胺药的区别是什么？)3. What is the half-life of fluconazole? (氟康唑的半衰期是多久？)4. What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors? (ACE 抑制剂的作用机制是什么？)5. What is the most common side effect of loop diuretics? (袢利尿剂最常见的副作用是什么？)6. What is the recommended dose of aspirin for preventing myocardial infarction? (预防心肌梗死的阿司匹林推荐剂量是多少？)7. What is the mechanism of action of statins? (他汀类药物的作用机制是什么？)8. What is the difference between alpha and beta adrenergic receptors? (α和β肾上腺素受体的区别是什么？)9. What is the mechanism of action of digitalis? (洋地黄的作用机制是什么？)10. What is the mechanism of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs? (非甾体类抗炎药的作用机制是什么？)11. What is the difference between local and systemic anesthetics? (局部麻醉药和全身麻醉药的区别是什么？)12. What is the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers? (钙通道阻滞剂的作用机制是什么？)13. What is the most common side effect of ACE inhibitors? (ACE 抑制剂最常见的副作用是什么？)14. What is the mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics? (β-内酰胺类抗生素的作用机制是什么？)15. What is the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors? (质子泵抑制剂的作用机制是什么？)16. What is the difference between first- and second-generation sulfonylureas? (一代和二代磺酰脲类药物的区别是什么？)17. What is the mechanism of action of H2-receptor antagonists? (H2 受体拮抗剂的作用机制是什么？)18. What is the difference between alpha- and beta-blockers? (α受体阻滞剂和β受体阻滞剂的区别是什么？)19. What is the mechanism of action of anticonvulsants? (抗癫痫药的作用机制是什么？)20. What is the most common side effect of antipsychotic drugs? (抗精神病药物最常见的副作用是什么？)。
药剂英文试题及答案
药剂英文试题及答案Pharmacology Exam Questions and AnswersSection A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)1. Which of the following is a side effect of beta-blockers?A. Increased heart rateB. Decreased blood pressureC. Increased respiratory rateD. Increased blood sugar levelsAnswer: B. Decreased blood pressure2. The primary mechanism of action of aspirin is:A. Inhibition of acetylcholinesteraseB. Agonist activity at beta-adrenergic receptorsC. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymesD. Stimulation of prostaglandin synthesisAnswer: C. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes3. Which class of drugs is used to treat Parkinson's disease?A. BenzodiazepinesB. AntipsychoticsC. Dopaminergic agentsD. AnticholinergicsAnswer: C. Dopaminergic agents4. The therapeutic index is defined as:A. The ratio of the minimum effective dose to the maximum safe doseB. The ratio of the maximum safe dose to the minimum toxic doseC. The ratio of the minimum toxic dose to the maximum effective doseD. The ratio of the minimum effective dose to the minimum toxic doseAnswer: D. The ratio of the minimum effective dose to the minimum toxic dose5. The term "prodrug" refers to a substance that:A. Is administered as a drug but must be metabolized to be activeB. Is an active drug that is converted into a less active metaboliteC. Is a drug that is immediately active uponadministrationD. Is a drug that is converted into a more potent form by the bodyAnswer: A. Is administered as a drug but must be metabolized to be activeSection B: Short Answer Questions6. What is the difference between a receptor agonist and an antagonist?Answer: A receptor agonist is a substance that binds to a receptor and activates it, producing a biological response.An antagonist, on the other hand, binds to a receptor butdoes not activate it, and may block or reduce the effect ofan agonist.7. Explain the concept of drug half-life.Answer: The half-life of a drug is the time required forthe concentration of the drug in the body to decrease by half. It is an important parameter in determining the dosinginterval for a medication.8. What are the factors that can affect drug absorption?Answer: Factors affecting drug absorption include the chemical properties of the drug, the presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract, the pH of the environment, and the blood flow to the absorption site.9. Describe the difference between a narrow therapeutic index drug and a wide therapeutic index drug.Answer: A drug with a narrow therapeutic index has a small margin between its effective dose and toxic dose, requiring careful dosing to avoid toxicity. A drug with a wide therapeutic index has a larger margin between its effective and toxic doses, allowing for greater dosing flexibility and less risk of toxicity.10. What is the role of the liver in drug metabolism?Answer: The liver plays a crucial role in drug metabolism by converting lipophilic drugs into more water-soluble metabolites, which can then be more easily excreted by thekidneys. The liver contains various enzymes, particularly the cytochrome P450 system, which are responsible for the biotransformation of many drugs.Section C: Essay Questions11. Discuss the importance of pharmacokinetics in drug therapy.Answer: Pharmacokinetics is the study of how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body. Understanding the pharmacokinetic properties of a drug is essential for optimizing drug therapy, ensuring efficacy, and minimizing adverse effects. It helps in determining the appropriate dosing regimen, frequency, and duration of treatment.12. Explain the concept of drug-drug interactions and provide examples.Answer: Drug-drug interactions occur when two or more drugs affect each other's action or metabolism. This can lead to increased or decreased drug effects, or the development of new side effects. Examples include the interaction between warfarin and aspirin, where aspirin can enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, and the interaction between phenytoin and isoniazid, where isoniazid can decrease the effectiveness of phenytoin by inducing its metabolism.13. Discuss the role of genetics in individual responses to drugs.Answer: Genetics can significantly influence anindividual's response to a drug. Genetic variations canaffect drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. For example, genetic polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 enzymes can。
k药理学复习资料
一、名词解释：1．药理学（pharmacology）：研究药物与机体相互作用及作用规律的学科。
2．药效动力学（pharmacodynamics）和药代动力学（pharmacokinetics）：药效动力学是研究药物的基本作用、量效关系和药物与受体相互作用的学科；药代动力学是研究药物的吸收、分布、代谢、排泄过程，并运用数学原理或方法阐释药物在机体内的动态规律。
3．首过效应（first pass metabolism）：口服经胃肠道吸收的药物在进行全身循环之前，会先被胃肠道或肝脏代谢而导致有效循环药物量减少的现象。
4．半衰期：血浆药物浓度下降一半所需要的时间。
5．生物利用度：任意途径给药后到达全身血循环的药物的百分含量称为生物利用度。
6．不良反应和副反应：与用药目的无关，给病人带来痛苦和不适的反应统称为不良反应；药物在治疗剂量下使机体出现的与治疗目的无关的作用称为副反应。
7．安慰剂（placebo）：本身无特殊药理活性的中性物质制成的形似药品的制剂。
8．继发性反应：由于治疗作用而引起的不良后果。
9．后遗效应：有效血药浓度下残留的生物效应。
10．耐药性和耐受性：病原体或肿瘤细胞对反复应用的化疗药物敏感性降低的特性称为耐药性；连续多次应用药物后会使机体的反应性下降，需要增大剂量才可恢复反应的特性称为耐受性。
11．效能（efficacy）和效价（potency）：药理效应的极限叫做效能；能引起等效反应的相对药物浓度或剂量叫效价。
12．激动剂和拮抗剂：既有亲和力又有内在活性的药物称为激动剂；只有亲和力而无内在活性的药物称为拮抗剂；13．治疗指数（CI）：药物的半数致死量与半数有效量的比值，是评价其安全性的指标，化疗药物的治疗指数也称为化疗指数。
14．特异质反应：某些特异体质的病人会对某些药物产生特别敏感的反应。
15．内在拟交感活性：某些β受体阻断剂对其仍有一定程度的激动作用称为内在拟交感活性，当体内儿茶酚胺耗竭时，应用β受体阻断剂可出现此类效应。
药学考研英语试题及答案
药学考研英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "pharmacology" refers to the study of:A) The origin of drugsB) The effects of drugs on living organismsC) The physical properties of drugsD) The synthesis of drugs答案：B2. Which of the following is not a type of drug administration?A) OralB) IntravenousC) InhalationD) Ultraviolet答案：D3. The primary function of a drug is to:A) Enhance physical strengthB) Treat diseasesC) Improve moodD) Stimulate appetite答案：B4. The term "therapeutic index" is used to describe:A) The ratio of a drug's effectiveness to its toxicityB) The ratio of a drug's cost to its effectivenessC) The ratio of a drug's dosage to its toxicityD) The ratio of a drug's dosage to its effectiveness答案：A5. Which of the following is not a method of drug analysis?A) ChromatographyB) SpectrophotometryC) ElectrophoresisD) Thermography答案：D6. The "half-life" of a drug refers to the time it takes for:A) The drug to be completely absorbedB) The drug to be completely metabolizedC) The drug's concentration to decrease by halfD) The drug's effectiveness to decrease by half答案：C7. The "bioavailability" of a drug indicates:A) How quickly the drug is absorbedB) How much of the drug reaches the systemic circulationC) The drug's effectiveness compared to a standardD) The drug's stability over time答案：B8. The "pharmacokinetics" of a drug involves the study of:A) How the body affects the drugB) How the drug affects the bodyC) The drug's chemical compositionD) The drug's manufacturing process答案：A9. The "pharmacodynamics" of a drug involves the study of:A) The drug's physical propertiesB) The drug's interactions with the body's receptorsC) The drug's chemical structureD) The drug's synthesis process答案：B10. The "therapeutic window" of a drug refers to:A) The range of dosages that are effective without causing toxicityB) The range of dosages that are ineffectiveC) The range of dosages that cause side effectsD) The range of dosages that are considered safe答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The process of a drug being absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body is known as____________.答案：pharmacokinetics2. A drug that is administered to a patient to treat a disease is called a ____________.答案：therapeutic agent3. The minimum concentration of a drug in the blood that is required to produce a therapeutic effect is known as the____________.答案：minimum effective concentration4. The maximum concentration of a drug in the blood that is safe to administer without causing toxicity is known as the ____________.答案：maximum safe concentration5. A drug that is administered to a patient to prevent a disease is called a ____________.答案：prophylactic agent6. The study of the mechanisms by which drugs produce their effects is known as ____________.答案：pharmacodynamics7. The process of a drug being broken down into simpler compounds within the body is known as ____________.答案：metabolism8. The process by which a drug is eliminated from the body is known as ____________.答案：excretion9. The study of the effects of drugs on living organisms is known as ____________.答案：pharmacology10. The process by which a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream is known as ____________.答案：absorption三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Describe the difference between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.答案：Pharmacokinetics is the study of how the bodyaffects the drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Pharmacodynamics is the study of how the drug affects the body, including the drug's interactions with the body's receptors and the mechanisms of drug action.2. Explain the importance of bioavailability in drug therapy.答案：Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation, which is。
药物英语期末试题及答案
药物英语期末试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is the correct English term for "抗生素"?A. AntibioticB. AntisepticC. AntitoxinD. Antivenom2. The term "药物代谢" in English is translated as:A. Drug metabolismB. Drug synthesisC. Drug absorptionD. Drug distribution3. The abbreviation "FDA" stands for:A. Federal Drug AdministrationB. Food and Drug AdministrationC. Federal Dietary AdministrationD. Food and Dietary Administration4. The process of "药物吸收" is known in English as:A. AbsorptionB. MetabolismC. ExcretionD. Distribution5. The term "药物相互作用" is translated into English as:A. Drug interactionB. Drug reactionC. Drug combinationD. Drug synergy6. Which of the following is the correct translation for "药物副作用"?A. Drug side effectB. Drug adverse effectC. Drug secondary effectD. Drug negative effect7. The abbreviation "OTC" refers to:A. Over The CounterB. On The CounterC. Out The CounterD. Off The Counter8. The term "药物耐受性" in English is:A. Drug toleranceB. Drug resistanceC. Drug dependenceD. Drug sensitivity9. The process of "药物排泄" is known in English as:A. ExcretionB. EliminationC. SecretionD. Ejection10. The term "药物剂量" is translated into English as:A. Drug dosageB. Drug amountC. Drug quantityD. Drug volume二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）11. The English term for "药物制剂" is __________.Answer: Pharmaceutical formulation12. The abbreviation "NDC" stands for __________.Answer: National Drug Code13. "药物过敏反应" is translated into English as __________. Answer: Drug allergy reaction14. The process of "药物作用机制" is known in English as__________.Answer: Mechanism of drug action15. The term "药物依赖性" is translated into English as__________.Answer: Drug dependence16. The abbreviation "IV" in medical terms refers to__________.Answer: Intravenous17. "药物处方" in English is __________.Answer: Drug prescription18. The process of "药物筛选" is known in English as__________.Answer: Drug screening19. The term "药物不良反应" is translated into English as__________.Answer: Adverse drug reaction20. The abbreviation "BID" stands for __________.Answer: Twice a day三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）21. Explain the difference between "Drug metabolism" and "Drug elimination".Answer: Drug metabolism refers to the process by whichthe body breaks down and modifies a drug into more easily excretable forms. Drug elimination, on the other hand, is the process by which the body removes the drug or its metabolites from the body, typically through the kidneys, liver, or lungs.22. What is the significance of "Drug-drug interactions" in clinical practice?Answer: Drug-drug interactions occur when two or more drugs affect each other's action or effectiveness. These interactions can lead to increased or decreased effectiveness, increased side effects, or even toxicity, which is why theyare significant in clinical practice to ensure patient safety and the effectiveness of treatment.四、论述题（每题15分，共40分）23. Discuss the importance of understanding "Drug resistance" in the context of antimicrobial therapy.Answer: Understanding drug resistance is crucial in antimicrobial therapy as it helps in the appropriate selection of antibiotics to prevent the development of resistant strains. It also guides the development of new antimicrobial agents and informs treatment strategies to combat infections caused by resistant pathogens.24. Elaborate on the role of "Pharmacovigilance" in ensuring patient safety.Answer: Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem. It plays a vital role in ensuring patient safety by monitoring the safety profile of marketed drugs, identifying risks, and taking appropriate regulatory actions to minimize harm to patients.五、翻译题（每题5分，共20分）25. Translate the following sentence into English: "药物的剂量应根据患者的具体情况来调整。
英文药理学考卷样题
英文药理学考卷样题一、选择题（每题2分，共40分）1. Which of the following is NOT a route of drug administration?A. OralB. IntravenousC. TransdermalD. InhalationE. Intramuscular2. The process which a drug enters the bloodstream is known as:A. AbsorptionB. DistributionC. MetabolismD. ExcretionE. Bioavailability3. Which of the following is a measure of the rate at which a drug leaves the bloodstream?A. HalflifeB. ClearanceC. Volume of distributionD. BioavailabilityE. Therapeutic index4. The drug concentration in the blood that produces a therapeutic effect is known as:A. Minimum effective concentrationB. Maximum effective concentrationC. Toxic concentrationD. Subtherapeutic concentrationE. Steadystate concentration5. Which of the following is a type of adverse drug reaction?A. AllergyB. ToleranceC. DependencyD. WithdrawalE. All of the above6. The study of how drugs interact with the body is known as:A. PharmacodynamicsB. PharmacokineticsC. PharmacognosyD. PharmacoepidemiologyE. Pharmacotherapy7. Which of the following is a phase I drug metabolism reaction?A. OxidationB. ReductionC. HydrolysisD. ConjugationE. All of the above8. Which organ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism?A. LiverB. KidneysC. LungsD. HeartE. Skin9. A drug that increases the activity of an enzyme is known as:A. InducerB. InhibitorC. AgonistD. AntagonistE. Allosteric modulator10. A drug that binds to a receptor and produces an effect is known as:A. AgonistB. AntagonistC. Inverse agonistD. Partial agonistE. Allosteric modulator11. Which of the following is a measure of a drug's potency?A. EC50B. ED50C. LD50D. TD50E. Therapeutic index12. Which of the following is a type of drug interaction?A. Drugdrug interactionB. Drugfood interactionC. Drugdisease interactionD. All of the aboveE. None of the above13. The process which a drug is transported across cell membranes is known as:A. Passive diffusionB. Active transportC. Facilitated diffusionD. OsmosisE. Pinocytosis14. Which of the following is a characteristic of a narrow therapeutic index drug?A. A wide margin of safetyB. A narrow margin of safetyC. High potencyD. Low potencyE. High specificity15. Which of the following is a phase II drug metabolism reaction?A. OxidationB. ReductionC. HydrolysisD. ConjugationE. All of the aboveA. Dry mouthB. ConstipationC. Blurred visionD. All of the aboveE. None of the above17. Which of the following is a centrally acting antihypertensive drug?A. MethyldopaB. ClonidineC. PropranololD. AtenololE. Hydrochlorothiazide18. Which of the following is a firstline treatment for hypertension?A. DiureticsB. BetablockersC. ACE inhibitorsD. Calcium channel blockersE. All of the aboveA. MyopathyB. RhabdomyolysisC. Liver dysfunctionD. All of the aboveE. None of the above20. Which of the following is a penicillinaseresistant penicillin?A. Penicillin GB. AmoxicillinC. AmpicillinD. OxacillinE. Cloxacillin二、填空题（每题2分，共30分）21. The process which a drug binds to a receptor and produces a biological response is known as ____________.22. The three phases of drug action are ____________, ____________, and ____________.23. The drug concentration in the blood that produces a therapeutic effect is known as the ____________ concentration.24. The ____________ is responsible for the conversion ofa drug into a more watersoluble一、选择题答案1. E2. A3. B4. B5. E6. A7. A8. A9. A10. A11. B12. D13. A14. B15. D16. D17. B18. E19. D20. E二、填空题答案21. Pharmacodynamics22. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism23. Therapeutic24. Liver1. 药物代谢动力学（Pharmacokinetics）药物吸收（Absorption）药物分布（Distribution）药物代谢（Metabolism）药物排泄（Excretion）药物浓度时间曲线（Concentrationtime curve）半衰期（Halflife）清除率（Clearance）分布容积（Volume of distribution）2. 药物效应动力学（Pharmacodynamics）药物作用机制（Mechanism of action）受体理论（Receptor theory）效应强度（Potency）治疗指数（Therapeutic index）药物副作用（Side effects）药物相互作用（Drug interactions）3. 药物分类与作用抗高血压药（Antihypertensives）抗菌药物（Antibiotics）抗胆碱能药物（Anticholinergic drugs）他汀类药物（Statins）各题型知识点详解及示例：选择题：考察学生对药物基本概念的理解，如药物代谢动力学和药物效应动力学的区别（题6、7、8）。
药剂英文试题及答案
药剂英文试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪个词是“药片”的英文表达？A. TabletB. CapsuleC. SyrupD. Injection2. “抗生素”在英文中怎么说？A. AntibioticB. AntiviralC. AntisepticD. Antihistamine3. 药剂学中“溶解度”的英文术语是什么？A. SolubilityB. AbsorptionC. DistributionD. Excretion4. “静脉注射”的英文缩写是？A. IMB. IVC. POD. SC5. 以下哪个不是药物的给药途径？A. OralB. IntravenousC. TopicalD. Aural6. “药物相互作用”在英文中如何表达？A. Drug interactionB. Drug reactionC. Drug allergyD. Drug overdose7. “生物利用度”的英文术语是什么？A. BioavailabilityB. BioequivalenceC. BiotransformationD. Bioaccumulation8. “药物动力学”的英文术语是什么？A. PharmacokineticsB. PharmacodynamicsC. PharmacogeneticsD. Pharmacovigilance9. “药物不良反应”的英文表达是什么？A. Adverse drug reactionB. Drug interactionC. Drug resistanceD. Drug tolerance10. “药物代谢”在英文中怎么说？A. Drug metabolismB. Drug synthesisC. Drug degradationD. Drug absorption二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 药物的________是指药物在体内的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄的过程。
大学药学英语期末复习资料
药学英语复习资料整理（修正版）Part II I. M ultiple choices（1.5’ x 10 =15’）医药知识选择题，部分来自于Unit 1 ,4, 6, 7, 8, 14 中Text A的课后的课文内容理解选择题。
Unit 1BACDC DDCCCUnit 4 CCDDB BCCDCUnit 6 ACBDD CDBDCUnit 7 CAABC ADDDBUnit 8 DCDBB DCABCUnit 14 DDBBD CABCCPart V. 2个名词解释，anabolism(P8), The synthesis of large molecules from smaller ones.metabolism(P8), It means all the chemical reactions in all the cells of the body , and includes all material and energy transformations that occur in the body.homeostasis(p8), The state maintenance of a constancy and balance in one’s internal environment.physiology(p8), The study of how living organisms work , the goal is to study the normal functions and their regular patterns of organs or organ systems of living organism .(P59) Pharmacokinetics deals with the absorption , distribution , biotransformation , and excretion of drugs.(P79) Bioavailability：The relative amount of an administered dose of a particular drug which reaches the systemic circulation intact and the rate at which this occurs is known as the bioavailability of that drug.(P93) Qualitative analysis deals with the identification of elements , ions , or compounds present in a sample.(P93) Quantitative analysis deals with the determination of how much of one or more constituents is present .Part V I. TranslationUnit One(1)The success of physiology in explaining how organisms perform their daily task is based on the notion that they are intricate and exquisite machines whose operation is governed by the laws of physics and chemistry.生理学成功解释了生物体如何进行他的日常活动，基于的观点是他们好比是结构复杂而灵活的机器，其操作受物理和化学规律的控制。
药剂英文试题及答案
药剂英文试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪个词表示“胶囊”？A. TabletB. CapsuleC. SyrupD. Ointment答案：B2. “口服”在药剂学中用英文怎么说？A. OralB. TopicalC. IntravenousD. Intramuscular答案：A3. 药剂学中，“溶解”的英文是什么？A. DissolveB. DiluteC. EvaporateD. Filter答案：A4. “注射剂”的英文表达是？A. InjectionB. ElixirC. SolutionD. Suspension5. “药片”的英文是？A. PillB. TabletC. CapsuleD. Syrup答案：B6. “外用”在药剂学中用英文怎么说？A. TopicalB. OralC. IntravenousD. Intramuscular答案：A7. “药膏”的英文是什么？A. OintmentB. CreamC. LotionD. Gel答案：A8. “药水”在药剂学中用英文怎么说？A. SolutionB. SuspensionC. EmulsionD. Syrup答案：D9. “药丸”的英文是？B. TabletC. CapsuleD. Syrup答案：A10. “药粉”的英文是什么？A. PowderB. GranulesC. PelletsD. Tablets答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 药剂学中，药物的____形式可以是液体、固体或气体。
答案：存在2. 药物的____是指药物在体内的分布、代谢和排泄过程。
答案：药动学3. 药剂学中，____是指药物的物理和化学性质。
答案：药物性质4. ____是指药物在体内产生治疗效果的能力。
答案：药效5. ____是指药物的剂量与产生治疗效果之间的关系。
答案：剂量-反应关系6. ____是指药物在体内达到最大浓度所需的时间。
药理学英文习题（教研室版）
药理学英文习题（教研室版）Ⅰ.Choice QuestionsType A1 .The half-life of a drug is2 hours, how much is the K?A. 0.1 (h-1)B. 0.2 (h-1)C. 0.3 (h-1)D. 0.35 (h-1)E. 2 (h-1)2. Which of the following statements about first-order kinetics elimination is true?A. The elimination rate is fastB. The elimination rate is slowC. There is no relationship between the amount of drug in the bodyand elimination rateD. The elimination of drug is in direct proportion to the bloodconcentration of the drugE. The elimination of drug is in inverse ratio to the amount of drugin the body3. As far as some drug is concerned, which of the following statements concerning the drug's combination with plasma protein is true?A. The higher the binding rate, the stronger the curative effectB. The lower the binding rate, the stronger the curative effectC. The higher the binding rate, the faster the excretionD. There is not relationship between binding rate and curative effectE. All of the above are incorrect4. Which of the following administrations can immediately reach the plateau concentration?A. Decreasing dose, increasing times of administrationB. Decreasing administering intervalC. Increasing administering intervalD. Administration of loading doseE. Frequent administration by iv5 .In general, the weak acid drugs in basic solution areA. weakly ionized, pass across the biomembrane easilyB. strongly ionized, pass across the biomembrane easilyC. strongly ionized, pass across the biomembrane hardlyD. weakly ionized, pass across the biomembrane hardlyE. all of above are incorrect6. If the stomach juice pH is1. 4 and plasma pH is7.4, how much is the drug concentration ratio of plasma to stomach juice for a weak acidic drug with pKa 5.4 when the distribution reach to equilibrium？A.50B.100C.1000D.10000E.0.17. All of the following statements are applicable to the sublingual route of administration EXCEPTA. plasma concentration decreased by first pass eliminationB. lipid soluble drugs will be absorbed rapidlyC. Irritant drugs should not be given by this routeD. blood flow through the mucosa is highE. taste of drugs limits the usefulness of this route8. Which of the following can be advisable to treat hemorrhage of digestive tract?A. Norepinephrine oral administrationB. Norepinephrine iv administrationC. Norepinephrine im administrationD. Norepinephrine subcutaneous injectionE. Adrenaline oral administration9. Phentolamine can most likely be used to treatA. peripheral arterial spasmB. angina pectorisC. arrhythmiaD. hypertensionE. peptic ulcer10. Which of the following drugs can be used to treat intoxication of succinylcholine?A. NeostigmineB. AtropineC. AdrenalineD. Pyraloxime methiodideE. Nikethamide11. Which of the following drugs can be administered sublingually or inhaled in treating bronchi asthma?A. AdrenalineB. IsoprenalineC. EphedrineD. PhenylephrineE. Aminophylline12. After injection of propranolol, the influence ofphentolamine on blood pressure isA. first up, then downB. up onlyC. down onlyD. first down, then upE. the same as before13. Which of the following drugs could pass through the blood-brain barrier and cause insomnia ?A. AdrenalineB. DopamineC. EphedrineD. IsoprenalineE. Norepinephrine14. Which of the following is not the contraindication ofβ-receptor blockers?A. chronic heart failureB. atrioventricular blockC. bronchial asthmaD. high blood pressureE. sinus bradycardia15. Which of the following drugs would be used to treat myasthenia gravis?A. AtropineB. NeostigmineC. AcetylcholineD. ScopolamineE. Carbachol16. Which of the following sympathomimetic agents will most likelylead to arrhythmia and ventricular fibrillation?A. EphedrineB. AdrenalineC. MetaraminolD. DopamineE. Norepinephrine17. In which of the following conditions atropine can most likely be contraindicatedA. GlaucomaB. Intestinal spasmC. Infective shockD. IridocyclitisE. All of above18. Which of the following drugs can be used to treat heart cardiac failurecaused by myocardial infarction?A. AtropineB. IsoprenalineC. DobutamineD. NorepinephrineE. Ephedrine19. Which of the following drugs is applicable to treat allergic shock?A. IsoproterenolB. AdrenalineC. NorepinephrineD. PhenoxybenzamineE. Atropine20 .All of the following statements about the action of neosynephrine are true EXCEPTA. long effective spanB. it is stronger than NE in decreasing the renal blood flowC. mydriasisD. it isn't used to enhance the intraocular pressureE. it can be used to treat paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia21. Which of the following drugs can most likely be used to treat infective shockand intractable heart failure?A.IsoprenalineB.PhentolamineC.PhenoxybenzamineD.ReserpineE.Atropine22. Renal vasodilation caused by dopamine is becauseA. it stimulates the renal α-receptorB. it stimulates the renal β1-receptorC. it stimulates the renal β2-receptorD. it stimulates the renal DA receptorsE. it stimulates the renal DA and M receptors23. A patient who has "spasms of accommodation"、miosis、increasedsweating and excessive salivation may have been givenA. a ganglionic blocking drugB. a muscarinic blocking drugC. an anticholinesterase drugD. a β1-adrenoceptor blocking drugE. an α-adrenoceptor blocking drug24. Which of the following therapeutic projects would be used in the treatment of patient withserious organophosphate intoxication?A. AtropineB. Atropine + neostigmineC. Atropine + pyraloxime methoiodideD. Atropine + norepinephrineE. Pyraloxime methoiodide25. Which of the following drugs can be used in treating the patient with atrioventricular block?A. adrenalineB. noradrenalineC. isoprenalineD. aramineE. propranolol26. Which of the following M-receptor blockers can be used in the treatment of motion sickness and Parkinsonism?A. atropineB. anisodamineC. scopolamineD. homatropineE. propantheline27. When phenobarbital poisoning, in order to reducing toxicity and promoting toxic substance excretion, we shouldA. apply acidic drug to decrease the pH of plasma and urineB. apply basic drug, to increase the pH of plasma and urineC. infuse intravenously dextran 40D. administer normal saline solutionE. administer 10% glucose intravenously28. Which of the following statements about extrapyramidal syndromecaused by chlorpromazine is correct?A. Blocking of DA receptors on nigrostriatal pathwayB. Blocking of DA receptors on middle brain-limbic system pathwayC. Blocking of DA receptors on middle brain-cortex pathwayD. Blocking of DA receptors on nodule infundibular pathwayE. All of the above are incorrect29. Lithium carbonate can be used in treating maniac becauseA. it increases the release of NA in brainB. it inhibits the release of NA and DA, and promotes the reabsorptionof NA and DAC. it increases the synthesis of NA in brainD. it decreases the synthesis of NA in brainE. it decreases the synthesis of NA and DA in brain30. Which of the following is the drug choice for status epilepticus?A. phenobarbitalB. phenytoin sodiumC. valproate sodiumD. carbamazepineE. diazepam31. To treat cardiac asthma we can selectA. isoprenalineB. asdrenalineC. pethidineD. atropineE. ephedrine32. Which of the following analgesic drugs can be used in artificial hibernation?A. pethidineB. morphineC. anadolD. methadoneE. fentanyl33. The analgesic mechanism of morphine isA. inhibition of morphine receptors in brainB. blocking morphine receptors in centerC. stimulating morphine receptors in centerD. inhibition of synthesis of PG in brainE. all of above are incorrect34. The drug that can be used in treating patients with various depression isA. chlorpromazineB. promethazineC. imipramineD. lithium carbonateE. trifluperazine35. Which of the following about saving the phenobarbital poisoning is INCORRECT?A. Infusing normal saline solution in a large doseB. Administration of sodium bicarbonate to basify urineC. Administration of strong diureticsD. Administration of ammonium chloride to acidify the body fluid and urineE. Washing the stomach in poisoning early36. Which of the following statements about the mechanism of aspirin’santipyretic effect is true?A. Inhibition of PG synthesis of temperature regulating centerB. Inhibition of DA synthesis of temperature regulating centerC. Promoting of PG synthesis of the temperature-regulating centerD. Promoting of DA synthesis of the temperature-regulating centerE. Direct dilation of blood vessel, increment of hot spread37. The main cause of death resulting from morphine poisoning isA. respiratory depressionB. dehydrationC. cardiac arrestD. shockE. acute renal failure38. Which is the drug choice in the treatment of absence seizures ?A. phenytoin sodiumB. carbamazepineC. amobarbitalD. ethosuximideE. glutethimide39. Which of the following statements about levodopa is incorrect?A.more effective for the mild and younger patients with ParkinsonismB. more effective for rigidity and akinesiaC. more effective for tremorD. onset slowE. can be used in hepatic coma40. The mechanism of vasodilation of nitroglycerin isA. vasodilating directlyB. blocking αreceptorC. producing NO, making blood vessels dilate after binding with it's receptor,D. stimulating β 2 receptor and causing vasodilationE. stimulating adenyl cyclase, to increase intracellular cAMPconcentration41. All of the following actions about lidocaine are correct EXCEPTA. inhibiting of myocardial contractive powerB. decrement of myocardial spontaneous rhythmicityC. relatively Lengthening of effective refractory periodD. improvement of conduction, canceling single conductive blockE. promotion of K+ outflow42. The drug that blocks αand βreceptors isA. propranololB. labetalolC. pindololD. timololE. nifedipine43. The drug that can cause lupus-like erythematosus syndrome isA. reserpineB. hydralazineC. prazosinD. clonidineE.α-methyldopa44. Which of the following arrhythmias is contraindication of cardiac glycoside?A. Atrial fibrillationB. V entricular tachycardiaC. Atrial flutterD. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardiaE. A+C45. The main and direct mechanism that cardiac glycosides treat congestive heart failure is thatA. it declines oxygen consumption of cardiac muscleB. it increases cardiac outputC. it shortens myocardial contractive timeD. it increases myocardial contractive powerE. it decreases sinus rhythm46. Which of the following drugs can stimulate β1、β 2 and DA receptors and can modifythe reaction of sympathetic nerve excitation caused by heart failure?A. AmrinoneB. MilrinoneC. IbopamineD. IsoprenalineE. Dopamine47.Which of the following is the drug choice in treatment of cerebral embolism andcerebral atherosclerosis?A. DiltiazemB. V erapamilC. FlunarizneD. NimodipineE. Prenylamine48 .Which of the following drugs can block α1receptorselectively and be well effective forchronic congestive heart failure caused by ischemic heart disease?A. Y ohimbineB. PhentolamineC. PrazosinD. CaptoprilE. Tolazoline49.The mechanism of antihypertension of captopril isA. inhibition of renin synthesisB. decrement of activity of reninC. inhibition of angiotensin converting enzymeD. decrement of kinin generationE. blocking an giotensin Ⅱreceptors50. In the following drugs, which one should not be chosen on patient with angina pectoris?A. clonidineB. propranololC. hydralazineD. prazosinE. hydrochlorothiazide51. Which of the following drugs should be selected to treat atrioventricular block caused by cardiac glycosides poisoning?A. sodium phenytoinB. lidocaineC. atropineD. verapamilE. propranolol52. In the following antiatherosclerotic drugs, which can protect arterial tunica?A. polysaccharide sulfateB. clofibrateC. cholestyramineD. probucolE. polyunsaturated fatty acid53. Which of the following is the drug choice for variant angina?A. propranololB. nitroglycerinC. diltiazemD. nimodipineE. segontin54. Which is the drug choice for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia?A. verapamilB. lidocaineC. quinidineD. procainamideE. propranolol55. Which of the following mechanisms best accounts for the diuretic effect of furosemide?A. Inhibition of the active reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- in medulla and cortex portions of thick ascending limb of Henle loopB. Inhibition of the active reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- in medulla portions of thick ascending limb of Henle loopC. Inhibition of the active reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- in cortex portions of thick ascending limb of Heonle loopD. Inhibition of the active reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- in cortes portions of thick ascending limb of Henle loop and distalconvoluted tubuleE. Decreasing of the renal blood blow and glomerular filtration rate56. Which of the following mechanisms best accounts for the anticoagulant effectof P-aminomenthylkenzoic acid (PAMBA)?A. Participation in the synthesis of thrombusB. Participation in the synthesis of factors Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、ⅩC. Inhibition of activating factor of plasminogen, thus inhibitingthe formation of plasminD. Promotion of platelet aggregationE. Contraction of capillary57. Which of the following drugs can protect gastric mucosa and eliminateHelicobacter pylori?A. ProglumideB. Colloidal bismuth subcitrateC. OmeprazoleD. CimetidineE. Sucralfate58. All of the following about furosemide are true EXCEPTA. potent diuretic effect, rapid onset of effectB. reducing renal vascular resistance, increasing blood flow of renalcortexC. poor absorption following oral administration, low bioavailabilityD. dilating small arteries and decreasing pre-and post-cardiac load.E. usually used to treat severe edema59. In which of the following conditions the deactivation of hydrocortisonewill be accelerated?A. Angina pectorisB. ThyroidismC. Chronic heart failureD. Renal insufficiencyE. Arrhythmia60. Which drug is used only to prevent the paroxysm of bronchial asthma?A. IsoprenalineB. Sodium cromoglycateC. AdrenalineD. EphedrineE. Ipratropine61. Which of the following glucocorticoids can't be used in patients with hepatic disease?A. CortisoneB. HydrocortisoneC. HydroprednisoneD. DexamethaxoneE. Betamethasone62. Which of the following mechanisms best accounts for the anticoagulant effect of heparin?A. Binding with antithromin III and accelerating the deactivation ofcoagulant factors consequentiallyB. Interfering with the utilization of V itK and decreasing of synthesisof coagulant factorsC. Inhibition of the platelet aggregationD. Inhibition of the activity of thrombaseE. Antagonism of the effect of thrombase63. Each of the following statements about mannitol is true EXCEPTA. it is difficult for it to permeate into the tissue fromcapillaries after intravascular injectionB. it can promote the excess water in tissue fluid permeate intoblood plasmaC. it is well absorbed in gastrointestinal tractD. it can increase blood volume, thus decrease the secretion ofaldosteroneE. it can increase cardiac load and cause heart failure64. Which of the following therapies is the best for a patient with status asthriticus?A.Aminophylline p.o.B.Hydrocortisone i.v.C.Inhaling sodium cromoglycateD.Inhaling beclomethasone dipropionateE.Salbutamol p.o.65. Which is the drug choice for thyrotoxic crisis?A. methylthiouracilB. propylthiouracilC. thiamazoleD. carbimazoleE. radioiodine66. Which of the following is not the clinical use ofhydrochlorothiazide?A. diabetes insipidusB. acute renal failureC. mild cardiac edemaD. primary hypercalciuriaE. hypertension67. In the following drugs, which has the strongest antiacidant action?A. ranitidineB. pirenzepineC. omeprazoleD.tripotassium dicitrate bismuthateE. aluminum hydroxide68. Which of the following statements about insulin is NOT true?A.It can cause hyperglycemic reactionB.It can’t be administrated orallyC.Its mechanism of action is through intracellular receptor pathwayD.It can be used in IDDM and NIDDME.It can cause anaphylactic reaction69. Which of the following mechanisms best accounts for the anti-thyroid effect of methylthiouracil？A. Inhibiting peroxidase and decreasing the thyroxin synthesisB. Inhibiting the thyroid releasingC. Inhibiting the absorption of iodineD. Interfering with the utilization of iodineE. Decomposing the thyroxin70. Which is the drug choice for infective endocarditis causedby streptococciA. penicillin GB. carbenicillineC. erythromycinD. lincomycinE. sulfamethoxazole71. Which of the following diseases will be caused by administering Primaquine on patients with deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase?A. Aplastic anemiaB. Hemolytic anemiaC. Iron deficiency anemiaD. ShockE. Convulsion72. Which of the following drugs is most effective in treating patient with tinea capitis?A. Amphotericin BB. GriseofulvinC. NystatinD. FlucytosineE. Clotrimazole73. All of the following statements about streptomycin are true EXCEPTA. it is effective against bacillus tubercleB. it isn't well absorbed following oral administrationC. it is effective against pseudomonas aeruginosaD. it damages acoustic nerveE. it can cause allergy reactions74. Tetracycline may cause all of the following adverse reaction EXCEPTA. gastrointestinal reactionsB. depressing the development of bone tissueC. allergic reactionD. depressing bone marrow depressionE. hepatic damage75. The severe adverse reaction of chloramphenicol isA. hepatic damageB. bone marrow depressionC. allergic reactionsD. gastrointestinal reactionsE. nerve deafness76. Which of the following drugs may cause secondary infection whenbeing used for a long time?A. SulfadiazineB. StreptomycinC. GendamycinD. PenicillinE. Tetracycline77. Which of the following drugs belongs to the first generation cephalosporinsA. CefamandoleB. CefazolinC. CefuroxineD. CefotaxineE. Cefoperazone78. The drug choice for acute or chronic suppurative osteomylitis or arthritis isA.vancomycinB.medecamycinD.lincomycinE.streptomycin79. Which of the following antineoplastic drugs does not have significant myelosuppressive effects but can cause pulmonaryfibrosis?A. fluorouracil (5-FU)B. methotrexate (MTX)C. cytarabine (Arac)D. bleomycin (BLM)E. vincristin (VCR)80. All of the following statements about isoniazid are true EXCEPT thatA. it can inhibit the synthesis of mycolic acidB. it can induce toleranceC. it can cause neurotoxicityD. it can cause hepatotoxicityE. it can cause renal dysfunctionTYPE X81.OndansetronA.is a 5-TH3 receptor antagonistB.can treat motion sicknessC.has a potent antiemetic effectD.has antiemetic effect by blocking DA receptorE.can not antagonize vomiting caused by apomorphine82.A yong woman surffering from urinary infection caused by a G- bacillus can be given A.penicillin G B.SIZC.gentamicinD.pipemidic acid83.Metronidazole can be used in treatment ofA.acute amebic dysenteryB.tetanusC.anthraxD.trichomoniasisE.tuberculosis84.Glucocorticoids can be given the patient withA.chickenpoxB.intoxicant shockC.psychosisD.peptic ulcerE.asthma85.OmeprazoleA.can inhibit the last step for secretion of H+ in the parietat cellB.is the most powerful inhibitor of gastric acid excretion up-to-dateC.can stimulate G cell secreting gastrinD.can inhibit the function of H+ pumpE.can improve the symptom of the patients with Zollige-Ellison syndrome86.the adverse reactions caused by glucocorticoids includeA.inducing or aggravating peptic ulcerB.inducing hyperkalemiaC.inducing psychosisD.inducing osteoporosisE.iducing hypoglycemia87. Drugs that are effctive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa areA.carbencillinB.cefazolin/doc/ef12978094.html,ilmic inD.ciprofloxacinE.sulfamylon88.Drugs that can cause peripheral neuritis areA.isoniazidB.griseoflavinC.nitrofurandoinD.tetracyclineE.amikacin89.Erythromycin can be used for patints withA.mycoplasmal pneumoniaB.Legionerre,s diseaseC.GI paralysisD.typhoidE.whooping cough90.Furosemide can causeA.ototoxicityB.hyperuricemiaC.hyperchloremiaD.hypokalcemiaE.hypoazotemia91.Thiazide diuretics can be used inA.hypertensionB.heart failureC.hypercalcemiaD.glaucomaE.diabetes insipidus92.Phenytoin can induceA,sedative effect B.antiepilepic effect C.gingival hyperplasiaD.increase in metabolismE.relieve inflammation93.Caffeine can cause/doc/ef12978094.html,S stimulationB.constriction of blood vessels of brainC.relaxion of branchial muscleD.diuresisE.blurred vision94.ProcaineA.is a local anaestheticB.is eliminated with zero-order kineticC.affects the antibiotic effects of sulfonamidesD.can cause anphylaxisE.its absorption is affected by humeral pH95.Which of the following drugs is(are) immunosuppressive agentA.levamizoleB.chloroquinineC.cyclosporin AD.6-MPE.alkylating agentsⅡ. Term Explanationfirst pass eliminationbioavailabilityblood-brain barrierhepatic enzyme inducerenterohepatic cyclefirst-order elimination kineticszero-order elimination kineticssteady-state concentrationhalf lifeadverse reactionside reactionresidual effectmedian effective dosetherapeutic indexplaceboaspirin asthmareentryreverse use-dependencefirst-dose phenomenontrough-peak ratioinsulin resistanceantibacterial drugschemotherapeuticsantibioticsantibacterial spectrumantibacterial activitywide antibacterial drugsbacteriostaticbactericideminimal inhibitory concentrationminimal bactericidal concentrationchemotherapeutic indexpost-antibiotic effectsuperinfectionsmultidrug resistanceⅢ. Assay Questions1. Describe the mechanisms and therapeutic uses of benzodiazepines.2. Set out four kinds of antihypertensive drugs and describe their major beneficial properties.3. Describe the properties of cephalosporins.4.Describe the analgesic mechanism and major untoward effects of morphine.5.Describe the beneficial effects of captopril (an ACE inhibitor) used in treatment of hypertension.6.What are the shared properties of aminoglycosides.7.Please explain the mechanism of morphine in treating patients with cardiac asthma.8.How do you manage patients with toxication of cardiac glycoside./doc/ef12978094.html,pare the effects of aspirin with chlorpromazine on body temperature.10.please tell the adverse reactions induced by chlorpromazine in treating psychosis.。
药理学练习题(英文)
药理学练习题(英文）Chpt. 01 IntroductionStudy Questions1. Which of the following is not included in the study of pharmacology? BA. drug effectsB. drug formulationC. drug absorptionD. drug metabolismE. mechanism of drug action2. Which of the following statements is wrong? DA. drugs are usually chemicalsB. drugs are used to prevent diseasesC. drugs can regulate physiological processes of the bodyD. drugs are used in physical therapyE. drugs are used in chemotherapy3. What is the subject that is often defined as the science of substances used to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease? AA. medical or clinical pharmacologyB. basic pharmacologyC. toxicologyD. pharmacodynamicsE. pharmacokinetics4. What is the subject that is the branch of pharmacology and deals with the undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems? CA. medical pharmacologyB. basic pharmacologyC. toxicologyD. pharmacodynamicsE. pharmacokineticsAnswers1. B2. D3. A4. CChpt. 02 pharmacokineticsStudy Questions1. Patients can exhibit alterations in the rate and extent of drug absorption because of various factors. All of the following factors might affect the rate and/or extent of drug absorption EXCEPT: EA. Gastric emptying timeB. Intestinal motilityC. The presence of foodD. The formulation of the drugE. The same batch of the drug2. All of the following statements concerning the blood-brain barrier and the passage of drugs from the systemic circulation into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are TRUE EXCEPT: AA. Ionized drugs are more likely to cross into the CSF than un-ionized drugs.B. The higher the lipid solubility of a drug, the more likely it will cross into the CSF.C. Inflammation of the meninges improves the likelihood that drugs will cross the blood-brain barrier as compared to the uninflamed state (i.e., normal condition).D. P glycoprotein serves to pump drugs back into the systemic circulation from endothelial cells lining the blood-brain barrier.E. Un-ionized drugs are more likely to cross into the CSF than ionized drugs.3. Concerning regulation of CYP-mediated drug metabolism, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT AA. Drugs that competitively inhibit CYP enzymes cause a decrease in concentrations of the object (original) drug.B. Induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes results in a decrease in concentrations of the object (original) drug, thus potentially reducing efficacy.C. Induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes frequently requires the synthesis of new enzyme protein and thus may not occur immediately upon introduction of the inducing agent.D. Drugs that induce CYP enzymes can cause a decrease in concentrations of themselves.E. Drugs that inhibit CYP enzymes can cause an increase in concentrations of themselves.4. Conjugation of a drug with glucuronic acid via the glucuronosyl transferases will result in all of the following EXCEPT EA. Production of a more water-soluble moiety that is more easily excretedB. A new compound that may also possess pharmacological activityC. A drug molecule that may be more susceptible to biliary eliminationD. A drug molecule that may undergo enterohepatic recirculation and reintroduction into the bloodstreamE. A drug with a different pharmacological mechanism of action5. Concerning the renal excretion of drugs: CA. Drugs that are ionized in the renal tubule are more likely to undergo passive reabsorption than those that are unionizedB. Low-molecular-weight drugs are much more likely to be actively secreted than filtered.C. Only drug that is not bound to plasma proteins (i.e., free drug) is filtered by the glomerulus.D. Decreasing renal tubular fluid pH will increase elimination of weakly acidic drugs.E. Decreasing renal tubular fluid pH will decrease elimination of weakly basic drugs.6. Organs such as the liver remove exogenous chemicals, such as drugs, from the body. For drugs such as phenytoin, for which the difference between the minimum effective concentration and the minimum toxic concentration is small, clinicians must calculate the rate at which a given individual removes drug from the body. The volume of fluid from which drug can be completely removed per unit of time (rate of drug removal) is termed: BA. DistributionB. ClearanceC. MetabolismD. ExcretionE. Elimination7. Volume of distribution (Vd), though not a physiological volume, helps a clinician to estimate drug distribution in the body. Drugs distribute throughout the body to differing degrees depending on a number of factors. Which of the following factors is TRUE concerning drug distribution? AA. In general, a drug with a higher degree of plasma protein binding will have a lower volume of distribution.B. All drugs distribute to the same degree in all tissues.C. The binding of drugs to tissues has no relationship to the distribution of drug in the body.D. In general, lipophilic drugs distribute to a lesser extent than hydrophilic drugs.E. In general, a drug with a lower degree of plasma protein binding will have a lower volume of distribution.8. A clinician must be concerned with the amount of a drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation, since this will affect the plasma concentration and therapeutic effects observed. The fraction of a dose reaching the systemic circulation as unchanged drug (i.e., intact) is defined as: CA. Theoretical doseB. CmaxC. BioavailabilityD. Ideal doseE. Loading doseChpt. 03 PharmacodynamicsStudy Questions1. Receptors are macromolecules that CA. Are designed to attract drugsB. Are resistant to antagonistsC. Exist as targets for physiological neurotransmitters and hormonesD. Are only on the outer surface of cellsE. Are only inside of cells2. All of the following are capable of initiating a signal transduction process EXCEPT BA. Combination of an agonist with its receptorB. Combination of an antagonist with its receptorC. Combination of a neurotransmitter with its receptorD. Combination of a hormone with its receptorE. Combination of a cytokine with its receptor3. Under which dosage that a drug´s adverse reaction is called its side effect? AA. therapeutic doseB. ineffective doseC. maximum doseD. LD50E. toxic dose4. Which of the following can only be used as quantal response parameter? BA. blood pressureB. deathC. body temperatureD. breathing rateE. heart beat5. A receptor agonist usually EA. has no affinity.B. has no intrinsic activity.C. has affinity but has no intrinsic activity.D. has intrinsic activity but has no affinity.E. has both affinity and intrinsic activity.Chpt. 04 Factors that influence drug efficacyStudy Questions1. For each type of drug interaction below, which pair of substances interact at receptor level? CA. tetracycline and milkB. Phenobarbital and caffeineC. Isoproterenol and propranololD. L-dopa and carbidopaE. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim2. For each type of drug interaction below, which pair of substances interact at physiologic level?B.A. tetracycline and milkB. Phenobarbital and caffeineC. Isoproterenol and propranololD. L-dopa and carbidopaE. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim3. Which of the following term is most likely to be associated with a rapid reduction in the effect of a given dose of a drug after only one or two doses BA. SupersensitivityB. TachyphylaxisC. ToleranceD. HyposensitivityE. Anaphylaxis4. A drug M is injected intravenously into a laboratory subject. It is noted to have high serum protein binding. Which of the following is most likely to be increased as a result? AA. Drug interactionB. Distribution of the drug to tissue sitesC. Renal excretionD. Liver metabolismE. BioavailabilityChpt. 05 Introduction to autonomic pharmacologyStudy Questions1. All of the following types of cells are innervated by the autonomic nervous system EXCEPT: BA. Smooth muscle of blood vesselsB. Skeletal muscleC. Sinoatrial nodeD. Salivary glandsE. Intestinal smooth muscle2. The radial smooth muscle of the iris is innervated by: AA. Primarily sympathetic noradrenergic neuronsB. Primarily sympathetic cholinergic neuronsC. Primarily parasympathetic noradrenergicneuronsD. Primarily parasympathetic cholinergic neuronsE. Equally by sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons3. α1-Adrenoceptors are prominently involved in which one of the following?EA. Cardiac accelerationB. Intestinal relaxationC. Cardiac contractilityD. Presynaptic inhibitionE. VasoconstrictionChpt. 06 Acetylcholine receptor agonistStudy Questions1. Indication of methacholine is: AA. Xerostomia and Measurement of bronchial hyperactivity in bronchoscopyB. Cardiac arrest and migraine prophylaxisC. Severe recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmiasD. Migraine prophylaxis and xerostomiaE. Hereditary prolonged QT syndrome and cardiac arrest2. Indication of carbachol is: CA. ShockB. AsthmaC. GlaucomaD. Eye surgeryE. Acute hypertension3.Indication of bethanecol is: EA. Severe recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmias and urinary retentionB. Pheochromocytoma and gastric retentionC. Sinus tachycardia and flatulenceD. Movement disorders and gastric atoniaE. Postoperative ileus and gastric atonia4. Which of the following is not associated with pilocarpine? EA. stimulation of M-receptorB. treatment of glaucomaC. treatment of IritisD. to result in miosisE. to result in cycloplegiaAnswers1.A2.C3.E4.EChpt. 07 Anticholinesterase drugs and Acetylcholinesterase reactivators Study Questions1. Mechanism of action of neostigmine is: DA. Depletes catecholaminesB. Induces catecholamine release from axonal terminalC. beta-2 agonistD. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitorE. beta agonist2. Compared with neostigmine, the feature of pyridostigmine is: BA.Short half-lifeB.Longer duration of actionC.Faster in onset of effectD.Strong M receptor activating activityE.Only used in treatment of myasthenia gravis3. Which of the following drugs is used for diagnosis of myasthenia gravis DA. neostigmineB. pyridostigmineC. physostigmineD. edrophoniumE. ambenonium4. Which of the following drugs is an acetylcholinesterase reactivator? DA. neostigmineB. atropineC. demecariumD. PralidoximeE. ambenoniumChpt. 08，09 Cholinoceptor blocking drugsStudy Questions1. Indication of atropine is: CA. Gastric ulcer provoked by emotion or exerciseB. PheochromocytomaC. Bradycardia by marked reflex vagal discharge.D. GlaucomaE. Cardiac stimulation by emotion or exercise2. Indication of Scopolamine is: EA. Gastric ulcerB. PheochromocytomaC. Cardiac stimulationD. GlaucomaE. pre-anaesthetic medication3. Mechanism of action of Pirenzepine is: AA. M1 receptor antagonistB. M1 receptor agonistC. alpha-1 receptor agonistD.alpha-1 receptor antagonistE. beta-1 antagonist.4. Which of the following drugs is used for relaxation of skeletal muscle? EA. PralidoximeB. CarbacholC. PhysostigmineD. NeostigmineE. SuccinylcholineChpt 10 Adrenocepter agonistsStudy Questions1. Indication of norepinephrine is: DA. AsthmaB. Biliary colicC. Bladder motility stimulationD. Hypotension induced by drug intoxicationE. Myasthenia gravis2. Which of the following is not related to phenylephrine? CA. is not readily hydrolyzed by COMT and MAOB. induces mydriasisC. is hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesteraseD. treatment of supraventricular tachycardiaE. treatment of nasal mucosal congestion3. Which of the following statements is wrong concerning adrenaline? BA. activates α and β receptorsB. constricts coronary vesselC. dilates arterioles in skeletal muscleD. is used in the treatment of anaphylactic shockE. is contraindicated in patients with hypertension4. Which of the following statements is wrong regarding Ephedrine? DA. is αand β agonistB. promotes the release of NAC. relaxes renal arteryD. is orally inactiveE. has central excitatory action5. Which of the following statements is wrong concerning Isoprenaline? EA. is a β agonistB. relaxes bronchial muscleC. is used in the treatment of cardiac arrestD. is contraindicated in patients with myocarditisE. is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidismChpt. 11 Adrenoceptor AntagonistsStudy Questions1. Which of the following actions of epinephrine (adrenalin) would be antagonized by prazosin but not by propranolol? BA. Increase in heart rateB. Increase in blood pressureC. Release of reninD. Bronchiolar dilationE. Glycogenolysis2. Which of the following βreceptor antagonists has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity? EA. PropranololB. TimololC. NadololD. AtenololE. Pindolol3. All of the following βreceptor antagonists are selective forβ1 receptor EXCEPT FOR: AA. TimololB. AcebutololC. AtenololD. MetoprololE. EsmololAnxiolytics and Sedative-hypnotics1．Which of the following is a competitive benzodiazepine receptor antagonist? bA. ChlordiazepoxideB. FlumazenilC. KetamineD. MidazolamE. Triazolam2. Which of the following is not associated with enhancement of the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid EA. ChordiazepoxideB. PhenobarbitalC. DiazepamD. Valproic acidE. Chlorpromazine3. Which of the following is not the indication of diazepam EA. Treatment of anxietyB. Treatment of status epilepticusC. Short-term treatment of insomniaD. Adjunctive treatment of spastic muscular paresis caused by cerebral or spinal cord conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury.E. Treatment of schizophrenia4. Which of the following is not a sedative? CA. BuspironeB. Chloral hydrateC. MethylphenidateD. MeprobamateE. Triazolam1．There should be little argument that nowadays the only medically justified long-term use of phenobarbital is for managing which of the following conditions? CB. alcohol withdrawal signs/symptomsB. Anxiety managementC. Certain epilepsiesD. Endogenous depressionE. Sleep disorders such as insomnia2．A young boy who has been treated for epilepsy for a year is referred to an oral surgeon for evaluation and probable treatment of massive overgrowth of his gingival tissues. Some teeth arealmost completely covered with hyperplastic tissue. Which of the following drugs is associated with this finding? DA. CarbamazepineB. LorazepamC. PhenobarbitalD. PhenytoinE. Valproic acid3. All of the following statements concerning carbamazepine are true EXCEPT (B)A. It stabilizes the inactivated state of sodium channels, making brain cells less excitable.B. It is used for treating myoclonic epilepsy.C. It is used for treating trigeminal neuralgia.D. It is used for treating mania.E. It is used for treating generalized seizures of the grand mal type.1．A patient who has been treated with levodopa is switched to a regimen with a proprietary product that contains both levodopa and carbidopa. What is the main role of carbidopa in this approach? Da. Block Ach release in the CNS, thereby facilitating levodopa’s ability to restore a dopamine-Ach balance.b. Help activate dietary vitamin B6, a deficiency of which occurs during levodopa therapyc. Increase permeability of the blood-brain barrier to levodopa, giving levodopa better access to the CNSd. Inhibit metabolic conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the gute. Reduce levodopa-induced hypotension by blocking vascular dopamine receptors2．Which of the following drugs specifically enhances the activity of brain dopamine by inhibiting the metabolic inactivation of dopamine? Ba. Benzatropineb. Selegilinec. Pergolided. Bromocriptinee. Chlorpromazine3．A patient who has been treated for parkinson’s disease for about a year presents with purplish, mottled changes to her skin. Which of the following is the most likely cause? Aa. Amantadineb. Bromocriptinec. Levodopa (alone)d. Levodopa combined with carbidopae. Selegiline1．A woman develops akathisia, a Parkinson-like syndrome, galactorrhea, and amenorrhea, duringdrug therapy. These responses reflect which of the following? CA. Blockade of muscarinic receptorsB. Blockade of α-adrenergic receptorsC. Blockade of dopamine receptorsD. Supersensitivity of dopamine receptorsE. Stimulation of nicotinic receptors2．Which of the following antidepressants selectively inhibits neuronal serotonin (5-HT) reuptake and has minimal effect on the reuptake of norepinephrine or dopamine? BA. NortriptylineB. FluoxetineC. ImipramineD. MaprotilineE. Trazodone3．Chlorpromazine is prescribed for a patient with schizophrenia. Which other signs/symptoms that the patient may also have might be beneficially affected by the drug? CA. EpilepsyB. HypotensionC. Nausea and vomitingD. Urinary retention, as from prostatic hypertrophyE. Xerostomia (dry mouth)4．After a few weeks on a drug, a patient reports profound thirst and the production of copious volumes of clear (dilute) urine each day. This is a fairly common, and unique, side effect of which of the following? DA. DiazepamB. FluoxetineC. HaloperidolD. LithiumE. Phenytoin5．Clozapine is prescribed for a patient with a psychiatric disorder. Which of the following is the most serious side effect or adverse response for which we must monitor? AA. AgranulocytosisB. Extrapyramidal side effects (parkinsonian)C. HypoglycemiaD. Hypotension, severeE. Ventilatory depression or arrestI. A-type choice questions1. Mo rphine produces its analgesic effect byA. blocking muscarinic cholinergic receptorsB. inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in peripheralC. blocking sodium channelsD. activating μ opioid receptors in CNSE. blocking κ opioid receptors in CNSAnswer: D2. Death from overdosage of opioid analgesics usually result from BA. cardiac arrestB. respiratory depressionC. seizureD. shockE. hypertensive crisisAnswer: B3. Which of the following statement concerning opioid analgesics is true? EA. Morphine is well absorbed, and has high bioavailability via the oral route of administrationB. Opioid analgesics decrease ureteral and bladder toneC. Abstinence syndrome of narcotic-analgesics can be prevented by naloxoneD. Opioid analgesics are appropriate for the treatment of chronic mild painE. Opioid analgesics can be used to treat diarrheaAnswer: E4. Which of the flowing is not true for methadone? DA. Morphine congenerB. High oral bioavailabilityC. Half life is longer than morphineD. Tolerance and dependence develops rapidlyE. Used in substitution therapy for opioid withdrawal syndromeAnswer: DI. A-type choice questions1. Important effects of aspirin include all of the following except for: DA. Reduction of feverB. Reduction of prostaglandin synthesis in inflamed tissuesC. Respiratory stimulation when taken in toxic dosageD. Reduction of bleeding tendencyE. Tinnitus and vertigoAnswer: D2. Which is the best choice to reduce fever for a patient with peptic ulcer? BA. AspirinB. AcetaminophenC. IndomethacinE. NaproxenAnswer: B3. Which of the following is not the contraindication of aspirin? EA. Peptic ulcerB. Renal failureC. HaemophiliaD. AsthmaE. Arterial thrombogenesisAnswer: E4. In treating rheumatoid arthritis, NSAIDs are not effective in CA. relieving inflammation symptoms for more than one monthB. relieving the pain associated with the diseaseC. stopping the progression of the diseaseD. decreasing PG-induced increases in swelling and edemaE. enabling patients to effectively have joint functionAnswer: CChapter 21 Calcium Channel Blockers1. All of the following statements regarding calcium channel blockers are true EXCEPT: AA. They cause relaxation of venous smooth muscle at normal doses.B. They cause vasodilation of arterioles at normal doses.C. They inhibit L-type calcium channels.D. They have little effect on receptor-operated calcium channels.E. They are widely used in the treatment of angina pectoris, arrhythmia and hypertension.(A)2.All of the following statements regarding verapamil are true EXCEPT: CA. It markedly increases AV node effective refractory period.B. It depresses sinus node automaticity.C. It increases the rate of Purkinje fiber phase-0 depolarization.D. It is not effective in preventing or suppressing most ventricular arrhythmias.E. It is an effective preventive medication for migraine.(C)3. This drug is in the class of calcium channel blockers known as the dihydropyridines. DA. FlunarizineB. VerapamilC. DiltiazemE. Prenylamine(D)4. This drug is the first choice in calcium channel blockers for the treatment of prinzmetal’s (vasospastic) angina. CA. DiltiazemB. VerapamilC. NifedipineD. PrenylamineE. Perhexiline(C)Chapter 22 Drugs used in cardiac arrhythmias1. All of the following statements regarding amiodarone are true EXCEPT: BA. In the USA, amiodarone is approved for oral and intravenous use to treat serious ventricular arrhythmias.B. It is not effective in the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation.C. It markedly prolongs the action potential duration (and the QT interval on the ECG) by blockade of I Kr.D. Dose-related pulmonary toxicity is its most important adverse effect and fatal pulmonary fibrosis may be observed in 1% of patients.E. The skin deposits result in a photodermatitis and a gray-blue skin discoloration in sun-exposed areas, eg, the malar regions.2. This drug is used in treating supraventricular tachycardias. AA. DigoxinB. DobutamineC. MexiletineD. DopamineE. Lidocaine(A)3. In patients with structural heart disease (such as a history of myocardial infarction, or left ventricular dysfunction) and also patients with ventricular arrhythmias, the drug actually increases the chance of suffering a fatal arrhythmia. DA. PropranololB. ProcainamideC. LidocaineD. FlecainideE. Verapamil4. This drug is useful in terminating atrial tachycardias, but not ventricular tachycardias. DA. FlecainideB. SotalolC. LidocaineD. VerapamilE. Phenytoin(D)5. This is a drug of choice for acute treatment of ventricular tachycardias. CA. FlecainideB. SotalolC. LidocaineD. VerapamilE. Propranolol(C)Chapter 23 ACE inhibitors and AT1 blokersA 型选择题：1. Which of the following enzymes is inhibited by captopril? DA. AcetylcholinesteraseB. Choline-O-acetyltransferaseC. COMTD. AngiotensinⅠconverting enzymeE. DOPA decarboxylase2．Which of the following is not the clinical indication of captopril? EA. Mild essential hypertensionB. Moderate essential hypertensionC. Hypertension with congestive heart failureD. Hypertension in Renal Diseases associated with diabetes mellitusE. Bilateral renal artery stenosis3．Which of the following adverse reactions is the common reason leading to withdrawal of captopril? AA. Persistent dry coughB. RashC. DizzinessD. AlopeciaE. Hyperkalemia4. All of the following statements regarding losartan are correct EXCEPT: AA. It is an angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor agonist.B. Hyperkalemia can result from its administration.C. It is an alternative for patients who develop intractable cough associated with ACE inhibitors.D. It is contraindicated in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.E. It is indicated in essential hypertension.Chapter 24 Diuretics and dehydrants1. This drug acts at the proximal tubule. AA. AcetazolamideB. AmilorideC. FurosemideD. HydrochlorothiazideE. Spironolactone(A)2. This drug acts by competing with aldosterone for its cytosolic receptors. EA. AcetazolamideB. AmilorideC. FurosemideD. HydrochlorothiazideE. Spironolactone(E)3. This drug needs aldosterone present in order to be effective. DA. FurosemideB. AcetazolamideC. AmilorideD. SpironolactoneE. Hydrochlorothiazide(D)4. This drug blocks the sodium/potassium/chloride cotransporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle. BA. AcetazolamideB. FurosemideC. HydrochlorothiazideD. AmilorideE. Spironolactone(B)5. Furosemide acts at this nephron site:A. Proximal convoluted tubuleB. Ascending thick limb of the loop of HenleC. Distal convoluted tubuleD. Collecting ductE. Both C and D(B)Chapter 25 Antihypertensive drugs1. This drug is sometimes part of fixed-dose combinations used to treat essential hypertension. AA. HydrochlorothiazideB. AmilorideC. AcetazolamideD. SpironolactoneE. Mannitol(A)2. This drug reduces blood pressure by actions on cardiovascular control centers in the CNS. BA. LabetalolB. ClonidineC. EnalaprilD. NifedipineE. Nitroprusside(B)3. All of the following statements regarding vasodilators are true EXCEPT: BA. Hydralazine causes tachycardia.B. Fenoldopam is a dopamine receptor antagonist.C. Nitroprusside dilates both arterioles and veins.D. Minoxidil can cause hypertrichosis.E. Pinacidil can produce fluid retention.(B) (Note: Fenoldopam is a selective D1 receptor partial agonist)4. All of the following statements regarding verapamil are true EXCEPT: BA. It blocks L-type calcium channels.B. It increases heart rate.C. It relaxes coronary artery smooth muscle.D. It depresses cardiac contractility.E. It is a class IV antiarrhythmic.(B)5. All of the following statements regarding the use of diuretics for the treatment of hypertension are true EXCEPT: DA. Mild hypertension can often be managed by treatment with thiazide diuretics alone.B. High-ceiling (loop) diuretics (e.g. furosemide ) are generally reserved for advanced hypertension in the presence of kidney or heart failure.C. Combination therapy with two or more drugs typically includes a diuretic preparation.D. Potassium-sparing diuretics such as triamterene are especially useful in combination with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.E. When administered acutely thiazides lower blood pressure by causing diuresis, a fall in plasma volume and a reduction in cardiac output.(D)Chapter 26 Drugs used in congestive heart failure1. All of the following statements regarding cardiac glycosides are true EXCEPT:A. They inhibit the Na+/K+-ATPase and thereby increase intracellular Ca++ in myocardial cells. BB. They cause a decrease in vagal tone.C. Children tolerate higher doses of digitalis than do adults.D. The most frequent cause of digitalis intoxication is concurrent administration of diuretics that deplete K+.E. A and C(B)2. All of the following statements regarding cardiac glycosides are true EXCEPT: BA. They inhibit the activity of the Na+/K+-ATPase. BB. They decrease intracellular concentrations of calcium in myocytes.C. They increase vagal tone.D. They have a very low therapeutic index.E. A and C(B)3. All of the following statements regarding cardiac glycoside-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias are true EXCEPT: CA. Lidocaine is a drug of choice in treatment.B. Digibind should be used in life-threatening cases.C. They occur more frequently in patients with hyperkalemia than those with hypokalemia.D. They are more likely to occur in patients with a severely damaged heart.E. A and B(C)4. All of the following statements regarding digitalis are true EXCEPT: AA. It increases the rate of calcium efflux from cardiac myocytes.B. It inhibits the sodium-potassium ATPase.C. It does not reduce overall mortality in patients with heart failure compared with placebo.。
药学英语复习题及单词
翻译1.化学家感兴趣的是物质的成分和性质，以及他们在化学反应中所发生的变化。
The chemist is interested in the composition and properties of substances and the transformations they undergo during a chemical reaction.2.如果没有麻醉，今天外科大夫所施行的精细手术是不可能的。
The delicate operations performed by surgeons today would not be possible without anesthetics,3.化疗是通过施用化学物质来杀灭体内病原体或阻止其生长的治疗方法。
Chemotherapy is the treatment of disease by the administration of chemical substances which kill or prevent the growth of pathogenic organisms within the body.4.由药物产生的奇怪的思维状态对理解精神病的病因或治疗精神病并没有多大帮助。
The strange mental states produced by drugs did not help much towards understanding the cause of, or finding treatments for insanity.5.在医院，许多新药正在使用，预期这些药品产生一些特定的效果，并且从总体上希望尽可能少的副作用。
In hospitals a number of new drugs were being used. These drugs were intended to have specific effects and on the whole it was hoped that they would have as few side-effects as possible.6.由于采用了现代分离和药理试验方法，新的植物药通常是设法制成提纯物后应用于医疗的。
药理选择英文版
Choose one correct answer (单选题)1.Pharmacology is ( )A.PharmacodynamicsB.PharmacokineticsC.Mechanism of drug actionD.Studies of interactions between drug and bodyE.Subject related to the medicinal chemistry and physiology2.药理学是研究( )A．药物效应动力学B．药物代谢动力学C．药物作用机理D．药物与机体相互作用的规律E．与药物学和生理学相关的学科3.The contents of pharmcodynamics are ( )A.Clinical effect of drugB.Mechanism of drug actionC.The process that action of drug on the bodyD.Factors affecting the drug effectE.Factors affecting the drug process in the body4.药效学研究的内容是( )A．药物的临床疗效B．药物的作用机理C．药物对机体的作用规律D．药物疗效的影响因素E．药物体内过程的影响因素5.The contents of pharmacokinetics are ( )A.Relationship between concentration and clinical effect of drugB.Relationship between blood concentration of drug and timeC.Factors affecting the drug absorptionD.Factors affecting the drug biotransformationE.The process that action of body on drug6.药动学研究的内容是( )A．血药浓度与临床疗效的关系B．血药浓度与时间的变化规律C．药物吸收的影响因素D．药物生物转化的影响因素E．机体对药物的处置的动态变化7.The processes of drug in the body include ( )A.AbsorptionB.DistributionC.MetabolismD.ExcretionE.All of A, B, C and D8.药物在体内的过程包括( )A.吸收B.分布C.代谢D.排泄E.以上均对9.The mode by which most drugs get across the cell membrane are ( )A.Passive transportB.Simple diffusionC.Facilitated diffusionD.FiltrationE.Pinocytosis10.大多数药物的跨膜转运方式是( )A主动转运 B 简单扩散 C 易化扩散 D 滤过 E 胞饮11.The results of drug biotransformation are ( )A.Increased polarity to be easily eliminatedB.Increased activityC.Decreased or no toxicityD.Decreased or no activityE.All of A, B, C and D12.药物经生物转化后( )A 极性增加，利于消除B 活性增大C毒性减弱或消失D 活性减弱或消失E 以上都有可能13.The main excretion pathways of drug or the metabolite are ( )A.KidneyB.BilekD.SweatE.Respiratory tract14.药物或其代谢物排泄的主要途径是( )A 肾B 胆汁C 乳汁D 汗腺E 呼吸道15.The characteristics of active transport are ( )A.Along with the concentration gradient; energy not needed; carrier neededB.Along with the concentration gradient; energy needed; carrier neededC.Against with the concentration gradient; energy needed; no competitionD.Against with the concentration gradient; energy needed; can be saturatedE.Against with the concentration gradient; energy not needed; can be saturated16.主动转运的特点是( )A 顺浓度差，不耗能，需载体B 顺浓度差，耗能，需载体C 逆浓度差，耗能，无竞争现象D 逆浓度差，耗能，有饱和现象E 逆浓度差，不耗能，有饱和现象17.The characteristics of first order kinetics are ( )A.Eliminated by constant ratio; t1/2 is not a constantB.Eliminated by constant amount; t1/2 is a constantC.Eliminated by constant amount; t1/2 is not a constantD.Eliminated by constant ratio; t1/2 is a constantE.t1/2 changes with the change of blood concentration of drug18.一级消除动力学的特点是( )A 恒比消除，t l/2不定B 恒量消除，t l/2恒定C 恒量消除，t l/2不定D恒比消除，t l/2恒定E t l/2随血药浓度变化而变化19.The t1/2 of one drug is 10 h, how long will the drug be nearly completely eliminated if givenonce? ( )A.About 10 hB.About 2 dC.About 1 dD.About 20 hE.About 5 d20.某药半衰期为10小时，一次给药后，药物在体内基本消除时间为( )A 10小时左右B 2天左右C 1天左右D 20小时左右E 5天左右21.The blood concentration of phenytoin increased if combined with chloromycin becausechloromycin can ( )A.Increase the absorption of phenytoinpete the plasma protein with phenytoinC.Increase the bioavailability of phenytoinD.Inhibit the activity of liver drug metabolism enzymeE.Reduce the excretion of phenytoin from urine22.氯霉素与苯妥英钠合用时，可使苯妥英钠血药浓度升高，是因为氯霉素能( )A 增加吸收B竞争血浆蛋白结合部位C提高生物利用度D抑制肝药酶E减少尿中排泄23.How to accelerate the excretion of Phenobarbital from urine if it is overdosed ? ( )A.Alkalify the urine to increase the dissociation of Phenobarbital, resulting in the increasedreabsorption by renal tubularB.Alkalify the urine to decrease the dissociation of Phenobarbital, resulting in theincreased reabsorption by renal tubularC.Alkalify the urine to increase the dissociation of Phenobarbital, resulting in thedecreased reabsorption by renal tubularD.acidify the urine to increase the dissociation of Phenobarbital, resulting in the decreasedreabsorption by renal tubularE.None of A, B, C and D24.苯巴比妥过量中毒, 为了促使其加速排泄, 应( )A 碱化尿液, 使解离度增大, 增加肾小管再吸收B 碱化尿液, 使解离度增小, 增加肾小管再吸收C 碱化尿液, 使解离度增大, 减少肾小管再吸收D 酸化尿液, 使解离度增大, 减少肾小管再吸收E 以上均不对25.The bioavailability of drug is ( )A.The blood amount of drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tractB.The blood concentration of drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tractC.The amount of drug in the action citeD.The percentage of drug in the blood to the dose given at any routesE.None of A, B, C and D26.药物的生物利用度是指( )A.药物经胃肠道进入血液循环的量B.药物经胃肠道进入血液循环的浓度C.药物吸收到达作用点的量D.任何给药途径下药物进入血液循环的百分比E.以上均不对27.The plasma half life (t1/2) is ( )A.The time during which 50% of drug is excreted from the bodyB.The time during which 50% of drug is biotransformedC.Half of the time during which the drug completely disappeared from bloodD.The time during which drug concentration decreases by halfE.The time during which drug effect decreases by half28.药物的血浆半衰期是( )A 50%药物从体内排出所需要的时间B 50%药物进行了生物转化C 药物从血浆中消失所需要的时间的一半D 血浆浓度下降一半所需要的时间E 药物作用强度减弱一半所需要的时间29.The main routes through which the first pass effect of drug occurs ( )A.Intravenous injectionB.Subcutaneous injectionC.Intramuscle injectionD.Oral administrationE.Inhalation30.药物首过消除主要发生于( )A 静脉注射B 皮下注射C 肌肉注射D口服给药 E 吸入给药31.At which dose the side effect will occurs ( )A.ExtremeB.TherapeuticC.ToxicD.LD50E.Minimal toxic32.下列哪种剂量会产生副作用( )A 极量B 治疗量C 中毒量D LD50E 最小中毒量33.The characteristics of receptor antagonist are ( )A.Has no affinity but has intrinsic activityB.Has no affinity as well as no intrinsic activityC.Has affinity but has no intrinsic activityD.Has affinity as well as intrinsic activityE.None of A, B, C and D34.阻断药的特点是( )A 对受体无亲和力，但有内在活性B对受体无亲和力，也无内在活性C 对受体有亲和力，但无内在活性D对受体有亲和力，也有内在活性E 以上均不对35.The characteristics of competitive antagonist are ( )A.Strong affinity and intrinsic activityB.Strong affinity and weak intrinsic activityC.Not relevant with affinity and intrinsic activityD.Strong affinity and no intrinsic activity, irreversible combination with receptorE.Strong affinity and no intrinsic activity, competition for the same receptor with agonist36.竞争性桔抗剂( )A亲和力及内在活性都强B具有一定亲和力但内在活性弱C与亲和力和内在活性无关D有亲和力，无内在活性，与受体不可逆性结合E有亲和力，无内在活性，与激动剂竞争相同受体37.The characteristics of noncompetitive antagonist are ( )A.Strong affinity and intrinsic activityB.Strong affinity and weak intrinsic activityC.Not relevant with affinity and intrinsic activityD.Strong affinity and no intrinsic activity, irreversible combination with receptorE.Strong affinity and no intrinsic activity, competition for the same receptor with agonist38.非竞争性桔抗剂( )A亲和力及内在活性都强B具有一定亲和力但内在活性弱C与亲和力和内在活性无关D有亲和力，无内在活性，与受体不可逆性结合E有亲和力，无内在活性，与激动剂竞争相同受体39.The action mode of drug ( )A.LocalB.SystemicC.DirectD.IndirectE.All of A, B, C and D40.药物的作用方式是( )A 局部作用B 全身作用C 直接作用D 间接作用E 以上全是41.Therapeutic effect and adverse effect of drug refer to ( )A.The selectivity of drug actionB.Dualism of drug actionC.Basic action of drugD.Mechanism of drug actionE.Mode of drug action42.治疗作用和不良反应是( )A 药物作用的选择性B 药物作用的两重性C 药物的基本作用D 药物的作用机制E 药物作用的方式43.Which one has the greatest therapeutic index ( )A.drug A: LD50=500mg ED50=100mgB.drug B: LD50=500mg ED50=25mgC.drug C: LD50=500mg ED50=50mgD.drug D: LD50=50mg ED50=5mgE.drug E: LD50=50mg ED50=25mg44.化疗指数最大的药物是( )A Ａ药ＬＤ50=500mg ED50=100mgB Ｂ药ＬＤ50=500mg ED50=25mgC Ｃ药ＬＤ50=500mg ED50=50mgD Ｄ药ＬＤ50=50mg ED50=5mgE E药ＬＤ50=50mg ED50=25mg45.Which order is correct for the potency of the drugs shown in the following figure ( )A.A＞B＞CB.A＞C＞BC.B＞A＞CD.B＞C＞AE.C＞B＞A46.图中所示甲乙丙三药，其效价强度比较为( )A 甲＞乙＞丙B 甲＞丙＞乙C 乙＞甲＞丙D 乙＞丙＞甲E 丙＞乙＞甲47.Toxicity of drug ( )A.Is not relevant with the doseB.Occurs at the therapeutic doseC.Is caused by overdoseD.Is secondary to the therapeutic effectE.Is allergic reaction48.毒性反应( )A 与剂量无关B 在治疗量下出现C 因用药剂量过大或用药时间过长引起D 是治疗作用引起的不良后果E 是药物引起的变态反应49.The phenomenon that the effect can be reached by increasing the dose of drug after longduration is ( )A.Drug resistanceB.Drug toleranceC.Drug addictionD.TachyphylaxisE.Specificness50.长期用药，需要增加剂量才能发挥疗效的现象，称之为( )A耐药性B耐受性C成瘾性D快速耐受性E特异性51.The phenomenon that the sensitivity of drug to bacteria decreases or even disappears afterlong duration is ( )A.Drug resistanceB.Drug toleranceC.Drug addictionD.TachyphylaxisE.Specificness52.长期用药，病原菌对药物敏感性下降甚至失效的现象，称之为( )A耐药性B耐受性C成瘾性D快速耐受性E特异性53.Where does N1 receptor distribute? ( )A.Ganglion cellB.Myocardial cellC.Vascular smooth muscle cellD.Gastrointestinal smooth muscle cellE.Skeletal muscle cell54.N1受体主要位于( )A 神经节细胞B 心肌细胞C 血管平滑肌细胞D 胃肠平滑肌E 骨骼肌细胞55.What is the receptor by activating which the dilatation of bronchus smooth muscle occurs?( )A.αB.β1C.H1D.β2E.M56.兴奋时产生舒张支气管平滑肌效应的主要受体是( )A α受体B β1受体C H1受体D β2受体ＥM受体57.Which is the main effect produced by activation of β1 receptor? ( )A.Dilatation of bronchus smooth muscleB.Increase of cardiac muscle contraction forceC.Contraction of skeletal muscleD.Contraction of gastrointestinal muscleE.Increase of secretion of gland58.下述哪种是β1受体兴奋的主要效应( )A 舒张支气管平滑肌B 加强心肌收缩C 骨骼肌收缩D 胃肠平滑肌收缩E 腺体分泌59.The rate-limiting enzyme which catalyzes the synthesis of noradrenaline is ( )A.CholinesteraseB.Choline acetylaseC.Monoamine oxidaseD.Dopa decarboxylaseE.Tyrosine hydroxylase60.去甲肾上腺素合成的限速酶是( )A胆碱酯酶B胆碱乙酰化酶C单胺氧化酶D多巴脱羧酶E酪氨酸羟化酶61.The enzyme which can inactivate the noradrenaline is ( )A.Monoamine oxidaseB.CholinesteraseC.Thyroid peroxidaseD.Synthetase of mucopeptideE.Angiotensin-converting enzyme62.主要使去甲肾上腺素灭活的酶是( )A 单胺氧化酶B 胆碱酯酶C 甲状腺过氧化物酶D粘肽合成酶E血管紧张素转化酶63.Enzyme which can be reversibly inhibited by neostigmine is ( )A.Monoamine oxidaseB.CholinesteraseC.Thyroid peroxidaseD.Synthetase of mucopeptideE.Angiotensin-converting enzyme64.新斯的明可逆性抑制的酶是A 单胺氧化酶B 胆碱酯酶C 甲状腺过氧化物酶D粘肽合成酶E血管紧张素转化酶65.Which effect is not produced by activating the M receptor? ( )A.Decrease of heart rateB.Contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscleC.Contraction of gastrointestinal sphincter muscleD.Dilatation of sphincter muscle of urinary bladderE.Contraction of iris sphincter muscle (myosis)66.下列哪种效应不是通过激动M受体实现的( )A心率减慢B胃肠道平滑肌收缩C胃肠道括约肌收缩D膀胱括约肌舒张E虹膜括约肌收缩(缩瞳)67.Which description is not correct? ( )A.The adrenoceptor in bronchus smooth muscle is β2 receptorB.The cholinoceptor in nerve ganglion is N1 receptorC.Atropine is a anticholine drugD.The cholinoceptor in motor end plate is N2 receptorE.Pilocarpine is a postganglionic anitcholinergic drug68.下列描述哪项有错？( )A 支气管平滑肌上的肾上腺素受体是β2受体B 神经节上的胆碱能受体是Ｎ1受体C 阿托品是抗胆碱药D 运动神经终板上的胆碱能受体是Ｎ2受体E 毛果芸香碱是节后抗胆碱药69.Which one describing the clinical use of neosigmine is not correct? ( )A.Myasthenia gravisB.Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardiaC.Angina caused by spasm of smooth muscleD.Generally not used for MyoticaE.Rescue the toxicity by non-depolarizing muscular relaxant70.有关新斯的明的临床用途下列错误的是（）A 重症肌无力B 阵发性室上性心动过速C 平滑肌痉挛性绞痛D通常不作眼科缩瞳药 E 解救非去极化肌松药中毒71.Which one is not the indication of anticholinesterase drug? ( )A.Myasthenia gravisB.Abdominal distensionC.Urinary retentionD.Atrial ventricular blockE.Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia72.抗胆碱酯酶药的适应症不包括（）A 重症肌无力B 腹胀气C 尿潴留D 房室传导阻滞E 阵发性室上性心动过速73.Drug which can obviously stimulate skeletal muscle is ( )A.AtropineB.TubocurarineC.PropranololD.NeostigmineE.Phentolamine74.兴奋骨骼肌作用明显的药物是A 阿托品B 筒箭毒碱C 普萘洛尔（心得安）D 新斯的明E 酚妥拉明75.Drug which can produce the effect of mydriasis is ( )A.PilocarpineB.NeostigmineC.AtropineD.PrazosinE.Morphine76.滴眼产生扩瞳效应的药物是A 毛果芸香碱B 新斯的明C 阿托品D 哌唑嗪E 吗啡77.The reason that pyraloxime iodide can rescue the toxicity by organophosphorus compoundsis ( )A.Renaturation of cholinesteraseB.Directly antagonize the acetylcholineC.Block the M receptorD.Block the N receptorE.None of A, B, C and D78.碘解磷定解救有机磷酸酯类(农药)中毒是因为A能使失去活性的胆碱酯酶复活B能直接对抗乙酰胆碱的作用C有阻断M胆碱受体的作用D有阻断N胆碱受体的作用 E 以上都不是79.The reason that organophosphorus compounds can cause toxicity is ( )A.Reversible inhibition of cholinesteraseB.Irreversible inhibition of cholinesteraseC.Direct inhibition of M and N receptorD.Direct activation of M and N receptorE.Enhancement of release of acetylcholine by motor nerve ending80.有机磷农药中毒的原理A易逆性胆碱酯酶抑制剂 B 难逆性胆碱酯酶抑制剂C直接抑制M受体，N受体D直接激动M受体，N受体E促进运动神经末梢释放Ach81.Which drug can cause high intraocular pressure? ( )A.PilocarpineB.AtropineC.AdrenalineD.NoradrenalineE.Chlorpromazine82.眼内压升高可由何药引起A 毛果芸香碱B 阿托品C 肾上腺素D 去甲肾上腺素E 氯丙嗪83.Which effect is not produced by activating the β receptor? ( )A.Dilatation of bronchusB.Vasorelaxation of skeletal muscleC.Fast heart rateD.Strong contraction force of cardiac muscleE.Contraction of detrusor of bladder84.下列哪些效应不是通过激动β受体产生的A 支气管舒张B 骨骼肌血管舒张C 心率加快D心肌收缩力增强E膀胱逼尿肌收缩85.Which one is correct on the description of adrenaline?A.Directly activate α，β1，β2 receptorB.Strongly activate α，receptor, weakly activate βreceptorC.Activate α，β, DA receptorD.Directly antagonize α，β1，β2 receptorE.Activate βreceptor86.关于肾上腺素的描述正确的是A 直接激动α，β1，β2受体B 主要激动α受体，微弱激动β受体C 激动α，β，DA受体D 直接拮抗α，β1，β2受体E 主要激动β受体87.Which description about dobutamine is correct? ( )A.Selectively activate βl receptorB.Selectively activate β2 receptorC.Activate both βl and β2 receptorsD.Weakly activate β receptorE.Activate α, βl and DA receptor88.多巴酚丁胺A选择性激动βl受体B选择性激动β2受体C对βl和β2受体都有激动作用D对β受体作用很弱E对α、βl和多巴胺受体都有激动作用89.Which drug is immediately i.m given once allergic shock is induced by penicillin? ( )A.Adrenocortical hormoneB.Calcium chlorideC.NoradrenalineD.AdrenalineE.Atropine90.青霉素过敏性休克一旦发生，应立即注射A 肾上腺皮质激素B 氯化钙C 去甲肾上腺素D 肾上腺素E 阿托品91.Which disease can not be treated by isoprenaline? ( )A.Bronchial asthmaB.Cardiac asthmaC.ShockD.Cardiac arrestE.Atrioventricular block92.下列哪一情况不能用异丙肾上腺素治疗？A 支气管哮喘B 心源性哮喘C 休克D 心跳骤停E 房室传导阻滞93.Which description on salbutamol is correct? ( )A.Selectively activate βl receptorB.Selectively activate β2 receptorC.Activate both βl and β2 receptorsD.Weakly activate β receptorE.Activate α, βl and DA receptor94.沙丁胺醇A选择性激动βl受体B选择性激动β2受体C对βl和β2受体都有激动作用D对β受体作用很弱E对α、βl和多巴胺受体都有激动作用95.Which drug can reverse the BP raising effect by adrenaline? ( )A.PhentolamineB.NeostigmineC.PilocarpineD.EphedrinE.Atropine96.能使肾上腺素升压作用翻转的药物是A酚妥拉明 B 新斯的明 C 毛果芸香碱 D 麻黄碱 E 阿托品97.Which contraindication is related to the propranolol? ( )A.GlaucomaB.Abdominal distentionC.Urinary retentionD.Prostatic hypertrophyE.Bronchial asthma98.与普萘洛尔有关的禁忌症是A 青光眼B 腹胀气C 尿潴留D前列腺肥大E支气管哮喘99.The reason that phentolamine dilates the vessel is ( ).A.Blockade of α1 receptor in postsynaptic membraneB.Activation of M receptorC.Activation of β receptor in presynaptic membraneD.Blockade of α2 receptor in presynaptic membraneE.Activation of DA receptor100.酚妥拉明舒张血管的原理是A 阻断突触后膜α1受体B 主要奋M受体C 兴奋突触前膜β受体D 主要阻断突触前膜α2受体E 激动多巴胺受体101.Which drug can induce the local necrosis if it leaks out the vessel? ( )A.AdrenalineB.AtropineC.IsoprenalineD.DopamineE.Noradrenaline102.静滴外漏易致局部坏死的药物是A 肾上腺素B 阿托品C 异丙肾上腺素D 多巴胺E 去甲肾上腺素103.What is the mechanism by which antipyretic analgesic reduces the fever? ( )A.Inhibition of synthesis of central PGB.Inhibition of synthesis of peripheral PGC.Inhibition of degradation of central PGD.Inhibition of degradation of peripheral PGE.Enhancement of release of central PG104.解热镇痛药的退热作用机制是：A.抑制中枢PG合成B.抑制外周PG合成C.抑制中枢PG降解D.抑制外周PG降解E.增加中枢PG释放105.What is the mechanism by which antipyretic analgesic relieves the pain? ( )A.Blockade of impulse transduction of afferent nerveB.Reduction of sensitivity of sensory fiber sensorC.Inhibition of synthesis of PG in inflammatory stateD.Activation of opium receptorE.None of A, B, C and D106.解热镇痛药的镇痛作用机制是：A.阻断传入神经的冲动传导B.降低感觉纤维感受器的敏感性C.阻止炎症时PG的合成D.激动阿片受体E. 以上都不是107.which drug can prevent cerebral thrombosis? ( )A.Sodium salicylatesB.AspirinC.ButazoneD.IndomethacinE.Brufen108.可防止脑血栓形成的药物是：A.水杨酸钠B.阿司匹林C.保泰松D.吲哚美辛E.布洛芬109.The mechanism by which probenecid increases the effect of penicillin is ( ).A.Decrease the metabolism of penicillin in liverB.Increase the permeability of membrane of penicillinC.Decrease the secretion and excretion of penicillin in tubularD.Probenecid also has anti-bacterial effectE.Increase the binding force of penicillin to bacterial110.丙磺舒增加青霉素疗效的机制是：A.减慢其在肝脏代谢B.增加其对细菌膜的通透性C.减少其在肾小管分泌排泄D.对细菌起双重杀菌作用E.增加其与细菌蛋白结合力111.Which drug is prohibited in patient with bronchial asthma? ( )A.PiroxicamB.AspirinC.ProbenecidD.BrufenE.Clofenamic acids112.支气管哮喘病人禁用的药物是：A.吡罗昔康B.阿司匹林C.丙磺舒D.布洛芬E.氯芬那酸113.Which disease is the first choice indication of sodium phenytoin? ( )A.Minor epilepsyB.Grand mal epilepsyC.Psychomotor epilepsyD.Parkinson’s diseaseE.None of A, B, C and D114.苯妥英钠是何种疾病的首选药物？A.癫痫小发作B.癫痫大发作C.癫痫精神运动性发作D.帕金森病发作115.Which disease is the first choice indication of ethosuximide ? ( )A.Minor epilepsyB.Grand mal epilepsyC.Psychomotor epilepsyD.Parkinson’s diseaseE.None of A, B, C and D116.乙琥胺是何种疾病的首选药物？A.癫痫小发作B.癫痫大发作C.癫痫精神运动性发作D.帕金森病发作117.Psychotolytic drugs is used for ( ).A.Disorders of psychoactivityB.SchizophreniaC.ManiaD.DepressionE.Anxiety118.抗精神失常药是指：A.治疗精神活动障碍的药物B.治疗精神分裂症的药物C.治疗躁狂症的药物D.治疗抑郁症的药物E.治疗焦虑症的药物119.which one is used for depression ( )?A.ImipramineB.FluphenazineC.ChlorperphenazineD.AlopeiidinE.Clozapine120.可用于治疗抑郁症的药物是：A.米帕明B. 氟奋乃静C.奋乃静D.氟哌啶醇E.氯氮平121.Chlorpromazine causes blurred vision, tachyrhythmia, dry mouth and constipation by blocking ( )A.DA receptorB.αreceptorC.βreceptorD.M receptorE.N receptor122.氯丙嗪引起的视力模糊、心动过速和口干、便秘等是由于阻断：A.多巴胺（DA）受体B. α肾上腺素受体C. β肾上腺素受体D.Ｍ胆碱受体E.N胆碱受体123.Chlorpromazine induces acute extracorticospinal tract dyskinesia by blocking ( )A.DA receptor in mid-brain iambic systemB.DA receptor in mid-brain cortex systemC.DA receptor in substantia nigra corpora striata systemD.DA receptor in nodus funnel systemE.All of A, B, C and D124.氯丙嗪引起的急性锥体外系运动障碍，其机制主要是：A.阻断中脑－边缘系统通路的DA受体B.阻断中脑－皮层通路的DA受体C.阻断黑质－纹状体通路的DA受体D.阻断结节－漏斗通路的DA受体E.以上都是125.Which one can be used for hypotension caused by chlorpromazine ( )?A.AdrenalineB.DopamineC.EphedrineD.NoradrenalineE.Isoprenaline126.下列哪种药物可以用于处理氯丙嗪引起的低血压？A.肾上腺素B.多巴胺C.麻黄碱D.去甲肾上腺素E.异丙肾上腺素127.The effect of chlorpromazine on the healthy is ( )A.DysphoriaB.HyperthymiaC.Nervous and InsomniaD.Apathy emotionE.None of A, B, C and D128.氯丙嗪在正常人引起的作用是：A.烦躁不安B.情绪高涨C.紧张失眠D.感情淡漠E.以上都不是129.Lithium carbonate can be used for ( )A.VesaniaB.DepressionC.SchizophreniaD.AnxietyE.None of A, B, C and D130.碳酸锂主要用于治疗：A.躁狂症B.抑郁症C.精神分裂症D.焦虑症E.多动症131.The mechanism of diazepam is ( )A.Directly inhibit central nervous system instead of acting on receptorB.Increase the affinity of GABA and the GABA receptor by binding with diazepamreceptorC.Increase the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter by binding with GABA receptorD.Induce the production of new proteinE.None of A, B, C and D132.地西泮的作用机制是:A.不通过受体，直接抑制中枢B.作用于苯二氮卓受体，增加GABA与GABA受体的亲和力C.作用于GABA受体，增加体内抑制性递质的作用D.诱导生成一种新蛋白质而起作用E.以上都不是133.苯巴比妥钠连续应用产生耐受性的主要原因是:A.再分布于脂肪组织B.排泄加快C.被假性胆碱酯酶破坏D.被单胺氧化酶破坏E.诱导肝药酶使自身代谢加快134.The specific antagonist of diazepam is ( )A.NikethamideB.NarconC.FlumazenilD.Calcium chlorideE.None of A, B, C and D135.地西泮中毒的特异解毒药是:A.尼可刹米B.纳络酮C.氟马西尼D.氯化钙E.以上都不是136.Which one is not the clinical use of diazepam? ( )A.Anti-anxietyB.Sedative hypnosisC.Anti-convulsionD.Muscle relaxationE.Anti-dizzy137.地西泮的药理作用不包括：A.抗焦虑B.镇静催眠C.抗惊厥D.肌肉松弛E.抗晕动138.吗啡抑制呼吸的主要原因是：A.作用于时水管周围灰质B.作用于蓝斑核C.降低呼吸中枢对血液CO2张力的敏感区D.作用于脑干极后区E.作用于迷走神经背核139.吗啡镇痛作用的主要部位是：A.蓝斑核的阿片受体B.丘脑内侧、脑室及导水管周围灰质C.黑质－纹状体通路D.脑干网状结构E.大脑边缘系统140.The specific antagonist of opium receptor is ( )A.MeperidineB.MethadoneC.PentazocineD.FentanylE.Narcon141.阿片受体的拮抗剂是：A.哌替啶B.美沙酮C.喷他佐辛D.芬太尼E. 纳络酮142.吗啡无下列哪种不良反应？A.引起腹泻B.引起便秘C.抑制呼吸中枢D.抑制咳嗽中枢E.引起体位性低血压143.The mechanism by which carbidopa cures Parkinson’s disease is ( )A.Activate dopamine receptor in CNSB.Inhibit the activity of peripheral dopa decarboxylaseC.Block M receptor in CNSD.Inhibit the reuptake of dopamineE.Sensitize dopamine receptor144.卡比多巴治疗帕金森病的机制是：A.激动中枢多巴胺受体B.抑制外周多巴脱羧酶活性C.阻断中枢M受体D.抑制多巴胺的再摄取E.使多巴胺受体增敏145.卡比多巴与左旋多巴合用的理由是：A.提高脑内多巴胺的浓度，增强左旋多巴的疗效B.减慢左疙多巴肾脏排泄，增强左旋多巴的疗效C.卡比多巴直接激动多巴胺受体，增强左旋多巴的疗效D.抑制多巴胺的再摄取，增强左旋多巴的疗效E.卡比多巴阻断胆碱受体，增强左旋多巴的疗效146.The mechanism by which levodopa cures Parkinson’s disease is ( )A.Inhibit the reuptake of dopamineB.Activate M receptor in CNSC.Block M receptor in CNSD.Supply the dopamine in CNSE.Activate dopamine receptor147.左旋多巴抗帕金森病的机制是：A.抑制多巴胺的再摄取B.激动中枢M受体C. 阻断中枢胆碱受体D.补充中枢多巴胺的不足E.直接激动中枢的多巴胺受体148.The mechanism by which trihexyphenidyl cures Parkinson’s disease is ( )A.Supply the dopamine in CNSB.Activate dopamine receptorC.Activate M receptor in CNSD.Block M receptor in CNSE.Inhibit activity of dopamine decarboxylase149.苯海索治疗帕金森病的机制是：A.补充中枢中多巴胺B.激动多巴胺受体C.激动中枢M受体D.阻断中枢M受体E.抑制多巴胺脱羧酶性150.Which one can be used for Alzheimer disease ( )?A.TacrineB.TrihexyphenidylC.LevodopaD.TasmarE.Carbidopa151.治疗阿尔茨海默病的药物A 他克林B 苯海索C 左旋多巴D 托卡朋E 卡比多巴152.妨碍铁剂在肠道吸收的物质是A维生素C B果糖C食物中半胱氨酸物质D食物中高磷,高钙,鞣酸等物质E稀盐酸153.The specific antagonist of vitamin K is ( )A.HeparinB.Natrium citricumC.DicoumarolD.StreptokinaseE.Urokinase154.维生素K的拮抗剂是A肝素B枸橼酸钠C双香豆素D链激酶E尿激酶155.The mechanism by which heparin has the anti-coagulant effect is ( )A.Inhibit the synthesis of coagulant factors Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ in liverB.Activate antithrombin Ⅲ（ATⅢ）in plasmabine with Ca++pete with vit KE.Inhibit fibrin degradation156.肝素的抗凝血作用机理是通过A 抑制肝脏合成凝血因子Ⅶ、Ⅸ、ⅩB 激活血浆的抗凝血酶Ⅲ（ATⅢ）C 与Ca++ 络合D 通过与VitK竞争E 抑制纤维蛋白降解157.Bleeding caused by overdose heparin can be inhibited by ( )A.Vitamin KB.Vitamin CC.ProtamineD.AminomethylbenzoicE.Tranexamic acid158.过量肝素引起出血可选用下列何药治疗A维生素K B维生素C C鱼精蛋白D氨甲苯酸E氨甲环酸159.Which one is the hypotensive acting on CNS ( )?A.ClonidineB.NefedipineC.PrazosinD.CaptoprilE.Hydrochlorothiazide160.具有中枢性降压作用的药物是A 可乐定B 硝苯地平C 哌唑嗪D 卡托普利E 氢氯噻嗪161.Which drug can inhibit angiotensin Ⅰ converting enzyme (ACE) ? ( )A.ClonidineB.NefedipineC.PrazosinD.CaptoprilE.Hydrochlorothiazide162.抑制血管紧张素Ⅰ转化酶的药物是A 可乐定B 硝苯地平C 哌唑嗪D 卡托普利E 氢氯噻嗪163.Which drug can block α1 receptor? ( )A.ClonidineB.NefedipineC.PrazosinD.CaptoprilE.Hydrochlorothiazide164.阻断α1受体的药物是A 可乐定B 硝苯地平C 哌唑嗪D 卡托普利E 氢氯噻嗪165.Which drug can block calcium channel ? ( )A.ClonidineB.NefedipineC.PrazosinD.CaptoprilE.Hydrochlorothiazide166.阻滞钙通道的药物是A 可乐定B 硝苯地平C 哌唑嗪D 卡托普利E 氢氯噻嗪167.Which drug can block AT1 receptor? ( )A.CaptoprilB.LosartanC.PrazosinD.Nitroprusside sodiumE.Spironolactone168.阻断血管紧张素Ⅱ受体（AT1受体）的药物是A 卡托普利B 洛沙坦C 哌唑嗪D 硝普钠E 螺内酯169.Which drug can reduce the renin level in plasma? ( )A.LosartanB.HydrochlorothiazideC.PropranololD.ClonidineE.Nefedipine170.可降低血浆中肾素水平的药物是A 洛沙坦B 氢氯噻嗪C 普萘洛尔D 可乐定E 硝苯地平171.Which drug can not be used for patient with both hypertension and bronchial asthma? ( )A.HydrochlorothiazideB.NefedipineC.PrazosinD.PropranololE.Clonidine172.高血压伴有支气管哮喘的患者不宜用A氢氯噻嗪B硝苯地平 C 哌唑嗪 D 普萘洛尔E可乐定173.Which drug can be used for patient with both hypertension and sinus tachycardia? ( )A.HydrochlorothiazideB.HydrazineC.NefedipineD.PropranololE.Clonidine174.高血压伴有窦性心动过速者宜选用A 氢氯噻嗪B肼屈嗪 C 硝苯地平 D 普萘洛尔 E 可乐定175.The main mechanism by which quinidine has anti-arrhythmic effect is ( )A.Inhibit Na+ influxB.Inhibit Ca++ influxC.Block αreceptorD.Block βreceptorE.Block M receptor176.奎尼丁抗心律失常的主要机制是A抑制钠内流B抑制钙内流 C 阻断α受体 D 阻断β受体E阻断M受体177.The main mechanism by which verapamil has anti-arrhythmic effect is ( )A.Inhibit Na+ influxB.Inhibit K+ outfluxC.Inhibit Ca++ influxD.Block αreceptorE.Block βreceptor178.维拉帕米的主要作用机制是A抑制Na+内流B抑制K+外流 C 抑制Ca2+内流 D 阻断α受体E阻断β受体179.Which drug can be used for sinus tachycardia induced by hyperexcitability of sympathetic nerve and thyroid hyperfunction? ( )A.QuinidineB.LidocaineC.PropafenoneD.PropranololE.Verapamil180.治疗交感神经兴奋性过高、甲状腺功能亢进引起的窦性心动过速宜选用A奎尼丁 B 利多卡因C普罗帕酮D普萘洛尔E维拉帕米181.Which drug has the adverse effect of cinchonism? ( )A.QuinidineB.LidocaineC.PropafenoneD.PropranololE.Verapamil182.可引起金鸡纳反应的抗心律失常药是A奎尼丁 B 利多卡因C普罗帕酮D普萘洛尔E维拉帕米183.The mechanism by which cardiac glycoside has anti-CHF effect is ( )A.Block αreceptorB.Block βreceptorC.Block calcium channelD.Inhibit ACEE.Inhibit Na+,K+-ATP enzyme184.强心苷的作用机制为A 阻断α受体B 阻断β受体C 阻滞钙通道D 抑制血管紧张素转化酶E 抑制Na+,K+-ATP酶185.治疗量强心苷产生负性心率作用的原因是A 直接抑制房室结的传导B 直接抑制窦房结自律性C 直接抑制房室束的传导D 反射性增加迷走神经活性，降低交感神经活性E 阻断β1受体186.The main pharmacological action of cardiac glycoside on CHF is ( )A.Decrease oxygen consumption by myocardiumB.Positive inotropic effectC.Decrease heart rateD.Decrease atrioventricular conductionE.Diureses187.强心苷治疗心衰的主要药理作用是A 降低心肌耗氧量B 正性肌力作用C 减慢心率D 减慢房室传导E 利尿188.Which one is not the adverse effect of cardiac glycoside? ( )A.Nausea and vomitingB.Visual disturbanceC.Ventricular arrhythmiaD.Sinus bradycardiaE.Water-sodium retention189.强心苷的不良反应不包括A 恶心呕吐B 视觉障碍C 室性心律失常D 窦性心动过缓E 水钠潴留190.Which one is not the mechanisms by which ACEI has effects on CHF and hypertension?A.Decrease release of rennin。
药理学基础练习题 (英文)
UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN FACULTY OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCESUMTA 3123 PHARMACOLOGYJAN TRIMESTER 2016BACHELOR OF CHINESE MEDICINE (HONS) ASSIGNMENT -1: BASIC PHARMACOLOGY LECTURER: DR THAW ZINAssignment -1: Basic Pharmacology1. Why does a health professional needs to know about the rational (proper) use of drugs?The selection of essential medicines is only one step towards the improvement of the quality of health care; selection needs to be followed by appropriate use. Each individual should receive the right medicine, in an adequate dose for an adequate duration, with appropriate information and follow-up treatment, and at an affordable cost.As a health care professional, accurate diagnosis and rational prescribing must be made properly in the first place to avoid poly-pharmacy and inappropriate self-medication of patients as a result of ineffective treatment given to them, leading to inappropriate patient demand, that can further cause reduced access and attendance rates due to medicine stock-outs and loss of patient confidence in the health system. Besides tha t, it is a doctor’s responsibility to educate the patients in rational use of drugs and about the disease to avoid their irrational over-use of medicines that can result in poor outcomes and adverse drug reactions.Practicing rational use of medicines is also an effort to prevent the development of resistance because the irrational use of drugs may lead to premature demise of highly efficacious and lifesaving new antimicrobial drug. Furthermore, over-use of antimicrobials can lead to increased antimicrobial resistance and non-sterile injections to the transmission of hepatitis, HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne diseases.Rational use of drugs also decreases the cost of a treatment, and the economic burden on the public as well as on the government. Doctors play an important role in making sure that the public has improved access to basic or essential medicines by practicing proper use of drugs.2. Why is drug classification and nomenclature in Pharmacology?The term drug nomenclature implies that there are several names that can be used to identify a drug. Drugs have three different names which are chemical name, generic name and proprietary name. A chemical name is given when a new chemical entity (NCE) is developed. It is the name given to drug in accordance with rules of chemical nomenclature established by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It is useful for chemists of technical personnel as it provides the precise arrangement of atoms and atomic groups in the molecule. It is not used to identify the drug in a clinical or marketing situation.Generic or non-proprietary name is a short name given to a drug that is not subject to proprietary rights. The non-proprietary name should always be concise and meaningful. There are two classes of non-proprietary names which are approved name and official name. Approved name is the name given to drug by bodies like United State Adopted Name Council (USAN) and British Approved Name (BAN) soon after its introduction. This name sometime referred to as generic name however this term is used to designate a chemical or pharmacological class of drugs such as Sulphonamide, Penicillin. Official names is the name approved by the National Pharmacopeia Commission and included in the official book. The official name must be identical with approved name.The proprietary name is the name given to a drug by the pharmaceutical firm which sell the drug. Thus a single drug is sold under many proprietary names by different firms. They are written with capital initial letter. Clinicians usually described drug by their proprietary names.The classification of drugs is essential because it allows several thousands of drugs to be reduced to a manageable number of group. There is no uniform or homogeneous system of classifying drugs that suits all purposes. Drugs are classified according to the convenience of the person discussing them such as chemist, pharmacologist, pharmacist and clinician. The drugs are classified based on chemical nature, source, target organ/site of action, mode of action, therapeutic uses, physiological system, physical effects.3. What mode of drug administration will you encounter most in your profession? What advantage does it have over other methods?Oral administration will be mostly encountered in TCM. It is generally the most convenient and carries the lowest cost. Typically, one batch of medicinal is prepared as a decoction of many substances. Some of these are considered as main herbs, some as ancillary herbs which can be used as toxicity canceller or catalyst. For example, traditional Chinese patent medicines are standardized herbal formulas. From ancient times, pills were formed by combining several herbs and other ingredients, which were dried and ground into a powder. However, traditional Chinese herbal extracts are herbal decoctions that have been condensed into a granular or powdered form. It similar to patent medicines, are easier and more convenient for patients to take.With oral administration, the release of active ingredients into the bloodstream is relatively slow. The low concentrated release of the medication provides for a sustained dosage, which is accomplished mostly by the presence of inert substances or speed buffers in the herbs. This natural time-release property is a possible explanation for the minimal side effects experiencedfrom herbal preparations. The body is not subjected to a sudden surge of chemicals. Instead, the herb is introduced to the body’s system slowly and gently.4. How do your profession help in the holistic approach in patient management with other disciplines? Explain the importance of your profession in holistic care.TCM theory thinks an individual as a whole, and this characteristic of thinking endows its holistic medical pattern. TCM theory also thinks the changes of one’s health and disease are not only associated with oneself, but also with the conditions surrounding him which includes time, place, society.TCM is important in holistic care because it is a holistic, or complete health care system, it includes practices to govern diet and nutrition, exercise and spirituality along with the more specialized practices of acupuncture, acupressure, Tai Chi, herbal medicine, and Qigong. For example, Chinese herbal medicine takes holistic approach to understanding normal function and disease processes and focuses as much on the prevention of illness as on the treatment. Most diseases or illnesses present with a core set of recognizable signs and symptoms, but the actual presentation of a particular disease or illness will vary from person to person. For this reason, people with similar health conditions may be provided with quite different Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions.Besides, TCM supports mental healing and holds that to cure a disease, the heart should be cured the first, laying stress on the harmony between mind and body, man and society, as well as man and nature. This is just what is required by the modern preventive medicine.。
药理学英文试题(含答案)
1山东大学医学院（2005 ——2006 学年第二学期）2003 级医学七年制药理学期末考试试题（A 卷）二、选择题：（A 型每题0.5 分，X 型每题1分, 共50 分）Type A choice questions (only one answer is correct)1. Which of the following is classified as belong to the G proteincoupling receptors?A. GABAA receptorB. b adrenergicreceptorC. insulin receptorD. nicotinic II receptorE. hydrocortisone receptor2. Which of the following is unlikely to be associated with oral drug administration of anentericcoateddosage form?A. irritation to the gastric mucosa with nausea and vomitingB. destruction of the drug by gastric acid or digestive enzymesC. unpleasant taste of the drugD. formation of nonabsorbable drugfood complexesE. variability in absorption caused by fluctuations in gastric emptying time3. Which of the following compounds will be absorbed to the least extent in the stomach?A. ampicillin (pKa=2.5)B. aspirin (pKa=3.0)C. warfarin (pKa=5.0)D. Phenobarbital (pKa=7.4)E. propranolol (pKa=9.4)4. Which of the following terms is most likely to be associated w ith “a rapid reduction in theeffect of a given dose of a drug after only one or two doses”?A. supersensitivityB. tachyphylaxisC. toleranceD. hyposensitivityE. anaphylaxis5. A weak acidic drug with 4.4 of pKa, if the stomach juice pH is 1.4, plasma pH is 7.4, whenthe distribution balance is reached, the drug concentration ratio between plasma and stomachjuice isA. 100B. 0.001C. 1000D. 10000E. 0.016. In this graph，drugs A，B and C are analogs，thenA. A has a greater potency than BB. A has a greater efficacy than CC. B has less potency than CD. A has a greater potency than CE. B has a greater efficacy than C7. Aspirin is a weak acid with 3.5 of pKa, what percentage of lipidsolubleform will be in thestomach juice with 2.5 of pH?A. 0.99%B. 9%C. 9.09%D. 90.9%E. 99.9%8. The contractile effect of various doses of norepinephrine (NE) (X) alone on vascular smoothmuscle is represented in the figure below. When combined with an antagonist (IC or INC), ashift in the doseresponsecurve occurs. The curve labeled X+INC would mostly likely occurwhen vascular smooth muscle is treated with NE in the presenA. terazosinB. phentolamineC. labetalolD. phenoxybenzamineE. prazosinBAC效应Log 剂量49. The reversible cholinesterase inhibitor indicated in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease isA. tacrineB. edrophoniumC. neostigmineD. pyridostigmineE. ambenonium10. A predictably dangerous side effect of nadolol that constitutes a contraindication to itsclinical use in susceptible patients is the induction ofA. hypertensionB. cardiac arrhythmiaC. asthmatic attacksD. respiratory depressionE. hypersensitivity11. Epinephrine may be mixed with certain anesthetics, such as procaine, in order toA. stimulate local wound repairB. promote hemostasisC. enhance their interaction with neural membranes and their ability to depress nerveconductionD. retard their systemic absorptionE. facilitate their distribution along nerves12. A 58yearoldmale with angina is treated with atenolol. Select the mechanism of action of atenolol A. a adrenergicagonistB. a adrenergicantagonistC. b adrenergicagonistD. b adrenergicantagonistE. mixed a and b antagonist13. A male patient is brought to the emergency department following ingestion of an unknownsubstance. He is found to have an elevated temperature, hot and flushed skin, dilated pupils,and tachycardia. Of the following, which would most likely cause these findings?5A. propranololB. tolazolineC. prazosinD. donepezilE. atropine14. A 65yearoldmale has a blood pressure of 170/105mmHg. Which of the following wouldbe effective in lowering this patient’s blood pressure?A. terbutalineB. dobutamineC. pancuroniumD. prazosinE. scopolamine15. Which of the following can be used in shock for increasing cardiac output and renal bloodflow?A. norepinephrineB. epinephrineC. dopamineD. phenylephrineE. methoxamine16. All of the following statements are related with succinylcholine EXCEPTA. have muscle fasciculation before muscle relaxationB. have no ganglionic blocking actions at therapeutic doseC. can be antagonized by neostigmineD. elevate blood potassium concentrationE. assistant agents of anesthetics17. The agent which is effective for prostatic hyperplasia but has no effect on blood pressure isA. terazosinB. tamsulosinC. phenoxybenzamineD. regitineE. prazosin18. Which of the following statements is correct?A. Diazepam induce the drug metabolizing enzymes.B. All benzodiazepines show antiepileptic actions.C. All benzodiazepines have sedative effects.D. Benzodiazepines readily produce general anesthesia.E. Benzodiazepines directly open chloride channels.19. Which of the following statements is correct?A. Chlorpromazine is indicated in treating the nausea of levodopa treatment.B. Vitamin B6 increases the effectiveness of levodopa.6C. Administration of dopamine is an effective treatment of Parkinson’s disease.D. Levodopainducednausea is reduced by carbidopa.E. Nonspecific MAOinhibitorsare a useful adjunct to levodopa therapy. 20. Which of the following is common to the tricyclic antidepressants and MAO inhibitors?A. They can produce sedation.B. They produce physical dependence.C. They show strong interaction with certain foods.D. They can produce postural hypotension.E. They decrease availability of epinephrine in the synaptic cleft21. The antipsychotic drugs:A. are equally effective against the positive and negative symptoms of schizophreniaB. can cause blurred vision, urinary retention and other signs of muscarinic blockadeC. bind selectively to D2dopaminergic receptors.D. have antiparkinsonism effects similar to levodopa.E. have a rapid onset of antipsychotic action.22. All of the following are observed in patients taking neuroleptic agents EXCEPT:A. sexual dysfunction.B. bronchial asthmaC. altered endocrine function.D. constipation.E. orthostatic hypotension23. Which of the following statements about morphine is INCORRECT?A. It is used therapeutically to relieve pain caused by severe head injury.B. Its withdrawal symptoms can be relieved by methadone.C. It causes constipation.D. It is most effective by parenteral administration.E. It rapidly enters many body tissues, including the fetus of a pregnant woman. 24. Which of the following statements concerning phenytoin is INCORRECT?A. causes less sedation than phenobarbital.B. causes gingival hyperplasia.C. may cause megaloblastic anemiaD. is excreted unchanged in the urine.E. The plasma halflifeincreases as the dose is increased.25. Which of the following drugs is contraindicated in the patients with epilepsy?A. PhenobarbitalB. imipramineC. digoxinD. chlorpromazineE. aspirin26. The agent which is effective for various epilepsy is7A. diazepamB. sodium phenytoinC. sodium valproateD. PhenobarbitalE. ethosuximide27. All of the following produce a significant decrease in peripheral resistance EXCEPT:A. chronic administration of diureticsB. hydralazineC. ACE inhibitorsD. βRblockersE. calcium channel blockers28. Which of the following hypertensive patients is most suitble for primary therapy withhydrochlorothiazide?A. patients with goutB. patients with hyperlipidemiaC. young hypertensive patients with rapid resting heart rateD. patients with impaired renal functionE. elderly patients29. Regarding antihypertensive drugs, which of the following statements is WRONG？A. Hydrochlorothiazide can increase activity of renninB. Propranolol can decrease secretion of renninC. Sodium nitroprusside lowers BP rapidly by releasing NO.D. Clonidine stimulates α2receptorand imidazoline receptorE. Diuretics decreased BP mainly by increasing water and sodium excretion from thekidneys.30. Which of the following drugs occurs orthostatic hypotension most frequently in first use:A. clonidineB. nifedipineC. propranololD. enalaprilE. prazosin31. The reason that digoxin can reduce the ventricular rate of atrial fibrillation patient is:A. decreasing automaticity of ventriclesB. decreasing automaticity of atriaC. reducing the conduction of AVnodeD. improving cardiac ischemiaE. shortening the effective refractory period of atria32. All of the following measures can be used in the treatment of digoxininduced arrhythmiaEXCEPTA. stopping digoxin administration8B. diuretic agents such as furosemide are used to promote the excretion of digoxinC. phenytoin administrationD. atropine administrationE. lidocaine administration33. Which of the following effects of digoxin can NOT be seen in failure heart?A. slowing sinus rhythmB. increasing the oxygen consumption of myocardiaC. increasing the cardiac outputD. increasing the cardiac contractilityE. shortening atrial ERP34. A 70 year oldfemale is treated with sublingual nitroglycerin for her occasional bouts of angina. Which of the following is involved in the action of nitroglycerin?A. αadrenergicactivityB. phosphodiesterase activityC. phosphorylation of light chains of myosinD. norepinephrine releaseE. cGMP increased35. The therapeutic effect of β adrenergic receptor blockers such as propranolol in anginapectoris is believed to be primarily the result ofA. reduced production of catecholaminesB. dilation of the coronary vasculatureC. decreased requirement for myocardial oxygenD. increased peripheral resistanceE. increased sensitivity to catecholamines36. A 69yearoldmale with angina develops severe constipation following treatment withA. nitroglycerinB. gemfibrozil(吉非贝齐)C. propranololD. captoprilE. verapamil37. Which of the following drugs has relatively few electrophysiologic effects on normalmyocardial tissue but suppresses the arrhythmogenic tendencies of ischemic myocardialtissue?A. VerapamilB. LidocaineC. QuinidineD. PropranololE. Procainamide38. The firstline drug for treating acute attack of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia isA. adenosine9B. lidocaineC. quinidineD. digoxinE. procainamide39. Which of the following drugs is NOT suitable to treat the patient with angina pectorisaccompanied with asthma?A. nifedipineB. isosorbide dinitrateC. nitroglycerinD. verapamilE. propranolol40. Which of the following drugs decreases de novo cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting theenzyme HMG CoA reductase?A. nicotinic acidB. gemfibrozilC. lovastatinD. cholestyramine(考来烯胺)E. probucol41.Which of the following drugs can be used for Diabetics（typeⅡ）with renal insufficiencyA. gliclazideB. tolbutamideC. glibornurideD. gliquidoneE. glipizide42. The contraindication of Glucocorticoids isA. septicemiaB. iritisC. dermatomyositisD. epidemic parotitis(流行性腮腺炎)E. peptic ulcer43. Antiasthmatic that could inhibit leukotrienes release and increase cerebral blood flow isA. zileutonB. pemirolastC. ibudilastD. zafirlukastE. montelukast44. Which of the following statements about acetazolamide is WRONG？A. diuretic actionB. depresss the intracranial pressureC. acidify blood10D. alkalized urineE. hyperkalemia45. Which of the following drugs could promote macrophage production and enhance thenonspecific immunologic functionA. erythropoietinB. thrombopoietinC. MCSFD. MultiCSFE. GCSF46. Which of the following can be used for megaloblastic anemiaA. folic acidB. folic acid +VitB12C. folic acid +VitB6D. folic acid +VitB12 +VitB6E. folic acid +VitB12+VitB6+VitC47. A ll of the following are true about hydrochlorothiazide EXCEPTA. It can be used to treat hypercalcinuriaB. It can lead to hypoglycemiaC. It can increase the secretion of K + then cause hypokalemiaD. It can decrease blood pressure mildlyE. It can decrease the urinary output of diabetes insipidus patients48. Which of the statements about thiourea is WRONG?A. They inhibit synthesis of thyroxineB. They have immunosuppressive effectC. Propylthiouracil stimulates T4 transform to T3D. They can cause thyroid enlargement when long term usedE. They can excrete from milk and pass through placenta barrier49. The antibiotics which are potent against the pseudomonas aeruginosa areA. carbenicillin, polymyxin, gentamycin and tobramycineB. kanamycin, tobramycine, polymyxin and erythromycinC. amikacin, gentamycin, polymyxin and oxacillinD. amikacin, gentamycin, chloramphenicol and spectinomycinE. carbenicillin, ampicillin, Cephalexin and polymyxin50. Which of the following compatibility administration is correct?A. streptomycin + gentamicinB. penicillin + gentamicinC. streptomycin + furosemideD. penicillin + tetracyclineE. penicillin + chloramphenicol 51．Clavulanic acid can inhibit which one of the following enzymes?11A．Dihydrofolate synthetase B．peptidoglycan synthetaseC．βlactamaseD．DNA polymeraseE．dihydrofolate reductase52．The agent which can relieve AIDS and AIDS correlating syndrome isA. idoxuridineB. zidovudineC. acyclovirD. ribavirinE. adenine arabinoside53．Which of the following imidazoles have NO effect on fungus ?A. metronidazoleB. miconazoleC. clotrimazoleD. fluconazolE. ketoconazole54．Herxheimer reaction is caused by penicillin when it is used to treat：A．lobar pneumoniaB．tetanusC．viridans endocarditisD．bacterial meningitis E．leptospirosis55. Of the following, which is the best agent to use in pregnant patient with urinary tractinfection (UTI ) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis?A. tetracyclineB. levofloxacinC. gentamycinD. erythromycinE. SMZTMP56. The t1/2 of which of the following tetracyclines remains unchanged when the drug isadministered to an anuric patientA. methacyclineB. oxytetracyclineC. doxycyclineD. tetracyclineE. none of the above57. A 45yearoldfemale being treated for a chronic UTI develops acute alcohol intolerance.Which of the following agents could have caused this intolerance?A. cefoperazone12B. amoxicillinC. SMZD. norfloxacinE. tetracycline58. A patient with a pneumonia has a sputum culture that is positive for a staphylococcalstrain that is b lactamase positive.Which is the best choice of penicillin therapy in this patient?A. ampicillinB. oxacillinC. penicillin VD. penicillin GE. carbenicillin59. A 75 year oldwoman is hospitalized for pneumonia and treated with an intravenousantibiotic. On day three, she develops severe diarrhea. Stool is positive for Clostridiumdifficile toxin. What is the best treatment?A. clindamycinB. cefaclorC. metronidazoleD. erythromycinE. doxycycline60. The mechanism of action of chloramphenicol as an antibiotic is that itA. binds to the 30s ribosome subunitB. binds to the 50s ribosome subunitC. prevents cell membrane developmentD. inhibits cell wallsynthesisE. inhibits RNA polymeraseType X choice questions (one or more answers are correct)1. If the plasma concentration of a drug declines with “first orderkinetics”, it means thatA. There is only one metabolic path for drug dispositionB. The half lifeis the same regardless of plasma concentrationC. The drug is largely metabolized in the liver after oral administration and has low bioavailabilityD. The rate of elimination is proportional to the plasma concentrationE. the metabolic ability has reached saturation.2. Of the following, which will be blockedby atropine and scopolamine?A. bradycardiaB. salivary secretionC. bronchoconstriction13D. skeletal muscle contractionE. miosis3. The agents which can be used to treat glaucoma haveA. timololB. pindololC. physostigmineD. acetazolamideE. pilocarpine4. A 34yearoldwoman with schizophrenia has been treated for several years with variousdrugs. She is now being treated with fluphenazine and complains of amenorrhea(闭经) andgalactorrhea（溢乳）. Which of the following drugs would be appropriate to switch her medication toA. haloperidolB. risperidone (利培酮)C. olanzapine (奥氮平)D. clozapineE. thioridazine5. Which of the following drugs may cause dependence?A. methadoneB. naloxoneC. ibuprofenD. buspironeE. diazepam6. Which of the following drugs can be used in treatment of depressive disorder?A. imipramineB. fluoxetineC. perphenazineD. selegilineE. paroxetine7. The agents which are effective in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease are A. pirenzepineB. amantadineC. anisodamineD. levodopaE. scopolamine8. Which of the following statements about the treatment of chronic heart failure are right?A. Patients with evidence of fluid retention should receive a diuretic.B. Treatment with an ACE inhibitor and a βRblocker should be initiated and maintained unless specifically contraindicated.C. Digoxin may be added if needed to reduce symptoms or to slow the ventricular repsonse14in patients with rapid atrial fibrillation. D. Patients with severe heart failure should also receive a βRblockerE. Spironolactone may reduce mortality in patients with severe heart failure9. Precautions advisable when using lovastatin includeA. serum transaminase measurementsB. renal function studiesC. acoustic measurementD. serum creatinine kinase measurementsE. monthly complete blood counts10. Precautions advisable when using amiodarone includeA. serum transaminase measurementsB. renal function studiesC. acoustic measurementD. serum T3、T4 measurementsE. Xraychest check11. In a hypertensive patient who is taking insulin to treat diabetes, which of the followingdrugs is to be used with extra caution and advice to the patient?A. prazosinB. hydralazineC. propranololD. captoprilE. losartan12. Drugs that can enhance the sensitivity of insulin includeA. repaglinideB. rosiglitazoneC. pioglitazoneD. acarboseE. metformin13. The antiinflammatory mechanisms of glucocorticoids (GCS) includeA. GCS combined with GRE ,induce synthesis of ACEB. GCS combined with GRE ,induce synthesis of lipocortin1C. GCS combined with nGRE ,inhibit the expression of ICAM1and ELAM1D. GCS promote the apoptosis of inflammatory cellE. GCS combined with steroid receptor of cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane.14. Which of the following statements about cimetidine are WRONGA. increase the secreation of gastric acidB. block androgen receptorC. enhance the immunologic functionD. induce acne（痤疮）E. treat zolingerEllisonsyndrom and countercurrent esophagitis 1515. Which of the following megaloblastic amemia are NOT the indication of folic acidA. megaloblastic anemia caused by AIDSB. megaloblastic anemia caused by TMPC. megaloblastic anemia caused by MTXD. megaloblastic anemia caused by pyrimethamine(乙胺嘧啶)E. megaloblastic anemia caused by malignant tumor 16. The drugs which can protect gastric mucosa and inhibit helicobacter pylori includeA. omeprazoleB. sucralfateC. colloidal bismuth subcitrateD. cimetidineE. pirenzepine17. Quinolones can NOT be used to patients whoA. have epilepsy historyB. are in growth and development periodC. are taking antiacidD. are pregnantE. are allergic to penicillin18．Besides their antibacterial activity, macrolides agents alsoA．promote gastrointestinal motility B．have strong immunosuppressive action C．be used to treat bronchial asthma D．expel parasite in intestinal tract E．have antitumor action19．Of the following, the true statements about Rifampin areA. it can produce resistance to mycobacterium tuberculosis when administered onlyB. it is effective on chlamydia trachomatisC. it has no effect on Staphylococcus aureusD. it is inductor of liver drug enzymeE. it can interfere with RNA synthesis20. The agents that can inhibit bacterial protein synthesis includeA. clindamycinB. streptomycinC. amantadineD. isoniazideE. azithromycin二、选择题1.A2.E3.E4.B5.C6.D7.D8.D9.A 10.C 11.D 12.D 13.E14.D 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.D 21.B 22.B 23.A 24.D 25.D 26.C 27.D28.E 29.E 30.E 31.C 32.B 33.B 34.E 35.C 36.E 37.B 38.A 39.E40.C 41.D 42.E 43.C 44.E 45.C 46.E 47.B 48.C 49.A 50.B 51.C52.B 53.A 54.E 55.D 56.C 57.A 58.B 59.C 60.B 61.BD 62.ABCE63.ACDE 64.BCD 65.AE 66.ABDE 67.BDE 68.ABCE 69.AD 70.ADE71.CD 72.BC 73.ABCDE 74.AD 75.BCD 76.ABC 77.ABCD78.ABCDE 79.ABDE 80ABE山东大学医学院（2006 ——2007 学年第二学期）2004 级临床医学七年制药理学期末考试试题（A 卷）一、选择题：（A 型每题0.5 分，X 型每题1 分, 共50 分）Type A Choice questions (only one answer is correct)1．A drug with t1/2 3 hours is given intravenously, the steady state of plasma concentrationcan be expected withinA．3 hrsB．8 hrsC．10 hrsD．15 hrsE．20 hrs2．Which of the following is true for a drug whose elimination from plasma shows first orderkinetics?A. the half lifeof the drug is proportional to the drug concentration in plasmaB. the amount eliminated per unit time is constantC. the rate of elimination is proportional to the plasma concentrationD. elimination involves a rate limiting enzyme reaction operating at its maximal velocityE. a plot of drug concentration versus time is a straight line3．A drug eliminated with first order kinetics, the concentration of the drug in plasma is200mg/L, at 10 o ’ clock in the morning after administration of a single dose, the drug plasmaconcentration is 25 mg/L, at 10 o ’ clock on second day morning, its t1/2 isA．4hB．6hC．12hD．24hE．8h4. Aspirin is a weak acid with 4.5 of pKa, what percentage of lipidsolubleform will be in thestomach juice with 2.5 of pH?A. 0.99%B. 9%C. 9.09%D. 90.9%E. 99.0%5. In this graph，drugs A，B and C are analogs，thenA. A has a greater potency than BB. A has a greater efficacy than CC. B has less potency than CD. A has a greater potency than CE. B has a greater efficacy than C6. Which of the following statements is correct?A. if 10mg of drug A produces the same response as 100mg of drug B, drug A is moreefficacious than drug B.B. the greater the efficacy, the greater the potency of a drugC. in selecting a drug, potency is usually more important than efficacyD. a competitive antagonist increases ED50E. variation in response to a drug among different individuals is most likely to occur with adrug showing a large therapeutic index7. Among the following drugs, which will be excreted most quickly in acidic urine？A. a weak acid drug with pKa of 5.5B. a weak base drug with pKa of 7.5C. a weak base drug with pKa of 4.5D. a weak acid drug with pKa of 3.5E. a weak base drug with pKa of 6.58. The mechanism of treating phenobarbital poisoning with bicarbonate sodium is that itA. neutralizes PhenobarbitalB. stimulates Phenobarbital transference from the brain to the plasmaC. alkalinizes urine fluid, prevents Phenobarbital from reuptake, and stimulates excretion ofdrugD. both B and C are rightE. both A and C are right9. After repeated administration of phenobarbital sodium, the patients complainthe drug is less useful, this phenomenon is calledA. toleranceB. resistanceC. dependenceD. side reactionE. residual effect10. The effect of pilocarpine on eye isA. miosis, increase intraocular pressure, paralysis of accommodationB. miosis, decrease intraocular pressure, spasm of accommodationC. mydriasis, decrease intraocular pressure, paralysis of accommodationD. mydriasis, increase intraocular pressure, spasm of accommodationE. mydriasis, increase intraocular pressure, paralysis of accommodation11. All of the following statements are related with succinylcholine EXCEPTA. have muscle fasciculation before muscle relaxationB. have no ganglionic blocking actions at therapeutic doseC. can be antagonized by neostigmineD. elevate blood potassium concentrationE. assistant agents of anesthetics12. A male patient is brought to the emergency department following ingestion of an unknownsubstance. He is found to have an elevated temperature, hot and flushed skin, dilated pupils,and tachycardia. Of the following, which would most likely cause these findings?A. propranololB. tolazolineC. prazosinD. organophosphateE. atropine13. A predictably dangerous side effect of metoprolol that constitutes a contraindication to itsclinical use in susceptible patients is the induction ofA. hypertensionB. cardiac arrhythmiaC. asthmatic attacksD. angina pectorisE. hypersensitivity414. Which of the following therapeutic projects would be used in the treatment of patient withserious organophosphate intoxication? A．atropine + norepinephrine B．atropine+ neostigmineC．atropine + pralidoxime iodide D．atropine + epinephrineE．atropine + morphine15. The released norepinephrine is disposed mainly byA．the metabolism in the liver B．enzymatic inactivationC．reuptake by the neuronal terminal D．hydrolysisE. MAO and COMT in the circulation16. The elevated blood pressure caused byepinephrine may be reversed by A．propranololB．phentolamineC．norepinephrineD．nicotineE．atropine17. Epinephrine may be mixed with certain anesthetics, such as procaine, in order toA. stimulate local wound repairB. increase the potency of the local anestheticsC. enhance their interaction with neural membranes and their ability to depress nerveconductionD. retard their systemic absorptionE. facilitate their distribution along nerves 18．Which is correct description about the βadrenoceptoreffect?A．both cardiac excitation and bronchial dilation belong to β1 effectB．both cardiac excitation and bronchial dilation belong to β2 effectC．both cardiac excitation and vascular dilation belong to β1 effectD．both cardiac excitation and vascular dilation belong to β2 effe ctE．both vascular dilation and bronchial dilation belong to β2 effect19. Which is NOT the indication of phentolamine?A．shockB．diagnosis of pheochromacytoma C．male sexual dysfunctionD．primary hypertensionE．peripheral vascular occlusive disorders20. Chlorpromazine can be used forA. hypertensionB.hypothermic anesthesiaC. epilepsyD. comaE. coronary heart disease21. Which of the following statements about aspirin is incorrect?A. its analgesia is due to inhibition of PG synthesisB. it is mainly used to relieve headache and other dull painC. its main adverse effect is GI reactionD. it can inhibit lipoxidaseE. it inhibits the synthesis of both PGI2 and TXA222. Extrapyramidal symptoms caused by chlorpromazine is due toA. blocking DA receptor in midbrainlimbic systemB. inhibiting αreceptorin brainC. inhibiting DA receptor in tuberoinfunfibular pathwayD. inhibiting M receptorin CNSE. blocking DA receptor in nigro striatal pathway23. The main reason for the combination use of levodopa with carbidopa isA. to increase the absorption of LdopaB. to inhibit levodopa decarboxylation in the peripheryC. to inhibit MAOD. to inhibit COMTE. to increase Ldopaconverting to dopamine directly24. A three month oldinfant is brought to the emergency room with seizures of thetonicclonictype. His mother reports that these seizures have been occurring for 50min. The treatment of choice isA. DiazepamB. phenytoinC. phenobarbitalD. carbamazepineE. valproate sodium25. Which one of the following analgesic drugs can be used for artificial。
药学英语试题及答案
药学英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "pharmacology" refers to the study of:A. The origin of drugsB. The effects of drugs on the bodyC. The synthesis of drugsD. The distribution of drugs答案：B2. Which of the following is not a route of drug administration?A. OralB. IntravenousC. InhalationD. Electrolysis答案：D3. The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the concentration of the drug in the body to:A. DoubleB. TripleC. QuadrupleD. Decrease by half答案：D4. Which of the following is a common side effect of antibiotics?A. Dry mouthB. DiarrheaC. InsomniaD. All of the above答案：B5. The abbreviation "IV" stands for:A. IntravenousB. IntramuscularC. IntraperitonealD. Intradermal答案：A6. The term "bioavailability" refers to the:A. Percentage of a drug that is absorbed into the systemic circulationB. Percentage of a drug that is excreted unchangedC. Percentage of a drug that is metabolized in the liverD. Percentage of a drug that is stored in fat tissues答案：A7. Which of the following is a type of drug interaction?A. SynergismB. AntagonismC. PotentiationD. All of the above答案：D8. The therapeutic index of a drug is a measure of its:A. EfficacyB. SafetyC. Cost-effectivenessD. Taste答案：B9. The term "prodrug" refers to a drug that:A. Is already active when administeredB. Requires metabolic activation to become activeC. Is a combination of two drugsD. Is a drug that has been discontinued答案：B10. Which of the following is a method for enhancing drug solubility?A. Salt formationB. Coating with a polymerC. MicronizationD. All of the above答案：D二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. The ________ of a drug refers to its ability to reach the site of action in the body.答案：pharmacokinetics2. A drug that is administered as a liquid and is intended to be swallowed is called a ________.答案：solution3. The ________ of a drug is the maximum amount that can be given without causing harmful effects.答案：therapeutic dose4. A drug that is used to treat a specific disease or condition is called a ________.答案：therapeutic agent5. The ________ of a drug is the minimum amount that will produce a therapeutic effect.答案：therapeutic dose6. A drug that is used to prevent a disease or condition is called a ________.答案：prophylactic agent7. The ________ of a drug is the study of its effects on biological systems.答案：pharmacodynamics8. A drug that is used to alleviate symptoms without treating the underlying cause is called a ________.答案：symptomatic agent9. The ________ of a drug is the process by which it isremoved from the body.答案：elimination10. A drug that is used to treat a wide range of conditionsis called a ________.答案：broad-spectrum agent三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between a generic drug and a brand-name drug.答案：A generic drug is a copy of a brand-name drug that has the same dosage form, safety, strength, quality, performance characteristics, and intended use. A brand-name drug is the original version of a drug that has beendeveloped by a pharmaceutical company and is protected by a patent.2. What are the factors that can influence the absorption ofa drug?答案：Factors that can influence the absorption of a drug include the route of administration, the formulation of the drug, the presence of food in the stomach, the pH of the gastrointestinal tract, and the individual's health status.3. Describe the process of drug metabolism.答案：Drug metabolism is the process by which the body breaks down and eliminates drugs. It typically involves two phases: Phase I reactions, which involve oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis to make the drug more polar, and Phase。
英文药理学考卷样题
I n s t i t u t e o f P h a r m a c e u t i c a l S c i e n c e s S C H O O L O F P H A R M A C E U T I C A L S C I E N C E SS O U T H E R N M E D I C A L U N I V E R S I T YF I N A L E X A M I N A T I O N F O R P H A R M A C O L OG Y—P A P E R1A U T U M N S E M E S T E R,2007U n d e r g r a d u a t e o f P r e c l i n i c a l M e d i c i n eS T U D E N T N A M E:R O L L N U M B E R:S U B J E C T(T I T L E):C O U R S E C O D E:Q U A L I T Y C H E C K S I G N A T U R E:I N S T R U C T I O N S:P L E A S E R E A D T H E F O L L O W I N G I N S T R U C T I O N S C A R E F U L L Y B E F O R E P R O C E E D I N G1.W r i t e y o u r n a m e a n d r o l l n u m b e r(o n t h e r i g h t t o p o f e a c h a n s w e r s h e e t)C L E A R L Y;2.T h i s i s y o u r f i n a l e x a m i n a t i o n,p l e a s e w r i t e c a r e f u l l y;3.T h e e x a m i n a t i o n p a p e r M U S T N O T b e t a k e n o u t o f t h e e x a m i n a t i o n r o o m;4.R e a d t h e d i r e c t i o n s c a r e f u l l y b e f o r e a n s w e r i n g e a c h q u e s t i o n;5.P e n s a n d e r a s e r s m a y b e u s e d,b u t c a l c u l a t o r s,c e l l p h o n e s a r e f o r b i d d e n;;6.W E I G H T I N G:T h i s p a p e r c o n s i s t s o f T W O s e c t i o n s.A l l o c a t i o n o f m a r k s i s l i s t e d a s f o l l o w s.S t u d e n t s a r e a d v i s e d t o u s e t h e m a r k i n g s y s t e m a s a g u i d e t o t h e a m o u n t o f t i m e t o b e u s e d o n e a c h q u e s t i o n.S E C T I O N A:MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (60×1=50)Directions: Each question in this section is a multiple-choice question with five answer choices. Read each question carefully and choose the ONE best answer. Record your answer on the answer document in the space that corresponds to the question number. Completely fill in the space that has the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Use only a No. 2B lead pencil.1. Receptors are macromolecules that(A) Are designed to attract drugs(B) Are resistant to antagonists(C) Exist as targets for physiological neurotransmittersand hormones(D) Are only on the outer surface of cells(E) Are only inside of cells2. Which of the following chemical bonds would createan irreversible combination of an antagonistwith its receptor?(A) Ionic bond(B) Hydrogen bond(C) Van der Waals bond(D) Covalent bond(E) None of them3. The body has developed defense mechanisms that reduce the amount of foreign chemicals, such as drugs, that enter the body. One of the more prominent of these mechanisms is an efflux transport system that pumps some drugs back into the intestinal lumen following absorption into the enterocytes and that is responsible for the lack of complete absorption of some drugs. This efflux transport system is:(A) Facilitated diffusion(B) P glycoprotein(C) Cytochrome P450 3A(D) Pinocytosis(E) None of them4. Concerning regulation of CYP-mediated drug metabolism, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT(A) Drugs that competitively inhibit CYP enzymes cause a decrease in concentrations of the object (original) drug.(B) Induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes results in a decrease in concentrations of the object (original) drug, thus potentially reducing efficacy.(C) Induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes frequently requires the synthesis of new enzyme protein and thus may not occur immediately upon introductionof the inducing agent.(D) Mechanism-based inactivation results in irreversible inactivation of the enzyme that lasts for the duration of the enzyme molecule.(E) None of them5. Drug presence in breast milk is most likely for:(A) Drugs highly bound to plasma proteins(B) Lipid-soluble molecules(C) Large ionized water-soluble molecules(D) Acidic compounds(E) None of them6. For a drug such as piroxicam with a 40-hour halflife and being dosed once daily (i.e., every 24 hours), steady state will be reached shortly following which DOSE (not which half-life)?(A) 1st dose(B) 3rd dose(C) 5th dose(D) 8th dose(E) 12th dose7. It is well established that most drugs taken by pregnant women are capable of crossing the placenta and reaching the developing fetus. The placenta itself can aid in the protection of the fetus from excessive exposure to drugs in the maternal circulation by(A) Impairing diffusion of lipid soluble drugs(B) Preventing the passage of drugs having a molecular weight under 250(C) Playing a role as a site of drug metabolism(D) Secreting drugs from the fetal circulation to the maternal circulation(E) None.15. A dental technician begins to display symptoms, including tremors, depression, and insomnia.Which of the following chemicals present in the workplace may be responsible for the symptoms?(A) Solvents used in dental adhesives(B) Fluoride used in oral rinses(C) Mercury used in the preparation of amalgams(D) Lidocaine used as an anesthetic(E) None17. You are a staff physician at a major chemical manufacturing company. A worker on the maintenance crew has complained of being light-headed and tired occasionally at work and that if it occurs, it clears up after he leaves for the day. He was asked to write down where he had worked on the days this occurred; these are listed below. In which of these areas is he most likely to have exposures that would cause these symptoms?(A) Herbicide production area(B) Insecticide packaging area(C) Label printing area(D) Kitchen area of the cafeteria(E) None18. When does a conflict of interest occur?(A) When an individual’s private goals are inconsistent with that person’s official responsibilities(B) When an individual’s research interests are in conflict with the research of an individual in another institution or corporation(C) When two researchers want to do research in the same area but there is only enough available funding for one researcher to do the research adequately(D) When an individual has a conflict between his or her research interests and the requirements set forth by the Nuremberg Code(E) None19. All of the following types of cells are innervated by the autonomic nervous system EXCEPT:(A) Smooth muscle of blood vessels(B) Skeletal muscle(C) Sinoatrial node(D) Salivary glands(E) Intestinal smooth muscle20. This question is based on the information provided in the accompanying diagram. Shown is the effect of applying norepinephrine on the arterial pressure of an isolated (in vitro) segment of artery from an experimental animal before and after adding drug X to the tissue. Drug X is present during the second application of norepinephrine. Drug X is most likely:(A) Guanethidine(B) Propranolol(C) Cocaine(D) Prazosin(E) Atropine21. A patient has developed glaucoma that is refractory to noncholinergic therapies. You decide to prescribe eyedrops containing pilocarpine, but you are concerned about the patient’s ability to self-administer the drops. The most sensitive indicator of excessive administration of pilocarpine is(A) An increased heart rate(B) A decreased heart rate(C) Mental confusion(D) Constriction of the pupil(E) None22. Which of the responses to atropine listed below is most likely to be different in an elderly versus a young patient?(A) Inhibition of sweating(B) Tachycardia(C) Mydriasis(D) Drowsiness(E) None23. Digitalis functions to improve congestive heart failure by(A) Induction of emesis(B) Activation of _-adrenergic receptors(C) Improving survival in patients of heart failure(D) Binding to and inhibiting the Na–K ATPase enzyme in cardiac myocytes(E) Deactivation of the angiotensin receptor24. A 45-year-old woman has had recurrent episodes of atrial fibrillation. She is receiving phenytoin and quinidine to control the atrial fibrillation. She is also taking a low dose of diazepam for insomnia and estrogen replacement therapy.You learn today that she has been receiving ciprofloxacin for a urinary track infection.The reason for her appointment today is that she has been having ringing in the ears, headache, nausea, and blurred vision. She tells you that she is also having trouble hearing the television. You suspect drug toxicity.The most likely agent is(A) Ciprofloxacin(B) Estrogen(C) Phenytoin(D) Diazepam(E) Quinidine25. A patient comes to your office with effort-induced angina and resting tachycardia.You choose the following drug to treat the patient because it slows heart rate by blocking L-type calcium channels in the SA node:(A) Verapamil(B) Propranolol(C) Nitroglycerin(D) Isosorbide dinitrate(E) Metoprolol26. Metoprolol would produce which beneficial effect in a patient with secondary angina?(A) A decrease in preload(B) An increase in collateral blood flow(C) An increase in afterload(D) An increase in diastolic filling time(E) An increase in blood flow through a concentricStenosis27. The most potent vasoconstrictor known is(A) Bradykinin(B) Angiotensin II(C) Angiotensin IV(D) Natriuretic peptide(E) Endothelin28. Which of the following statements most accurately characterize the cellular action of the calcium channel blockers?(A) Their interaction with membrane phospholipids results in a nonselective decrease of ion transport.(B) They inhibit the Na_–Ca__ exchanger in cardiac and smooth muscle.(C) They interact at three distinct sites at the Ltype voltage-gated calcium channels.(D) Their interaction with the sodium pump results in an inhibition of calcium transport.(E) None29. All of the following adverse effects are likely to occur with long-term use of calcium channel blockers EXCEPT(A) Skeletal muscle weakness(B) Flushing(C) Dizziness(D) Headache(E) None30. Which of the following antihypertensive drugs is contraindicated in a hypertensive patient with a pheochromocytoma?(A) Metyrosine(B) Labetalol(C) Prazosin(D) Phenoxybenzamine(E) Guanethidine31. When a patient is treated with a thiazide diuretic for hypertension, all of the following are likely EXCEPT:(A) The fall of blood pressure that occurs in the first 2 weeks of therapy results from a decrease of extracellular volume.(B) The sustained fall in blood pressure that occurs after several weeks of therapy is due to a decrease of intravascular resistance.(C) After the blood pressure is reduced, hypokalemia remains a complication.(D) Hyperuricemia may occur.(E) Hypoglycemia may occur.32. Which of the following statements describe why warfarin is not used to prevent blood coagulation in blood collection devices used at blood donating centers?(A) Warfarin does not bind to plastic tubing or glass.(B) The anticoagulant effect of warfarin occurs only in vivo.(C) Warfarin is a prodrug, which must be activated in the liver into the active compound.(D) The gastric enzymes needed to convert Rwarfarin into S-warfarin are unstable near plastic.(E) Warfarin is chemically unstable and is degraded unless made fresh and used immediately.33. Agents that potentiate the actions of GABA in the brain will likely have which of the following effects?(A) Elevate blood pressure(B) Provide sedation(C) Cause seizures(D) Relieve pain(E) None34. Frequently vasoconstrictors are combined with local anesthetics to delay absorption of the anesthetic from its injection site. What is the most widely employed agent?(A) Dopamine(B) Phenylephrine(C) Levonordefrin(D) Epinephrine(E) Cocaine35. Opisthotonos is a convulsive condition that is often associated with the ingestion of strychnine. This condition is associated with all of the following EXCEPT(A) Antagonism of the inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter glycine(B) The predominance of glycine as an inhibitory amino acid transmitter in the spinal cord(C) Antagonism of the inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter GABA(D) The convulsions lead to tonic extension of the body and all limbs(E) None36. A 54-year-old man is scheduled for an elective colonoscopy that will take approximately 20 minutes. Which of the following drugs would be most likely to produce the desired anesthesia and anterograde amnesia?(A) Buspirone(B) Zephalon(C) Midazolam(D) Chlordiazepoxide(E) Hydroxyzine37. Many anticonvulsant drugs, as a major part of their mechanism of action, block the sodium channel, but other effective agents do not use this mechanism. Which of the following anticonvulsants has the ability to block T-calcium currents as its primary mechanism of action?(A) Ethosuximide(B) Phenytoin(C) Topiramate(D) Carbamazepine(E) Lamotrigine38. Which of the following antidepressants is most selective for inhibition of neuronal reuptake of serotonin?(A) Mirtazapine (Remeron)(B) Venlafaxine (Effexor)(C) Bupropion (Wellbutrin)(D) Sertraline (Zoloft)(E) Imipramine (Tofranil)39. Which of the following statements about antidepressant medications is most appropriate?(A) They all have a delay of approximately 48 hours for onset of benefit.(B) There are large differences in efficacy among individual agents.(C) Some benefit is expected in 65 to 80% of patients treated with an antidepressant for major depression.(D) The major contribution of the newer antidepressants lies in the marked improvement in duration of action.(E) None40. Which of the following agents possesses pharmacological actions characterized by high antipsychotic potency, high potential for extrapyramidal toxicity, and a low likelihood of causing sedation?(A) Thioridazine(B) Haloperidol(C) Flumazenil(D) Clozapine(E) Carbamazepine41. An advantage of celecoxib over most other NSAIDs is(A) Less inhibition of PGE2 effects on the gastric mucosal(B) Less risk of bronchospasm and hypersensitivity reactions(C) Once-daily dosing allows the patient convenience(D) Less risk of harm to the developing fetus in the third trimester(E) Greater degree of efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis42. Allopurinol reduces serum urate levels by(A) Promoting the active secretion of uric acid in kidneys(B) Inhibiting uric acid synthesis(C) Impairing renal urate reabsorption(D) Decreasing metabolism of uric acid(E) None43. The antigen-mediated release of histamine can(A) Be inhibited by the binding of histamine to H3-receptors on mast cells(B) Be stimulated by _2-adrenoceptor agonists(C) Be initiated by organic bases such as morphine without prior sensitization(D) Occur only in the tissues, not in the blood(E) Produce pain and itching through an effect on sensory nerve endings44. The underlying pathophysiology of asthma is best described by which of the following statements?(A) Asthma is a psychosomatic disorder.(B) Asthma is caused by an aberrant response to vaccinations.(C) Asthma is a disease of airway inflammation.(D) Asthma is a disorder of the lung parenchyma.(E) Asthma is an infectious disease.45. Symptoms typically produced by inhaled _-adrenoceptor agonists include which of the following?(A) Tachycardia, dizziness, and nervousness(B) Dysphonia, candidiasis, and sore throat(C) Dyspepsia and Churg-Strauss syndrome(D) Nausea, agitation, and convulsions(E) Muscle tremor, tachycardia, and palpitations46. A 62-year-old woman on hemodialysis is scheduled for a screening colonoscopy.Which should be prescribed for her colonic preparation?(A) Visicol(B) Fleet Phospho soda(C) Magnesium citrate(D) Dulcolax(E) GoLYTELY47. Several very useful dermatological agents are derived directly from plants.A compound occurring in the May apple is(A) Interferon_-2b(B) Mycophenolate mofetil(C) Methotrexate(D) 6-Thioguanine(E) Podophyllotoxin48. Which commercial product would you prescribe for a recovering alcoholic?(A) Act(B) Plax(C) Total(D) Peridex(E) Listerine49. Choose the best answer. Selective toxicity is(A) What the drug does to the patient(B) What the patient does to the drug(C) What the pathogen does to the patient(D) What the drug does to the pathogen(E) What the pathogen does to the drug50. A 24-year-old AIDS patient is interested in starting chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and cerebral toxoplasmosis. He has no drug allergies.Which of the following prophylactic agents is appropriate for the prevention of both PCP and cerebral toxoplasmosis?(A) Nitrofurantoin(B) Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole(C) Norfloxacin(D) Methenamine(E) Nalidixic acid51. A 32-year-old man with quadriplegia and neurogenic bladder was admitted to the hospital from a long-term care facility.The patient had vomiting, fever, and cloudy urine.A year ago, the patient developed urticaria, wheezing, and hypotension within an hour after his first dose of nafcillin. Subsequently his penicillin skin test was positive. During the current admission, the physician examiner noted fever, quadriplegia, and chronic indwelling bladder catheter. Laboratory tests revealed leukocytosis in blood and urine. Urine stain showed gram-negative rods, and urine culture grew P. aeruginosa. Which of the following drugs would be most appropriate for this patient?(A) Ampicillin–sulbactam(B) Aztreonam(C) Cefazolin(D) Imipenem–cilastatin(E) Piperacillin–tazobactam52. Parents brought their 3-year-old boy to the outpatient clinic because of a facial rash.Today the patient was one of several children sent home from day care because of similar rashes. Physical examination revealed a normal, healthy boy with discrete erythematous papular eruptions on his cheeks. There were no vesicles or bullae.The rash was covered with ahoney crust, suggesting impetigo.Which of the following treatments would be most appropriate?(A) Dapsone(B) Dicloxacillin(C) Doxycycline(D) Ketoconazole(E) Penciclovir53. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are frequently used in combination with the β-lactam antibiotics. Which of the following choices best explains the rationale for this use?(A) The combination provides for a much greater spectrum of activity.(B) A synergistic effect is often seen when the combination is employed.(C) Theβ-lactam antibiotics prevent toxic effects of the aminoglycoside antibiotics.(D) The combination decreases incidence of superinfections.(E) None54. A 39-year-old man has AIDS and a CD4 count less than 50. Recently he has had chills and fever. Several blood cultures drawn especially for acid-fast bacilli are positive.Which antibiotic should be included in a treatment regimen for this disease?(A) Tetracycline(B) Amoxicillin(C) Cephalexin(D) Clarithromycin(E) Doxycycline55. Effective interventions for treating a minor surgical suture site infection should definitely include one of the following choices:(A) Polymyxins(B) Bacitracin(C) Triple antibiotics ( bacitracin, Polymyxin B, andneomycin) ointment(D) IV vancomycin(E) Observation56. A 35-year-old man under treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis has acute-onset right big toe pain, swelling, and low- grade fever. His physical examination was consistent with gouty arthritis, and he was found to have high serum uric acid levels. Which of the following antituberculosis drugs is known to cause high uric acid levels?(A) Cycloserine(B) Thiacetazone(C) Pyrazinamide(D) Rifampin(E) Aminosalicylic acid57. A 32-year-old Haitian man has acute-onset confusion and suicidal ideation.Two weeks ago he began combination therapy for multi–drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. He has a history of depression that required intermittent treatment in the past. Which of the following antitubercular agents is responsible for the patient’s neurological symptoms?(A) Pyrazinamide(B) Aminosalicylic acid(C) Cycloserine(D) Rifampin(E) Ethambutol58. A 43-year-old woman recently underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after chemotherapy failed in the treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma.The patient has had a stormy hospital course after her transplant, with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. A month into her hospitalization, surveillance sputum cultures reveal Aspergillus fumigatus, and a new infiltrate appears on her chest radiograph.Which antifungal agent is recommended for the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in this patient?(A) Fluconazole(B) Amphotericin B(C) Amphotericin B with 5-flucytosine(D) Capsofungin(E) Itraconazole59. Combination chemotherapy is frequently used and is often superior to single-agent treatment. All of the following principles have been used in designing combinations EXCEPT which of the following?(A) Each drug in the combination regimen should have some therapeutic activity individually.(B) Drugs with different dose-limiting toxicities should be used to avoid damage to a single organ.(C) Several cycles of treatment should be given.(D) Intensive intermittent schedules of drug treatment.(E) Drugs with similar dose-limiting toxicities should be used as initial combination therapy.60. The primary goal of glucocorticoid treatment in rheumatic arthritis is(A) Suppression of inflammation and improvement in functional capacity(B) Eradication of all symptoms(C) Reversal of the degenerative process(D) Development of a sense of well-being in the patient(E) Prevention of suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axisS E C T I O N B:ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS [4 × 10 = 40]1.What are the differences between first-order and zero-order kinetics?2.What are the relationship between drug action and drug effect? What are therelationship between drug effect and therapeutic effect and adverse reaction?3.What are the clinical use of β-receptor blockers?4.What are the effects of glucocorticoids?。
药理学英文习题(教研室版)
Ⅰ.Choice QuestionsType A1 .The half-life of a drug is2 hours, how much is the K?A. 0.1 (h-1)B. 0.2 (h-1)C. 0.3 (h-1)D. 0.35 (h-1)E. 2 (h-1)2. Which of the following statements about first-order kinetics elimination is true?A. The elimination rate is fastB. The elimination rate is slowC. There is no relationship between the amount of drug in the bodyand elimination rateD. The elimination of drug is in direct proportion to the bloodconcentration of the drugE. The elimination of drug is in inverse ratio to the amount of drugin the body3. As far as some drug is concerned, which of the following statements concerning the drug's combination with plasmaprotein is true?A. The higher the binding rate, the stronger the curative effectB. The lower the binding rate, the stronger the curative effectC. The higher the binding rate, the faster the excretionD. There is not relationship between binding rate and curative effectE. All of the above are incorrect4. Which of the following administrations can immediately reach the plateau concentration?A. Decreasing dose, increasing times of administrationB. Decreasing administering intervalC. Increasing administering intervalD. Administration of loading doseE. Frequent administration by iv5 .In general, the weak acid drugs in basic solution areA. weakly ionized, pass across the biomembrane easilyB. strongly ionized, pass across the biomembrane easilyC. strongly ionized, pass across the biomembrane hardlyD. weakly ionized, pass across the biomembrane hardlyE. all of above are incorrect6. If the stomach juice pH is1. 4 and plasma pH is7.4, how much is the drug concentration ratio of plasma to stomach juice for a weak acidic drug with pKa 5.4 when the distribution reach to equilibrium？A.50B.100C.1000D.10000E.0.17. All of the following statements are applicable to the sublingual route of administration EXCEPTA. plasma concentration decreased by first pass eliminationB. lipid soluble drugs will be absorbed rapidlyC. Irritant drugs should not be given by this routeD. blood flow through the mucosa is highE. taste of drugs limits the usefulness of this route8. Which of the following can be advisable to treat hemorrhage of digestive tract?A. Norepinephrine oral administrationB. Norepinephrine iv administrationC. Norepinephrine im administrationD. Norepinephrine subcutaneous injectionE. Adrenaline oral administration9. Phentolamine can most likely be used to treatA. peripheral arterial spasmB. angina pectorisC. arrhythmiaD. hypertensionE. peptic ulcer10. Which of the following drugs can be used to treat intoxication of succinylcholine?A. NeostigmineB. AtropineC. AdrenalineD. Pyraloxime methiodideE. Nikethamide11. Which of the following drugs can be administered sublingually or inhaled in treating bronchi asthma?A. AdrenalineB. IsoprenalineC. EphedrineD. PhenylephrineE. Aminophylline12. After injection of propranolol, the influence of phentolamine on blood pressure isA. first up, then downB. up onlyC. down onlyD. first down, then upE. the same as before13. Which of the following drugs could pass through the blood-brain barrier and cause insomnia ?A. AdrenalineB. DopamineC. EphedrineD. IsoprenalineE. Norepinephrine14. Which of the following is not the contraindication ofβ-receptor blockers?A. chronic heart failureB. atrioventricular blockC. bronchial asthmaD. high blood pressureE. sinus bradycardia15. Which of the following drugs would be used to treat myasthenia gravis?A. AtropineB. NeostigmineC. AcetylcholineD. ScopolamineE. Carbachol16. Which of the following sympathomimetic agents will most likelylead to arrhythmia and ventricular fibrillation?A. EphedrineB. AdrenalineC. MetaraminolD. DopamineE. Norepinephrine17. In which of the following conditions atropine can most likely be contraindicatedA. GlaucomaB. Intestinal spasmC. Infective shockD. IridocyclitisE. All of above18. Which of the following drugs can be used to treat heart cardiac failurecaused by myocardial infarction?A. AtropineB. IsoprenalineC. DobutamineD. NorepinephrineE. Ephedrine19. Which of the following drugs is applicable to treat allergic shock?A. IsoproterenolB. AdrenalineC. NorepinephrineD. PhenoxybenzamineE. Atropine20 .All of the following statements about the action of neosynephrine are true EXCEPTA. long effective spanB. it is stronger than NE in decreasing the renal blood flowC. mydriasisD. it isn't used to enhance the intraocular pressureE. it can be used to treat paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia21. Which of the following drugs can most likely be used to treat infective shockand intractable heart failure?A.IsoprenalineB.PhentolamineC.PhenoxybenzamineD.ReserpineE.Atropine22. Renal vasodilation caused by dopamine is becauseA. it stimulates the renal α-receptorB. it stimulates the renal β1-receptorC. it stimulates the renal β2-receptorD. it stimulates the renal DA receptorsE. it stimulates the renal DA and M receptors23. A patient who has "spasms of accommodation"、miosis、increasedsweating and excessive salivation may have been givenA. a ganglionic blocking drugB. a muscarinic blocking drugC. an anticholinesterase drugD. a β1-adrenoceptor blocking drugE. an α-adrenoceptor blocking drug24. Which of the following therapeutic projects would be used in the treatment of patient withserious organophosphate intoxication?A. AtropineB. Atropine + neostigmineC. Atropine + pyraloxime methoiodideD. Atropine + norepinephrineE. Pyraloxime methoiodide25. Which of the following drugs can be used in treating the patient with atrioventricular block?A. adrenalineB. noradrenalineC. isoprenalineD. aramineE. propranolol26. Which of the following M-receptor blockers can be used in the treatment of motion sickness and Parkinsonism?A. atropineB. anisodamineC. scopolamineD. homatropineE. propantheline27. When phenobarbital poisoning, in order to reducing toxicity and promoting toxic substance excretion, we shouldA. apply acidic drug to decrease the pH of plasma and urineB. apply basic drug, to increase the pH of plasma and urineC. infuse intravenously dextran 40D. administer normal saline solutionE. administer 10% glucose intravenously28. Which of the following statements about extrapyramidal syndromecaused by chlorpromazine is correct?A. Blocking of DA receptors on nigrostriatal pathwayB. Blocking of DA receptors on middle brain-limbic system pathwayC. Blocking of DA receptors on middle brain-cortex pathwayD. Blocking of DA receptors on nodule infundibular pathwayE. All of the above are incorrect29. Lithium carbonate can be used in treating maniac becauseA. it increases the release of NA in brainB. it inhibits the release of NA and DA, and promotes the reabsorptionof NA and DAC. it increases the synthesis of NA in brainD. it decreases the synthesis of NA in brainE. it decreases the synthesis of NA and DA in brain30. Which of the following is the drug choice for status epilepticus?A. phenobarbitalB. phenytoin sodiumC. valproate sodiumD. carbamazepineE. diazepam31. To treat cardiac asthma we can selectA. isoprenalineB. asdrenalineC. pethidineD. atropineE. ephedrine32. Which of the following analgesic drugs can be used in artificial hibernation?A. pethidineB. morphineC. anadolD. methadoneE. fentanyl33. The analgesic mechanism of morphine isA. inhibition of morphine receptors in brainB. blocking morphine receptors in centerC. stimulating morphine receptors in centerD. inhibition of synthesis of PG in brainE. all of above are incorrect34. The drug that can be used in treating patients with various depression isA. chlorpromazineB. promethazineC. imipramineD. lithium carbonateE. trifluperazine35. Which of the following about saving the phenobarbital poisoning is INCORRECT?A. Infusing normal saline solution in a large doseB. Administration of sodium bicarbonate to basify urineC. Administration of strong diureticsD. Administration of ammonium chloride to acidify the body fluid and urineE. Washing the stomach in poisoning early36. Which of the following statements about the mechanism of aspirin’santipyretic effect is true?A. Inhibition of PG synthesis of temperature regulating centerB. Inhibition of DA synthesis of temperature regulating centerC. Promoting of PG synthesis of the temperature-regulating centerD. Promoting of DA synthesis of the temperature-regulating centerE. Direct dilation of blood vessel, increment of hot spread37. The main cause of death resulting from morphine poisoning isA. respiratory depressionB. dehydrationC. cardiac arrestD. shockE. acute renal failure38. Which is the drug choice in the treatment of absence seizures ?A. phenytoin sodiumB. carbamazepineC. amobarbitalD. ethosuximideE. glutethimide39. Which of the following statements about levodopa is incorrect?A.more effective for the mild and younger patients with ParkinsonismB. more effective for rigidity and akinesiaC. more effective for tremorD. onset slowE. can be used in hepatic coma40. The mechanism of vasodilation of nitroglycerin isA. vasodilating directlyB. blocking αreceptorC. producing NO, making blood vessels dilate after binding with it's receptor,D. stimulating β2 receptor and causing vasodilationE. stimulating adenyl cyclase, to increase intracellular cAMPconcentration41. All of the following actions about lidocaine are correct EXCEPTA. inhibiting of myocardial contractive powerB. decrement of myocardial spontaneous rhythmicityC. relatively Lengthening of effective refractory periodD. improvement of conduction, canceling single conductive blockE. promotion of K+ outflow42. The drug that blocks αand βreceptors isA. propranololB. labetalolC. pindololD. timololE. nifedipine43. The drug that can cause lupus-like erythematosus syndrome isA. reserpineB. hydralazineC. prazosinD. clonidineE.α-methyldopa44. Which of the following arrhythmias is contraindication of cardiac glycoside?A. Atrial fibrillationB. Ventricular tachycardiaC. Atrial flutterD. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardiaE. A+C45. The main and direct mechanism that cardiac glycosides treat congestive heart failure is thatA. it declines oxygen consumption of cardiac muscleB. it increases cardiac outputC. it shortens myocardial contractive timeD. it increases myocardial contractive powerE. it decreases sinus rhythm46. Which of the following drugs can stimulate β1、β2 and DA receptors and can modifythe reaction of sympathetic nerve excitation caused by heart failure?A. AmrinoneB. MilrinoneC. IbopamineD. IsoprenalineE. Dopamine47.Which of the following is the drug choice in treatment of cerebral embolism andcerebral atherosclerosis?A. DiltiazemB. VerapamilC. FlunarizneD. NimodipineE. Prenylamine48 .Which of the following drugs can block α1receptor selectively and be well effective forchronic congestive heart failure caused by ischemic heart disease?A. YohimbineB. PhentolamineC. PrazosinD. CaptoprilE. Tolazoline49.The mechanism of antihypertension of captopril isA. inhibition of renin synthesisB. decrement of activity of reninC. inhibition of angiotensin converting enzymeD. decrement of kinin generationE. blocking angiotensin Ⅱreceptors50. In the following drugs, which one should not be chosen on patient with angina pectoris?A. clonidineB. propranololC. hydralazineD. prazosinE. hydrochlorothiazide51. Which of the following drugs should be selected to treat atrioventricular block caused by cardiac glycosides poisoning?A. sodium phenytoinB. lidocaineC. atropineD. verapamilE. propranolol52. In the following antiatherosclerotic drugs, which can protect arterial tunica?A. polysaccharide sulfateB. clofibrateC. cholestyramineD. probucolE. polyunsaturated fatty acid53. Which of the following is the drug choice for variant angina?A. propranololB. nitroglycerinC. diltiazemD. nimodipineE. segontin54. Which is the drug choice for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia?A. verapamilB. lidocaineC. quinidineD. procainamideE. propranolol55. Which of the following mechanisms best accounts for the diuretic effect of furosemide?A. Inhibition of the active reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- in medulla and cortex portions of thick ascending limb of Henle loopB. Inhibition of the active reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- in medulla portions of thick ascending limb of Henle loopC. Inhibition of the active reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- in cortex portions of thick ascending limb of Heonle loopD. Inhibition of the active reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- in cortes portions of thick ascending limb of Henle loop and distal convoluted tubuleE. Decreasing of the renal blood blow and glomerular filtration rate56. Which of the following mechanisms best accounts for the anticoagulant effectof P-aminomenthylkenzoic acid (PAMBA)?A. Participation in the synthesis of thrombusB. Participation in the synthesis of factors Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、ⅩC. Inhibition of activating factor of plasminogen, thus inhibitingthe formation of plasminD. Promotion of platelet aggregationE. Contraction of capillary57. Which of the following drugs can protect gastric mucosa and eliminateHelicobacter pylori?A. ProglumideB. Colloidal bismuth subcitrateC. OmeprazoleD. CimetidineE. Sucralfate58. All of the following about furosemide are true EXCEPTA. potent diuretic effect, rapid onset of effectB. reducing renal vascular resistance, increasing blood flow of renalcortexC. poor absorption following oral administration, low bioavailabilityD. dilating small arteries and decreasing pre-and post-cardiac load.E. usually used to treat severe edema59. In which of the following conditions the deactivation of hydrocortisonewill be accelerated?A. Angina pectorisB. ThyroidismC. Chronic heart failureD. Renal insufficiencyE. Arrhythmia60. Which drug is used only to prevent the paroxysm of bronchial asthma?A. IsoprenalineB. Sodium cromoglycateC. AdrenalineD. EphedrineE. Ipratropine61. Which of the following glucocorticoids can't be used in patients with hepatic disease?A. CortisoneB. HydrocortisoneC. HydroprednisoneD. DexamethaxoneE. Betamethasone62. Which of the following mechanisms best accounts for the anticoagulant effect of heparin?A. Binding with antithromin III and accelerating the deactivation ofcoagulant factors consequentiallyB. Interfering with the utilization of VitK and decreasing of synthesisof coagulant factorsC. Inhibition of the platelet aggregationD. Inhibition of the activity of thrombaseE. Antagonism of the effect of thrombase63. Each of the following statements about mannitol is true EXCEPTA. it is difficult for it to permeate into the tissue fromcapillaries after intravascular injectionB. it can promote the excess water in tissue fluid permeate intoblood plasmaC. it is well absorbed in gastrointestinal tractD. it can increase blood volume, thus decrease the secretion ofaldosteroneE. it can increase cardiac load and cause heart failure64. Which of the following therapies is the best for a patient with status asthriticus?A.Aminophylline p.o.B.Hydrocortisone i.v.C.Inhaling sodium cromoglycateD.Inhaling beclomethasone dipropionateE.Salbutamol p.o.65. Which is the drug choice for thyrotoxic crisis?A. methylthiouracilB. propylthiouracilC. thiamazoleD. carbimazoleE. radioiodine66. Which of the following is not the clinical use of hydrochlorothiazide?A. diabetes insipidusB. acute renal failureC. mild cardiac edemaD. primary hypercalciuriaE. hypertension67. In the following drugs, which has the strongest antiacidant action?A. ranitidineB. pirenzepineC. omeprazoleD.tripotassium dicitrate bismuthateE. aluminum hydroxide68. Which of the following statements about insulin is NOT true?A.It can cause hyperglycemic reactionB.It can’t be administrated orallyC.Its mechanism of action is through intracellular receptor pathwayD.It can be used in IDDM and NIDDME.It can cause anaphylactic reaction69. Which of the following mechanisms best accounts for the anti-thyroid effect of methylthiouracil？A. Inhibiting peroxidase and decreasing the thyroxin synthesisB. Inhibiting the thyroid releasingC. Inhibiting the absorption of iodineD. Interfering with the utilization of iodineE. Decomposing the thyroxin70. Which is the drug choice for infective endocarditis caused by streptococciA. penicillin GB. carbenicillineC. erythromycinD. lincomycinE. sulfamethoxazole71. Which of the following diseases will be caused by administering Primaquine on patients with deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase?A. Aplastic anemiaB. Hemolytic anemiaC. Iron deficiency anemiaD. ShockE. Convulsion72. Which of the following drugs is most effective in treating patient with tinea capitis?A. Amphotericin BB. GriseofulvinC. NystatinD. FlucytosineE. Clotrimazole73. All of the following statements about streptomycin are true EXCEPTA. it is effective against bacillus tubercleB. it isn't well absorbed following oral administrationC. it is effective against pseudomonas aeruginosaD. it damages acoustic nerveE. it can cause allergy reactions74. Tetracycline may cause all of the following adverse reaction EXCEPTA. gastrointestinal reactionsB. depressing the development of bone tissueC. allergic reactionD. depressing bone marrow depressionE. hepatic damage75. The severe adverse reaction of chloramphenicol isA. hepatic damageB. bone marrow depressionC. allergic reactionsD. gastrointestinal reactionsE. nerve deafness76. Which of the following drugs may cause secondary infection whenbeing used for a long time?A. SulfadiazineB. StreptomycinC. GendamycinD. PenicillinE. Tetracycline77. Which of the following drugs belongs to the first generation cephalosporinsA. CefamandoleB. CefazolinC. CefuroxineD. CefotaxineE. Cefoperazone78. The drug choice for acute or chronic suppurative osteomylitis or arthritis isA.vancomycinB.medecamycinC.erythromycinD.lincomycinE.streptomycin79. Which of the following antineoplastic drugs does not have significant myelosuppressive effects but can cause pulmonaryfibrosis?A. fluorouracil (5-FU)B. methotrexate (MTX)C. cytarabine (Arac)D. bleomycin (BLM)E. vincristin (VCR)80. All of the following statements about isoniazid are true EXCEPT thatA. it can inhibit the synthesis of mycolic acidB. it can induce toleranceC. it can cause neurotoxicityD. it can cause hepatotoxicityE. it can cause renal dysfunctionTYPE X81.OndansetronA.is a 5-TH3 receptor antagonistB.can treat motion sicknessC.has a potent antiemetic effectD.has antiemetic effect by blocking DA receptorE.can not antagonize vomiting caused by apomorphine82.A yong woman surffering from urinary infection caused by a G- bacillus can be given A.penicillin G B.SIZC.gentamicinD.pipemidic acidE.erythromycin83.Metronidazole can be used in treatment ofA.acute amebic dysenteryB.tetanusC.anthraxD.trichomoniasisE.tuberculosis84.Glucocorticoids can be given the patient withA.chickenpoxB.intoxicant shockC.psychosisD.peptic ulcerE.asthma85.OmeprazoleA.can inhibit the last step for secretion of H+ in the parietat cellB.is the most powerful inhibitor of gastric acid excretion up-to-dateC.can stimulate G cell secreting gastrinD.can inhibit the function of H+ pumpE.can improve the symptom of the patients with Zollige-Ellison syndrome86.the adverse reactions caused by glucocorticoids includeA.inducing or aggravating peptic ulcerB.inducing hyperkalemiaC.inducing psychosisD.inducing osteoporosisE.iducing hypoglycemia87. Drugs that are effctive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa areA.carbencillinB.cefazolinilmicinD.ciprofloxacinE.sulfamylon88.Drugs that can cause peripheral neuritis areA.isoniazidB.griseoflavinC.nitrofurandoinD.tetracyclineE.amikacin89.Erythromycin can be used for patints withA.mycoplasmal pneumoniaB.Legionerre,s diseaseC.GI paralysisD.typhoidE.whooping cough90.Furosemide can causeA.ototoxicityB.hyperuricemiaC.hyperchloremiaD.hypokalcemiaE.hypoazotemia91.Thiazide diuretics can be used inA.hypertensionB.heart failureC.hypercalcemiaD.glaucomaE.diabetes insipidus92.Phenytoin can induceA,sedative effect B.antiepilepic effect C.gingival hyperplasiaD.increase in metabolismE.relieve inflammation93.Caffeine can causeS stimulationB.constriction of blood vessels of brainC.relaxion of branchial muscleD.diuresisE.blurred vision94.ProcaineA.is a local anaestheticB.is eliminated with zero-order kineticC.affects the antibiotic effects of sulfonamidesD.can cause anphylaxisE.its absorption is affected by humeral pH95.Which of the following drugs is(are) immunosuppressive agentA.levamizoleB.chloroquinineC.cyclosporin AD.6-MPE.alkylating agentsⅡ. Term Explanationfirst pass eliminationbioavailabilityblood-brain barrierhepatic enzyme inducerenterohepatic cyclefirst-order elimination kineticszero-order elimination kineticssteady-state concentrationhalf lifeadverse reactionside reactionresidual effectmedian effective dosetherapeutic indexplaceboaspirin asthmareentryreverse use-dependencefirst-dose phenomenontrough-peak ratioinsulin resistanceantibacterial drugschemotherapeuticsantibioticsantibacterial spectrumantibacterial activitywide antibacterial drugsbacteriostaticbactericideminimal inhibitory concentrationminimal bactericidal concentrationchemotherapeutic indexpost-antibiotic effectsuperinfectionsmultidrug resistanceⅢ. Assay Questions1. Describe the mechanisms and therapeutic uses of benzodiazepines.2. Set out four kinds of antihypertensive drugs and describe their major beneficial properties.3. Describe the properties of cephalosporins.4.Describe the analgesic mechanism and major untoward effects of morphine.5.Describe the beneficial effects of captopril (an ACE inhibitor) used in treatment of hypertension.6.What are the shared properties of aminoglycosides.7.Please explain the mechanism of morphine in treating patients with cardiac asthma.8.How do you manage patients with toxication of cardiac glycoside.pare the effects of aspirin with chlorpromazine on body temperature.10.please tell the adverse reactions induced by chlorpromazine in treating psychosis.。
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1山东大学医学院（2005 ——2006 学年第二学期）2003 级医学七年制药理学期末考试试题（A 卷）二、选择题：（A 型每题0.5 分，X 型每题1分, 共50 分）Type A choice questions (only one answer is correct)1. Which of the following is classified as belong to the G proteincoupling receptors?A. GABAA receptorB. b adrenergicreceptorC. insulin receptorD. nicotinic II receptorE. hydrocortisone receptor2. Which of the following is unlikely to be associated with oral drug administration of anentericcoateddosage form?A. irritation to the gastric mucosa with nausea and vomitingB. destruction of the drug by gastric acid or digestive enzymesC. unpleasant taste of the drugD. formation of nonabsorbable drugfood complexesE. variability in absorption caused by fluctuations in gastric emptying time3. Which of the following compounds will be absorbed to the least extent in the stomach?A. ampicillin (pKa=2.5)B. aspirin (pKa=3.0)C. warfarin (pKa=5.0)D. Phenobarbital (pKa=7.4)E. propranolol (pKa=9.4)4. Which of the following terms is most likely to be associated w ith “a rapid reduction in theeffect of a given dose of a drug after only one or two doses”?A. supersensitivityB. tachyphylaxisC. toleranceD. hyposensitivityE. anaphylaxis5. A weak acidic drug with 4.4 of pKa, if the stomach juice pH is 1.4, plasma pH is 7.4, whenthe distribution balance is reached, the drug concentration ratio between plasma and stomachjuice isA. 100B. 0.001C. 1000D. 10000E. 0.016. In this graph，drugs A，B and C are analogs，thenA. A has a greater potency than BB. A has a greater efficacy than CC. B has less potency than CD. A has a greater potency than CE. B has a greater efficacy than C7. Aspirin is a weak acid with 3.5 of pKa, what percentage of lipidsolubleform will be in thestomach juice with 2.5 of pH?A. 0.99%B. 9%C. 9.09%D. 90.9%E. 99.9%8. The contractile effect of various doses of norepinephrine (NE) (X) alone on vascular smoothmuscle is represented in the figure below. When combined with an antagonist (IC or INC), ashift in the doseresponsecurve occurs. The curve labeled X+INC would mostly likely occurwhen vascular smooth muscle is treated with NE in the presenA. terazosinB. phentolamineC. labetalolD. phenoxybenzamineE. prazosinBAC效应Log 剂量49. The reversible cholinesterase inhibitor indicated in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease isA. tacrineB. edrophoniumC. neostigmineD. pyridostigmineE. ambenonium10. A predictably dangerous side effect of nadolol that constitutes a contraindication to itsclinical use in susceptible patients is the induction ofA. hypertensionB. cardiac arrhythmiaC. asthmatic attacksD. respiratory depressionE. hypersensitivity11. Epinephrine may be mixed with certain anesthetics, such as procaine, in order toA. stimulate local wound repairB. promote hemostasisC. enhance their interaction with neural membranes and their ability to depress nerveconductionD. retard their systemic absorptionE. facilitate their distribution along nerves12. A 58yearoldmale with angina is treated with atenolol. Select the mechanism of action of atenolol A. a adrenergicagonistB. a adrenergicantagonistC. b adrenergicagonistD. b adrenergicantagonistE. mixed a and b antagonist13. A male patient is brought to the emergency department following ingestion of an unknownsubstance. He is found to have an elevated temperature, hot and flushed skin, dilated pupils,and tachycardia. Of the following, which would most likely cause these findings?5A. propranololB. tolazolineC. prazosinD. donepezilE. atropine14. A 65yearoldmale has a blood pressure of 170/105mmHg. Which of the following wouldbe effective in lowering this patient’s blood pressure?A. terbutalineB. dobutamineC. pancuroniumD. prazosinE. scopolamine15. Which of the following can be used in shock for increasing cardiac output and renal bloodflow?A. norepinephrineB. epinephrineC. dopamineD. phenylephrineE. methoxamine16. All of the following statements are related with succinylcholine EXCEPTA. have muscle fasciculation before muscle relaxationB. have no ganglionic blocking actions at therapeutic doseC. can be antagonized by neostigmineD. elevate blood potassium concentrationE. assistant agents of anesthetics17. The agent which is effective for prostatic hyperplasia but has no effect on blood pressure isA. terazosinB. tamsulosinC. phenoxybenzamineD. regitineE. prazosin18. Which of the following statements is correct?A. Diazepam induce the drug metabolizing enzymes.B. All benzodiazepines show antiepileptic actions.C. All benzodiazepines have sedative effects.D. Benzodiazepines readily produce general anesthesia.E. Benzodiazepines directly open chloride channels.19. Which of the following statements is correct?A. Chlorpromazine is indicated in treating the nausea of levodopa treatment.B. Vitamin B6 increases the effectiveness of levodopa.6C. Administration of dopamine is an effective treatment of Parkinson’s disease.D. Levodopainducednausea is reduced by carbidopa.E. Nonspecific MAOinhibitorsare a useful adjunct to levodopa therapy. 20. Which of the following is common to the tricyclic antidepressants and MAO inhibitors?A. They can produce sedation.B. They produce physical dependence.C. They show strong interaction with certain foods.D. They can produce postural hypotension.E. They decrease availability of epinephrine in the synaptic cleft21. The antipsychotic drugs:A. are equally effective against the positive and negative symptoms of schizophreniaB. can cause blurred vision, urinary retention and other signs of muscarinic blockadeC. bind selectively to D2dopaminergic receptors.D. have antiparkinsonism effects similar to levodopa.E. have a rapid onset of antipsychotic action.22. All of the following are observed in patients taking neuroleptic agents EXCEPT:A. sexual dysfunction.B. bronchial asthmaC. altered endocrine function.D. constipation.E. orthostatic hypotension23. Which of the following statements about morphine is INCORRECT?A. It is used therapeutically to relieve pain caused by severe head injury.B. Its withdrawal symptoms can be relieved by methadone.C. It causes constipation.D. It is most effective by parenteral administration.E. It rapidly enters many body tissues, including the fetus of a pregnant woman. 24. Which of the following statements concerning phenytoin is INCORRECT?A. causes less sedation than phenobarbital.B. causes gingival hyperplasia.C. may cause megaloblastic anemiaD. is excreted unchanged in the urine.E. The plasma halflifeincreases as the dose is increased.25. Which of the following drugs is contraindicated in the patients with epilepsy?A. PhenobarbitalB. imipramineC. digoxinD. chlorpromazineE. aspirin26. The agent which is effective for various epilepsy is7A. diazepamB. sodium phenytoinC. sodium valproateD. PhenobarbitalE. ethosuximide27. All of the following produce a significant decrease in peripheral resistance EXCEPT:A. chronic administration of diureticsB. hydralazineC. ACE inhibitorsD. βRblockersE. calcium channel blockers28. Which of the following hypertensive patients is most suitble for primary therapy withhydrochlorothiazide?A. patients with goutB. patients with hyperlipidemiaC. young hypertensive patients with rapid resting heart rateD. patients with impaired renal functionE. elderly patients29. Regarding antihypertensive drugs, which of the following statements is WRONG？A. Hydrochlorothiazide can increase activity of renninB. Propranolol can decrease secretion of renninC. Sodium nitroprusside lowers BP rapidly by releasing NO.D. Clonidine stimulates α2receptorand imidazoline receptorE. Diuretics decreased BP mainly by increasing water and sodium excretion from thekidneys.30. Which of the following drugs occurs orthostatic hypotension most frequently in first use:A. clonidineB. nifedipineC. propranololD. enalaprilE. prazosin31. The reason that digoxin can reduce the ventricular rate of atrial fibrillation patient is:A. decreasing automaticity of ventriclesB. decreasing automaticity of atriaC. reducing the conduction of AVnodeD. improving cardiac ischemiaE. shortening the effective refractory period of atria32. All of the following measures can be used in the treatment of digoxininduced arrhythmiaEXCEPTA. stopping digoxin administration8B. diuretic agents such as furosemide are used to promote the excretion of digoxinC. phenytoin administrationD. atropine administrationE. lidocaine administration33. Which of the following effects of digoxin can NOT be seen in failure heart?A. slowing sinus rhythmB. increasing the oxygen consumption of myocardiaC. increasing the cardiac outputD. increasing the cardiac contractilityE. shortening atrial ERP34. A 70 year oldfemale is treated with sublingual nitroglycerin for her occasional bouts of angina. Which of the following is involved in the action of nitroglycerin?A. αadrenergicactivityB. phosphodiesterase activityC. phosphorylation of light chains of myosinD. norepinephrine releaseE. cGMP increased35. The therapeutic effect of β adrenergic receptor blockers such as propranolol in anginapectoris is believed to be primarily the result ofA. reduced production of catecholaminesB. dilation of the coronary vasculatureC. decreased requirement for myocardial oxygenD. increased peripheral resistanceE. increased sensitivity to catecholamines36. A 69yearoldmale with angina develops severe constipation following treatment withA. nitroglycerinB. gemfibrozil(吉非贝齐)C. propranololD. captoprilE. verapamil37. Which of the following drugs has relatively few electrophysiologic effects on normalmyocardial tissue but suppresses the arrhythmogenic tendencies of ischemic myocardialtissue?A. VerapamilB. LidocaineC. QuinidineD. PropranololE. Procainamide38. The firstline drug for treating acute attack of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia isA. adenosine9B. lidocaineC. quinidineD. digoxinE. procainamide39. Which of the following drugs is NOT suitable to treat the patient with angina pectorisaccompanied with asthma?A. nifedipineB. isosorbide dinitrateC. nitroglycerinD. verapamilE. propranolol40. Which of the following drugs decreases de novo cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting theenzyme HMG CoA reductase?A. nicotinic acidB. gemfibrozilC. lovastatinD. cholestyramine(考来烯胺)E. probucol41.Which of the following drugs can be used for Diabetics（typeⅡ）with renal insufficiencyA. gliclazideB. tolbutamideC. glibornurideD. gliquidoneE. glipizide42. The contraindication of Glucocorticoids isA. septicemiaB. iritisC. dermatomyositisD. epidemic parotitis(流行性腮腺炎)E. peptic ulcer43. Antiasthmatic that could inhibit leukotrienes release and increase cerebral blood flow isA. zileutonB. pemirolastC. ibudilastD. zafirlukastE. montelukast44. Which of the following statements about acetazolamide is WRONG？A. diuretic actionB. depresss the intracranial pressureC. acidify blood10D. alkalized urineE. hyperkalemia45. Which of the following drugs could promote macrophage production and enhance thenonspecific immunologic functionA. erythropoietinB. thrombopoietinC. MCSFD. MultiCSFE. GCSF46. Which of the following can be used for megaloblastic anemiaA. folic acidB. folic acid +VitB12C. folic acid +VitB6D. folic acid +VitB12 +VitB6E. folic acid +VitB12+VitB6+VitC47. A ll of the following are true about hydrochlorothiazide EXCEPTA. It can be used to treat hypercalcinuriaB. It can lead to hypoglycemiaC. It can increase the secretion of K + then cause hypokalemiaD. It can decrease blood pressure mildlyE. It can decrease the urinary output of diabetes insipidus patients48. Which of the statements about thiourea is WRONG?A. They inhibit synthesis of thyroxineB. They have immunosuppressive effectC. Propylthiouracil stimulates T4 transform to T3D. They can cause thyroid enlargement when long term usedE. They can excrete from milk and pass through placenta barrier49. The antibiotics which are potent against the pseudomonas aeruginosa areA. carbenicillin, polymyxin, gentamycin and tobramycineB. kanamycin, tobramycine, polymyxin and erythromycinC. amikacin, gentamycin, polymyxin and oxacillinD. amikacin, gentamycin, chloramphenicol and spectinomycinE. carbenicillin, ampicillin, Cephalexin and polymyxin50. Which of the following compatibility administration is correct?A. streptomycin + gentamicinB. penicillin + gentamicinC. streptomycin + furosemideD. penicillin + tetracyclineE. penicillin + chloramphenicol 51．Clavulanic acid can inhibit which one of the following enzymes?11A．Dihydrofolate synthetase B．peptidoglycan synthetaseC．βlactamaseD．DNA polymeraseE．dihydrofolate reductase52．The agent which can relieve AIDS and AIDS correlating syndrome isA. idoxuridineB. zidovudineC. acyclovirD. ribavirinE. adenine arabinoside53．Which of the following imidazoles have NO effect on fungus ?A. metronidazoleB. miconazoleC. clotrimazoleD. fluconazolE. ketoconazole54．Herxheimer reaction is caused by penicillin when it is used to treat：A．lobar pneumoniaB．tetanusC．viridans endocarditisD．bacterial meningitis E．leptospirosis55. Of the following, which is the best agent to use in pregnant patient with urinary tractinfection (UTI ) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis?A. tetracyclineB. levofloxacinC. gentamycinD. erythromycinE. SMZTMP56. The t1/2 of which of the following tetracyclines remains unchanged when the drug isadministered to an anuric patientA. methacyclineB. oxytetracyclineC. doxycyclineD. tetracyclineE. none of the above57. A 45yearoldfemale being treated for a chronic UTI develops acute alcohol intolerance.Which of the following agents could have caused this intolerance?A. cefoperazone12B. amoxicillinC. SMZD. norfloxacinE. tetracycline58. A patient with a pneumonia has a sputum culture that is positive for a staphylococcalstrain that is b lactamase positive.Which is the best choice of penicillin therapy in this patient?A. ampicillinB. oxacillinC. penicillin VD. penicillin GE. carbenicillin59. A 75 year oldwoman is hospitalized for pneumonia and treated with an intravenousantibiotic. On day three, she develops severe diarrhea. Stool is positive for Clostridiumdifficile toxin. What is the best treatment?A. clindamycinB. cefaclorC. metronidazoleD. erythromycinE. doxycycline60. The mechanism of action of chloramphenicol as an antibiotic is that itA. binds to the 30s ribosome subunitB. binds to the 50s ribosome subunitC. prevents cell membrane developmentD. inhibits cell wallsynthesisE. inhibits RNA polymeraseType X choice questions (one or more answers are correct)1. If the plasma concentration of a drug declines with “first orderkinetics”, it means thatA. There is only one metabolic path for drug dispositionB. The half lifeis the same regardless of plasma concentrationC. The drug is largely metabolized in the liver after oral administration and has low bioavailabilityD. The rate of elimination is proportional to the plasma concentrationE. the metabolic ability has reached saturation.2. Of the following, which will be blockedby atropine and scopolamine?A. bradycardiaB. salivary secretionC. bronchoconstriction13D. skeletal muscle contractionE. miosis3. The agents which can be used to treat glaucoma haveA. timololB. pindololC. physostigmineD. acetazolamideE. pilocarpine4. A 34yearoldwoman with schizophrenia has been treated for several years with variousdrugs. She is now being treated with fluphenazine and complains of amenorrhea(闭经) andgalactorrhea（溢乳）. Which of the following drugs would be appropriate to switch her medication toA. haloperidolB. risperidone (利培酮)C. olanzapine (奥氮平)D. clozapineE. thioridazine5. Which of the following drugs may cause dependence?A. methadoneB. naloxoneC. ibuprofenD. buspironeE. diazepam6. Which of the following drugs can be used in treatment of depressive disorder?A. imipramineB. fluoxetineC. perphenazineD. selegilineE. paroxetine7. The agents which are effective in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease are A. pirenzepineB. amantadineC. anisodamineD. levodopaE. scopolamine8. Which of the following statements about the treatment of chronic heart failure are right?A. Patients with evidence of fluid retention should receive a diuretic.B. Treatment with an ACE inhibitor and a βRblocker should be initiated and maintained unless specifically contraindicated.C. Digoxin may be added if needed to reduce symptoms or to slow the ventricular repsonse14in patients with rapid atrial fibrillation. D. Patients with severe heart failure should also receive a βRblockerE. Spironolactone may reduce mortality in patients with severe heart failure9. Precautions advisable when using lovastatin includeA. serum transaminase measurementsB. renal function studiesC. acoustic measurementD. serum creatinine kinase measurementsE. monthly complete blood counts10. Precautions advisable when using amiodarone includeA. serum transaminase measurementsB. renal function studiesC. acoustic measurementD. serum T3、T4 measurementsE. Xraychest check11. In a hypertensive patient who is taking insulin to treat diabetes, which of the followingdrugs is to be used with extra caution and advice to the patient?A. prazosinB. hydralazineC. propranololD. captoprilE. losartan12. Drugs that can enhance the sensitivity of insulin includeA. repaglinideB. rosiglitazoneC. pioglitazoneD. acarboseE. metformin13. The antiinflammatory mechanisms of glucocorticoids (GCS) includeA. GCS combined with GRE ,induce synthesis of ACEB. GCS combined with GRE ,induce synthesis of lipocortin1C. GCS combined with nGRE ,inhibit the expression of ICAM1and ELAM1D. GCS promote the apoptosis of inflammatory cellE. GCS combined with steroid receptor of cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane.14. Which of the following statements about cimetidine are WRONGA. increase the secreation of gastric acidB. block androgen receptorC. enhance the immunologic functionD. induce acne（痤疮）E. treat zolingerEllisonsyndrom and countercurrent esophagitis 1515. Which of the following megaloblastic amemia are NOT the indication of folic acidA. megaloblastic anemia caused by AIDSB. megaloblastic anemia caused by TMPC. megaloblastic anemia caused by MTXD. megaloblastic anemia caused by pyrimethamine(乙胺嘧啶)E. megaloblastic anemia caused by malignant tumor 16. The drugs which can protect gastric mucosa and inhibit helicobacter pylori includeA. omeprazoleB. sucralfateC. colloidal bismuth subcitrateD. cimetidineE. pirenzepine17. Quinolones can NOT be used to patients whoA. have epilepsy historyB. are in growth and development periodC. are taking antiacidD. are pregnantE. are allergic to penicillin18．Besides their antibacterial activity, macrolides agents alsoA．promote gastrointestinal motility B．have strong immunosuppressive action C．be used to treat bronchial asthma D．expel parasite in intestinal tract E．have antitumor action19．Of the following, the true statements about Rifampin areA. it can produce resistance to mycobacterium tuberculosis when administered onlyB. it is effective on chlamydia trachomatisC. it has no effect on Staphylococcus aureusD. it is inductor of liver drug enzymeE. it can interfere with RNA synthesis20. The agents that can inhibit bacterial protein synthesis includeA. clindamycinB. streptomycinC. amantadineD. isoniazideE. azithromycin二、选择题1.A2.E3.E4.B5.C6.D7.D8.D9.A 10.C 11.D 12.D 13.E14.D 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.D 21.B 22.B 23.A 24.D 25.D 26.C 27.D28.E 29.E 30.E 31.C 32.B 33.B 34.E 35.C 36.E 37.B 38.A 39.E40.C 41.D 42.E 43.C 44.E 45.C 46.E 47.B 48.C 49.A 50.B 51.C52.B 53.A 54.E 55.D 56.C 57.A 58.B 59.C 60.B 61.BD 62.ABCE63.ACDE 64.BCD 65.AE 66.ABDE 67.BDE 68.ABCE 69.AD 70.ADE71.CD 72.BC 73.ABCDE 74.AD 75.BCD 76.ABC 77.ABCD78.ABCDE 79.ABDE 80ABE山东大学医学院（2006 ——2007 学年第二学期）2004 级临床医学七年制药理学期末考试试题（A 卷）一、选择题：（A 型每题0.5 分，X 型每题1 分, 共50 分）Type A Choice questions (only one answer is correct)1．A drug with t1/2 3 hours is given intravenously, the steady state of plasma concentrationcan be expected withinA．3 hrsB．8 hrsC．10 hrsD．15 hrsE．20 hrs2．Which of the following is true for a drug whose elimination from plasma shows first orderkinetics?A. the half lifeof the drug is proportional to the drug concentration in plasmaB. the amount eliminated per unit time is constantC. the rate of elimination is proportional to the plasma concentrationD. elimination involves a rate limiting enzyme reaction operating at its maximal velocityE. a plot of drug concentration versus time is a straight line3．A drug eliminated with first order kinetics, the concentration of the drug in plasma is200mg/L, at 10 o ’ clock in the morning after administration of a single dose, the drug plasmaconcentration is 25 mg/L, at 10 o ’ clock on second day morning, its t1/2 isA．4hB．6hC．12hD．24hE．8h4. Aspirin is a weak acid with 4.5 of pKa, what percentage of lipidsolubleform will be in thestomach juice with 2.5 of pH?A. 0.99%B. 9%C. 9.09%D. 90.9%E. 99.0%5. In this graph，drugs A，B and C are analogs，thenA. A has a greater potency than BB. A has a greater efficacy than CC. B has less potency than CD. A has a greater potency than CE. B has a greater efficacy than C6. Which of the following statements is correct?A. if 10mg of drug A produces the same response as 100mg of drug B, drug A is moreefficacious than drug B.B. the greater the efficacy, the greater the potency of a drugC. in selecting a drug, potency is usually more important than efficacyD. a competitive antagonist increases ED50E. variation in response to a drug among different individuals is most likely to occur with adrug showing a large therapeutic index7. Among the following drugs, which will be excreted most quickly in acidic urine？A. a weak acid drug with pKa of 5.5B. a weak base drug with pKa of 7.5C. a weak base drug with pKa of 4.5D. a weak acid drug with pKa of 3.5E. a weak base drug with pKa of 6.58. The mechanism of treating phenobarbital poisoning with bicarbonate sodium is that itA. neutralizes PhenobarbitalB. stimulates Phenobarbital transference from the brain to the plasmaC. alkalinizes urine fluid, prevents Phenobarbital from reuptake, and stimulates excretion ofdrugD. both B and C are rightE. both A and C are right9. After repeated administration of phenobarbital sodium, the patients complainthe drug is less useful, this phenomenon is calledA. toleranceB. resistanceC. dependenceD. side reactionE. residual effect10. The effect of pilocarpine on eye isA. miosis, increase intraocular pressure, paralysis of accommodationB. miosis, decrease intraocular pressure, spasm of accommodationC. mydriasis, decrease intraocular pressure, paralysis of accommodationD. mydriasis, increase intraocular pressure, spasm of accommodationE. mydriasis, increase intraocular pressure, paralysis of accommodation11. All of the following statements are related with succinylcholine EXCEPTA. have muscle fasciculation before muscle relaxationB. have no ganglionic blocking actions at therapeutic doseC. can be antagonized by neostigmineD. elevate blood potassium concentrationE. assistant agents of anesthetics12. A male patient is brought to the emergency department following ingestion of an unknownsubstance. He is found to have an elevated temperature, hot and flushed skin, dilated pupils,and tachycardia. Of the following, which would most likely cause these findings?A. propranololB. tolazolineC. prazosinD. organophosphateE. atropine13. A predictably dangerous side effect of metoprolol that constitutes a contraindication to itsclinical use in susceptible patients is the induction ofA. hypertensionB. cardiac arrhythmiaC. asthmatic attacksD. angina pectorisE. hypersensitivity414. Which of the following therapeutic projects would be used in the treatment of patient withserious organophosphate intoxication? A．atropine + norepinephrine B．atropine+ neostigmineC．atropine + pralidoxime iodide D．atropine + epinephrineE．atropine + morphine15. The released norepinephrine is disposed mainly byA．the metabolism in the liver B．enzymatic inactivationC．reuptake by the neuronal terminal D．hydrolysisE. MAO and COMT in the circulation16. The elevated blood pressure caused byepinephrine may be reversed by A．propranololB．phentolamineC．norepinephrineD．nicotineE．atropine17. Epinephrine may be mixed with certain anesthetics, such as procaine, in order toA. stimulate local wound repairB. increase the potency of the local anestheticsC. enhance their interaction with neural membranes and their ability to depress nerveconductionD. retard their systemic absorptionE. facilitate their distribution along nerves 18．Which is correct description about the βadrenoceptoreffect?A．both cardiac excitation and bronchial dilation belong to β1 effectB．both cardiac excitation and bronchial dilation belong to β2 effectC．both cardiac excitation and vascular dilation belong to β1 effectD．both cardiac excitation and vascular dilation belong to β2 effe ctE．both vascular dilation and bronchial dilation belong to β2 effect19. Which is NOT the indication of phentolamine?A．shockB．diagnosis of pheochromacytoma C．male sexual dysfunctionD．primary hypertensionE．peripheral vascular occlusive disorders20. Chlorpromazine can be used forA. hypertensionB.hypothermic anesthesiaC. epilepsyD. comaE. coronary heart disease21. Which of the following statements about aspirin is incorrect?A. its analgesia is due to inhibition of PG synthesisB. it is mainly used to relieve headache and other dull painC. its main adverse effect is GI reactionD. it can inhibit lipoxidaseE. it inhibits the synthesis of both PGI2 and TXA222. Extrapyramidal symptoms caused by chlorpromazine is due toA. blocking DA receptor in midbrainlimbic systemB. inhibiting αreceptorin brainC. inhibiting DA receptor in tuberoinfunfibular pathwayD. inhibiting M receptorin CNSE. blocking DA receptor in nigro striatal pathway23. The main reason for the combination use of levodopa with carbidopa isA. to increase the absorption of LdopaB. to inhibit levodopa decarboxylation in the peripheryC. to inhibit MAOD. to inhibit COMTE. to increase Ldopaconverting to dopamine directly24. A three month oldinfant is brought to the emergency room with seizures of thetonicclonictype. His mother reports that these seizures have been occurring for 50min. The treatment of choice isA. DiazepamB. phenytoinC. phenobarbitalD. carbamazepineE. valproate sodium25. Which one of the following analgesic drugs can be used for artificial。