2020年高考英语虚拟语气讲解及练习题(附答案)

英语虚拟语气的用法

一．语气的概念

英语动词不仅有时态、语态等的变化，而且还有语气的变化。语气和时态、语态一样都是英语的语法现象。

从形式上看，语气是动词的一种变化形式。

从意义上讲，语气是表示说话人对某一行为或某一事情的看法和态度。根据说话人的意图，语气可分3种：

⑴直陈语气（又叫陈述语气）——用来陈述事实（或提问题）等。可以用于陈述句，也可以用于疑问句或感叹句。

⑵祈使语气——用来提出请求或命令等。主要用于祈使句。

⑶虚拟语气——见下面。

语气和时态是截然不同的概念，但语气要通过动词的时态形式表示出来。

二．虚拟语气

㈠概念通常是表示说话人所说的话不是一种事实，而是一种纯粹的假设、虚拟、主观愿望或建议等。可以用于陈述句，也可以用于疑问句等。

㈡动词形式虚拟语气的动词形式大多数情况是用动词（相应）的过去时（相对直陈语气而言）。动词be若用过去式时可以一律用were。

㈢应用

⑴在含有条件状语从句的复合句中的应用。表示纯粹的假设，或可能性很小的情

况。主从句的谓语动词主要形式如下：

例：1）If I were you, I’d wear a shirt and tie.

2）What would you do if you had a million dollars ?

3）If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.

4）If he h adn’t been strict with himself, he wouldn’t have made such progress.

⑵在wish等宾语从句中的应用。表示纯粹的主观愿望，不可能实现的，或实现的可能性极小的情况。宾语从句谓语动词根据具体情况常可用一般过去时，过去将来时或过去完成时等。

例如： 1）I wish that I could help him now.

我现在要是能帮上他该多好啊！或我多么希望现在能帮上他！（言下之意：我现在帮不上他，没能力帮助他）

2）I wish I could come here tomorrow.

明天我要是能来这儿就好了！（言下之意：我明天根本不可能来这儿，或我明天能来这儿的可能性很小）

3）We wish he hadn’t gone. 他要是没有走该多好啊！

⑶用在suggest等的宾语从句中，表是纯粹的建议。

句型为：suggest(ed) that … (should) + 动词原形…（should可省略）

1）He suggests that we (should) visit the museum.

2) We suggested that he _____ here every day.

A. come

B. comes

C. came

D. can come

E. could come

虚拟语气的几种特殊用法

1.省掉if的条件从句结构：

Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)

2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：

A true friend would not do such a thing.

(=If he were a true friend, he...)

(=If there were no water,…)

(=If you hadn’t helped me,…)

例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so successfully. [过去]

（=>可转换为：If there hadn’t been your advice, we …）

Your notes are almost illegible (难以辨认的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [将来] (=> 可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)

I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[过去]

(=> 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..)

3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：

If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.

If I were you, I would have gone home.

五、虚拟语气的其他用法

1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：

He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.

上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。

He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.

如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。

He insists that he is right.

2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：

It is right that you should have done your homework.

3、wish的用法

I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)

I wish they’d let us get some sleep.