高中英语-虚拟语气用法归纳

虚拟语气用法归纳

虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。

虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。

下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法：

通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。

如何“各自为政”呢？这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间状语的暗示

1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)

2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)

3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设)

4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)

5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设)

6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)

7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)

8. If Lily didn’t attend today’s party, she could not have the chance to work in the company next week. (从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设)

9. Had Father followed my travel plan , our family would not stay at home now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)

10. If I were your mother, I would let you go out this weekend. (从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设)

虚拟语气在if引导的条件状语从句中，特别注意虚拟语气与倒装的结合，前提是省略if，这种情况多见于过去和将来的假设，具体表现是将if省略，把had, were, should之类词语提前构成倒装。例如：

Were I you, I would go.

Should it happen, what should you do?

Had he recognised me, he would have come over.

虚拟语气中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虚拟语气。因为有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有without, but for, otherwise, or等等，此时我们可以从意思上推断出虚拟语气的时间(考试时多数情况是对过去的假设)。

But for your encouragement, I would not have been admitted to this university. （过去）Without water, all lives would die. （现在）

He felt too tired yesterday, or he would have attended my party. （过去）

I was having a meeting, otherwise I would have come to see you off. （过去）

虚拟语气的第二模块就是含有should +V的用法，这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句，包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句。这一部分的词主要有常见的动词有advise, suggest, insist, order, require, recommend, command以及相关名词等等。记忆口诀：一个坚持(insist)，两个命令(order, command)，三个建议(suggest, advise, recommend)，四个要求(ask, require, demand, request)。

1. 宾语从句的虚拟语气

He insisted that the meeting be put off.

The general ordered (that) all the soldiers (should ) leave.

He gives orders that the soldiers (should) leave.

2. 表语从句的虚拟语气

My suggestion is that we (should) stay here for a rest.

3. 同位语从句的虚拟语气

There is no suggestion that she (should) resign.

4. 主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在It做形式主语的三种情况：It’s +p.p +that ；It’s + adj. +that；It’s + n. +that

常用的动词recommand, demand, desire, order, request, require, suggest,command

常用的形容词important, necessary, right, advisable, natural, strange, surprising, regretful,urgent, vital, insistent, essential

常用的名词duty, pity, no surpise, no wonder, shame, regret

其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思

It’s important that you should take the medicine.

It’s a pity that you should refuse the invitation.

It’s essential that we should learn some knowledge about fist aid.

It’s demanded that all the students should go to the playground.