忽必烈汗 英文诗歌
英语北师大必修三UnitlessonMarco Polo
~ (sb.) as sth. 为(某人)工作;当某职
e.g. Tony serves (his boss) as a driver for many years.
Because Marco was very clever and could already speak 4 languages, although he was young.
Questions:
• How did Marco describe the Summer Palace?
He described it as “ The greatest palace that ever was…”.
Marco Polo 1254, Italy
1271 4
17 1291 70 The Description of the World
The third reading
Read the passage again and answer the following questions.
Questions:
in turn, wealthy, author,
break out, stand by
1. start
break out
2. as a result
in turn
3. Insist that something is true
4. writer author
5. rich wealthy
stand by
with the Chinese.
Questions:
Romanticism
George Sand(乔治桑)
Romanticism in Russia
Aleksander Pushkin
Aleksander Pushkin普希金
important poet : Ruslan and Liudmila《鲁斯兰和柳德米拉》. Best play : Boris Godunov 《鲍 里斯 戈都诺夫》. Masterpiece :Eugene Onegin 《叶 甫盖尼 奥涅金》.
Victor Hugo(维克多雨果)
Les Feuilles d’automne秋叶集 La Legende des siecles世纪传说 Les Miserables悲惨世界
George Sand(乔治桑)
She led a hard but eventful life, battling her way through social prejudice and misunderstanding. Two things caused the most bitter experience in her life: conventional marriage and her gender of a woman.
《卡洛斯四世一家》 法国 戈雅
马德里普拉多博物馆藏
浪漫主义建筑
浪漫主义在建筑上表现为追求超尘脱俗的趣味和 异国情调 。18世纪60年代~19 世纪30年代是浪 漫主义建筑发展的第一阶段,又称先浪漫主义。 出现了中世纪城堡式的府邸,甚至东方式的建筑 小品 。 19 世纪30~70年代是浪漫主义建筑的第 二阶段,它已发展成为一种建筑创作潮流。由于 追求中世纪的哥特式建筑风格,故又称哥特复兴 建筑。浪漫主义建筑主要限于教堂、大学、市政 厅等中世纪就有的建筑类型。它在各个国家的发 展不尽相同。英国是浪漫主义建筑的发源地,最 有名的建筑作品是伦敦的英国议会大厦、圣吉尔 斯教堂、曼彻斯特市政厅等。
英语专八英美文学常识(EnglishLiterature)
英国文学(English Literature)450-1066 Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) Period 古英语(或盎格鲁—撒克逊)时期1066-1500 Middle English Period 中古英语时期1500-1660 1516-1578 1578-1625 1625-1660The Renaissance 文艺复兴1) The beginning of the Renaissance2) The flowering period3) The epilogue of the Renaissance1660-1785 The Neoclassical Period 新古典主义时期1785-1830 The Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期1832-1901 The Victorian Period 维多利亚时期1901-1914 The Edwardian Period 爱德华时期1910-1936 The Georgian Period 乔治五世时期1914 - The Modern Period 现代时期1945 - Postmodernism 后现代主义一、Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学(8世纪-14世纪)1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期(449-1066)a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- 最早的诗歌;长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualitiesthe folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报b. religious poetry: C aedmon(凯德蒙610-680): the first known religious poet; the father of English songCynewulf(基涅武甫9C): The Christc. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735); Alfred the Great(848-901)2) The Medieval Period中世纪(1066-ca.1485 / 1500):a. Romance中世纪传奇故事(1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌无名诗人- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines~ 14th C,Age of Chaucer:* Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟1340-1400): 文风:vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftnessthe father of English poetry; the father of English fiction; 首创“双韵体”;首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家The Canterbury Tales:pilgrims stories 受Boccaccio(薄伽丘) - Decameron《十日谈》启发The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》(译作) * William Langland(朗兰1332-1400):The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议b. 15th C, English ballads:Thomas Malory (1395-1471) :Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism十四行诗,文艺复兴,无韵诗,伊丽莎白戏剧1) 诗歌Henry Howard(霍华德1516-1547)a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literatureb. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586):代表了当时的理想- “the complete man”Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern worldc.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代- long allegorical romance文风:a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd CalendarThe Faerie Queen《仙后》:long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗),and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.2) Prose 散文a. Thomas More(莫尔1478-1535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人Utopia《乌托邦》: More与海员的对话b. John Lyly(黎里1553-160,剧作家&小说家):EupheusEuphuism(夸饰文体): Abundant use of balanced sentences, alliterations(头韵) and other artificial prosodic(韵律) means.The use of odd similes(明喻) and comparisonsc. Francis Bacon (培根1561-1626):英国首位散文家,中世纪至现代欧洲时期; 近代唯物主义哲学奠基人和近代实验科学先驱: the first true English prose classic the trumpeter of a new age;Essays(论说文集):Of Studies, Of Love, Of Beauty3) 戏剧a. Christopher Marlowe(马洛1564-1593): University Wits 大学才子派Edward II;The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》first made blank verse(无韵诗:不押韵的五步诗) the principle instrument of English dramaThe Tragical History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》:根据德国民间故事书写成; 完善了无韵体诗。
文学知识
Key Points for British Literature英国文学第一节中古时期Old and Medieval English literature(15世纪以前)The Norman Conquest in 1066 marked the beginning of Medieval English literature, which ended around the end of the 15th centuryLanguage spoken by the Anglo-Saxons is called the Old English古时期✧《贝奥武甫》Beowulf :1)the highest achievement of the old English2)Is a typical example of old English poety and is the oldest surviving alliterative epic(头韵诗)✧卡德蒙Caedom:1)The earliest English poet2)《卡德蒙赞美诗》Caedom's Hymn中时期✧《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》Sir Gawain and the Green Knight1)One of the best Middle English romance✧托马斯.马洛礼Thomas Marlory1)《亚瑟王之死》Le Morte D'Arthur✧威廉.朗格兰William Langland1)《耕者皮尔斯》Piers the Plowman: 是一部长达7000多行的头韵长诗(alliterativeepic)2)The early great works of English literature along with Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales✧杰弗里.乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer1)英国诗歌之父,英国小说之父2)《坎特伯雷故事集》The Canterbury Tales3)《坎特伯雷故事集》展现了14世纪的社会全景4)heroic couplet15世纪的作品1)《罗宾汉民谣》The Robin Hood ballads第二节文艺复兴时期The English Renaissance Period(14世纪到17世纪中期)诗歌The English Renaissance encouraged the reformation of the ChurchA great speed in Elizabethan✧托马斯.怀亚特Thomas Wyatt1)the most interesting poet of the first half of 16th century and the first to introduce the sonnet into English Literature✧亨利.霍华德Henry Howard1)英国文学史上第一个创作无韵诗的诗人✧菲利普.锡德尼爵士Sir Philip Sidney1)《爱星者与星星》Astrophel and Stella2)《为诗一辩》Apology and Poetry✧埃德蒙. 斯宾塞Edmund Spenser1)诗人中的诗人the poets poet2)桂冠诗人poet laureate3)斯宾塞是伊莉莎白时期最伟大的非戏剧诗人,被称为诗圣4)《牧羊人日记》The Shepherd's Calendar5)《新婚喜歌》Epithalamion6)《仙后》Faerie Queene:斯宾塞诗体,亚历山大格式散文✧托马斯.莫尔Thomas More1)《乌托邦》Utopia✧弗朗西斯.培根Francis Bacon1)第一位英国散文家2)《亨利七世的统治和生活史》3)《论学术的进展》The Advancement of Learing4)《论说文集》Eassys5)《新亚特兰蒂斯》The New Atlantis✧约翰.黎里John Lyly1) 《尤弗西斯》Euphues:euphuism(跨市文体)戏剧✧克里斯托弗.马洛Christopher Malowe1)莎士比亚前最伟大的剧作家,是大学才子派(University Wits)中最有天赋的作家,首创戏剧的创作手法“无韵诗”2)《帖木儿》Tamburlaine3)《浮士的博士的悲剧》4)《马耳他岛的犹太人》The Jew of Malta✧莎士比亚1)英国文艺复兴时期最重要的剧作家2)喜剧:A Midsummer Night’s Dream; The Merchant of V enice; As You Like It; The Twelfth Night《十二夜》,Much Alo About Nothing《无事生非》3)悲剧: Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; Macbeth《罗密欧与朱丽叶》4)历史剧:《亨利四世》《亨利五世》5)长诗:《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》Venus and Adonis《露易丝受辱记》The Rape of Lucrece✧本. 琼森Ben Johnson1)《狐狸》V olpone2)The most important dramatist successors of Shakespeare第三节资产阶级革命和王政复辟时期The Period of Revolution and Restoration (17 世纪)资产阶级时期的诗人✧约翰.弥尔顿John Milton1)无韵诗大师2)他在这一时期的地位相当于莎士比亚在伊莉莎白时期,乔叟在中世纪时期的地位3)《失乐园》Paradise Lost : 本书是自《贝奥武甫》以后最伟大的英国史诗4)《复乐园》Paradise Regained5)《力士参孙》Samson Agonistes: the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English✧约翰.多恩John Donne1)玄学派的创始人the founder of the Metaphysical School2)《日出》The Sun Rising3)《歌谣与十四行诗》Songs and Sonnets4)《神圣十四行诗》Holy Sonnets5)《给圣父的赞美诗》A Hymn to God the Father6)《死神莫骄妄》Death, Be Not Proud7)《分别:莫忧伤》A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning✧乔治.赫伯特George Herbert1)玄学派的圣人the saint of the Metaphysical School2)《祭坛》The Altar: 在这部作品中,作者用排版的技巧来表达他对宗教的虔诚3)《复活节的翅膀》Easter Wings资产阶级革命时期的散文家✧约翰.班扬1)清教徒清教徒时期地位最高的散文家,散文风格模仿《圣经》2)《天路历程》The Pilgrim's Progress:the most successful religious allegory(寓言)3)《落在愤怒之神手中的罪人》Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners4)《贝德曼先生》The Life and Death of Mr.Badman5)《圣战》The Holy War王政复辟时期的作家✧杰里米.柯里尔Jeremy Collier1)a non-conformist clergyman(非国传教士)2)《略论英国舞台上的不道德和亵渎》A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage✧约翰.德莱顿John Dryden1)王朝复辟时期最著名的作家2)18世纪英国古典主义的先驱者the forerunner of the English classical school of literature3)是弥尔顿时期与蒲柏时期之间最伟大的诗人,称桂冠诗人达20年4)他把英雄双韵体作为讽刺诗和描述性诗体的风尚5)英国批评文学之父the father of English criticism6)《?鹿与豹》The Hind and the Panther7)《一切为了爱情》All for Love8)《押沙龙与阿托奈托菲尔》Absalom and Achitophel: subject is politics and is written in heroic couplet9)《论戏剧诗歌》An Essay of Dramatic Poesy: his best work第四节启蒙运动The Age of Enlightenment(18世纪)The 18th century of England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason(理性时期)Neo-Classicism(新古典主义) made a rapid growth in the 18th centuryThe rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most important achievement in the 18th century English literayure新古典主义作家✧亚历山大.浦柏Alexander Pope1) 浦柏是英国18世纪最伟大的诗人,以讽刺诗体以及对《荷马史诗》的翻译而闻名2)首次把理性主义带到英国3)《论批评》An Essay on Criticism4) 《夺发记》The Rape of the Lock: 优秀的讽刺史诗a finest mockepic5) 《人伦》Essay on Man: a philosophical poem in heroic couplets✧理查德.斯梯尔Richard Steele 约瑟夫.艾迪生Joseph Addison《闲谈者报》和《旁观者报》The Tattler and The Spectator are the literary periodicals by Richard Steele and Joseph Addison✧塞缪尔.约翰逊Samuel Johnson1)《英语字典》:become the foundation of all the subsequent English dictionaries 2)《诗人转》The Lives of English Poet现实主义作家✧丹尼尔.笛福Daniel Defoe1)是现代小说的奠基人2)英国和欧洲小说之父3)《鲁宾逊漂流记》Robinson Crusoe: the first English novel4)《辛格顿船长》Captain Singleton:narrator of his own story5)《杰克上校》Colonel Singleton6)《摩尔•弗兰德斯》Moll Flanders: autobiography✧乔纳森.斯威夫特1)An Irish master of Satires2)《一个木桶的故事》A Tale of a Tub: a parable(寓言),established his name as asatirist3)《一个麻布商的书信》The Drapper's Letters4)《一个谦卑的建议》A Modest Proposal: the author denounces the cruel and unjusttreatment of Ireland by the English government and stir up the Irish people to fight5)《对1708的预言》Predictions for the Year 17086)《比克斯塔夫先生第一个预言的应验》Vindication of Isaac Bickerstaff7)《格列弗游记》Gulliver’s Travels:本书是对英国和欧洲生活各个方面最有效的,最具破坏性的批评和讽刺✧亨利.菲尔丁Henry Fielding1)Father of the English NovelAs a novelist:2)《约瑟夫.安德鲁斯的经历》:in the preface, he decribes the novel" a comic epic poemin prose''(散文滑稽史诗)3)《大伟人乔纳森.魏尔德》Jonathan Wild the Great: exposes the English bourgeoissociety(资产阶级社会)and mocks at its political system4)《弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事》The History of Tom Jones, a Foyndling:以人性为主题,作者认为人性是善与恶的结合5)《阿米丽亚》Amelia: reveal the shameless deed of the noble and the rich感伤主义作家Writers of Sentimental Tradition✧塞缪尔.查理森Samuel Richardson1)《帕米拉》Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded2)《克拉丽萨》Clarissa Harlowe3)《查尔斯.格兰迪森爵士》Sir Richard Grandison✧劳伦斯.斯特恩Laurence Sterne1)《项狄传》Tristram Shandy2)《伤感旅行》A Sentimental Journey✧奥利弗.戈德史密斯Oliver Goldsmith1)他是感伤主义学派的杰出代表2)《旅游人》The Traveler3)《荒村》The Deserted Village: his best poem4)《威克菲尔德牧师》The Vicar of Wakefield: provide one of the most enduringcharacters in English fiction✧托马斯.格雷Thomas Gray1)他是感伤主义诗歌,墓畔派的领导人。
Module 6 The golden age of english poetry 课件
• Advocate:plain living and high thinking
Masterpiece: I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
咏水仙
"Preface to Lyrical Ballads" 《抒情歌谣》
William Wordsworth
华兹华斯
Read the passage in Cultural Corner and answer the following questions, using words within the limited nucentury was a golden age of English history? (within 3 words)
The 18th century. 2. What are the sources of inspiration for Romantic
poets? (within 15 words)
• reflect v. 1) 反射 (光,热,声音) The sunlight is reflected by the windows. The material doesn’t reflect sound. 2) 映出(影像)
His face is reflected in the mirror/ water/ her eyes. 3) 反映出; 表达
关于形容战士的英语诗
关于形容战士的英语诗战士学员是军校学员的重要组成部分,在军队现代化、正规化建设中发挥着不可替代的作用。
下面是店铺带来的关于形容战士的英语诗,欢迎阅读!关于形容战士的英语诗篇一Translation of the Famous Greek War Song希腊战歌起来,希腊的儿男!Sons of the Greeks, arise!光荣时刻已到来,The glorious hour's gone forth,要效法我们祖先,And, worthy of such ties,不枉作英豪后代!Display who gave us birth.起来,希腊的儿男!Sons of Greeks! let us go挥戈向敌人迎战,In arms against the foe,让他们腥臭的血川Till their hated blood shall flow像河水在脚下奔窜!In a river past our feet.让我们傲然抗拒Then manfully despising土耳其暴君的强权,The Turkish tyrant's yoke,让祖国眼见她儿女Let your country see you rising,站起来,砸碎锁链!And all her chains are broke.先王和先哲的英灵Brave shades of chiefs and sages,来检阅这场决战!Behold the coming strife!希腊的列祖列宗Hellenes of past ages,听到号角的呼唤,Oh, start again to life!快从坟墓中苏生,At the sound of my trumpet, breaking 参加我们的战斗!Your sleep, oh, join with me!要攻克七山之城,And the seven-hill'd city seeking,夺回我们的自由!Fight, conquer, till we're free.起来,希腊的儿男!Sons of Greeks! let us go挥戈向敌人迎战,In arms against the foe,让他们腥臭的血川Till their hated blood shall flow像河水在脚下奔窜!In a river past our feet.醒来吧,斯巴达!今天Sparta, Sparta, why in slumbers你怎能高卧不起?Lethargic dost thou lie?同你的老伙伴雅典Awake, and join thy numbers快联合起来抗敌!With Athens, old ally!把历代讴歌的主君Leonidas recalling,列奥尼达斯唤回,That chief of ancient song,他曾拯救过你们,Who saved ye once from falling, 何等刚强而可畏!The terrible! the strong!扼守在温泉险关,Who made that bold diversion 他英勇牵制敌寇,In old Thermopylae,同波斯军队鏖战,And warring with the Persian让祖国得保自由;To keep his country free;他率领三百勇士,With his three hundred waging 战斗中始终挺立,The battle, long he stood,像威猛暴怒的雄狮,And like a lion raging,在滔滔血海中沉溺。
英语专业英国文学总结
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类:pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、头韵体代表作:The Song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法【Alliteration 押头韵(写作手法)和metaphor暗语understatement婉转表达】3、散文Bede比德Alfred二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)1、romance 传奇文学佚名诗人:代表作:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗2、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期① the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父②heroic couplet 英雄双韵体:a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)③代表作:the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)3、Langland 朗格兰Piers the plowman《农夫彼尔斯》4、Malory 马罗礼Le Morte D'Arthur亚瑟王之死5、Popular Ballads大众民谣:a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed 代表人物:Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯.帕希主教代表作:Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 罗宾汉和阿林代尔三、The Renaissance (16世纪) 文艺复兴时期十四行诗sonnet和对白体无韵诗(主体)1、key work: humanism 人文主义:admire human beauty and human achievement2、代表人物:(第一阶段)1)、Thomas More 托马斯.莫尔Utopia 乌托邦Book two is more important2)、Wyatt 魏阿特1st man to introduce into England sonnet3)、Surrey 萨利1st man to reform sonnet/ to use blank verse/ to use sonnet series(二、伊莉沙白时代:)4)、Sidney 锡特尼(田园)阿斯特罗菲尔与斯黛拉Astrophel and StellaApology for poetry 诗辨(人文主义、文学批评)5)Spenser斯宾塞(田园)poet's poet① The Faerie Queene仙后(epic poem 史诗) The Shepherds Calendar牧人日历② Amoretti爱情小唱Epithalamion婚后曲Colin Clouts Come Home Againe柯林•克劳特回来了Foure Hymnes四首赞美歌6)、Lyly 李雷Euphues 尤菲倚斯7)、Marlowe马洛(戏剧)Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧(代表作)desire for knowledgeTamburlaine帖木耳大帝desire for powerThe Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人desire for moneyblank verse(无韵体:不押韵的五步抑扬格) 是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。
英国文学简史(刘炳善著河南人民出版社)笔记part5-6
英国文学简史(刘炳善著河南人民出版社)笔记part5-6Part Five : Romanticism in EnglandChapter 1 the Romantic periodThe romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s , and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death.Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual’s mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic). “The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人,who lived in the lake district.William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert SoutheyImportant event:The French RevolutionPeterloo MasscareAmid these social conflicts romanticism arose as a new literary trend. It prevailed in england during the period 1798-1832. Generally speaking, the romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata who were discontent with, and opposed to, the development of capitalism.The works of romanticists is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society, they paid great attention to the spritual and emotional life of man.Walter scott marked the transitionChapter 2 William Wordsworth威廉?华兹华斯1770~1850(与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。
经典:William-Wordsworth华兹华斯-英国浪漫主义
Lake District
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Poet laureate (桂冠诗人)
起源: “桂冠”这一称号起源于中世纪的大学,当学生掌握了语法、
修辞、诗歌,学校就为他戴上桂冠,以示他获得学位。后来,这个 称号用于在诗歌创作上有显著成就的人,而且作为称颂乔叟和彼特 拉克的标准方式。William Wordsworth是1843-1850的桂冠诗人。 改革:
■Birthplace: Cockermouth(科克茅斯), Cumberland(坎伯兰郡),
in the Lake District in 1770. ■Orphanage:
at the age of 14. ■Education:
was educated at Cambridge University in 1787. ■Migration:
His first home in the lakes
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Gravestone of Wordsworth, Grasmere
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married Mary Hutchinson in 1802. ■Honor:
became Poet Laureate in 1843. ■Death:
died of pneumonia in 1850.
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William Wordsworth’s Birthplace
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Dove Cottage
William Wordsworth:
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud(我好似一朵孤独的云) The Solitary Reaper(孤独的割麦女)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge(塞缪尔 泰勒 科勒律治)
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner(古舟子咏) Kubla Kham(忽必烈汗) Christabel(克里斯特贝尔)
英国文学
Realism 现实主义时期 (Victorian Age 维多利亚时期 1837-1901)
George Elliot (乔治-爱略特,1819—1880 ) was an English novelist. She was one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. Her novels, largely set in provincial England. Her major novels include:The Mill on the Floss《佛洛斯河上的磨坊》 Middlemarch《米德尔玛契》.
great historical plays: Richard III 《理查三世》 ,Henry IV 《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》
John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674) was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost《失乐园》, Paradise Regained《复乐园》 Samson 《力士参孙》.
浪漫主义时期小说家
Jane Austen (1775—1817) , was an English novelist. Her major novels include Sense and Sensibility (《理智与情感》), Pride and Prejudice (《傲慢与偏见》), Emma (《爱玛》).
《忽必烈汗》中的意识流
摘要:《忽必烈汗》是英国浪漫主义诗人柯勒律治的代表诗作之一。
为了探求诗歌如何通过语言艺术来表现主题思想的内在特性,本文以《忽必烈汗》为例分析了诗歌在意境、想象、韵律、语言和修辞五个方面的特征,总结了这些特征对诗歌表现形象和思想感情的意义。
关键词:《忽必烈汗》;诗歌分析;诗歌特征《忽必烈汗》是英国浪漫主义诗人柯勒律治的代表诗作之一。
作者赛缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治,曾与华兹华斯共同出过诗集《抒情诗歌集》。
既是诗人又是文学评论家的他,讲求诗词藻与节奏,常以超自然的事物作为题材,能在神秘的事物中显示出现实的力量。
柯勒律治诗歌创作数量不多,但极富独创性,所以他对浪漫主义文学做出了较大贡献。
他的诗歌具有典型的浪漫主义时期诗歌的特征,如重视自己的抱负和理想,诗歌中充满了幻想和想象,重视精神和感情世界。
《忽必烈汗》是柯勒律治记述他神奇梦境的一首诗,全诗共分三节,第一节描述忽必烈汗的逍遥宫和周围的环境;第二节描绘了诗人见到一女郎弹琴歌唱的情景;第三节诗人借助女郎的歌声从而希望借助音乐的力量筑起一个宫殿般的空中楼阁来。
本文以这首诗为例,从意境、想象、韵律、语言和修辞五个方面来浅析诗歌的特征。
一、意境特征一般说来,诗不传授知识,不叙述真实的事件,不描写真实的人物,甚至讲故事的诗在我们常读的诗中也不算多。
因而诗反映的生活往往是间接的、曲折的,但同时又是深刻的和强烈的。
在《忽必烈汗》中,讲叙的不是真实的事件,也并非这位大汗,而是诗人通过描写一些瑰丽奇幻的景色和人物来体现诗人的梦幻。
诗中的人物忽必烈汗是中国13世纪蒙古帝国的统治者。
而Alph和Abora,则是诗人梦中的河和山的名字。
诗人自称该诗为“片断”,“片断”一词恰如其分地体现了该诗的创作过程和内容形式的梦幻性质:意象的突兀诡异、情景的莽苍幽遂、主题的若隐若现以及节奏韵律的变换无定,这一切都表现了梦幻过程的“片”与“段”。
然而,片段不等于残缺,诡异有别与晦涩,优柔的意象下蕴藏着严肃认真的理义,溟濛的梦境里运行着诗歌创作的大道。
从《忽必烈汗》分析诗歌的文体特征
从《忽必烈汗》分析诗歌的文体特征作者:于老师来源:日期:未知人气:133 标签:《忽必烈汗》是英国浪漫主义诗人柯勒律治的代表诗作之一。
作者赛缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治( Samuel Taylor Coleridge)(1772- 1834), 天资聪颖, 性格奇特, 健于言谈, 能诗, 善文, 精通哲理, 很小就已经出露锋芒, 青年时代思想激进, 以后发生了剧变。
在与华兹华斯结识后, 曾共同出过诗集《抒情诗歌集》(Lyrical Ballards), 并一起赴德国。
柯勒律治有诗才, 而且是一个有见识的文学评论家。
他的诗讲求词藻与节奏, 常以超自然的事物作为题材, 能在神秘的事物中显示出现实的力量。
他的《老水手之歌》和《忽必烈汗》是脍炙人口的名作。
柯勒律治诗歌创作数量不多, 但极富独创性, 所以他对浪漫主义文学做出了较大贡献。
1800 年, 著名诗人威廉·华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)和柯勒律治一起发表题为《抒情诗歌集》(Lyrical Ballards) 的诗集, 标志着英国文学进入浪漫主义时期(the Romantic Period),自此至1834 年为英国文学史上诗歌的鼎盛时期。
浪漫主义时期的一些诗人重视自己的抱负和理想, 诗歌中充满了幻想和想象, 他们重视精神和感情世界, 所以我们称这个时期的文学为浪漫主义时期。
柯勒律治与威廉·华兹华斯和罗伯特·骚赛(Robert Southey)一起被称为英国“湖畔诗人”。
但他们三人并未共同创立诗歌派别, 也并非共同做诗, 但他们都长期居住在英国西北部湖区(the Lake District), 所以他们被称为“湖畔诗人”。
《忽必烈汗》是柯勒律治记述他的神奇梦境的一首诗全篇只有54 行。
据其《前言》所述: 他从未去过蒙古大草原, 但颇爱阅读像《马可波罗游记》等描绘东方世界的游记。
1797 年的一天, 他读了一本《珀切斯游记》, 其中有“忽必烈汗敕命在草原上营造一处豪华宫阙, 并开辟御园, 将方圆三十里的沃野包括在内⋯⋯”读着读着, 他沉入了梦乡, 在梦中做诗约二、三百行, 尽情地描述了他在蒙古草原的见闻。
柯尔律治的_忽必烈汗_一文赏析_魏瑾
X柯尔律治的《忽必烈汗》一文赏析魏 瑾(湖南财经高等专科学校涉外系,湖南长沙410205) 摘 要:《忽必烈汗》是英国浪漫主义诗人柯尔律治的代表诗作之一,也是英诗中的名篇,其创造性尤为突出,通过对这首诗的赏析,探讨其艺术创作构思。
关键词:《忽必烈汗》;赏析;艺术创作构思中图分类号:I106.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1008-2611(2005)02-0070-02 柯尔律治既是一位著名的英国浪漫主义诗人,又是一位具有思想深度和独到见解的多才多艺的艺术家和文艺理论家。
他的诗作不多,但大都是脍炙人口的英诗杰作。
他的诗具有瑰丽奇特的想象和神秘莫测的气氛,形成浪漫派的一个特点。
《忽必烈汗》是他的三首代表作之一(其他两首分别为《老水手谣》和《克利斯托贝尔》),是为人称道的名篇,堪称英国诗歌的瑰宝。
该诗历来被奉为浪漫主义诗歌中具有丰富想象力的代表作,典型地表现了浪漫派神奇瑰丽的特色。
关于《忽必烈汗》的写作过程,诗人在长达500多字的序言中作了说明,据说,该诗是诗人服了两粒含有鸦片的镇痛药丸之后昏昏入睡,于梦境之中创作的,入睡前,诗人正在看《波车斯历程记》一书中有关忽必烈汗在元大都下令建造“仙那都”的章节,据诗人自述,在梦醒之后记下梦中所见所思的过程中,因被打搅而没能如愿全部写下梦中所见,正如诗的副标题所示,该诗所描述的是梦中之境,一个片断。
但是,细读该诗不难发现,诗人表达的远不止是一个纯粹的梦境而已。
历来批评家对此莫衷一是,短短五十四行诗引发出无数不同的解读和诠释。
该诗之所以多被当作一首不讲思想内容而着重表现音韵和想象力的“纯粹诗”、“抽象诗”来欣赏,是因为这短短的几十行的片断显示出诗人独特的风格、奇特的想象、神秘的感觉,尤其是富于节奏的音乐美给读者带来无比的超功利的快感。
全诗分为三节,第一节开首就讲到忽必烈汗降下旨意,要在一个叫上都的地方修建一座宫殿。
忽必烈汗是中国13世纪蒙古帝国统治者,自马可波罗描写的游记之后,蒙古帝国在欧洲人的眼里象征着财富和神秘,诗的这一开头给全诗定下了异国神秘的基调。
塞缪尔柯勒律治
• 这首梦幻性的诗被最优秀的批评 家认为是最精美的。诗中有亚洲 的大汗、地下圣河、阴冷的大海 、森林、有围墙和寄望塔的宫殿 和御花园,还有操琴的非洲姑娘 以及啜饮甘露和天堂的灵感之泉 的诗人。在这首诗中,诗人用他 的想象力把这一切融合在一起。 虽然这部作品只有短短的54 行, 但它还是成为了世界有名的英语 诗歌。
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Creation Background
* Special historical background-- the Romantic period. * Poet’s unique art style. * Opium dream and the understanding of the orientation. * Coincidence of the encounter of the chanciness and the inevitability.
时代背景
• 忽必烈汗。闻名于世的英雄,有他的辉煌。有他的成就,他在整个历史的长 河里留下了他的足迹,他功绩显赫。在遥远的西方。人们带着一颗景仰的心 。一种朦胧的欣赏来看待这个大英雄。当科勒律治采用这个人物作为诗歌的 主题时。显示一种与众不同。一种新颖.这与诗歌中所要表达的一种独特的 美的艺术理论遥相呼应。
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赏析
上面讲到忽必烈汗下旨,在上都修建一座宫殿。这座宫 殿方圆十英里,青山环抱,芳草鲜美、绿英缤纷,旁边 有圣河流过,它穿过峡谷和洞窟一直通向“阴沉的大海 ”。一幅美不胜收的迷人景色。诗人选用了“decree”( 降旨)、“stately”(威严)、“sacred”(神圣)等词,渲染 帝王的尊贵;用“two five miles”(两个五英里)、 “measureless to man”(深不可测)、“walls and towers”( 高墙和塔楼)来描绘帝王的气派和尊严。 一连串的视觉意象(花园、小山、溪水、森林)以及一 系列的听觉意象(峡谷里声如鼎沸,喷泉、溶洞的融合 音响,喧嚣声中祖先悠远的声音)等,生动具体地呈现 了皇家宫苑的风貌,使人有身临其境之感。
双语美文:冬日之光
这首诗吸引并打动我的是其奇特的寓意——阴郁愁苦和孤独实际上可能孕育出一种光芒四射的爱意。大半生的孤凄让柯勒律治深刻意识到人际相处沟通的可贵。如果一生没经历困苦煎熬,他也许永远不会体会到一位父亲午夜看着自己孩子熟睡时那种奇妙的圆满感。
To be hollow with longing is to 15)be suffused with love. The thirsty person best knows water. Wounded hearts realize the essence of healing.
这些是柯勒律治的结论,它们振奋人心,新奇而满载希望。这些论调是乐观的,因为在其眼中,世上的苦难,虽然如同地心引力一般,无处不在也无从逃避,但并非毫无意义,其实在是智慧的源泉。即使在最黑暗的地狱,总尚存一缕慰藉的光芒,在阴暗背景的映衬下它跳动得愈加有力。在女儿出生那天我满怀这种希冀——知道无论她多有能耐,都必然会遭遇失败、挫折、损失和迷惘。
那个三月里在医院度过那天后,才过了几个月,我坐在书房里为一堂有关柯勒律治的《忽必烈汗》的课做准备,听到尤纳在另外一个房间里格格傻笑,咿呀乱语,又大声哭喊。我想到她很快就会长大,不再与我玩耍;接着会忙碌得无暇关心我,并离家去往异乡,几乎很少回来,我突然感到一种从未有过的悲哀。我感到失去她的痛苦,也感受到对她的奇妙爱意。因为她很快就会离开我身边,我更爱她了。这不是喜悦,也不是快乐。这是一种更加深刻和持久的感受,孩子失去后又寻回那种悲喜交集的瞬间。
26)C. S. Lewis once claimed that the opening lines of Kubla Khan filled him with an 27)unquenchable but 28)rapturous yearning. He believed that such 29)exultant aching is nothing other than joy: “an unsatisfied desire which is itself more desirable than any other satisfaction.”
写作 诗歌鉴赏 忽必烈汗
Lucy LiangProfessor QEnglish writing 13037 November 2014What The Poem Talking about And WhyKubla Khan is written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge in 1787. Samuel Taylor Coleridge is regarded as one of the great English Romantic poets. Kubla Khan is one of his outstanding representative works.It is said that the poem was written after he drank some opium and fell asleep. During that period, he was reading a book about Kubla Khan’s dome, so he wrote the poem in his dream. He scribbled the poem as soon as he woke up. The poem is unfinished because of his friend’s disturbing.The poem is considered as the most elegant poem in many people’s eyes. The first stanza of this poem draws a picture of pleasure dome. I can see the river, the sea, the forests and the sun. What a elegant and beautiful dome it is! The second stanza writes the deep romantic chasm, which puts a piece of mysterious veil on the " Kubla Khan’s dome”. The third part introduces a damsel with a dulcimer to reflect poet’s desire for freedom. “To suc h a deep delight`t would win me, That with music loud and long, I would build that dome in air.”This sentence in last stanza shows marvelous imagination of the poet, and totally reflects the characteristics of the romanticism style.I like this poem partly because of the beautiful words and sentences that the poet use, and partly because of the marvelous imagination and elegant picture that the poet shows. The poem and the beautiful picture is not only in the poet’s dream, but also his desire and wish. He is unsatisfied with reality, but he has a beautiful dream and an optimistic attitude. This is the most important reason why I love this poem.。
kubla khan
“Huge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail, Or chaffy grain beneath the thresher‟s flail” in the second stanza.
Rhetoric
Suggestion (暗示) The “sunny pleasure-dome” and “caves of ice” in the third stanza suggest that the “miracle of rare device” can be fleeting(稍纵即逝),expressing the poet‟s idea that Kubla Khan‟s creature comfort(物质享受) is temporary while the imaginary dome in air(天宫瑶池) is eternal, so that arKubla Khan
Writing style
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
11119 马茜
Subject Rhyme Rhetoric Images Tone Imagination
This poem shows the poet’s deep desire to the other side of world-the far east. The poet was born and raised in the time of revolution, his political enthusiasm faded after the French Revolution failed. So he kept himself away from real politics and concentrated on writing poems. Kubla Khan is not only the reflection of the poet’s, but western people’s great desire for the east.
Coleridge & Southey
A3.Evaluation
and of revolutionary ardor. ❤After middle age, his political attitudes became very conservative, and also keen to thrive on power and wealth, became a hack writer of the government. ❤Attacked Byron, Shelley and other progressive poets with W&C, calling them “Satanic School“. ❤To modern critics, his works were short of creation.
❦Get rid of the Principles of Classicism. ❦Abandon Heroic Couplet that was of
monopoly position in that time.
❦Began
the form of modern poetry which explore the inner world of the figures & Auth.泰勒)Drams
The Fall of Robespierre
(罗伯斯庇尔的失败)
A series of poetical romances:Epics
❤1801Thalaba the Destroyer (毁灭者萨 拉巴)
❤1805Madoc(玛道克) ❤1805The Curse of Kehama克哈玛的诅咒 ❤1814
As a Prose-writer: ❤1813
The Life of Nelson (纳尔逊传)
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In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
A stately pleasure-dome decree:
Where Alph, the sacred river, ran
Through caverns measureless to man
Down to a sunless sea.
So twice five miles of fertile ground
With walls and towers were girdled round;
And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills, Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;
And here were forests ancient as the hills,
Enfolding sunny spots of greenery.
But oh! that deep romantic chasm which slanted
Down the green hill athwart a cedarn cover!
A savage place! as holy and enchanted
As e’er beneath a waning moon was haunted
By woman wailing for her demon-lover!
And from this chasm, with ceaseless turmoil seething, As if this earth in fast thick pants were breathing, A mighty fountain momently was forced:
Amid whose swift half-intermitted burst
Huge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail,
Or chaffy grain beneath the thresher’s flail: And mid these dancing rocks at once and ever It flung up momently the sacred river.
Five miles meandering with a mazy motion Through wood and dale the sacred river ran, Then reached the caverns measureless to man, And sank in tumult to a lifeless ocean;
And ’mid this tumult Kubla heard from far Ancestral voices prophesying war!
The shadow of the dome of pleasure
Floated midway on the waves;
Where was heard the mingled measure
From the fountain and the caves.
It was a miracle of rare device,
A sunny pleasure-dome with caves of ice!
A damsel with a dulcimer
In a vision once I saw:
It was an Abyssinian maid
And on her dulcimer she played,
Singing of Mount Abora.
Could I revive within me
Her symphony and song,
To such a deep delight ’twould win me, That with music loud and long,
I would build that dome in air,
That sunny dome! those caves of ice! And all who heard should see them there, And all should cry, Beware! Beware!
His flashing eyes, his floating hair! Weave a circle round him thrice,
And close your eyes with holy dread
For he on honey-dew hath fed,
And drunk the milk of Paradise.。