高中英语必修3-unit4-Grammar知识讲解
新牛津译林版高中英语必修三Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld语法
方式或者伴随：The teacher sat there telling stories, surrounded by a lot of students.
the prepared mind
偶然地，意外地
远非，几乎相反
Surprised by this
V-ed forms as object get its mass production started complements
Working Out the Rules
补充：有时修饰与人有关的表情、眼神、声音等
他专心于工作，废寝忘食。
Rewrite the following sentences, verb-ed forms as adverbials.
1. He was buried in an ocean of loneliness and felt left out. Buried in an ocean of loneliness, he felt left out.
3. I have collected all the money __n_e_e_d_e_d__ (need). 4. This is the problem _d_is_c_u__ss_e_d___ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday. 5. The __su__r_p_r_i_se__d_ (surprise) look on his face suggested that he had not作让步状语
人教高中英语必修3Unit4grammar(共30张PPT)
It + be + 名词 ＋ that从句
It is common knowledge that… …是常识
It is a surprise that ….
令人惊奇的是…
It is a fact that……
事实是……
很遗憾他没能参加我们的新年晚会。 _It_i_s_a__p_it_y_t_h_a_t_h_e__c_o_u_ld_n__’t_c_o_m__e_t_o__o_u_r_N_e_w___. Year Party.
• Why the students felt asleep was that they were not interested in the lesson.
• What the students are doing is playing their cellphones
Activity 5:Crazy English －read the four sentences
Group work
Have a discussion in groups. The topic is “My problem”. Talk about problems in your study or life. The others should give some advice or suggestions. The expressions may help you. The fact is…./ It is a fact that…
4.( When/Whheewthilelrbe back )depends on the weather.
5.(W__ho_ can join in the sport meeting) is decided by the teacher.
人教高中英语必修3Unit4Grammar (共33张PPT)
Task 1
找出文中的主语从句.
What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago.
What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
and object clauses.
As long as you love me
• Although loneliness has always been a friend of mine I'm leaving my life in your hands
People say ①I'm crazy and that I am blind
what 在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、 表语，而that 则不然。
1)_W__h_a_t you said yesterday is right.
2) Th_a_t__ she is still alive is a consolation.
找出主语从句。
• Who will go makes no difference. • Which is the best is not certain. • Why dinosaurs died out is still unknown. • When we will get together has not been
A. When will we B. When we will C. What will we D. What we will
高中英语必修三课后习题：Unit 4 Astronomythe science of the stars4.3含解析
Section Ⅲ— Grammar课后篇巩固探究一、根据句意用适当的词填空1.They lost their way in the forest and made matters worse was nighthas helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.Peter will have a chance to travel abroad next month.the astronomers eat in space is we want to know.he lost his new car upset him a lot.it was?answers the question correctly will be given a prize.he didn’t come yesterday is unknown.we will go there tomorrow or not hasn’t been decided yet.will be sent to help them is very important.he was chosen made us very happy.has happened proves that our prediction is right.you react(做出反应)to what happens.’t matter you win or lose.16.He explained why he did it,but he did it often remained a mystery.No one knew17.It worried the mother a lot she couldn’t afford the medical treatment for herfootball is one of the most popular sports throughout the world.we should put the money is hard to decide.No place seems to be safe.wants the book may have it.in Guangzhou took in students from Sichuan is true.this strange phenomenon.’s not clear whether he can catch the bus.’s still a question when the meeting will be held.made the rescuers very sad that the young man died soon after he was saved.三、翻译句子’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.7.What she couldn’t understand was why fewer and fewer students showed interest in her?9.What made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key90%多的学生都被重点大学录取了。
2019-2020学年人教版英语必修三新素养同步讲义：Unit 4 Astronomy Section Ⅳ Grammar Word版含答案
Section ⅣGrammar名词性从句——主语从句1．(教材P25)What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.2．(教材P25)The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 3．(教材P26)What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.4．(教材P26)It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.5．(教材P26)What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.6．(教材P26)So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.定义在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。
◆How the earth came into existence remains a mystery to us.地球是如何形成的对我们来说仍然是一个谜。
Unit 4 Grammar 讲义-2021-2022学年高一英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册
译林版必修第一册Unit4单元语法--关系副词引导的限制性定语从句语法精析当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。
常用的关系副词有where，when，why等。
1．关系副词wherewhere引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot等)，关系副词在从句中作地点状语。
常用in which，at which，on which等代替。
They are playing in the park where(＝in which) there are some flowers.他们正在有花的公园里玩耍。
The office where(＝at which) the girl works is not far from here.这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。
[温馨提示]①有一些先行词，如point，stage，position，case，condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，如果定语从句中缺状语，需要接where引导的定语从句。
You reach a point in your project where you just want to get the thing f inished.从事任何项目你都会进入一种境界：一心想完成它。
We reached a stage where we had to answer violence with violence.我们陷入了必须用暴力来对抗暴力的境地。
②where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别：引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。
He’s got into a situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.(定语从句)他陷入了一种很可能会失去对飞机的控制的境地。
译林版高中英语必修三Unit4 Grammar and usage 教案
《英语》（必修·第三册）Unit 4 Scientists who changed the worldGrammar and usageI. Learning objectivesBy the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. understand the meaning of verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements;2. learn how to use verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements in different situations;3. write a passage using verb-ed forms, verb-ing forms and to-infinitives.II. Key competence focusLearn how to use verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements in different situations.III. Predicted area of difficulty1. Use verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements in new situations.2. Write a passage using verb-ed forms, verb-ing forms and to-infinitives.IV. Teaching proceduresStep 1 Lead-inT asks students to find to-infinitives, verb-ing forms and verb-ed forms in the reading passage and figure out their functions.1. T asks students to find to-infinitives in the reading passage and point out their functions.(1) Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. (to-infinitive as attributive)(2) To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. (to-infinitive as adverbial of purpose)T: The above two sentences have to-infinitives that serve as attributive and adverbial of result. 2. T asks students to find verb-ing forms in the reading passage and point out their functions. (1) She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine,acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.(2) When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs using household water containers.(3) Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.T: The above three sentences have verb-ing forms that serve as adverbials.3. T asks students to find verb-ed forms in the reading passage and figure out their functions. (1) Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliestdiseases in human history. (verb-ed form as attributive)(2) Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. (verb-ed form as attributive)(3) Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. (verb-ed form as attributive)(4) Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. (verb-ed form as adverbial)(5) Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments. (verb-ed form as adverbial)T: The above five sentences have verb-ed forms that serve as attributives and adverbials.【设计意图：学生在前面两个单元的语法部分已经学习了动词不定式和动词-ing形式的用法，对本单元的阅读文章内容也已经熟悉，所以先在学生相对熟悉的语境中呈现含有动词不定式和动词-ing形式的句子，然后再呈现新的语法知识—动词-ed形式作定语和状语。
2020-2021学年牛津译林版(2020)高中英语必修第三册 Unit4 Grammar 教案
Book 3 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the worldGrammar and usageVerb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements 一、教学目标By the end of this section, students will be able to:1. understand the meaning of verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements;2. summarize the grammatical rules of verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements;3. use verb-ed forms, verb-ing forms and to-infinitives to organize a paragraph based on the notes given.二、教学重难点1. To understand the general rules of verb-ed forms;2. To write a paragraph by using non-finite verbs.三、教学过程步骤教学活动设计意图互动时间/模式Lead-inStep 1 The teacher asks students about their knowledge of some world-changing discoveries and inventions andlets students talk about these discoveries and theirinfluence on their life.Students come up with their own ideas and theteacher writes down several statements on theblackboard and analyzes the structure of thesesentences to give students a general idea of the topicand the grammatical points.由单元话题导入本课语法项目，活跃课堂气氛，在呈现目标语法知识之前提供引导性的语料。
Unit+4+Grammar+and+usage+课件高中英语牛津译林版选择性必修第三册+
the use of a noun (phrase) or clause immediately after another noun (phrase) that refers to the same person or thing
① Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. ② Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brothers'. ③ We Chinese people are brave and hard-working. ④ The news that our team has won the game is true.
abroad soon.
2)She was in doubt _w__h_e_t_h_e_r_ she had made the right decision.
小结： that : _无___意义、_不__作___成分、_不__可____省略，只起连接作用 whether: __有___意义、_不__作___成分、__不__可___省略
been made.
小结：连接副词 _有___意义、作_状___语__成分、_不___可___省略
同位语从句的引导词
从属连词 连接代词 连接副词
引导词
用法
tich,who,who m, …+ever, whose
how, when, where, …+ ever, why
3) The couple are discussing the question _w_h_e_re_/_h_o_w they should have their honeymoon next month.
高中英语人教版必修3 Unit4Grammar
2. That Jay Zhou will come to my city
excites everybody. 该句中主语从句是 _T_h_a_t_J_a_y__Z_h_o_u__w_i_ll_ _c_o_m_e__to__m_y__c_it_y_，引导词为__th_a_t_。 3. Whether we will travel abroad or not
What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago… …it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 通过观察，我们发现两句当中划线部分 的句子都在复合句中起名词的作用，因 此称之为主语从句。
2. whether与if引导主语从句 如果主语从句置于句首，不能用if
引导，此时，需用whether。但如果用 it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末 时，也可以用if引导。
【巩固练习】 用whether或if填空。 (1) It doesn’t matter _w_h_e_t_h_e_r_/_i_f_ he will come or not. (2) _W__h_e_th__er_ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. (3) It was doubtful _w_h_e_t_h_e_r_/_i_f_ Tom really saw Sharon. (4) _W__h_e_th__er_ Tom really saw Sharon was doubtful.
人教高中英语必修3Unit4grammarPPT课堂课件(19页)
↓↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
主谓 定
宾同
状
语语 语
语位
语
语
次要成分
主要成分
❖主语
定语 状语
在句子中，谓语动词不能 表达一个完整的意思，必 须与词、短语、句子之间
❖谓语 例1 补语
❖宾语
表语
例2例3例4 形成一定的组合关系，按 照不同的关系，可以把句 子分为不同的组成成分及
同位语
不同的从句。
2.That he will win the match is certain. (主语从句)
人教高中英语必修3Unit4grammarPPT 课堂课 件(19页 )（ -精精品品P）PT课 件
判断以下句子名词性从句中的哪种从句
1. Who leaves the lab last should turn off the lights and lock the door. 谁最后离开实验室要关灯锁门。 (主语从句)
4. Whoever goes against nature will be punished.
不管谁违背自然将会受到惩罚。
(主语从句)
5. We haven’t decided whether we’ll go
camping at the weekend. 我们还没有决定是否这个周末我们进行宿
营活动。
谓语动词需用"should+动词原形" 3. 语序：陈述句语序
人教高中英语必修3Unit4grammarPPT 课堂课 件(19页 )（ -精精品品P）PT课 件
人教高中英语必修3Unit4grammarPPT 课堂课 件(19页 )（ -精精品品P）PT课 件
2024-2025学年高一英语必修第一册(译林版)UNIT3Grammarandusage教学课件
3. The relative pronoun after “the way” can be “that” “in which” or no relative pronoun. e.g. I don’t like the way (that/in which) you talk to me.
(5) When the antecedent includes both persons and things. e.g. Do you know the persons and things (that) they are talking about?
(6) When the main clause begins with “which” or “who”. • Which is the dress (that) you like best? • Who is the girl that won the gold medal?
Hale Waihona Puke (3) It used to be a farm. It is no longer a farm.
It is no longer the farm that it used to be. “That” functions as the predicative in the relative clause.
• We use（1） which for things，and（2） who and whom for people. We can use（3） that for both things and people. We use （4） whose to show possession.
1. In some cases, only “that” can be used as the relative pronouns while “which” or “who” can’t. They are:
Unit 4 Grammar 现在完成进行时课件-高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册
(2) Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
2.表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。
一位私人侦探几个星期以来一直在跟踪他。
② Craig loves outdoor activities - he skis in winter and has been fishing and hunting since he was a child.
Craig热爱户外活动，冬天他去滑雪，他从小 就开始钓鱼和打猎。
2．We _________ COVID-19 ever since it appeared three years ago.
A．have been fighting against
B．fought with
C．have been fighting for D．will be fighting against
now
Future
1. This is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.
2.She has been sleeping for 6 hours and still can’t wake up. Nhomakorabea 用法：
1.表示动作从过去某时开始一直到说话时还在进行或可能还要 继续下去。
A．worked
B．had been working
C．has been working D．is working
8．They ________ the problem since this morning, but haven’t reached an agreement.
【高中英语教材知识梳理】必修三 Unit 4
Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsⅠ.单词语境记忆1．exist in space存在于太空2．crash into a truck 撞上一辆卡车3．float on the surface of the water 漂浮在水面上4．pull out my tooth 拔掉我的牙齿5．masses of work 一大堆的工作6．in that cold climate在如此寒冷的气候条件下7．create a comfortable atmosphere创造一种舒适的气氛8．more than one billion dollars 十亿多美元Ⅱ.词性转换与派生记忆1．puzzle n．谜；难题→v t.& v i.(使)迷惑；(使)为难2．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教的3．theory n．学说；理论→theoretical adj.理论的，理论性的4．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently ad v.暴力地；猛烈地5．harmful adj.有害的→harm n．& v．伤害→harmless adj.无害的6．exist v i.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存7．puzzle v i.& v t.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n．谜；难题→puzzled adj.迷惑不解的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的8．biology n．生物学→biologist n．生物学家Ⅲ.单词趣味串记1．Tom was in violent pain.As a result，he behaved violently and treated everything with violence.汤姆处于极度痛苦之中，因此他表现得很粗暴，一切都以暴力对待。
人教高中英语必修3Unit4 Grammar(共22张PPT)
stars
Step 1 Lead-in(课堂导
入)
(Robbing game)
名词性从句
Noun clause
主语从句 Subject Clause
宾语从句 名词性从句 Ob表je语ct从Cl句ause Noun clause
1) That the old building was rebuilt is right. That he is the best student in the class is obvious. It is obvious that he is the best student in the class.
fishing. 4. This is because y表ou语d从id句n’t finish the
job.
5. This place is where表I语pu从t m句y bag yesterday.
6. What主is语do从n句e by night appears by day.
Step 3 Exploring question （问题探究）
6.( ____ the earth is becoming warm) is a good
topic for research. 7.( ___ the sun is rises in the east ) is known to us all. 8...
Step 5 Presentations. （展示解疑）
1.( _____ is needed for success) is your hard work. 2.( ___ they will arrive )has been told to the teacher. 3. It is not clear (___we will go shopping tomorrow.) 4.( ______ can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher. 5.( ____ it will rain or not) is not clear.
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Discovering useful structures
Noun clauses as the subject
What does the underlined part serve as in each sentence?
1. Beijing is our capital. 2. You are a student.
主语从句用陈述语序 关联词位于句首, 不能省略
How he became a great scientist is known to us all. Who the watch belongs to is unknown. That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
subject
3. Smoking is bad for you. 4. To find your way can be a problem. 5. “How do you do?” is a greeting.
6. It is certain that we shall be late.
Read the sentences from the text and pay attention to the underlined parts.
• 为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语, 而 把真正主语放在句子末尾。
How the book will sell depends on its author.
That he is the best student in the class is obvious.
= It is obvious that he is the best student in the class.
whether和if的区别还有： 1. 引导表语从句用whether The question is whether you should accept it. 2. whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语
I’m not interested in whether they’ll go or not.
1. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago …
2. … it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
3. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to apis a mystery that his death remained.
4. whether与if
whether引导主语从句时，常置于句首 （此时whether不能用if代替），也有后移 的用法 （此时whether可以用if代替）
Whether they will come is not yet known. It is not yet known whether / if they will go there.
4. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence …
5. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
主语从句
• 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句， 其功同名词一样。
(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why What she did is not yet known. How this happened is not clear to anyone. Whoever comes is welcome.
2. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成 分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。
What you said yesterday is right.
That she is still alive is a consolation.
3. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
1. 在主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数。
Whatever he says is of no importance. Whoever says this is wrong.
但谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一概 而论，而要视句子的意义而定： What I need is money. What I need are books.
引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1)从属连词that That they were true sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. (2)从属连词whether Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.
It depends on whether we have got enough money. 3. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用 I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了 平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。 而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强 调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。 被强调部分指人是也可用who / whom。
It is still a mystery what caused the accident.