初中现在完成时讲解(完整版)

现在完成时的用法
1) 表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。 Now we have planted all the trees.
He has just come back.
They have built many buildings in this city.
2) 表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。
He has lived in Beijing since 5 years ago.
since , for 的用法:
since: (自…以来)
1)since+时间点 He has stayed here since 5 o’clock. 2)since+ 时间段+ ago
Take notes
He has stayed here since 5 hours ago.
since 2. I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month. for 3. My sister has had her cell phone ______a month . since 4. My friends haven’t visited me ______few days ago. for a long time . 5. We haven’t used our car _____ for 6. She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _____years. since 7. Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old.
3)since+ 从句 She has taught English since he came here.
for: (长达）
for+ 时间段
He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
用for 或since填空
1. Mr. Brown has had his TV ______ for 15 years.
She has gone to China. 她去了上海 。（人可能回来了也可能没回来）
have been to someplace. 曾经去过某地，已经回来． has gone to someplace.某人去了某地，还没有回来．
用have/has been tFra Baidu bibliotek, have/has gone to填空：
sing—sang—sung
drive—drove—driven
be—was/were—been go—went—gone
4、不规则变化（A-A-A）
cut—cut—cut
put —put—put
let—let—let
read—read—read
• 5 不规则变化 (A-B-A) come – came –come become –became –become
• • • •
9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day. 10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. 12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in. • 13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree. • 14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday. • 15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?
• 1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week. • 2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet. • 3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now. • 4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office. • 5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999. • 6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here. • 7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks. • 8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.
The Present Perfect tense
Winter has already come， will it still be far in spring ?
冬天已经来了，春天还会远吗？
Present Perfect Tens
现在完成时
past
present(now)
future
1.现在完成时表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响； I have already had breakfast.（我已吃过早餐，我不饿了） 2.现在完成时态还表示过去某一时间已经开始并一直持续到现在 （包括现在在内）的动作或状态，可以和表示延续的时间状语连 用表示持续的动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。 We have lived here for ten years/ since 10years ago.
主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has
1、regular verbs 规则变化 （过去分词与过去时变化规则一样）
过去分词
(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i”， 再加“ ed ”。 study--studied--studied cry—cried--cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音 字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop--stopped--stopped drop--dropped--dropped
• 1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5. have worked, moved 6. have made 7. have, stayed 8. have, finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing 14. is coming 15. Have, seen
1.—Where is your brother? —He ____________ the shop. He’ll be back soon. 2. — ______ you ever _________ to America? —Yes, I ___________ New York twice. 3. —Here you are at last! Where _____ you _____? —I _____________ London. 4. —David _____________Australia. —I’m sure he’s already arrived. 5. —Is Benny here? —No, he __________ the school library. He left five minutes ago. has gone to Have been to have been to have been have been to has gone to has gone to
现在完成时的结构 主语 + have/ has + 过去分词（pp）
助动词,无意义
Winter has already come，
will it still be far in spring ?
现在完成时的结构
主语 + have/ has + 过去分词（pp）
注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has
2、irregular verbs不规则变化（A-B-B）
have—had—had
spend —spent—spent
make—made—made
say—said—said
find—found—found
hear—heard—heard
3、不规则变化（A-B-C）
take—took—taken
speak —spoke—spoken
常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾 经),never,for+时间段，since+时间点等词或短语连 用.
already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句,疑问句尾.
3) 表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，常与 包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。 She has learned English for 5 years.
辨析 have been to和 have gone to
My father has gone to Shanghai for a meeting. 他（已经）去了上海。 My father has been to Shanghai for a meeting. 他（曾经）去了上海。 She has been to China . 她（曾经）去过中国。（人已经回来了）
疑难点
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已经不在这里工作了) I have worked here for more than twenty years. （现在我仍在这里工作） 注：并非所有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时 搞清一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
否定形式 haven’t ( have not ） +过去分词 hasn’t ( has not ) +过去分词 疑问句 把助动词 have / has 放在句首
区别have 和 has的用法
You have planted all the trees.
I have planted all the trees. He/she has planted all the trees. They have planted all the trees.
Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙) I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容)
I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的)