英语语法：宾语从句

宾语从句
一、宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。

如：
Do you know why winter is colder than summer?你知道为什么冬季比夏季冷吗?
二、宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应。

He said he would spend his holiday in Dalian.他说他将在大连度假。

She said that the earth moves around the sun.她说地球围绕太阳转。

三、如宾语从句有自己的宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句后置。

其句型为：“主语+谓语+it+补足语+
宾语从句”。

如：
We think it important that we should master at least one foreign language.我们认为掌握至少一门外语是重要的。

四、连词whether可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，不可省。

if引导宾语从句。

(1)宾语从句是肯定句时，whether,if可互换；但whether常和or not连用，宾语从句是否定句时，一般用if引导。

如：I don't know if/whether I should tell you.不知我是否应告诉你。

I wonder whether it is true or not.不知这是不是真的。

(2)作介词宾语时，只能用whether,不能用if。

如：
Everything depends on whether we have enough experience.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的经验。

五、that引导宾语从句时不可省的几种情况：
1.that宾语从句的状语部分位于从句前部时。

I promised that if anyone could set me free, I would make him king over the earth.
我曾许诺如果有人把我放了，我就让他成为全世界的国王。

2.当主句的状语部分位于that宾语从句前时。

Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and a little then.
亚伯拉罕·林肯自己后来说他只不过是时断时续地接受教育。

3.主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时。

When he got to England, he found, however, that his English was too limited.
然而当他到英国时，他发现他的英语很有限。

4.当一个谓语动词带两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句时。

Then he said that French was the most beautiful tongue in the world,and that we must keep it among us and never forget it. 他说，法语是世界上最美的语言，我们必须坚持说法语，永远也不要忘记它。

5.宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。

I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth. 我决不能告诉任何人我看不到那布。

6.宾语从句的主语是this/that，或用this/that修饰主语时。

He said that that was a good idea. 他说那是个好主意。

7.在直接引语中，主句和宾语从句被隔开时。

“I'm sorry to tell you,” he said, “that you didn't watch carefully enough what I did.”
我很遗憾的告诉大家，你们没有仔细观察我所做的一切。

8.宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时。

The old lady then explained that what she was looking for was a pair of gloves for a girl.
那位老太太解释说她在为一个女孩找一双手套。

宾语从句与其他名词性从句一样，也有三种类型：
1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义，连词that常可被省略。

例如：I hope (that) they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy. Can’t you see (that) I’m a bird?
注意：
1). 当主句的谓语动词是think, believe等时，宾语从句尽管要表示否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动
词变为否定形式。

如：I don’t think h e will come.我认为他不会来。

2). 两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可
以省略。

如：He told me (that)they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.
2. 由从属连词if或whether引导的宾语从句表示“是否（有，能，已经……）”等一般疑问句的含义。

例如：I wonder whether (if) he lives here.
3. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, how, why等引导的宾语从句表示“谁，谁的，
什么，哪（个，些），何时，何地，怎样，为什么”等等特殊疑问句的意义。

除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外，宾语从句用陈述句语序。

例如：To masked who could give the message to her mother.
Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old his brother was.
宾语从句的时态呼应：
1）．当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。

2）．主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式；当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。

3）．情态动词must一般不用于过去时，但却可以用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中。

做宾语从句练习要记住“一连词，二语序，三时态”。