英语重点词、词组、短语辨析

1. in a moment, at the moment, at any moment, for the moment, for a moment, the moment…
in a moment表示“过一会儿”，常用在将来时中。

如：I will be back in a moment. 我过一会儿就回来。

at the moment表示“目前”，相当于at present如：I am very busy at the moment. 我现在很忙。

at any moment表示“随时”。

如：He can be here at any moment. 他随时都有可能来。

for the moment表示“暂时”。

I don’t want to change my job for the moment. 我暂时还不想换工作。

for a moment的意思是“一会儿”，表示动作的持续。

He said that he would be away for a moment.
the moment可以引导一个时间状语从句，翻译成“一……就……”。

如：She cried the moment she saw him.
5. in charge of, in the charge of
in charge of的意思是“负责；掌管”。

如：Mr. Smith is in charge of the whole company.
in the charge of是“由……负责”。

The shop will be in the charge of Mike until the manager comes back.。

6. in the past, in the past few years
in the past的意思是“在过去”，与过去时搭配。

In the past, there was only one school in this area.
in the past few years的意思是“在过去的几年中”，与现在完成时搭配。

They have made great progress in the past few years.在过去的几年中，他们取得了很大的进步。

7. go to school, go to the school
go to school的意思是“去上学”，表示目的。

go to the school表示“到学校去”，强调地点。

8. every, each
虽然这两个词都是“每一个”的意思，但侧重点不同。

其中every强调整体，用于三者或三者以上；each 强调个体，可以用于两者或三者以上。

9. not a little, not a bit
not a little表示“非常”，相当于very的含义；She was not a little angry at his words.
not a bit表示“一点也不”，相当于not at all的含义。

如：Although it was already December, I didn’t feel a bit cold. 尽管已经是十二月了，我一点也不觉得冷。

.
13. cloth, clothes, clothing, dress
cloth是“布；布料”，不可数名词。

Where did you get this beautiful cloth?
clothes是“衣服”,是复数名词。

作主语时谓语动词用复数。

Look at your clothes! They are so dirty! clothing是“服装”，是一种总称，为不可数名词。

He made a living by selling children’s clothing. dress一般指女子的服装，如长裙等，是可数名词。

She didn’t have a suitable dress for the party.
14. journey, trip, travel, tour, voyage
journey表示“陆地上的长途旅行”，不强调返回出发点。

His journey took him two weeks.
trip表示“短途旅行”。

He went to Shanghai on a business trip. 他去上海出差。

travel表示“（不只有一个目的地的）游历”。

He experienced different cultures during his travels abroad. tour表示“观光；旅游”。

The host arranged a tour for us to the nature park.
voyage指“航海”。

After I retire, I will make a long sea voyage.
15. road, street, path, way
road指宽阔、平坦的大路或公路。

They are making a new road. 他们正在建造一条新的公路。

street指两旁有建筑物的街道。

On both sides of the street are various shops. 街道两旁是各色商店。

path多指非人工修建的小路。

We used our knives to clear a path through the forest.
way指抽象的路线。

Can you tell me the way to the city hall? 你能告诉我去市政厅的路怎么走吗？
16. alone, lonely
alone可以作形容词，也可以作副词。

作形容词时在句中只能作表语，意思是“独自；独立”。

强调状态。

The little girl traveled to London alone. 这个小女孩独自一人旅行去伦敦。

lonely是形容词，意思是“孤独的”，可以表示心情。

Living on the island by himself, he felt very lonely. 独自一人住在岛上，他感到非常孤独。

17. alive, living, live, lively
alive表示“活着的”,是表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语。

Is the fish dead or alive?
living与alive同义，在句中可以作定语。

Humans, as well as other living things, need air to survive.人类和其它生物都需要空气才能生存。

live的意思是“现场的”。

There will be a live concert next week. 下星期会有一场现场音乐会。

lively是形容词，意思是“生动的；活跃的”。

The old man is over 70, but still lively.
18. asleep, sleeping, sleepy
asleep是表语性形容词，意思是“睡着的”。

Be quiet. The baby is asleep. 轻点声。

孩子睡着了。

sleeping在句中可以作定语，也可以作表语。

He tiptoed into his room in order not to wake his sleeping parents.他踮着脚尖走进屋里，不想吵醒熟睡的父母。

sleepy的意思是“困倦的”。

I felt sleepy because I had stayed up late last night.
19. ill, sick
在表示“生病”的时候，ill是一个表语性形容词，sick可以作表语，也可以作定语。

He has been ill for a long time. 他病了很长时间。

He went to the hospital to take care of his sick mother. 他去医院照顾生病的母亲。

此外，ill还可以表示“不好的”；sick可以表示“厌烦”。

We don’t like Jack because of his ill manners. 我们不喜欢杰克，他没有礼貌。

We are sick of the same breakfast every day. 我们厌倦了每天吃同样的早餐。

20. sometimes, some times, sometime
sometimes的意思是“有时”，表示频率。

He sometimes calls at my office when he is in town. 他在城里的时候有时会来我的办公室。

some times表示“几次”。

He has been to Shanghai on business some times. 他出差去过上海几次。

sometime表示“某一时间”。

Could you come to see me sometime next week? 你能不能在下周找个时间来看我？
some time表示“一段时间”。

21. everyday, every day
everyday是形容词，在句中作定语，意思是“日常的”。

People like this book because it is about their everyday life. 人们喜欢这本书，因为它是关于人们的日常生活的。

every day在句中作时间状语。

He goes to work by bus every day. 他每天坐公共汽车去上班。

22. aloud, loud, loudly
aloud是副词，意思是“出声音地”，不强调声音的大小。

Don’t read to yourself. Please read aloud. loud可以作形容词，也可以作副词，意思是“大声（的）地”，修饰与人说话有关的声音。

如cry, speak, read, shout等。

Speak louder please. I can’t hear you. 请大点声音。

我听不见。

loudly是副词，与loud同义，可以修饰任何声响，含有“喧闹”的意思。

Don’t talk so loudly.
23. at first, first
at first是“起初”的意思，指事情后来产生了变化。

At first, she was too shy to talk to us.
first表示“首先”。

First think and then speak. 想好了再说。

24. agree on, agree to, agree with
agree on表示“达成一致”。

They would argue for several minutes before they agreed on the price.
他们要争论几分钟，才能就价格达成一致。

agree to含有“批准”的意思，经常和suggestion, plan, arrangement等搭配。

I find it hard to agree to their arrangement. 我觉得很难同意他们的安排。

agree with表示“同意某人说的话；同意某人的观点”。

I don’t agree with a single word you have said. 你说的我一点儿都不同意。

25. beat, win
beat表示“打败”，宾语只能是对手。

He never beats me in tennis. 他打网球从没赢过我。

win表示“取得胜利”，宾语为比赛。

Which team do you think will win the game? 你认为哪个队会获胜？
26. besides, except, except for
besides表示“除……之外还有……”，表示二者同处于一个范围内。

Besides Tom, three students failed in the exam. 除了汤姆之外，还有三个学生考试不及格。

except表示“除……之外没有/都……”，表示二者不在一个范围内。

I knew nobody here except you. 这儿除了你,我谁都不认识.
except for表示“美中不足”。

Your composition is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.
你的作文写得很好，就是有一点拼写错误。

27. hurt, injure, wound
hurt主要强调所受的伤伴有剧烈的疼痛，此外还可以表示情感上的伤害。

He hurt his arm when he fell down. 他跌倒了,把胳膊摔伤了。

I didn’t mean to hurt you when I said that. 我说那些话，不是有意要伤害你的。

injure主要强调在意外事故中受伤。

Twenty people were seriously injured in the terrible fire. 有二十个人在大火中受了重伤。

wound主要指在战争中或打斗中受伤。

The bullet wounded the policeman in the right arm. 子弹打伤了警察的右臂。

28. missing, lost
missing主要强调某物不在现场，并不一定丢失。

The police are searching the wood for the missing girl. 警方正在树林中搜寻走失的女孩。

lost表示“丢失”，含有某物再也找不到了的意思。

My wallet is lost, with fifty dollars in it. 我的钱包丢了，里面有五十美金。

29. some day, one day, the other day
some day一般指未来的某一天。

You will regret for that some day. 有一天你一定会后悔的。

one day可以指未来的某一天，也可以指过去的某一天。

One day it came to Mike’s turn to translate. 有一天轮到了麦克来翻译。

I will go to France one day. 有一天我会去法国。

the other day只能表示过去的某一天。

I met your sister on the street the other day. 有一天我在街上碰到了你妹妹。

30. between, among
between可以用于两者之间，也可用于三者或三者以上。

表示“在各自独立的个体之间”。

There are highways between Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. 在京津沪三地之间有高速公路连接。

among用于三者或三者以上，表示“在一个群体之间”。

He prefers to live among the working people. 他更愿意与工人们住在一起。

31. a big time/ the big time
a big time 意为“尽兴；愉快时刻（指宴会、聚会等）”，其为口语用法，常和have 搭配使用。

the big time 意为“第一流；最高级（尤指运动、娱乐等）”。

例如：
Jim had a big time at the party last night.昨晚吉姆在晚会上玩得非常尽兴。

Don't worry，he is in the big time now.别担心，他现在是一流的。

big - time 是复合形容词，在句子中用作定语，意为“第一流的”。

例如：
Yao Ming will become a big-time basketball player.姚明会成为一流的篮球运动员。

32. according to / according as
according to 意为“按照；根据；因……而定” 后接名词或从句。

according as 意为“随……而定”。

according as 后接从句。

例如：
According to the newspapers ，Bush will come to China tomorrow.据报纸上说，布什明天将来中国。

You may do it today or tomorrow according as the situation requires.你们今天做还是明天做这件事，可以根据客观需要而定。

33. add color to / give color to
add color to 意为“使……有趣；使……增色”。

give color to 意为“使……可信；使……看起来有可能”。

例如：
He added color to my performance.他使我的演出增色生辉。

The boy's torn clothes gave color to his story of a fight.那孩子被撕破的衣服使他说的跟人打架的事显得真实可信。

34. afraid of/ afraid to
afraid of 意为“害怕；忧虑；担忧”，后接名词、动名词或从句，它着重强调对可能产生的后果担忧或忧虑。

She was afraid of hurting my feelings.她担心会伤了我的感情。

afraid to 意为“害怕；不敢” 后接动词原形，它着重指不敢或害怕去做某事。

例如：
She was afraid to wake her husband up.她不敢叫醒她的丈夫。

35. at the end (of) / by the end of/in the end
at the end (of) 在(……的)末端。

如
At the end of the street you’ll find the hospital. 在街的尽头，你可以找到那家医院。

I think the film is a bit weak at the end. 我认为这部电影的末尾差一些。

by the end of 到结束时，到末尾时。

如：
We had studied English for three years by the end of last term. 到上期末，我们就已学了三年英语了。

By the end of the chapter, you’ll have guessed the meaning of this word. 等你读完这一章时
in the end最后，终于。

如：In the end she married a singer. 最后她嫁给了一个歌手。

He tried many times to pass the exam and in the end he succeeded. 他多次努力要考及格，最后终于成功了。

练习：
1. My younger sister always wears a beautiful _____.
A. cloth
B. dress
C. cloths
D. trouser
2. She as a good _____ and sings beautifully.
A. noise
B. sound
C. voice
D. throat
3. After paying 100 dollars _____, you’ll all become full members of our club.
A. both
B. either
C. every
D. each
4. Did you enjoy your _____ in Africa?
A. journeys
B. trips
C. tours
D. travels
5. To my surprise, it didn’t hurt _____ when my tooth was pulled out.
A. a little
B. a bit
C. little
D. bit
答案：
1.B
2.C
3.D
4.D
5.B
练习：
1. Does John know any other foreign language _____ French?
A. except
B. but for
C. besides
D. except for
2. Susan is _____ the top students in our class.
A. among
B. between
C. in
D. within
3. Young children are usually _____ than old people.
A. alive
B. living
C. live
D. lively
4. The two sides agreed _____ the date for the talk.
A. on
B. to
C. with
D. at
5. We will take our holiday _____ in August.
A. sometimes
B. some times
C. sometime
D. some time
答案：
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. C。