独立主格结构讲解及练习题

独立主格结构讲解及练习题

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我们知道，“V—ing或—ed形式”短语作状语时，其实就是状语从句在主从句主语一致的情况下省略的结果。所以通常情况下，“V—ing或—ed形式”作状语时其逻辑主语是和主句的主语一致的。在前后主语不一致的情况下，我们通常采用“V—ing或—ed形式”短语前加上其逻辑主语一起构成主句的状语部分，因此我们就把自带逻辑主语的“V—ing或—ed形式”结构叫做“独立主格结构”。

事实上，在英语中，“独立主格结构”还可以由“逻辑主语+不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等”构成，其功能相当于“with复合结构”或“非限制性定语从句”。独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

下面本人就从句型转化的角度解读“独立主格结构”的“独立”之处。

1. 与状语从句的转化

1). All the work finished, he sat down for a coffee.

【= When all the work was finished, he sat down for a coffee.】

2). Weather permitting, we will go swimming tomorrow.

【= If weather permits, we will go swimming tomorrow.】

3). The boy being late, his teacher was very angry.

【= As the boy was late, his teacher was very angry. 】

4) Everything taken into consideration, the event was a great event.

【= When e very thing taken into consideration, the event was a great event.】

5) There being something more important to attend to, he had to cancel the appointment with me.

【= As there was something more important to attend to, he had to cancel the appointment with me.】

6). The floor wet, they stayed outside.

【= As the floor was wet, they stayed outside.】

2. 与with复合结构的转化

1). A lot of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.

【=With a lot of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.】

2）The president entered the meeting room, his secretary following him.

【=The president entered the meeting room, with his secretary following him.】

3). The crazy man, a gun in his hand, was trying to kill his wife.

【=The crazy man, with a gun in his hand, was trying to kill his wife.】

3. 与非限制性定语从句的转化

1). The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent having been launched at the end of last month.

【=The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecrafts, the most recent of which was launched at the end of last month.】

2). The old farmer raised 10 pigs, two weighing 200kg.

【=The old farmer raised 10 pigs, two of which weighed 200kg.】

巩固联系

1. E very thing ___ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.

A. to take

B. taken

C. to be taken

D. taking

2. An expert ___ to help them tomorrow, they are sure to work out the problem.

A. will come

B. coming

C. to come

D. having come

3. The meeting ___ over, he went to pick up his son directly

A. to be

B. is

C. was

D. being

4. --- They sat still in the room, ___.

--- Why did they do like that?

A. drawing the curtains

B. with the curtains drawn