格老秀斯是近代西方启蒙思想家中.

Chapter One

INTRODUCTION

Main Contents of Chapter I

Section One ——nature of International Law

Section Two ——Historical Development of International Law

Section Three ——Theories of International Law

Section Four ——Relationship between International Law and National Law

Section One

Nature of International Law

Ⅰ. Nature of International Law

What is “International Law”?

International Law: inter-nation-al –law

国际法是规范国家与国家之间关系之法，而不是规范私人关系之法。然以在主权国家之上，再无更高的权力，学者乃说国际法是存于列国之间之法，而不是加于列国之上之法；换句话说，国际法是列国自己公认之法。而不是从上级权利加诸于列国之法。

(1). The name of International Law

law of nations ; super-national law; world law ，transnational law; law of humanity International law (Bentham)英国著名哲学家和法学家

conflict of laws (国际私法，冲突法) International Law public international law（国际公法）

(2). The concept of International Law

International law is about principles and rules of conduct that nations regard as binding upon them and, therefore, are expected to and usually do observe in their relations with one another .

国际法是指在国际交往中形成的，用以调整国际关系（主要是国家间关系）的，有法律拘束力的原则、规则和制度的总体。

(3). Nature of International Law

①国际法的法律性

②国际法的国际性

Section Two

Historical Development of International Law

§1-14.Origins起源of the modern system

古代和中世纪国际法近代国际法16世纪现代国际法20世纪初

Antiquity--- practice such as

the exchange of emissaries 使节

the conclusion 缔结of peace treaties

some of rules applicable to them

16th—17th ---international law(the law of nations)came into its own as a separate legal system or discipline学科with the emergence出现of the modern nation-state .

Modern times近代---the rules governing relations between states came to be seen as a distinct 独特body of law.

The foundations of international law

Ancient Greek-Roman

philosophical legacy

Influenced by

Modern western

political culture

and legal practice

The emergence of “nation-states”

Early Origins

1. 古代国际法

古代是否有国际法？这一直是一个争论的问题。

主流观点：难以产生完整的国际法体系；

但是也存在着类似国际法的原则规则和制度。

1、古代国家不是近代意义的主权国家

2、古代世界毕竟有类似国家的政治实体

3、雏形的国际法

古代埃及：

“An international treaty is signed between RamesesⅡof Egypt and the king of the Hittites for the establishment of peace and alliance between thetwo kingdoms.”

公元前1296年埃及法老和赫梯王国皇帝订立同盟条约

古代希腊

Those numerous treaties signed by theGreek city-statesset significant precedents for moderninternational law practice.

古代希腊在城邦之间，有着相当发达的使节和战争制度。

古代罗马

This law provided simplified rules for governing the relationship between foreigners and between foreigners and citizens.