(考前添分指导)广东省2014高考英语 阅读理解指导Ⅰ(精讲精析)

阅读理解中主旨大意题的解题技巧

一、设题方式

The passage is mainly about .

Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

What would be the best title for the passage?

What’s the main theme of the passage?

What’s mainly discussed in the passage?

二、干扰项特点

1. 断章取义。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。

2. 以偏概全。干扰项常常以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要内容。

3. 主题扩大。干扰项归纳、概括的范围过大。

4. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B上。

三、解题指导

解题时需要快速了解作者的写作方法，理清文章结构，找到主题句或主旨句。作者表现文章主旨的方式一般有下面几种：

1. 正三角形写作法

主题出现在首句或者首段。开门见山提出主题，这是英语中最常见的写作方式。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”、“导语”，实际上就是提出主题。大部分说明文也是如此。例1：

[2013年福建卷阅读理解E篇]

A MENTORING(导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth. Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.

Alex Goldberg, the program’s founder, said: “We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.”

…

75. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Alex Goldberg, Founder of Young Inspirations

B. Young People Find a World of Opportunity

C. Kieran, Banbury School Pupil to Paris

D. Debates Help Youth with Their Grades

解析：B。本文的第一句 A MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth便是全文的主题句，它点明了本文主要涉及的内容。由此可知，导师制为年轻人提供了改变生活的机会。

例2：

[2013年重庆卷阅读理解C篇]

Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, however, that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.

…

67. What is the passage mainly about?

A. The beginning of road design.

B. The development of transport wheels.

C. The history of public transport.

D. The invention of fast-moving vehicles.

解析：B。本文开门见山地提到wheel，点明了文章的主题。再综合后文的内容可知，全文讲述了车轮的发展历程以及道路设计对车轮发展的影响。

2. 倒三角形写作法

主题句出现在文尾，即先表述事实细节或论据，然后在结尾点出主题或结论。

例：

[2013年广东卷阅读理解B篇]

Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that’s just the reality of how life is.

However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in ad dition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practising. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in.

…

Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time. If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect to receive any rewards. Consistent, hard work won’t guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.

35. What is the main theme of the passage?

A. Having a goal is vital to success.

B. Being good is different from being great.

C. One cannot succeed without time and practice.

D. Luck, talent and family help to achieve success.

解析：C。由第二段开头的However可知，本文的主题论点不在第一段，而在后文。最后一段对全文进行了总结，根据该段第一句if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time可知，本文的主题思想是“人们不付出时间和练习是不可能取得成功的”。

3. 菱形写作法

比较常见的是问题答案型写作法，作者在一开始或某一段末以问句形式提出一个问题，然后给出该问题的答案(Type 1)。另外还有一种常见的写作方法，此类写作法常出现在现象解释型文章中，作者开始叙述某一现象，然后对该现象进行解释(Type 2)。

常用于Type 1的表达：why, result in, bring about, lead to, give rise to, trigg er, cause, affect, have an effect on, so…that, so that…等。

常用于Type 2的表达：result from, because, since, now that, lie in, because of, owing to, thanks to, the reason for doing sth.等。