2020学年高中英语Unit1CULTURALHERITAGESectionⅢGrammar——限制性定语从句教案新人教版必修第二册

Section ⅢGrammar——限制性定语从句

语境自主领悟

先观察原句后自主感悟

1.There was not much(that) we could do when it was raining.

2.That is all that works.

3.Who is the girl that he gave the flower to？

4.The lady I wrote the poem for was my sister.

5.This is the great writer to whom our teacher was referring.

6.He received the email (that) he was looking forward to.1.例句1先行词much和例句2先行词all后用that，不用which，作定语从句的宾语时可以省略。

2.例句3、4中关系代词作动词的间接宾语时，用to或for，无关系代词时，也要用to或for。

3.例句5中介词置于从句之首，关系代词whom 之前。

4.例句6中定语从句的谓语动词如果是以介词结尾的短语动词，则不可把介词移至从句之首。

限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清晰完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。

Do you know the girl who just came in?

你认识那个刚刚进来的女孩吗？(若把从句去掉，则不明白是哪个女孩)

The old woman，who lives on her own，has a cat for company.

这个老妇人一个人住，养了一只猫陪伴她。(若把从句去掉，仍然知道是哪个老妇人) [即时训练1] 单句语法填空

①My house，which I bought last year，has got a lovely garden.

②The boy that/who broke the window is called Tom.

一、只用that不用which的情况

1．先行词是不定代词all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时。

Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?

你有什么要为自己说的吗？

2．先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only，the very (恰恰，正好)，the last，all，no，few，little，any等修饰时。

This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.

这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。

This is the only thing that we can do now.

这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。

3．先行词既有人又有物时。

The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.

你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就为我们所有人所钦佩。

4．当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也作表语时。

Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.

上海不再是过去的那座城市了。

5．当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate?

站在门口的那个人是谁？

[即时训练2] 单句语法填空

①He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.

②Here is the book about which I told you yesterday.

③This is the best way that is to be used against pollution.

二、只用which不用that的情况

1．引导非限制性定语从句。

Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，which，of course，made the others envy him.

海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这当然使其他的儿子很嫉妒她的小儿子。

2．关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前。

This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.

这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。

3．引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体或部分概念。

The result was not the same as they had expected，which was rather disappointing.

结果与当初预料的不一样，这令人很失望。

[即时训练3] 单句语法填空

①Tom came back，which made us very happy.

②The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.