2018年宁波大学考研试题244英语(二外)(A卷)
2018宁波大学661基础英语初试试卷（A卷）考研真题
2018宁波大学661基础英语初试试卷（A卷）考研真题科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语Shakespeare’s sonnets are very different from Shakespeare’s plays, but they do contain _____1_____elements and an overall sense of story. Each of the poems__2____with a highly personal theme, and each can be __3___ on its own or in relation to the poems around it. The sonnets have the feel of ___4___ poems, but we don’t know whether they deal with real events or not, because no one knows ___5___ aboutShakespeare’s life to say whether or not they deal with real events and feelings, so we tend to refer to the voice of the sonnets as “the speaker”—as ___6___ he were a dramatic creation like Hamlet or King Lear. There are certainly a number of intriguing ____7__ throughout the poems. The first 126 of the sonnets seem to be ___8___ to an unnamed young nobleman, whom the speaker loves very much; the rest of the poems (except for the last two, which seem generally unconnected to the __9___ of the sequence) seem to be addressed to a mysterious __10___ , whom the speaker loves, hates, and lusts for simultaneously. The two addressees of the sonnets are usually__11___ to as the “young man” and the “dark lady”; in summaries of individual poems, I h ave also called the young man the “beloved” and the dark lady the “lover,” especially in cases where their ____12__ can only be surmised. Within the two mini-sequences, there are a ____13___ of other discernible elements of “plot”: the speaker _14__ the young man to have children; he is forced to __15__ a separation from him; he competes with a__16___ poet for the young man’s patronage and affection. At two points in the sequence, it seems that the young man and the___17__lady are actually lovers themselves—a state of affairs with which the speaker is none too ___18___ . But while these continuities give the poems a narrative flow and a helpful frame of reference, they have been frustratingly_19____ for scholars and biographers to pin __20___ . In Shakespe are’s life, who were the young man and the dark lady?科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician mustexecute, and particularly vigorous emotions. If these factors are all organized around music, the child may become a musician. The same factors, in other circumstance might be organized about some other center of interest. The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry. The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery. It is not the knowledge of music that is inherited, then nor even the love of it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill. Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other undertaking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child grows up.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F).1. It is utterly impossible for us to learn anything about prenatal development.2. There are no connectio n between mother’s nervous systems and her unborn child’s.3. According to the passage, a child may inherit a rather general ability that we call intelligence.4. If a child inherits something from his mother, such as an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or of the vocal organs, he will mostly become a poet.5. The best title for the passage could be “Role of Inheritance”.Section C (10 points)Read the following passage and write a summary of it within 100 words.She sat at the window watching the evening invade the avenue. Her head was leaned against the window curtains, and in her nostrils was the odour of dusty cretonne. She was tired.Few people passed. The man out of the last house passed on his way home; she heard his footsteps clacking along the concrete pavement and afterwards crunching on the cinder path before the new red houses. One time there used to be a field there in which they used to play every evening with other people's children. Then a man from Belfast bought the field and built houses in it - not like their little科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语brown houses, but bright brick houses with shining roofs. The children of the avenue used to play together in that field - the Devines, the Waters, the Dunns, little Keogh the cripple, she and her brothers and sisters. Ernest, however, never played: he was too grown up. Her father used often to hunt them in out of the field with his blackthorn stick; but usually little Keogh used to keep nix and call out when he saw her father coming. Still they seemed to have been rather happy then. Her father was not so bad then; and besides, her mother was alive. That was a long time ago; she and her brothers and sisters were all grown up; her mother was dead. Tizzie Dunn was dead, too, and the Waters had gone back to England. Everything changes. Now she was going to go away like the others, to leave her home.Home! She looked round the room, reviewing all its familiar objects which she had dusted once a week for so many years, wondering where on earth all the dust came from. Perhaps she would never see again those familiar objects from which she had never dreamed of being divided. And yet during all those years she had never found out the name of the priest whose yellowing photograph hung on the wall above the broken harmonium beside the coloured print of the promises made to Blessed Margaret Mary Alacoque. He had been a school friend of herfather. Whenever he showed the photograph to a visitor her father used to pass it with a casual word:`He is in Melbourne now.'She had consented to go away, to leave her home. Was that wise? She tried to weigh each side of the question. In her home anyway she had shelter and food; she had those whom she had known all her life about her. Of course she had to work hard, both in the house and at business. What would they say of her in the Stores when they found out that she had run away with a fellow? Say she was a fool, perhaps; and her place would be filled up by advertisement. Miss Gavan would be glad. She had always had an edge on her, especially whenever there were people listening.`Miss Hill, don't you see these ladies are waiting?'`Look lively, Miss Hill, please.'She would not cry many tears at leaving the Stores.But in her new home, in a distant unknown country, it would not be like that. Then she would be married - she, Eveline. People would treat her with respect then. She would not be treated as her mother had been. Even now, though she was over nineteen, she sometimes felt herself in danger of her father's violence. She knew it was that that had given her the Palpitations. When they were growing up he had never gone for her, like he used to go for Harry and Ernest, because she was a girl; but latterly he had begun to科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语threaten her and say what he would do to her only for her dead mother's sake. And now she had nobody to protect her, Ernest was dead and Harry, who was in the church decorating business, was nearly always down somewhere in the country. Besides, the invariable squabble for money on Saturday nightshad begun to weary her unspeakably. She always gave her entire wages - seven shillings - and Harry always sent up what he could, but the trouble was to get any money from her father. He said she used to squander the money, that she had no head, that he wasn't going to give her his hard-earned money to throw about the streets, and much more, for he was usually fairly bad on Saturday night. In the end he would give her the money and ask her had she any intention of buying Sunday's dinner. Then she had to rush out as quickly as she could and do her marketing, holding her black leather purse tightly in her hand as she elbowed her way through the crowds and returning home late under her load of provisions. She had hard work to keep the house together and to see that the two young children who had been left to her charge went to school regularly and got their meals regularly. It was hard work - a hard life - but now that she was about to leave it she did not find it a wholly undesirable life.She was about to explore another life with Frank. Frank was very kind, manly, open-hearted. She was to go away with him by the night-boat to be his wife and to live with him in Buenos Aires, where he had a home waiting for her. How well she remembered the first time she had seen him; he was lodging in a house on the main road where she used to visit. It seemed a few weeks ago. He was standing at the gate, his peaked cap pushed back on his head and his hair tumbled forward over a face of bronze. Then they had come to know each other. He used to meet her outside the Stores every evening and see her home. He took her to see The Bohemian Girl and she felt elated as she sat in an unaccustomed part of the theatre with him He was awfully fond of music and sang a little. People knew that they were courting,and, when he sang about the lass that loves a sailor, she always felt pleasantly confused. He used to call her Poppens out of fun. First of all it had been an excitement for her to have a fellow and then she had begun to like him. He had tales of distant countries. He had started as a deck boy at a pound a month on a ship of the Allan Line going out to Canada. He told her the names of the ships he had been on and the names of the different services. He had sailed through the Straits of Magellan and he told her stories of the terrible Patagonians. He had fallen on his feet in Buenos Aires, he said, and had come over to the old country just for a holiday. Of course, her father had found out the affair and had forbidden her to have anything to say to him.`I know these sailor chaps,' he said.科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语One day he had quarrelled with Frank, and after that she had to meet her lover secretly.The evening deepened in the avenue. The white of two letters in her lap grew indistinct. One was to Harry; the other was to her father. Ernes! had been her favourite, but she liked Harry too. Her father was becoming old lately, she noticed; he would miss her. Sometimes he could be very nice. Not long before, when she had been laid up for a day, he had read her out a ghost story and made toast for her at the fire. Another day, when their mother was alive, they had all gone for a picnic to the Hill of Howth. She remembered her father putting on her mother's bonnet to make the children laugh.Her time was running out, but she continued to sit by the window, leaning her head against the window curtain, inhaling the odour of dusty cretonne. Down far in the avenue she could hear a street organ playing. She knew the air. Strange that itshould come that very night to remind her of the promise to her mother, her promise to keep the home together as long as she could. She remembered the last night of her mother's illness; she was again in the close, dark room at the other side of the hall and outside she heard a melancholy air of Italy. The organ-player had been ordered to go away and given sixpence. She remembered her father strutting back into the sick-room saying:`Damned Italians! coming over here!'As she mused the pitiful vision of her mother's life laid its spell on the very quick of her being - that life of commonplace sacrifices closing in final craziness. She trembled as she heard again her mother's voice saying constantly with foolish insistence: `Derevaun Seraun! Derevaun Seraun!'She stood up in a sudden impulse of terror. Escape! She must escape! Frank would save her. He would give her life, perhaps love, too. But she wanted to live. Why should she be unhappy? She had a right to happiness. Frank would take her in his arms, fold her in his arms. He would save her.She stood among the swaying crowd in the station at the North Wall. He held her hand and she knew that he was speaking to her, saying something about the passage over and over again. The station was full of soldiers with brown baggages. Through the wide doors of the sheds she caught a glimpse of the black mass of the boat, lying in beside the quay wall, with illumined portholes. She answered nothing. She felt her cheek pale and cold and, out of a maze of distress, she prayed to God to direct her, to show her what was her duty. The boat blew a long mournful whistle into the mist. If she went, tomorrow she would be on the sea with Frank, steaming towards Buenos Aires. Their passage had been booked. Could she still draw back after all hehad done for her? Her distress awoke a nausea in her body 科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语。
宁波大学241德语(二外)2009—2018年考研初试专业课真题试卷
考试科目: 德语（二外）科目代码：241适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学I.Lesen Sie den folgenden Text und wählen Sie die richtige Lösung(读以下短文，选择正确答案，每题1分，共10分)Herr Bode ___1___ ein Geschäftsmann in Beijing. Er _2__ aus Duisburg. Seine Frau _3___auch . Sie ist _4___ . Herr und Frau Bode ___5_ zwei Kinder. Ihre Tochter __6___ Maria,Sie ist 21 Jahre _7__.Der Sohn Jonas ist 20. Beide Kinder __8___ an der Universität, Bodes hat eine Wohnung __9__ der Stadt Duisburg . Diese Wohung ist ___10__ als seine Wohnung in Beijing1. A) sei B) bin C) ist D) sind2. A) geht B) kommt C) läuft D) schreibt3. A) arbeitet B) schläft C) steht D) tut4. A) Arzt B) Arztin C) Ärzt D) Ärztin5. A) haben B) haten C) hätten D) hatten6.A) heißt B) ist C) nennt D)benennt7. A) alt B) alter C) älter D) älteste8. A) lernen B) verlernen C) studieren D) beibringen9.A) bei B) in C) von D) nach10. A) großB) großt C) großer D) größerII.Grammatik und Wortschatz （语法与词汇选择题：每题1分，共20分）1. Ministerpräsident Li Keqiang ______ Deutschland im letzten Jahr.A) hielt B) besuchte C) sah D) blieb2. Im Westsee ____ man nicht schwimmen.A)will B) darf C) muss D)möchte3 Richard Wagner übt einen großen ______ auf die deutsche klassische Musik aus.A Beitrag B) Erinnerung C) Einfluss D) Eindruck4. Das Kind hat um Hilfe seiner Mutter ____A)bat B) geboten C) gebeten D)bitten5. Ich trinke gern bei dem Abendessen ____ Wein.A)französischen B)französische C)französisches D)französischer第 1 页共 6 页考试科目: 德语（二外）科目代码：241适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学6. Katharina lernt Deutsch sehr fleißig , ____ das Studium an der TU Dresden fort___setzen .A) für... zu B) ohne... zuC) stat... zu D)um ... zu7.____________ treibt Hans Meyer gern Sport.A)Jeder Morgen B) Jeden MorgenC) Jeder Tag D) Jedes Tages8.Auf dem Land gibt es viel _______LuftA) frische B ) frischerC) frisch D) frischen9. Hast du deine Schularbeiten noch nicht fertig gemacht? Nein,___ sind schwer.A) die B) das C) welche D) es10. Frühlingsfest hat eigentlich mit der Religion nicht zu _______.A) tun B)machen C) spielen D) beschäftigt11. Sabine ist ____schwach, _____sie im Bett liegen musste.A) so… als B) so… dass C) so…damit D)so… deshalb12. _______ sind die Zukunt des Landes.A) Den Jugendlichen B) Der Jugendliche C) Die Jugendliche D) Die Jugendlichen13.Marias Mantel ist____ als ihre JackeA) teuerer B) teuer C) teurer D) teueren14. Sophie hat keine Angst _____ , zu Hause zu bleibenA) daran B) daraus C)dazu D) davor15. Der gestern __________ Gast flog aus Deutschland.A) angekommene B) abgekommene C) ankommende D) abkommende16. Es ist so warm,________________________.A)als ob der Frühling käme B) als der Frühling kämeC) als ob der Frühling käm D）als der Frühling käm17. Das Wasserdampf kondensiert in ______ von Tropfen an einer kühlen Fensterscheibe.A) Verhalten B) Form C) Material D) Stoff第 2 页共 6 页考试科目: 德语（二外）科目代码：241适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学18.A: Herr Ober, Zahlen.B: Herr Schmidt , wie schmeckt ______ das Abendessen ?A)Ihnen B) uns C)dir D) mir19. Ich möchte wissen, _______ heute Morgen bei dir passiert ist.A) weil B) was C)dass D) ob20. Luxemburg ist eines der _____ Länder der Welt.A) reich B)reichsten C) reicher D) reichsteIII.Leseverstehen （阅读理解，共15题，每题2分，共30分）Text AEin extravaganter （过分的）Lifestyle und Reichtum als Lebensziel sind das Thema des Kinoerfolgs …Tiny Times", eines Films nach einem Fortsetzungsroman des 30-jährigen Schriftstellers Guo Jingming, der dabei auch Regie führte. Bei seiner Premiere am 27. Juni brach der Film mit Einnahmen von 73 Millionen Yuan alle Rekorde an den Kinokassen. In der Folgewoche spielte er 360 Millionen Yuan (450.000 Euro) und bis zum 25. Juli nochmals 482 Millionen Yuan ( über 600.000 Euro) ein. Trotz seines Erfolges hat …Tiny Times" die öffentliche Meinung stark gespalten. Das Mainstream-Publikum und Rezensenten haben den oberflächlichen Ansatz des Films, die unlogische Geschichte, die kindischen Figuren und den verschwenderischen Lebensstil kritisiert. Millionen junger Fans verteidigen dagegen eifrig ihren Lieblingsautor.Im Zentrum des Films stehen vier College-Studentinnen mit unterschiedlichem Charakter und familiärem Hintergrund, die seit der Schulzeit eng befreundet sind. Es geht um Freundschaft, Liebe und Karriere. Lin Xiao, gespielt von der bekannten Schauspielerin Yang Mi, ergattert （弄到手）einen Teilzeitjob als persönliche Assistentin beim strengen Herausgeber des Luxus-Modemagazins …M.E." Gu Li, gespielt von Amber Kuo, ist zwar reich und arrogant, bietet Lin und anderen Freunden in schwierigen Zeiten aber immer wieder Hilfe an.Die Produzenten beschreiben den Film als eine Art chinesisches "Gossip Girl" und "Sex and the City", auch dort wird das Leben der Reichen und Schönen geschildert. Guo hofft, dass die Liebesgeschichten zwischen attraktiven Mädchen und Jungen in einem Upper-Class-Setting bei Fans der Post-1980er und 1990er Generation Anklang finden.第 3 页共 6 页考试科目: 德语（二外）科目代码：241适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学Lesen Sie den Text A und wählen Sie die richtige Lösung !（选择正确答案）1．Was kann man den Titel des Texts A nennen?A) Erfolg eines Films B) Geschichte der vier schönen MädchenC) Erfolg von …Tiny Times" D) Film von Guo Jingming2. Wieviel erreichte der Film …Tiny Times" an Kinokassen bei seiner Premiere?A) 482 Millionen Yuan B) 73 Millionen Y uan C) 360 Millionen Y uan D) 450.000 Euro3. Welchen Punkt haben Rezensenten nicht kritisiert nach dem Text A ?A) Karriere B) den oberflächlichen AnsatzC) die unlogische Geschichte D) den verschwenderischen Lebensstil4. Wer spielt Lin Xiao in diesem Film ?A) Guo Jingming B) Yang Mi C) Amber Kuo D) Gu Li5. Der Film wird als ________ bezeichnetA) Upper-Class-Setting B) Fans der Post-1980er und 1990er GenerationC) die Reichen und Schönen D) chinesisches "Gossip Girl"Text BAbends warteten sie auf Monika. Sie arbeitete in der Stadt, die Bahnverbindungen sind schlecht. sie, er und seine Frau, saßen am Tisch und warteten auf Monika. Seit sie in der Stadt arbeitete, aßen sie erst um halb acht. Früher hatten sie eine Stunde eher gegessen. jetzt warteten sie täglich eine Stunde am ge- deckten Tisch, an ihren Plätzen, der Vater oben, die Mutter auf dem Stuhl nahe der Küchentür, sie warteten vor dem leeren Platz Monikas. Einige Zeit später dann auch vor dem dampfenden Kaffee, vor der Butter, dem Brot, der Marmelade.Sie war größer gewachsen als sie, sie war auch blonder und hatte die Haut, die feine Haut der Tante Maria. “Sie war immer ein liebes Kind”, sagte die Mutter, während sie warteten.In ihrem Zimmer hatte sie einen Plattenspieler und sie brachte oft Platten mit aus der Stadt und sie wusste, wer darauf sang. Sie hatte auch einen Spiegel und verschiedene Fläschchen und Döschen, einen Hocker aus marokkanischem Leder, eine Schachtel Zigaretten.Der Vater holte sich seine Lohntüte auch bei einem Bürofräulein. Er sah dann die vielen Stempel auf einem Gestell, bestaunte das sanfte Geräusch der Rechenmaschine, die blondierten Haare des Fräuleins, sie sagte freundlich “Bitte schön”, wenn er sich bedankte.第 4 页共 6 页考试科目: 德语（二外）科目代码：241适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学Über Mittag blieb Monika in der Stadt, sie aß eine Kleinigkeit, wie sie sagte, in einem Tearoom. Sie war dann ein Fräulein, das in Tearooms lächelnd Zigaretten raucht.Oft fragten sie sie, was sie alles getan habe in der Stadt, im Büro. Sie wusste aber nichts zu sagen.Dann versuchten sie wenigstens sich genau vorzustellen, wie sie beiläufig in der Bahn ihr rotes Etui mit dem Abonnement aufschlägt und vorweist, wie sie den Bahnsteig entlanggeht, wie sie sich auf dem Weg ins Büro angeregt mit Freundinnen unterhält, wie sie den Gruß eines Herrn lächelnd erwidert.Und dann stellten sie sich mehrmals vor in dieser Stunde, wie sie heimkommt, die Tasche und ein Modejournal unter dem Arm, ihr Parfüm; stellten sich vor, wie sie sich an ihren Platz setzt, wie sie dann zusammen essen wurden.Bald wird sie sich in der Stadt ein Zimmer nehmen, das wussten sie, und dass sie dann wieder um halb sieben essen würden, dass der Vater nach der Arbeit wieder seine Zeitung lesen würde, dass es dann kein Zimmer mehr mit Plattenspieler gäbe, keine Stunde des Wartens mehr. Auf dem Schrank stand eine Vase aus blauem schwedischem Glas, eine Vase aus der Stadt, ein Geschenkvorschlag aus dem Mode- journal.“Sie ist wie deine Schwester”, sagte die Frau, “sie hat das alles von deiner Schwester. Erinnerst du dich, wie schön deine Schwester singen konnte?"“Andere Mädchen rauchen auch”, sagte die Mutter.“Ja”, sagte er, “das habe ich auch gesagt.”“Ihre Freundin hat kürzlich geheiratet”, sagte die Mutter.Sie wird auch heiraten, dachte er, sie wird in der Stadt wohnen. Kürzlich hatte er Monika gebeten: “Sag mal etwas auf Französisch.” –“Ja”, hatte die Mutter wiederholt, “sag mal etwas auf Französisch.'” Sie wusste aber nichts zu sagen.Stenografieren （速记）kann sie auch, dachte er jetzt. “Für uns wäre das zu schwer”, sagten sie oft zueinander. Dann stellte die Mutter den Kaffee auf den Tisch. “Ich habe den Zug gehört”, sagte sie.A .Was ist dem TextB nach richtig ? Kreuzen Sie an! （对打√，错打×）1.Sie saßen am Tisch und warteten auf Monika ( )2.Monika war größer gewachsen als ihre Eltern ( )3.Die Eltern versuchten sich nicht vorzustellen, wie sie beiläufig in der Bahn ihr rotes Etui mit dem Abonnement aufschlägt .( )4. Wenn ihre Tochter ein Zimmer in der Stadt nimmt, würden sie noch eine Stunde warten. ( )第 5 页共 6 页考试科目: 德语（二外）科目代码：241适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学5.“Für uns wäre das Stenografieren nicht zu schwer”, sagten sie. ( )B.Welche Sätze im Text haben die gleiche Bedeutung wie die folgenden Sätze? Schreiben Sie den entsprechenden Satz aus !1. Früher hatten Monikas Eltern eine Stunde eher zu Abend gegessen.___________________________________________________________2. Sie hatte blonde Haare und feine Haut wie Maria.____________________________________________3. Die Tochter raucht lächelt in Tearoom Zigarette.__________________________________________________________4. Wenn Monika in der Stadt wohnt, würde der Vater wieder die Zeitung lesen.__________________________________________________________5. Ihre Tochter wird in der Stadt wohnen und heiraten.___________________________________________________________IV Übersetzung aus dem Deutschen ins Chinesische（德译汉：每题2分，共20分）1.Heute weht ein so starker Wind.2.Auf der Straße ist viel Staub.3.Man kann nur schwer die Augen öffnen.4.Die Auto fahren ganz langsam.5.Im Wetterbericht heißt es, dass heute ein Sandsturm kommt.6.In Deutschland habe ich noch nie erlebt.7.In der Inneren Mongolei ist eine große Wüste.8.Der Sturm wirbelt dort Sand und Staub auf.9.Bei uns in Deutschland haben wir viel Wälder und Rasen.10.Sie haben Wälder abgeholzt und Grasland zerstört.V. Schriftlicher Ausdruck （作文20分）Schreiben Sie eine einen Bericht über Ihren Vater oder Ihre Mutter mit mindestens 20 Sätzen (oder 100 Wörtern) aus Ihrem Leben!第 6 页共 6 页宁波大学2015 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 德语（二外）科目代码：241适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第1 页共6 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 德语（二外）科目代码：241 适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 德语（二外）科目代码：241 适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 德语（二外）科目代码：241 适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 德语（二外）科目代码：241 适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 德语（二外）科目代码：241 适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:德语(二外)科目代码：241适用专业:英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学I.Lesen Sie den folgenden Text und wählen Sie die richtige Lösung.(读以下短文，选择正确答案，每题1分，共10分)In Deutschland___1___es410Hochschulen.__2__umfassen(包括）105Univeristäten,Technische Universitäten__3__Technische Hochschulen,51Kunsthochschulen,232Fachhochschulen,6 Pädagogische Hochschulen und16__4___Hochschulen.Die___5__Univeristät ist Universität Heidelberg,sie ist mehr__6__600Jahre alt.Insgesamt__7__die Hochschulen heute etwa zwei Millionen Studenten.__8___sind eine Million__9__und25000Ausländer,es gibt ungefähr 25479Studenten___10__China.“1.A)kommt B)geht C)gibt2.A)Sie B)Es C)Wir3.A)oder B)und C)denn4.A)Theologische B)Theologischer C)Theologischen5.A)alte B)älter C)älteste6.A)als B)so C)ob7.A)sind B)haben C)nehmen8.A)Davon B)Daraus C)Damit9.A)Frauen B)Student C)Lehrer10.A)aus B)von C)mitII.Grammatik und Wortschatz（语法与词汇选择题：每题1分，共20分）1._______Monat liest Rolf einen dicken Roman.A)Jeder B)Jeden C)Jede2.Ein Geburtstaggeschenk von meinem Freund gefällt___________sehr!A)mich B)ich C)mir3.Die Schüler müssen täglich_____________zu Mittag essen.A)in einem Restaurant B)zu Hause C)in der Mensa4.Der Fläche_____ist dieser Park am größten in der Stadt.A)nach B)mit C)zu入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:德语(二外)科目代码：241适用专业:英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学5.Frau Hammerschmidt_____ihren Koffer und steigt aus.A)nimmt B)steht C)legt6._____der Zerstörung des Waldes wird die Wüste immer größerA)Während B)Wegen C)Trotz7.Was feiert man_______Weihnachten jetzt in China?A)in B)an C)zu8.Gibt es momentan etwas_______?A)Neue B)Neues C)Neuen9.Viele Menschen erfuhren______ersten Mal von den Konzentrationslagern.A)zum B)beim C)im10.Diese______Uhr wurde in der Schweiz hergestellt.A)teuer B)teure C)teuere11.Die chinesische Delegation____nach Freiburg_____.A)ist...gefahren B)ist...gefahrt C)hat...gefahren12._______Leuten gibt die Regierung jetzt Arbeit.A)Diesen B)Dieser C)Diese13.Hans spricht so gut Chinesisch,als____er lange in China gewesen.A)war B)wäre C)ist14.Monika sagte,sie_____an dem Tag keinen Unterricht.A)habe B)hat C)hatte15.Big Dataüben einen immer wichtigen_________auf das Alltagsleben der Menschen aus.A)Leistung B)Einfluss C)Rolle16.Durch Betätigung des Schalters kommt die Maschine langsam in_________A)Bewegung B)Beherrschung C)Geschwindigkeit17.Alexander Humboldt sorgte auch_____,dass sich die Naturwissenschaften in Deutschland entwickeln konnten.A)damit B)davon C)dafür18.Thomas Mann ist____der bekanntesten deutschen Schriftsteller im20.JahrhundertA)einer B)eines C)eine入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:德语(二外)科目代码：241适用专业:英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学19.Die frischen Melonen____gestern vom einem großen Händler geliefert_____A)sind...werden B)sind...worden C)haben...werden20.Wenn meine Eltern Zeit hätten,____sie zu dir gekommen.A)würden B)sind C)wärenIII.Leseverstehen（阅读理解，共15题，每题2分，共30分）Text AEin Mann möchte einen neuen Computer kaufen und direkt in den Elektroladen SATURN gehen (i)haben hier einen Super-Computer.“,sagt der Verkäufer.…der weißalles,der kann sogar sprechen.“Der Mann will den Computer testen und fragt:…Wo ist mein Chef jetzt?“Der Computer rechnet einen Moment,dann sagt er:…Ihr Chef ist jetzt in der Lufthansa-Maschine LH474nach Tokio.Morgen muss er nach Hongkong fliegen,undübermorgen...“Der Mann ist zufrieden,aber er will noch einen Test machen.Er fragt:…Wo ist mein Vater jetzt?“Der Computer rechnet wieder und sagt dann:…Ihr Vater und seine Frau machen Urlaub in Wien.Sie sitzen jetzt beim Frühstück im Hotel Sacher.Heute Abend wollen sie ins Konzert gehen...“…So ein Unsinn“,sagt der Mann,”Mein Vater ist seit5Jahren tot.Und meine Mutter ist im Krankenhaus.So geht er sofort aus dem Laden und kauft keinen Computer.Lesen Sie den Text A und wählen Sie die richtige Lösung!（选择正确答案）1.Die passendeÜberschrift des Texts A istEin Mann kauft Computer B)Computer C)Unsinn2.Wo wollte der Mann einen Computer kaufen?A)Kaufhaus B)Supermarkt C)Elektroladen SATURN3.Was für einen Computer wollte der Verkäufer dem Mann empfehlen?A)Laptop Lenovo B)Super-Computer C)Computer4.Wohin fliegt der Chef des Mannes zuerst nach der Rechnung des Super-Computers?A)Tokio B)Wien C)Hongkong5.Wo ist der Vater des Mannes?A)alt B)krank C)tot入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:德语(二外)科目代码：241适用专业:英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学Text BWer die historische Stadt kennenlernen will,fängt am besten an dem600Jahre alten Rothenburger Tor an.Die Martin-Luther-Straße mit ihren vielen Häusern aus der Zeit der Renaissance geht von dort zum Marktplatz.Dort steht die bekannteste Sehenswürdigkeit der Stadt:die Sankt-Georgs-Kirche im Stil der Spätgotik.Von außen kann man ein Detail sehen:Ein Fenster ist mit Brezeln dekoriert.Sie erinnern an eine Spende von Bäckern zum Bau der rmationen zu den vielen Epochen und Stilen gibt es im Haus der Geschichte.Wenn die Sonne untergegangen ist,wird es in der Stadt im Norden Bayerns Zeit für einen Rundgang mit dem Nachtwächter.Von Mai bis November macht er jeden Tag eine Führung durch Dinkelsbühl.Mehr als30deutsche Monarchen haben hier ihre Krone bekommen–und Karl der Große hat hier seine letzte Ruhe gefunden.Der Aachener Dom hat eine interessante Historie.Es gibt viele Legenden und Sagen zu der Kirche.Aber auch wegen ihrer Architektur ist es sehr interessant,sie zu besichtigen. Das Wahrzeichen Aachens wurde circa793bis813gebaut–mit einer32Meter hohen Kuppel.Das war zu der Zeit sehr kompliziert.Besonders viele Besucher stehen bei dem Löwen vor dem Eingang. Eine Legende sagt nämlich:Satan hat geholfen,den Dom zu bauen.Aber nicht kostenlos.Nur:Die Aachener haben ihm seinen Lohn nicht gegeben.Als er das gemerkt hat,hat er sehrärgerlich die Kirchentür geschlossen–und dabei seinen Daumen verloren.Den kann man heute in dem Löwenkopf fühlen,sagt die Legende.Was ist dem Text B nach richtig?Kreuzen Sie an!（对打√，错打×。
2010年宁波大学244英语(二外)考研真题及详解(A卷)【圣才出品】
2010年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）Part Ⅰ: Vocabulary and Structure (20 po ints)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. On my way to school, I saw people _____ advertisements and sample products.A. conveyingB. creatingC. distributingD. discarding【答案】C【解析】句意：上学的路上，我看见有人发广告和样品。
distribute分发。
convey传递。
create创造。
discard摈弃。
因此，本题正确答案选C。
2. The city government promises to _____ the problem of unemployment in real earnest.A. postponeB. tackleC. composeD. anticipate【答案】B【解析】句意：市政府承诺会认真处理失业问题。
tackle处理。
postpone推延。
compose 构成。
anticipate期待。
因此，本题正确选项为B。
3. During the war there was a severe food shortage. It was not unusual that even the well-to-do families had to _____ meat for days.A. do withoutB. deal withC. do withD. rely on【答案】A【解析】句意：战争期间，食物匮乏。
2018考研英语二真题及参考答案
2018 年考研英语（二）真题及参考答案SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recentstudy in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considereda good instinct — it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance — but sometimes such13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.1. A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret3.A.rise st C.hurt D.mislead4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interrupt7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though 8.A.changeB.continueC.disappearD.happen9.A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owingto 10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget11.A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-destructive 15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict17.A.choose B.remember C.promiseD.pretend 18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategiesSection IIReadingComprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor ’ s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek ’ s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risksoverlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.arefinancially disadvantaged D.arenot academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.ed to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummetingprices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland， for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels —especially coal —as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers ，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there ’ s a long way to go ， the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”（Line 3，Para.2）is closest in meaningto. A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.hasproved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, . A.windis a widely used energy source B.windenergy has replaced fossil fuels C.techgiants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Itscontinuous supply is becoming a reality. D.Itssustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.isnot really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing — Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives．Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through．Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be．What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May ’s enemies are currentlyplotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power．But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power．But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them．The users of their services are not their customers．That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies．The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield．Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit．31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.mayworsen the economic imbalance C.should notprovide just one legal solution D.cannot keeppace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook usersbecause. A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.atypical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants’customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of “deep work”— the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic ”approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deepscheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point,Ishould have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor ’ s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day —in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done, ” he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38.According to Newport, idleness is ________.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39.Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance inwork D.is driven by task urgency40.This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.____________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “ I want to talk with this person” —this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something — the first word— but it just won ’ t come out. It feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”“,Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say“Hi”.42.____________It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and“what’s going on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you ’ ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45.____________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That ’ s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut”but quickly adds “scientist”to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads — everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.Section ⅣWritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to1）apologize and explain the situation, and2）suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use“Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address.（10 points）Part B48.Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing youshould 1）interpret the chart and2）give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.（15 points）2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案详解注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对1、【答案】【B】 resolve【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析
2018年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingern ails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter ,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,ho wever. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after vie wing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that i magining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects o f curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.1. A. resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore2.A. refuse B. wait C. seek D. regret3.A. rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4.A. alert B. tie C. expose D .treat5.A. message B. trial C. review D. concept6.A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9. A. rather than B. such as C. regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover11. A. pay B. marriage C. food D. schooling12.A. begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to13.A. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence D. diligence14.A. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-deceptive15.A. resist B. define C. replace D. trace16.A. predict B. overlook C. design D. conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. plan C. outcome D. duty19.A. whether B. why C. where D. how20. A .limitations B. investments C. strategies D. consequences1. A解析：句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。
宁波大学244英语二外2014-2020年考研专业课真题试卷
illness. In this more complex view, patterns such as depression and generalized anxiety arise as tendencies in the
human brain-body-environment system. 9 the patterns are established, they are hard to change because
Passage One
what
why
how
that
as
but
although
once
though
if
Have you ever heard of a condition known as “general paresis（麻痹性痴呆）of the insane”? Probably
not. In the 19th century general paresis was one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders. Its
and emotion develop or 4 they stick around.
Yet the hope remains
5 , much like with general paresis, we may soon discover the root causes of
these illnesses, and this knowledge may tell us 6 to treat them. An example of this hope can be seen in
宁波大学 2020 年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A 卷)
2018考研英语真题原文及参考答案
2018考研英语真题原文及参考答案2018 考研英语真题原文及参考答案一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AWhen Steven Spielberg was a teenager, his parents moved to New Jersey, and he very much wanted to attend a local university. So Spielberg created his own student identification card that said he was 21 and then forged his birth date on his driver’s license (驾照) to match the ID card. With them, plus a tall frame, he got a job as an intern (实习生) with Universal Studiosin Hollywood.Spielberg had learned to direct movies while he was young, often using his family’s movie camera to shoot home movies. The studio, intrigued with him, let him develop his short (短篇的) film into a full-length one, Amblin'.A Universal executive saw the movie and eventually signed (签约) Spielberg to a directing contract. By the age of 20, he was the youngest director at a major studio.Steven Spielberg has gone on to direct many of the most successful movies ever released by Hollywood, including E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial,Jaws, Indiana Jones, and Saving Private Ryan. Today, he is considered one of the most successful and influential filmmakers in the history of cinema.16. What does the text mainly talk about?A. The success of Steven Spielberg’s movies.B. How Spielberg got a directing contract.C. Spielberg’s experiences working at Universal Studios.D. How Spielberg got into the university.17. What helped Spielberg to get a job as an intern?A. His parents’ support for his choice.B. His talent in directing movies.C. His forged identification documents.D. His previous experience at a major studio.18. What can we learn about Spielberg from the text?A. He was rejected by Universal Studios at first.B. Amblin' was developed from a short film.C. He shot E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial at home.D. He was already famous when he was a teenager.【答案与解析】16. 答案选 C。
宁波大学基础英语考研真题试题2009 、2010、2012、2016年—2019年
考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第2页共8页12.Piquette must have been seventeen then,although she looked about twenty.I stared at her,astounded that anyone could have changed so much.A.overwhelmed B.greatly surprised C.worried D.frightened13.Hitler’s blood lust and the hateful appetites have impelled him on his Russian adventure.A.ambition B.stomach C.belly D.intestines14.Burne-Wilke’s cabin had the dark,warm,comfortable look of a library den.“I say,Henry,what is your position on shipboard drinking?I have a fair bottle of cherry here.”A.much-contented B.just C.nice D.beautiful15.No one would anticipate that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in history.A.evolve B.run C.develop D.roll16.Mr.President,I second the proposal!(A silence;Hancock swats a fly.)A.succeed B.propose C.support D.stand17.The house detective’s gaze moved on to sweep the spacious,well-appointed room.A.clean B.mop C.clear D.examine18.They rise out of the earth,they sweat and starve for a few years,and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.A.work hard B.feel hot C.fall ill D.feel hungry19.Sitting in her chair,she clasped her hands in order to conceal their trembling.A.pretend B.uncover C.prevent D.disguise20.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.A.imposed B.described C.inscribed D.subscribedSection B.Lexical interpretation.There are ten words or phrases underlined in the following sentences.You are required to use other English words or phrases to explain them with the meanings that best suit those sentences (1×10points).For example:Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.Answer:great eloquence1.Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards,taut and protesting.2.I went back to my room with a heavy heart.I had gravely underestimated the size of my task.3.Here you can find beautiful pots and bowls engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs,or the simple,everyday kitchenware used in this country.考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第3页共8页4.Barring the catastrophe of nuclear war,it will continue to shape both modern culture and the consciousness of those who inhabit that culture.5.The Nazi regime excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression.6.It was familiar ground;boy and man,I had been through it often before.But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.7.This is a war in which the whole nation is engaged without distinction of race,creed,or party.8.Ever-increasing production,the drive to make bigger and better things,have become aims in themselves,new ideals.Work has become alienated from the working person.9.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.10.What they had wanted was an America more sensitive to art and culture,less avid for material gain.II.Cloze (20points)Directions:There are twenty blanks in the following passage.You are required to fill the words or phrases in them that best complete the passage to make a smooth and logical reading semantically,syntactically and textually.The words that you use to fill in the blanks can be any that you think are suitable and able to make the passage smooth in meaning and grammar.Radical feminists,however,remained hostile to the temptations of consumer capitalism.Drawing inspiration from the civil rights slogan “The Personal is Political,”movement activists (1)_______as Casey Hayden and Mary King began (2)_______organize women against the male domination (3)_______SNCC (Students for a Democratic Society),and (4)_______groups.Despite the radical community’s support (5)_______equal rights,they asserted,New Left men reflected the establishment culture by assigning women office duties (6)_______other minor tasks.Feminists also complained (7)_______the male-oriented sexual revolution degraded women (8)_______treating them (9)_______playthings and objects (10)_______conquests.While their male colleagues greeted their efforts with ridicule and open hostility,New Left women introduced “rap”sessions to share (11)_______complaints and address gender identity issues.(12)_______1968,200(13)_______feminists organized (14)_______first women’s liberation demonstration.Calling themselves the Women’s International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell (WITCH),activists projected (15)_______“sexism”and capitalism’s “objectification”of women’s bodies.They picketed the Miss America Pageant and threw “instruments of torture”such as brassieres考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第4页共8页and high-heeled (16)_______into a “freedom trash can.”Feminists focused (17)_______women’s control of their (18)_______bodies with an agenda (19)_______included the right to legal abortions,distribution of birth control literature,and passage of tougher laws (20)_______rape and spousal abuse.III.Error Detection and Correction (20points)Directions:There are twenty-one errors in the following passage.You may detect and correct either twenty of them or more than that.When you get more than twenty correct answers,your scores will not surpass twenty.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.As a human beings,you have maintained across time a core sense of self,thanks in good part as memory.Nevertheless,the I that is you is daily modified by what you experience,by what you were learning and coming to know.Five year ago,you were not the same person you are today;ten years hence,you will not precisely the person you now are.As you are age,you steadily accumulate knowledge,some of it formally,some of it informally.Considering some of the things you know in present—about history,about people,about work,about etiquette,about science,about style.Then think about what you garnered that knowledge.Chances is that some of it you acquired formally in school:what you to know about the contribution of Ancient Greece of modern democracy,your understanding of photosynthesis or Euclidean geometry,you ability to differentiate satire from irony.Some things you may have learn through a combination of formally instruction,observation and practice:how to work successful in a group,how to wait on customers efficiently and courteously,how to apply brakes skillfully in traffics,how to cut food with a knife,what clothes to wear to the prom.And some knowledges you probable acquired almost exclusively from extended experience:what acquaintances to trust and not to trust,what writers and musicians appeal or do not appeal to you,what aptitudes your possess or lack for particular fields of study.(1)_______________(2)_______________(3)_______________(4)_______________(5)_______________(6)_______________(7)_______________(8)_______________(9)_______________(10)______________(11)______________(12)______________(13)______________(14)______________(15)______________(16)______________(17)______________(18)______________(19)______________(20)______________(21)______________考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第5页共8页IV.Sentence Paraphrase (10points)Directions:There are five long or difficult sentences underlined in the following passage.You are required to paraphrase them in your own words according to the context.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1)Britain’s merchant navy seldom grabs the headlines these days;it is almost a forgotten industry.Yet shipping is the essential lifeline for the nation’s economy.Ninety-nine per cent of our trade in and out of the country goes by ship—and over half of it in British ships.(2)Shipping is also a significant British success story.It earns over £1000million a year in foreign exchange earnings:without our merchant fleet,the balance of payments would be permanently in deficit,despite North Sea oil.But,today this vital British industry is more in peril than ever before.(3)On almost all the major sea routes of the world,the British fleet risks being elbowed out by stiff foreign competition.The threat comes from two main directions:from the Russians and the Eastern bloc countries (4)who are now in the middle of a massive expansion of their merchant navies,and carving their way into the international shipping trade by severely undercutting Western shipping companies;and from the merchant fleets of the developing nations,(5)who are bent on taking over the lion’s share of the trade between Europe and Africa,Asia and the Far East—routes in which Britain has a big stake.V.Reading Comprehension (30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section.Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.Read the following passage and provide a brief answer to the questions after the passage (2.5×4points).If someone says to you ‘Our car has broken down’,your reaction may simply be to feel sorry.For the linguist,though,even such a simple utterance calls for quite an elaborate explanation.As far as the meaning and the grammar of the sentence are concerned,a traditional description would try to paraphrase the meanings of the words used;it would analyze the clause pattern (here a simple combination of subject and verb or predicate),and would probably go on to discuss the use of the present perfect tense.Modern linguists have on the whole not been satisfied with the traditional explanation of grammatical structures and word meanings.Indeed much work in modern linguistics has been devoted to constructing rules that would produce our initial sentence,but would exclude sentences like We car has考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第6页共8页broken down or Our car has jumped up as not well-formed.The ultimate goal of this endeavor has been to establish a body of logical rules for generating the sentences of a language that are grammatically correct and semantically acceptable.For the individual words a set of ‘objective’semantic features has been proposed which would guarantee that the words are inserted appropriately into the grammatical structure.Thus the meaning of car would be described with the semantic features ‘inanimate’,‘concrete’,‘movable’and ‘self-propelled’.Assuming that the logical rules and objective semantic features which generate language are stored in our memory,it seems only natural to claim that they are of a mental nature.This approach is therefore also ‘cognitive’in the original sense of the word (i.e.‘related to knowledge’).However,it is not the kind of ‘cognitive linguistics’that our topic is about.To distinguish this approach from what we have in mind when we talk about ‘cognitive linguistics’,we will characterize it as the logical view in cognitive linguistics.As we understand the term,cognitive linguistics is today chiefly represented by the experiential view.Its main claim is that instead of postulating logical rules and objective definitions on the basis of theoretical considerations and introspection,a more practical and empirical path should be pursued.For example,one can ask language users to describe what is going on in their minds when they produce and understand words and sentences.As experiments have shown,people will not only state that a car has a box-like shape,that it has wheels,doors,and windows,that it is driven by an engine and equipped with a steering wheel,an accelerator and brakes,and that it has seats for the driver and the passengers.More likely than not,it will also be mentioned that a car is comfortable and fast,that it offers mobility,independence and perhaps social status.Some people may connect the notion of car with their first love affair,or with injury if they were once involved in an accident.1.What would a traditional linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?2.What would a modern linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?3.How is the logical view related to ‘cognitive linguistics’?4.What is the claim of the experiential view?Section B.Read the following passage and decide whether the statements after it are true or false (2.5×4points).It is strange and disturbing to watch the straight (i.e.,mainstream)community’s angry,sometimes violent reaction to the hippies.There are many reasons for this.The principal one is appearance.The hippies dress strangely.They dress this way because they have thrown a lot of middle-class notions out of the window and with them the most sensitive middle-class dogma:the neutral appearance.The straight world is a jungle of taboos,fears,and personality games.People in that jungle prey on each other mercilessly.Therefore,to survive in any jungle requires good protective coloring:the camouflage of respectable appearance.The anonymity of middle-class dress is like a flag of truce.It means (whether true or not):“I’m not one of the predators.”It is in the nature of an assurance of harmlessness.Unusual or bright-colored clothing then becomes an alarm,a danger signal to the fearful and their armed truce with the rest of mankind.They see it as a challenge.They are fearful,unsure of themselves,and fear sours into anger.It is but a step to thinking that the anger is “good.”The oldest fallacy in the world is that anything that makes you angry must be mad.考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第7页共8页The sin of the hippies is that they will not play the straight game of camouflage.Their non-participation,in effect,exposes them as another tribe,whose disregard of straight taboos of dress makes them seem to be capable of anything,and therefore a danger.That danger moreover is felt clear up to city hall,that shrine of Squaredom.Why else,I submit,does the Health Department of this city have such a tender solitude about the living conditions of human beings at the Haight when they have ignored the conditions at Hunter’s Point,the Mission and the Fillmore?Many people cannot understand the hippies’rejection of everything that is commonly expected of the individual in regard to employment and life goals:steady lucrative employment,and the accumulation through the years of possessions and money,building (always building)security for the future.It is precisely this security hypochondria,this checking of bank book rather than pulses,this worrying over budgets instead of medicine cabinets,that drive the youth of today away.It is this frantic concern with money that also drives the young into the Haight-Ashbury.They have seen their parents slave for years,wasting away a lifetime to make sure that the house was paid off,that the kids got through school in order to get “good”jobs so that they could join the frantic scramble,later on.The parents’reward for this struggle is that they wind up old and tired,alienated from their children,and just as often each parent from the other.1.The hippies dress strangely because they have defied the dressing values of the middle class.()2.For middle class,to survive in the straight world is to protect themselves by the camouflage of respectable appearance.()3.The hippies belong to another tribe of people because they have a different custom of dresses.()4.The hippies understand their parents struggling their way all their lives and sympathize them.()Section C.Read the following passage and then write a summary of it within 100words (1×10points).The vast majority of books on the English language take British English as their starting point.There are many reasons for this:British English is the old variety,and traditionally British English has enjoyed more prestige,at least in Europe and in former English colonies,than American English.Until not so long ago,American English was considered less educated,less cultured,less beautiful than British English.Teachers in many European countries were not allowed to have an American accent,and high-school students who returned from a year in the United States were sometimes punished with low grades by conservative teachers.This attitude seems mostly to have disappeared even if there are still traces of it.Another reason for the predominance of British English is simply one of publishing traditions:Britain has a long tradition of producing textbooks and dictionaries and of marketing them all over the world,whereas there have been relatively few American textbooks or dictionaries written for audiences worldwide.The result is a curious situation:The majority of the world’s native speakers of English are Americans,about 240million people.They make up the majority of the 400million native speakers,compared with about 57million speakers in Britain.They speak English with American pronunciation,vocabulary,and grammar.Much more American than British English is heard in films and on television,and more American English is used in international business,computing,and science.宁波大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学Yet the textbooks for non-native speakers that are used in schools in many countries are still mostly oriented toward British English,sometimes presenting American English as an aberration,often just in the form of a collection of words to learn.There are some useful books on American English,mostly designed for college or university use,that deal with vocabulary,spelling and pronunciation,but they usually give very little information concerning grammar or practical language use in the United States. Nor do they make any attempts to explain why there are differences between the two major varieties.SummaryVI.Writing(50points)Directions:Now in universities or colleges,some BA students want to work and earn money after graduation while other BA students plan to continue their education as MA students.The chief reasons for those BA students who intend to further their study can be either that it is hard to find a good job as BA students or that they love study and make greater contribution for their country.That is,the former read for MA just to get a higher degree so as to find a better job;the latter read for MA just to give a full expression to their academic ability and do research work.What is your purpose to read for MA?Or what kind of BA students do you belong to when you are taking this MA entrance exam?In the following topic of writing,please clarify your purpose to read for MA and give your reasons.You are suggested to make your argument in three major paragraphs with introduction,argumentation and conclusion in about400words.Remember to write your essay on the Answer Sheet.My Purpose to Read for MA科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学I.Vocabulary(30points)This part consists of two sections.Section ADirections:Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1×20points).1.He avowed his commitment to those ideals.A.acknowledgedB.convertedC.conformedD.renounced2.The political dissident was accused of instigating a plot to overthrow the government.A.devisingB.supportingC.fundingD.provoking3.I wish you two would stop bickering.plaining B quarreling C.bargaining D murmuring4.The defendant is facing severe verdict despite the appeal for clemency by his lawyer.A.forgivingB.releaseC.leniencyD.impartiality5.The little boy listened,enthralled by the Captain’s story.A.fascinatedB.swindledC.shockedD.bored6.I was impressed by his expertise on landing craft.A.encouragementB.special skillC.shrewdnessD.eloquence7.Your action is a breach of our university regulations.A.observationB.violationC.creationD.attack8.Subsequent events vindicated his policy.A.predicateB.swingC.dilateD.verify9.Drug smuggling carries a mandatory death penalty in most countries in the world.A.impulsiveB.multicoloredC.obligatoryughable10.Morality,for him,was doing what is expedient.A.undesirableB.unavailable C advantageous D.inappropriate11.“The giant was big”is a tautological statement,to say the least.A.tightB.redundantC.illogicalD.relative科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学III.Error Detection and Correction(20points)Directions:There are twenty errors in the following passage.You should detect and correct all the errors.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Marxist Criticism is a criticism based on the historical,economic,and sociology1 theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.According to Marxism,the conscious2of a given class in a given historical moment derives modes of material production.3The set of beliefs,values,attitudes,and ideas that constitute the consciousness of this4 class forms a ideological superstructure,and this ideological superstructure is5 shaped and determined by the material infrastructure and economic base.Hence the6 term"historic materialism."Marxism assumes the ontological priority of matter7 above mind and sees mind as the product of historical forces.There is thus a dialectical8 relationship between the literature work and its socio-historical background.9 Dialectical criticism focuses on the causal connections of the content or form10of the work and the economic,class,social,or ideological factors that shape and11 determines that content and form.Bourgeois writers,for example,inevitably propagate a12 bourgeois ideology that seeks to universalizing the status quo,to see it as natural rather13 than historical.The notion that there is a one-to-one correspondence to the class14 consciousness of the writer,the ideology of the work,and the society-historical15 background out of which it emerges is often labeled vulgarly Marxism,even by16 Marxists themselves.Sophisticated Marxism,however,like Fredric Jameson17 points out,is concerned with"the influence of the given social raw material,not only18on the content,but on the very form of the work themselves....[The dialectical19 interaction of work and background],this fact of sheer interrelationship,is prior of20any of the conceptual categories,such as causality,reflection,or analogy,subsequently evoked to explain it."科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学IV.Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section. Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.(10points)By the mid-century there emerged a trend in writing that favored a new approach to constructing the novel that abandoned many of the time-honored traditions of form.Indeed,there has been debate about whether many of the works of the times should rightly be considered novels at all.Although not all writers of the period pursued experimental methods,two of them,William Burroughs and Henry Miller,served as exemplary figures.William Burroughs published journals depicting his travels through South America and North Africa.He was heavily influenced by his encounter with foreign languages and associations with strange customs.The impact of his experiences on his writing led to a uniquely detached style.Often it is difficult to determine who is telling the stories,or where the characters have come from.In his most celebrated work Naked Lunch,Burroughs is said to have physically cut up the manuscript and pasted it back together,to further disturb the conventional notion of narration.Although these writing techniques did not boost initial sales of his works,American academia accepts him as an important practitioner of literary theory.Henry Miller wrote about his personal life in a depth that previous authors had avoided.In order to better expose compulsive desires,he used very graphic language to describe the details of his intimate relationships.His books Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer were banned in some states when they were first published.Although there are disagreements about Miller's moral positions,he is acknowledged as an important contributor to mid-twentieth century American fiction.1.What is the main topic of this passage?2.What did the passage preceding this one probably discuss?3.What can we assume about Burroughs'earlier works?4.What is the most difficult aspect of reading the book Naked Lunch?5.What can we infer about the works of the two men?科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).1.According to this passage,Shakespeare’s sonnets might have contained a continuity of love story.2.The speaker of Shakespeare’s sonnets is perfectly happy with both the young noble man and the“dark lady”,according to the passage.3.Shakespeare’s sonnets were dedicated to a“W.H.”,who must be Henry Wriothesley,the Earl ofSouthampton.4.It could be inferred from the passage that most life stories about Shakespeare are conjectures.5.Shakespeare wrote153sonnets,all of which have the feel of autobiographical poems.Section C(10points)Read the following passage and write a summary of it within200words.Knowing that Mrs.Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble,great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death.It was her sister Josephine who told her,in broken sentences;veiled hints that revealed in half concealing.Her husband's friend Richards was there,too,near her.It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster was received,with Brently Mallard's name leading the list of"killed."He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful,less tender friend in bearing the sad message.She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same,with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance.She wept at once,with sudden,wild abandonment,in her sister's arms.When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone.She would have no one follow her.There stood,facing the open window,a comfortable,roomy armchair.Into this she sank,pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life.The delicious breath of rain was in the air.In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her faintly,and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair,quite motionless,except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her,as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学She was young,with a fair,calm face,whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes,whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky.It was not a glance of reflection,but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it,fearfully.What was it?She did not know;it was too subtle and elusive to name.But she felt it,creeping out of the sky,reaching toward her through the sounds,the scents,the color that filled the air.Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously.She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her,and she was striving to beat it back with her will--as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips.She said it over and over under the breath:"free,free,free!"The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes.They stayed keen and bright.Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.She did not stop to ask if it were or were not a monstrous joy that held her.A clear and exalted perception enabled her to dismiss the suggestion as trivial.She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind,tender hands folded in death;the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead.But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely.And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.There would be no one to live for during those coming years;she would live for herself.There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.A kind intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination.And yet she had loved him--sometimes.Often she had not.What did it matter!What could love,the unsolved mystery,count for in the face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!"Free!Body and soul free!"she kept whispering.Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole,imploring for admission."Louise,open the door!I beg;open the door--you will make yourself ill.What are you doing, Louise?For heaven's sake open the door."。
2014-2015年宁波大学考研初试真题244英语(二外)B卷
入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学Part I Vocabulary and Structure (30 points, 1 point each)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Thencircle the corresponding letter.1. At last she left her house and got to the airport, only ________ the plane flying away.A. having seenB. to have seenC. to seeD. saw2. Only by shouting at the top of his voice _________.A. he was able to make himself hearB. he was able to make himself heardC. was he able to make himself hearD. was he able to make himself heard3. It was not until midnight ________ the snowcapped peak.A. that they sightedB. that they did not sightC. did they sightD. had they sighted4. Fool ________ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. thatD. like5. Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills ________ people each year than automobileaccidents.A. seven more timesB. seven times moreC. over seven timesD. seven times6. The party, ________ I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable.A. by whichB. for whichC. to whichD. at which7. This missile is designed so that once ________ nothing can be done to retrieve it.A. firedB. being firedC. they firedD. having fired8. We have been told that under no circumstances ________ the telephone in the office for personalaffairs.A. may we useB. we may useC. we could useD. did we use第 1 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学9. This traditional entertainment for children in America has never, ________ I know, become popular inChina.A. as muchB. as far asC. to the extent thatD. so long as10.Although the national government has introduced some new laws on this subject, it is the stategovernment which are ________ responsible for pollution control.A. preciselyB. progressivelyC. primarilyD. preliminarily11.Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, ______ the color of his skin.A. with the exception ofB. in the light ofC. by virtue ofD. regardless of12.He gave them a lovely bookcase in ________ for their kindness.A. responsibilityB. considerationC. gratitudeD. assistance13.However, at times this balance in nature is ________, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseeneffects.A. troubledB. disturbedC. confusedD. puzzled14.If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be________ to work hard, with the resultthat tax revenues might actually shrink.A. cultivatedB. regulatedC. motivatedD. innovated15.Not having a good command of English can be a serious __________ preventing you fromachieving your goals.A. obstacleB. faultC. offenseD. distress16.The detective and his assistant have begun to ________ the mysterious murder.A. come throughB. look intoC. make overD. see to17.The police are trying to find out the ________ of the woman killed in the traffic accident.A. evidenceB. recognition第 2 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学C. identityD. status18.Their diplomatic principles completely laid bare their ________ for world conquest.A. ambitionB. admirationC. recognitionD. extension19.When the crowd area was ________ by the flood, the government sent food there by helicopter.A. cut awayB. cut downC. cut upD. cut off20.The price of beer ________ from 50 cents to $4 per liter during the summer season.A. alteredB. rangedC. separatedD. differed21.Research shows that there is no________ relationship between how much a person earns andwhether he feels good about life.A. successiveB. creativeC. significantD. elegant22.I went along thinking of nothing ________, only looking at things around me.A. in particularB. in harmonyC. in doubtD. in brief23.The branches could hardly ________ the weight of the fruit.A. retainB. sustainC. maintainD. remain24.The tone of the article the writer’s mood at the time.A. reproducedB. reflectedC. imaginedD. imitated25.Humidity is so intense in some parts of the tropics that Europeans find they are unable to ________it.A. maintainB. persistC. endureD. sustain26.I know I shouldn’t eat chocolate cake when I’m dieting, but I find it hard to resist ________.A. reactionB. expectationC. objectionD. temptation27.The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have _________ supplies of第 3 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学petroleum.A. sufficientB. proficientC. efficientD. potential28.Very few scientists _________ with completely new answers to the world’s problems.A. come toB. come roundC. come onD. come up29.My boss has failed me so many times that I no longer place any _________on what he promises.A. assuranceB. probabilityC. relianceD. morality30.For many patients, institutional care is the most ________ and beneficial form of care.A. persistentB. appropriateC. thoughtfulD. sufficientPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points each)Directions: T here are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and circle the corresponding letter.Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.There must be few questions on which responsible opinion is so utterly divided as on that of how much sleep we ought to have. There are some who think we can leave the body to regulate these matters for itself. “The answer is easy,” says Dr. A. Burton. “With the right amount of sleep you should wake u p fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm rings.” If he is right many people must be under-sleeping, including myself. But we must remember that some people have a greater inertia than others. This is not meant rudely. They switch on slowly, and they are reluctant to switch off. They are alert at bedtime and sleepy when it is time to get up, and this may have nothing to do with how fatigued their bodies are, or how much sleep they must take to lose their fatigue.Other people feel sure that the present trend is towards too little sleep. To quote one medical opinion, thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep; the reason is not that they can’t sleep. Like advancing colonists, we do seem to be grasping ever more of the land of第 4 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学sleep for our waking needs, pushing the boundary back and reaching, apparently, for a point in our evolution where we will sleep no more. This in itself, of course, need not be a bad thing. What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press too quickly towards this goal, sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue. Then, to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr. H. Roberts, writing in Every Man in Health, asserts: “It may safely be stated that, just as the majority eat too much, so the majority sleep too much.” One can see the point of this also. It would be a pity to retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to work and play well with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm. If one of the trends of evolution is that more of the life span is to be spent in gainful waking activity, then surely these people are in the van of this advance.31. The author seems to indicate that__________.A. there are many controversial issues like the right amount of sleepB. the right amount of sleep is a topic of much controversy among doctorsC. people are now moving towards solving many controversial issuesD. among many issues the right amount of sleep is the least controversial32. The author disagrees with Dr. Burton because__________.A. some people have to stay up to finish their workB. some people still feel tired with enough sleepC. one would certainly have less sleep as he agesD. few people can wake up feeling fresh and alert33. In the last paragraph the author points out that__________.A. sleeping less is good for the human developmentB. people ought to be persuaded to sleep less than beforeC. those who can sleep less should be encouragedD. it is improper to state that people sleep too little34. We learn from the passage that the author__________.A. favors one of the three opinionsB. comments on three different opinionsC. explains an opinion of his ownD. revises someone else’s opinion第 5 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学35. Which of the following is true of the passage?A. People who need more sleep should go to bed early.B. More and more people are now having less sleep.C. If you wake up after the set time, you are under-sleeping.D. More and more people are now giving up sleep for daily work.Passage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.It is a very plain and elementary truth that the life, the fortune and the happiness of every one of us, and, more or less, of those who are connected with us, do depend upon our knowing something of the rules of a game infinitely more difficult and complicated than chess. It is a game which has been played for untold ages, every man and woman of us being one of the two players in a game of his or her own. The chess board is the world, the pieces are the phenomena of the universe, and the rules of the game are what we call the laws of nature. The player on the other side is hidden from us. We know that his play is always fair, just, and patient. But also we know, to our cost, that he never overlooks a mistake, or make the smallest allowance for ignorance. To the man who plays well, the highest stakes are paid, with that sort of overflowing generosity with which the strong shows delight in strength. And one who plays ill is defeated --- without haste, but without mercy.Well, what I mean by education is learning the rules of this mighty game. In other words, education is the instruction of the intellect in the laws of Nature, under which name I include not merely things and their forces, but men and their ways; and the fashioning of the affections and of the will into an earnest and loving desire to move in harmony with those laws. For me, education means neither more or less than this. Anything which professes to call itself education must be tried by this standard, and if it fails to stand the test, I will not call it education, whatever may be the force of authority or of numbers upon the other side.It is important to remember that, in strictness, there is no such thing as an uneducated man. Take an extreme case. Suppose that an adult man, in the full vigor of his faculties, could be suddenly placed in the world, as Adam is said to have been, and then left to do as he might. How long would he be left uneducated? Not five minutes. Nature would begin to teach him, through the eye, the ear, the touch, the properties of objects. Pain and pleasure at his elbow telling him to do this and avoid that; and by slow degrees the man would receive an education, which, if narrow, would be thorough, real, and adequate to his circumstances, though there would be no extras and very few accomplishments.第 6 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学36. The author compares chess to human life in that _________.A. the rules of human life is more complicatedB. human life is a game dominated by rulesC. Nature is the hidden player against usD. human life is full of rises and falls37. In human life game, the player on the other side _________.A. is so careful as not to make any mistakesB. is patient enough to catch our mistakesC. never allows ignorance or mistakesD. is neither generous nor stingy38. According to the author, the main purpose of education is to_________.A. know and master the laws of natureB. get familiar with things and forcesC. find men and their ways in natureD. master the way to play life game39. What can NOT be said of the last paragraph?A. Everybody in the world is somewhat educated, but his education is narrow.B. Everybody has received enough education to cope with his surroundings.C. The more one receives education in universities, the more he will achieve.D. Nature is, in fact, a good place for people to educate themselves.40. What does the author want to convey to his readers?A. We must learn to abide by laws of nature.B. It’s important to thoroughly know your player.C. One should seize every opportunity to study.D. Nature has complete control of human beings.Passage ThreeQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Evolutionary theories. The Belgian George Lemaitre put forward the idea that about 20000 million years ago all the matter in the universe --- enough, he estimated, to make up a hundred thousand million第7 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学galaxies-- was all concentrated in one small mass, which h e called the “primeval atom”. This primeval atom exploded for some reason, sending its matter out in all directions, and as the expansion slowed down, a steady state resulted, at which time the galaxies formed. Something then upset the balance and the universe started expanding again, and this is the state in which the universe is now. There are variations on this theory: it may be that there was no steady state. However, basically, evolutionary theories take it that the universe was formed in one place at one point in time and has been expanding ever since. Will the universe continue to expand? It may be that the universe will continue to expand for ever, but some astronomers believe that the expansion will slow down and finally stop. Thereafter the universe will start to contract until all the matter in it is once again concentrated at one point. Possibly the universe may oscillate（摆动）for ever in this fashion, expanding to its maximum and the contracting and over again.The steady-state theory. Developed at Cambridge by Hoyle Gold and Bodi, the steady-state theory maintains that the universe as a whole has always looked the same and always will. As the galaxies expand away from each other, new material is formed in some way between the galaxies and make up new galaxies to replace those which have receded. Thus the general distribution of galaxies remains the same. How matter could be formed in this way is hard to see, but no harder than seeing why it should all form in one place at one time.How can we decide which of these theories is closer to the truth? The method is in principle quite simple. Since the very distant galaxies are thousands of millions of light years away, then we are seeing them as they were thousands of millions of years ago. If the evolutionary theory is correct, the galaxies were closer together in the past than they are now, and so distant galaxies ought to appear to be closer together than nearer ones. According to the steady-state theory there should be no difference.The evidence seems to suggest that there is a difference, that the galaxies were closer together than they are now and so the evolutionary theory is partially confirmed and the steady-state theory --- in its original form at least---must be rejected.41. What do both theories assume to be true?A. The universe is expanding at present.B. New material is continually being formed.C. The universe will finally contract to one mass.D. “A big bang” started the expansion.42. According to Lemaitre, the separate galaxies formed ________.第8 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学A. during a pause in the expansion of the universeB. at the time of the primeval atom explosionC. when the universe balance was upsetD. when the expansion came to a stop43. What is the basic difference between the two classes of theories?A. The way galaxies expand away from each other.B. Whether the universe will continue to expand or not.C. The distribution of the galaxies in the universe.D. The place and time of the formation of matter.44. According to Hoyle and his friends at Cambridge ________.A. the explosion occurred much earlier than Lemaitre suggestedB. it is hard to see how matter could be formed in this wayC. the expansion of the universe is not a real oneD. new materia1is continually being created45. We see distant galaxies as they were long, long ago because ________.A. the universe has always looked the sameB. new materials keep coming into existenceC. their light takes so long to reach usD. they are expanding from time to timePassage FourQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Before the 1850s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them return to become presidents of respectable colleges --- Harvard, Yale, Columbia --- and transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of第9 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by heart were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor's own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate student learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research.At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric（修辞学）,and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own course of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close attention to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime（学校体制）. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturists, social welfare workers, and teachers.46. What do you know about American University before the 1850’s?A. They were completely sponsored by the church.B. They laid extreme emp hasis on students’ morals.C. Few of them offered selective courses.D. Their history went back to colonial days.47. Americans went to German to receive higher education in 1800s because __________.A. there were no famous universities in the United States at that timeB. they wanted to acquire knowledge, not just learn how to behaveC. it was very easy for them to get qualified teachers in GermanD. they couldn’t afford the high tuition in the United States48. What can be said of the Germany universities?A. They paid no attention of learning by heart.B. Their teachers have flexible teaching methods.C. They emphasize students’ participation.第10 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学D. They attached importance to teachers’ guidance.49. What can we infer from the passage?A. Graduate students should do research on their own.B. Universities should impart knowledge instead of morals.C. Learning by heart is still an important method in universities.D. Universities should offer more and more selective courses.50. What would be the best title for the text?A. Development of American Universities.B. Germany Universities and American Education.C. The Origin of American Education.D. Modern American universities.Part III Translation (15 points)Directions:There are two items in this part. The first is Chinese-English Translation and the second is English-Chinese Translation.Section A (6 points, 1.5 points each)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets..51. Soon after she reported to work, she faced herself________（面对的是她承担过的最艰难的工作）.52. Obviously ___________（这位发言人要强调的是）the impact of these findings rather than theprocess that led to these findings.53. The new electronic dictionary is sold _______________（比预期低得多的价格）.56. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are ____________ （更有可能增加体重）. Section B (9 points)Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.57. I’ve never seen anyone yet who worked for him or was around him for any length of time whowasn’t better off. And I don’t mean just financially, although a lot of people are. It’s just something about him --- coming into contact with Sam Walton just makes you a better person. (4 points)58. Men have generally been assu red that achieving their heart’s desires would be a piece of cake.第11 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学Women, of course, have always believed that we can’t have our cake and eat it too ---the old low-dream diet. Perhaps becoming a superwoman is an impossible dream for me, but life without that kind of fantasy is as unappealing as a diet with no treats. (5 points)Part IV Writing (15 points)Directions: In this part you are required to write a short essay on the topic of Should Family Schooling Exist. You should write at least 140 words following the outline given (in Chinese) below.1. 少数大城市出现了私塾学校；2. 人们对此有不同的看法；3. 你的观点是……第12 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学。
2018年宁波大学244英语(二外)考研真题及详解(A卷)【圣才出品】
2018年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）Part Ⅰ Cloze Test (20 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this part you are required to read the given passages carefully, and then fill in each blank with an appropriate word given in the boxes. Each word is allowed to be used only once. You should not change the form of the word but you can capitalize the initial letter if the word is used at the beginning of the sentence. Write your choices in the Answer Sheet.Passage OneLiving in a culture that is different from your own can be both an exciting and challenging experience. You have to learn different cultural practices and try to adapt to them. Here are the top six cultural differences 1______ China and the US to help promote mutual understanding.Chinese people do not have the same concept of privacy as Americans do. They talk about topics such as ages, income or marital status, 2______ Americans think is annoying and intrusive.In China, elders are traditionally treated with enormous respect and dignity 3______ the young are cherished and nurtured. In America, the goal of the family isto encourage independence, particularly that of the children. 4______ the Chinese, older Americans seldom live with their children.Chinese people have different meanings to define friends. Just hanging out together time to time is not friendship. Friendship means lifelong friends who feel deeply obligated to give each other 5______ help might seem required. Americans always call people they meet friends, so the definition of friends is general and different. There are work friends, playing friends, school friends and drinking friends.6______ is well known, the Chinese like to save. They are always conservative when they are planning to spend money. It is different in the USA, 7______ far fewer families are saving money for emergencies and education than their Chinese counterparts.Chinese people value education and career more than Americans, 8______ in turn put more emphasis on good character and faith.9______ China values the community and the US values the individual. If you achieve something in the US, it’s because you were great. While in China, if you achieve something in China it’s 10______ the team, or family, or the company is great. Everything you do gets attributed to the greater whole, while in America individual merits are celebrated.【答案与解析】1. between（由前面的“difference”可推测此处填“between”，此处是说“中美两国的六大文化差异”。
宁波大学考研真题357英语翻译基础初试试卷(A卷)硕士研究生专业课考试试题(2018年)
宁波大学2018年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：357 总分值：150 科目名称：英语翻译基础一、词语互译（2×20＝40分）说明：本部分共20个词语，汉语和英语各10个，或选自国内外时事新闻，或选自翻译理论术语。
请将汉语词语翻译为英语，英语词语翻译为汉语。
1. 脸部识别技术2. 美国总统对中国的国事访问3. 供给侧改革4. 国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划5. 激发创新活力6. 社会主义核心价值观7. 不忘初心8. 房地产市场9. 经济全球化10. 软实力11. translation process 12. functional equivalence13. source language 14. communicative translation15. target text 16. domestication17. informative text type 18. literary translation19. translator’s subjectivity 20. the invisibility of the translator二、英汉篇章翻译（1×60＝60分）Middle-aged, unemployed, single and my money spent, I’m an utter failure in comparison to many of my college peers.I graduated from an elite university in the 1980s. My class of approximately 1550 has generated a Nobel Prize winner, a Pulitzer Prize winner, a World Bank chief, a few ambassadors, at least one current governor and several mayors. I know former classmates who are university presidents, college professors, CEOs and so on.What a load of over-achievers!Meanwhile, the rest of us remain uncelebrated, absent from the public eye, not courted by private bankers, nosy paparazzi (狗仔队), respected charities, luxury real estate agents or art auction houses.Post-graduate achievement is usually measured in degrees earned and awarded, class rankings, corporate titles, magazine covers and social media popularity, and money made. At elite institutions’ alumni gatherings, the bar for storytelling is set high, with summary biographies of our most luminous graduates shared in hushed murmurs. How can we compare ourselves to our peer’s stupendously visible achievements and not think ourselves failures?In the 1800s, Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard (克尔凯郭尔) addressed the same question with his own story: “The Lily in the Field and the Bird of the Air”. In it, Kierkegaard describes a little bird that loves to gossip to its friend the lily. The bird, he writes, has a bad habit of saying “all sorts of things, true and untrue, about other places where lilies far more splendid were found in great第0 页共 2 页。
宁波大学2017年考研真题【外国语学院】242法语(二外)初试试卷(A卷)
科目代码:242科目名称：法语（二外）适用专业:英语语言文学日语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学I.Remplacez les points par les articles,les prénoms et les prépositions:（30*0.5=15%）1.Quelqu’un m’a dit que vous savez plusieurs langues,où<1>avez-vous apprises?Au lycée?2.<2>la table il y a<3>pain et<4>pain est chaud,c’est<5>toi?---Non.Je n’aime pas<6>pain etje ne mange pas<7>pain.3.Je voudrais bien voyager<8>France.Mon père<9>sais bien et il décide<10>m’acheter le billetd’avion.4.Il se fait rembourser<11>la Sécuritésociale.5.Le professeur nous interroge<12>la réformeéconomique.6.Cela donne<13>réfléchir.7.Pierre n’a trouvéplus le livre<14>son retour. vieàla campagne,qu’est-ce que vous<15>pensez?----<16>,je ne<17>déteste pas.L’air<18>est frais et les paysages sont beaux,mais quant<19>autres conditions de vie,c’est pasagréable.9.Sylvie joue<20>piano.On vient<21><22>offrir un piano<23>occasion pour son anniversaire.10.On a un article<24>traduire<25>français.11.C’est Catherine,elle va vous aider.Si vous avez besoin<26>quelque chose,il<27>suffit<28><29>téléphoner.12.Paul s’adresse<30>un jeune homme pour emprunter un parapluie.II.Remplissez les phrases avec les verbes convenables:(15*1=15%)1.Hier il(mettre)<1>son attaché-case dans la voiture et puis il ne l’a trouvéplus.2.(Accompagner)<2>par le ministre,le président a visitéle monument.3.Si elle(rester)<3>chez elle l’année dernière,elle(ne pas pouvoir)<4>rencontrer Andréa,son mari actuel.4.L’année suivante quand l’exposition(se terminer)<5>,une nouvelle réformeéconomique(commenrcer)<6>dans notre pays.5.Ma mère veut que mon frère et moi,nous(aller)<7>voir notre grand-père.6.Il suivit la vielle femme jusqu’àla porte.Elle(ouvrir)<8>la porte et y entra,s’assit dans sonfauteuil:elle(être)<9>fatiguée.科目代码:242科目名称：法语（二外）适用专业:英语语言文学日语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学7.Il a chantéen(danser)<10>pendant la soirée.8.Il est possible qu’elle ne(vouloir)<11>pas sortir toute seule.9.(Ne pas recevoir)<12>d’argent,je lui aiécrit de nouveau.10.Elle(se souvenir)<13>de vous et puis elle vous a appelé.11.Il a lu dans un journal qu’une banque(attaquer)<14>quelques jours auparavant.12.---Lesélèves t’attendent,(aller)<15>àl’école!III.Choisissez le meilleur terme:（10*1=10%）1.Vousécrivez souvent des lettresàvos parents?---Non,je ne______écris pas souvent.a.les,leurb.leur,lesc.leur,end.n’en,leur2.Elles sont______heureuses d’avoir achetéune maison_____neuve.a.tout,toutb.toutes,toutesc.toutes,touted.tout,toute3．Que pensez-vous___ce nouveau film?a.àb.dec.surd.pour4.Ce sont vos cahiers?----Non,ce sont_______de Paul,______sont là-bas.a.ceux,les miensb.ceux,les siensc.celles,siensd.ceux,miens5.Je crois queça dépend du professeur.─Oui,je sais queça______.a.lui dépendb.en dépendc.dépend de luid.le dépend6.C’est_____le grandécrivant est né.a.cette maison-làqueb.dans cette maison-làoùc.dans cette maison-làqued.cette maison-làoù7.Ah,ta mère,____voilà,elle t’attend depuis longtempsàla sortie de l’école.a.tub.elled.lui8.L’enfant dort,ne fais pas___bruit.a.le plus petitb.plus petitc.le moindred.moindre科目代码:242科目名称：法语（二外）适用专业:英语语言文学日语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学9.Il n’a pas réussi___sa mauvaise santé.a.grâceàb.parce quec.àcause ded.car téléne marche pas de sorte qu’il n’y___pas de son.a.aib.ac.aitd.avaitIV.Tournez les questions et discours suivants en questions indirectes et discours indirects:（4*2.5=10%）（将直接引语改成间接引语）1.Pierre a ditàsa mère:“Je veux alleràBeijing.”2.Paul a demandé:“Oùest-ce que mon frère est alléhier?”3.Marie demandaàson frère:“Est-ce que ma soeur viendra demain?”4.Anna a demandé:“Qu’est-ce qu’il fait ici?”V.Remplacez les points par les pronoms relatifs,ajoutez les précédents（先行词）ou les prépositions si c’est nécessaire:（10*1=10%）1.Le professeur s’avance vers le bureau<1>il y a quelques livres.2.Jacques veut voir le film<2>ils ont parléhier.3.J’ai déjàachetéle livre<3>m’intéresse.4.Les ouvriers vont orner la maison<4>est néle président.5.L’homme<5>attendent les agents de police est très méchant.6.Il s’est arrêtédevant les photos<6>certaines lui faisaient rappeler son enfance.7.Voici la personne<7>vous attend.8.Voilàune maison<8>nous appartient.9.Il lui fallait aller vivre dans un pays<9>il ne savait rien.10.Les choses<10>il s’attend bien n’ont pas apparu.科目代码:242科目名称：法语（二外）适用专业:英语语言文学日语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学préhensionécrite et version:（10%）Actuellement,les métiers du sport sont très recherchés par les jeunes.En effet,pour eux,vivre de leur passion leur paraît souvent la seule possibilitéde gagner leur vie d’une manière intéressante.Un jeune garçon passionnéde foot,même dans son petit village joue non seulement plusieurs fois par semaine enéquipe,mais regarde aussi tous les matchsàla télévision et se déplace facilement vers un stade oùse déroule（发生，进行）le match qu’il attend.Alors au moment de choisir une profession, voudra-t-il par exemple,être comptable（会计）derrière un bureau toute sa vie?Non.Il va essayer par exemple d’être journaliste sportif,il restera ainsi dans le milieu sportif qu’il aime.1.Pourquoi les métiers du sport sont-ils recherchés par les jeunes?(2*1=2%)2.Traduire ce petit texte en chinois s’il vous plaît.(8*1=8%)VII.Traduisez en français les phrases suivantes:（15%）1.在许多黑非洲国家，法语是官方语言，我们称这些国家为法语国家。
宁波大学242法语(二外)2018年考研真题
5.Il se fait rembourser <11> la Sécurité sociale.
6.Le professeur nous interroge <12> la réforme économique.
7.Cela donne <13> réfléchir.
8.Vos enfants ? Je viens de <14> rencontrer.
9.Ce ne sera pas facile, je dois me <15> préparer d’avance, je <16> comprends bien.
10.C’est un mouvement qui a <17> but <18> protéger l’environnement.
11.L’économie a encore augmenté <19> le taux de chômage élevé.
12.Ma soeur joue <20> piano. On vient <21> <22> offrir un piano <23> occasion pour son anniversaire.
1. Vous écrivez souvent des lettres à vos parents ?---Non, je ne___ ___écris pas souvent.
a. les, leur b. leur, les
宁波大学外语学院243俄语(二外)历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
目 录
2012年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
2013年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
2014年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
2015年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
2016年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
2017年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
2012年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
Часть 1：将下列动词变位，写出单数第一、二人称和复数第三人称形式。
（10%）
расписаться
【答案】расписаться; распишусь; распишешься; распишутся
снять
【答案】снять; сниму; снимешь; снимут
мыть
【答案】мыть; мою; моешь; моют
искать
【答案】искать; ищу; ищешь; ищут
аплодировать
【答案】аплодировать; аплодирую; аплодируешь; аплодируют
упасть
【答案】упасть; упаду; упадешь; упадут
вставать
【答案】вставать; встаю; встаешь; встают
забыть
【答案】забыть; забуду; забудешь; забудут
сдаться。
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Chinese people have different meanings to define friends. Just hanging out together time to time is not friendship. Friendship means lifelong friends who feel deeply obligated to give each other5help might seem required. Americans always call people they meet friends, so the definition of friends is general and different. There are work friends, playing friends, school friends and drinking friends.
Part I Cloze Test (20 points, 1 point each)
Directions:In this part you are required to read the given passages carefully, and then fill in each blank with an appropriate word given in the boxes. Each word is allowed to be used only once. You should not change the form of the word but you can capitalize the initial letter if the word is used at the beginning of the sentence. Write your choices in the Answer Sheet.
Passage One
as
basically
because
between
unlike
whatever
where
which
while
who
Living in a culture that is different from your own can be both an exciting and challenging experience. You have to learn different cultural practices and try to adapt to them. Here are the top six cultural differences1China and the US to help promote mutual understanding.
Chinese people value education and career more than Americans,8in turn put more emphasis on good charactethe community and the US values the individual. If you achieve something in the US, it's because you were great. While in China, if you achieve something in China it's10the team, or family, or the company is great. Everything you do gets attributed to the greater whole, while in America individual merits are celebrated.
Passage Two
allocate
businesses
develop
ease
efforts
preferential
pressure
released
rights
unidentified
China’s transportation regulator issued guidelines on Thursday to improve management of the burgeoning car-sharing industry.
6is well known, the Chinese like to save. They are always conservative when they are planning to spend money. It is different in the USA,7far fewer families are saving money for emergencies and education than their Chinese counterparts.
Chinese people do not have the same concept of privacy as Americans do. They talk about topics such as ages, income or marital status,2Americans think is annoying and intrusive.