英美文学赏析--美国文学部分

美国文学史复习

Colonial and Puritan literature（early American literature）

American Romanticism

Literary Naturalism

Imagism modernism

Postwar literature

一Colonial and Puritan literature

清教徒的思想：

puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位，puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步

American puritanism（美国清教徒特点）:

idealists

More practical tougher

Hard work thrift piety sobriety

One being religions and the other practical

Basis of American literature; contributing to the development of symbolism; influence the style of American literature: simple direct

英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet（女）

二Early American literature

代表作家：

Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790

As an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor, sarcastic.作为作家具有非凡的才能，表达简洁明了，幽默，讽刺天才、

The Autobiography自传18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传

十三个美德：Temperance Silence Order Resolution Frugality Industry Sincerity Justice Moderation Cleanliness Tranquility Chastity Humility

三American Romanticism

The end of the 18th century (the sketches book 华盛顿欧文)

The outbreak of civil war (leaves of grass 惠特曼)

Romanticism的特点：

pluralistic多元化manifestations varied 表现形式多样Individualistic个人主

义conflicting 矛盾

frequently shared certain general characteristics, moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that he natural world was a source of corruption.浪漫主义之间大多是相通的，都注重道德，强调个人主义价值观和直觉感受，并且认为自然是美的源头，人类社会是腐败之源。

Transcendentalism 超验主义浪漫主义的高峰是超验主义（人自然宇宙的关系）

1）as a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematized. It exalted feeling over reason, individual expression over the restraints of law and custom.不讲逻辑，不讲系统，只强调超越理性的感受，超越法律和世俗束缚的个人表达。they believe in the transcendence of "over soul", an all-pervading power for goodness from which all things come and of which all things are a part. 相信精神上的超越，相信无所不能的善的力量，强调善为万物之源。

Literary forms文学形式：Novels, short stories, and poems replaced sermons and mani festos as America’s principal literary forms.长篇小说、短篇故事和诗歌取代说教类及宣言类作品成为美国主要的文学形式。

二、代表作家：

1、Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文美国文学之父，短篇小说之父

the first great belletrist 第一个纯文学作家the first great prose stylist of American romanticism. 美国第一位浪漫主义散文文体作家，“Sketch Book”《见闻札记》, the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.现代文学史上第一部短篇小说和美国第一部伟大的青少年文学读物。标志浪漫主义开端

A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；

The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家

2、James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯.芬尼莫.库珀

contribution: launched two kinds of immensely popular stories → the sea adventure tale and the frontier saga 开创了两种流传极广的小说体裁，边疆传奇小说