课件剑桥雅思12 TEST8 阅读2
课件剑桥雅思12 TEST8 阅读3
experience
Ⅵ. A risk that not all directors take part in solving major problems
Ⅶ. Boards not looking far enough ahead
Ⅷ. A proposal to change the way the board operates
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Question 38-40
Complete the sentences below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 38 - 40 on your answer sheet.
• On certain matters, such as pay, the board may have to accept the views of 40 .
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• Before 2008, non-executive directors were at a disadvantage because of their lack of 38 .
• Boards tend to place too much emphasis on 39 considerations that are only of short-term relevance.
CAM 12-8 R3
LEO Designs
1
Question 27-33
Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A - G. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, I - VIII, in boxes 27 - 33 on your answer sheet.
(完整word版)剑桥雅思8阅读理解解析含翻译
剑桥雅思8-第三套试题-阅读部分-PASSAGE 1-阅读真题原文部分:READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Striking Back at Lightning With LasersSeldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the United States alone. As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt's most inviting target. And there is damage to property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year.But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike.The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The technique survives to this day at a test site in Florida run by the University of Florida, with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in California. EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the United States' power grid from lightning strikes. 'We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets, ' says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.Bad behaviourBut while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning strikes that everyone is looking for. The rockets cost around $1, 200 each, can only be fired at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent. And even when they do trigger lightning, things still do not always go according to plan. 'Lightning is not perfectly well behaved, 'says Bernstein. 'Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it wasn't supposed to go. ' And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area? 'What goes up must come down, ' points out Jean-Claude Diels of the University of New Mexico. Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely - and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk. With around $500, 000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory.The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions. If a laser could generate a line of ionisation in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, this conducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an uncontrollable surge. To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at the clouds. Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from there into the sky. The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by. Ideally, the cloud-zapper (gun)would be cheap enough to be installed around all key power installations, and portable enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm clouds.A stumbling blockHowever, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it's a monster that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer.Bernstein says that Diels's system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies. But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. 'I cannot say I have money yet, but I'm working on it, ' says Bernstein. He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he's hoping for good news. Bernstein predicts 'an avalanche of interest and support' if all goes well. He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing 100, 000 each.Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning 'switch' at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter. Diels also hopes to see the birth of 'interactive meteorology' - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it. 'If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather, ' he says.And perhaps, says Diels, we'll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces. 'We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning, ' he says. Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms. A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.Questions 1-3Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.1 The main topic discussed in the text isA the damage caused to US golf courses and golf players by lightning strikes.B the effect of lightning on power supplies in the US and in Japan.C a variety of methods used in trying to control lightning strikes.D a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes.2 According to the text, every year lightningA does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms.B kills or injures mainly golfers in the United States.C kills or injures around 500 people throughout the world.D damages more than 100 American power companies.3 Researchers at the University of Florida and at the University of New MexicoA receive funds from the same source.B are using the same techniques.C are employed by commercial companies.D are in opposition to each other.Questions 4-6Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-6 on your answer sheet.4 EPRI receives financial support from………………………….5 The advantage of the technique being developed by Diels is that it can be used……………….6 The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to its……………….Questions 7-10Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.In this method, a laser is used to create a line of ionisation by removing electrons from 7 …………………………. This laser is then directed at 8 …………………………in order to control electrical charges, a method which is less dangerous than using 9 …………………………. As a protection for the lasers, the beams are aimed firstly at 10………………………….A cloud-zappersB atomsC storm cloudsD mirrorsE techniqueF ionsG rockets H conductors I thunderQuestions 11-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this11 Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.12 Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.13 Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels's system.READING PASSAGE 1篇章结构体裁说明文主题用激光回击闪电结构第1段：闪电带来的危害第2段：科研人员正在研究回击闪电的方法第3段：先前的闪电回击术介绍第4段：火箭回击术的缺陷第5段：更安全的激光回击术第6段：激光回击术的技术原理第7段：激光回击术的缺陷第8段：通过实地实验改进激光回击术第9段：激光回击术对其他学科也有益处第10段：激光回击术的其他用途解题地图难度系数：★★★解题顺序：按题目顺序解答即可友情提示：烤鸭们注意：本文中的SUMMARY题目顺序有改变，解题要小心；MULTIPLE CHOICE的第三题是个亮点，爱浮想联翩的烤鸭们可能会糊掉。
剑桥雅思真题8-阅读Test 2(附答案)
剑桥雅思真题8-阅读Test 2（附答案）Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Sheet glass manufacture: the float processGlass, which has been made since the time of the Mesopotamians and Egyptians, is little more than a mixture of sand, soda ash and lime. When heated to about 1500 degrees Celsius (°C) this becomes a molten mass that hardens when slowly cooled. The first successful method for making clear, flat glass involved spinning. This method was very effective as the glass had not touched any surfaces between being soft and becoming hard, so it stayed perfectly unblemished, with a ‘fire finish’. However, the process took a long time and was labour intensive.Nevertheless, demand for flat glass was very high and glassmakers across the world were looking for a method of making it continuously. The first continuous ribbon process involved squeezing molten glass through two hot rollers, similar to an old mangle. This allowed glass of virtually any thickness to be made non-stop, but the rollers would leave both sides of the glass marked, and these would then need to be ground and polished. This part of the process rubbed away around 20 per cent of the glass, and the machines were very expensive.The float process for making flat glass was invented by Alistair Pilkington. This process allows the manufacture of clear, tinted and coated glass for buildings, and clear and tinted glass for vehicles. Pilkington had been experimenting with improving the melting process, and in 1952 he had the idea of using a bed of molten metal to form the flat glass, eliminating altogether the need for rollers within the float bath. The metal had to melt at a temperature less than the hardening point of glass (about 600°C), but could net boil at a temperature below the temperature of the molten glass (about 1500°C). The best metal for the job was tin.The rest of the concept relied on gravity, which guaranteed that the surface of the molten metal was perfectly flat and horizontal. Consequently, when pouring molten glass onto the molten tin, the underside of the glass would also be perfectly flat. If the glass were kept hot enough, it would flow over the molten tin until the top surface was also flat, horizontal and perfectly parallel to the bottom surface. Once the glass cooled to 604°C or less it was too hard to mark and could be transported out of the cooling zone by rollers. The glass settled to a thickness of six millimetres because of surface tension interactions between the glass and the tin. By fortunate coincidence, 60 per cent of the flat glass market at that time was for six- millimetre glass.Pilkington built a pilot plant in 1953 and by 1955 he had convinced his company to build a full-scale plant. However, it took 14 months of non-stop production, costing the company £100,000 a month, before the plant produced any usable glass. Furthermore, once they succeeded in making marketable flat glass, the machine was turned off for a service to prepare it for years of continuous production. When it started up again it took another four months to get the process right again. They finally succeeded in 1959 and there are now float plants all over the world, with each able to produce around 1000 tons of glass every day, non-stop for around 15 years.Float plants today make glass of near optical quality. Several processes -melting, refining,homogenising - take place simultaneously in the 2000 tonnes of molten glass in the furnace. They occur in separate zones in a complex glass flow driven by high temperatures. It adds up to a continuous melting process, lasting as long as 50 hours, that delivers glass smoothly and continuously to the float bath, and from there to a coating zone and finally a heat treatment zone, where stresses formed during cooling are relieved.The principle of float glass is unchanged since the 1950s. However, the product has changed dramatically, from a single thickness of 6.8 mm to a range from sub-millimetre to 25 mm, from a ribbon frequently marred by inclusions and bubbles to almost optical perfection. To ensure the highest quality, inspection takes place at every stage. Occasionally, a bubble is not removed during refining, a sand grain refuses to melt, a tremor in the tin puts ripples into the glass ribbon. Automated on-line inspection does two things. Firstly, it reveals process faults upstream that can be corrected. Inspection technology allows more than 100 million measurements a second to be made across the ribbon, locating flaws the unaided eye would be unable to see. Secondly, it enables computers downstream to steer cutters around flaws.Float glass is sold by the square metre, and at the final stage computers translate customer requirements into patterns of cuts designed to minimise waste.Question 1-8Complete the table and diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes on your answer sheet.Early methods of producing flat glassQuestion 9-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage9. The metal used in the float process had to have specific properties.10. Pilkington invested some of his own money in his float plant.11. Pilkington's first full-scale plant was an instant commercial success.12. The process invented by Pilkington has now been improved.puters are better than humans at detecting faults in glass.Reading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.The Little Ice AgeA This book will provide a detailed examination of the Little Ice Age and other climatic shifts, but, before I embark on that, let me provide a historical context. We tend to think of climate - as opposed to weather -as something unchanging, yet humanity has been at the mercy of climate change for its entire existence, with at least eight glacial episodes in the past 730,000 years. Our ancestors adapted to the universal but irregular global warming since the end of the last great Ice Age, around 10,000 years ago, with dazzling opportunism. They developed strategies for surviving harsh drought cycles, decades of heavy rainfall or unaccustomed cold; adopted agriculture and stock-raising, which revolutionized human life; and founded the world's first pre-industrial civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Americas. But the price of sudden climate change, in famine, disease and suffering, was often high.B The Little Ice Age lasted from roughly 1300 until the middle of the nineteenth century. Only two centuries ago, Europe experienced a cycle of bitterly cold winters; mountain glaciers in the Swiss Alps were the lowest in-recorded memory, and pack ice surrounded Iceland for much of the year. The climatic events of the Little Ice Age did more than help shape the modern world. They are the deeply important context for the current unprecedented global warming. The Little Ice Age was far from a deep freeze, however; rather an irregular seesaw of rapid climatic shifts, few lasting more than a quarter-century, driven by complex and still little understood interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean. The seesaw brought cycles of intensely cold winters and easterly winds, then switched abruptly to years of heavy spring and early summer rains, mild winters, and frequent Atlantic storms, or to periods of droughts, light northeasterly winds, and summer heat waves.C Reconstructing the climate changes of the past is extremely difficult, because systematic weather observations began only a few centuries ago, in Europe and North America. Records from India and tropical Africa are even more recent. For the time before records began, we have only 'proxy records' reconstructed largely from tree rings and ice cores, supplemented by a few incomplete written accounts. We now have hundreds of tree-ring records from throughout thenorthern hemisphere, and many from south of the equator, too, amplified with a growing body of temperature data from ice cores drilled in Antarctica, Greenland the Peruvian Andes, and other locations. We are close to knowledge of annual summer and winter temperature variations over much of the northern hemisphere going back 600 years.D This book is a narrative history of climatic shifts during the past ten centuries, and some of the ways in which people in Europe adapted to them. Part One describes the Medieval Warm Period, roughly 900 t0 1200. During these three centuries, Norse voyagers from Northern Europe explored northern seas, settled Greenland, and visited North America. It was not a time of uniform warmth, for then, as always since the Great Ice Age, there were constant shifts in rainfall and temperature. Mean European temperatures were about the same as today, perhaps slightly cooler.E It is known that the Little Ice Age cooling began in Greenland and the Arctic in about 1200. As the Arctic ice pack spread southward, Norse voyages to the west were rerouted into the open Atlantic, then ended altogether. Storminess increased in the North Atlantic and North Sea. Colder, much wetter weather descended on Europe between 1315 and 1319, when thousands perished in a continent-wide famine. By 1400, the weather had become decidedly more unpredictable and stormier, with sudden shifts and lower temperatures that culminated in the cold decades of the late sixteenth century. Fish were a vital commodity in growing towns and cities, where food supplies were a constant concern. Dried cod and herring were already the staples of the European fish trade, but changes in water temperatures forced fishing fleets to work further offshore. The Basques, Dutch, and English developed the first offshore fishing boats adapted to a colder and stormier Atlantic. A gradual agricultural revolution in northern Europe stemmed from concerns over food supplies at a time of rising populations. The revolution involved intensive commercial farming and the growing of animal fodder on land not previously used for crops. The increased productivity from farmland made some countries self-sufficient in grain and livestock and offered effective protection against famine.F Global temperatures began to rise slowly after 1850, with the beginning of the Modern Warm Period. There was a vast migration from Europe by land-hungry farmers and others, to which the famine caused by the Irish potato blight contributed, to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and southern Africa. Millions of hectares of forest and woodland fell before the newcomers' axes between 1850 and -1890, as intensive European farming methods expanded across the world. The unprecedented land clearance released vast quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, triggering for the first time humanly caused global warming. Temperatures climbed more rapidly in the twentieth century as the use of fossil fuels proliferated and greenhouse gas levels continued to soar. The rise has been even steeper since the early 1980s. The Little Ice Age has given way to a new climatic regime, marked by prolonged and steady warming. At the same time, extreme weather events like Category 5 hurricanes are becoming more frequent.Question 14-17Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B and D–F from the list of headings below.write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.16Paragraph E17 Paragraph FQuestion 18-22Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.Weather during the Little Ice AgeDocumentation of past weather conditions is limited: our main sources of knowledge of inthedistant past are 18 …………and19 ………… . We can deduce that the Little Ice Age was a time of 20 ………… , rather than of consistent freezing. Within it there were some periods of very cold winters, others of 21 …………and heavy rain, and yet others that saw 22 …………with no rain at all.Question 23-Classify the following events as occurring during theA. Medieval Warm PeriodB. Little Ice AgeC. Modem Warm PeriodWrite the correct letter, A. B or C in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.23. Many Europeans started farming abroad.24. The cutting down of trees began to affect the climate.25. Europeans discovered other lands.26. Changes took place in fishing patterns.Reading Passage 3You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The meaning and power of smellThe sense of smell, or olfaction, is powerful. Odours affect us on a physical, psychological and social level. For the most part, however, we breathe in the aromas which surround us without being consciously aware of their importance to us. It is only when the faculty of smell is impaired for some reason that we begin to realise the essential role the sense of smell plays in our sense of well-being.A A survey conducted by Anthony Synott at Montreal's Concordia University asked participants to comment on how important smell was to them in their lives. It became apparent that smell can evoke strong emotional responses. A scent associated with a good experience can bring a rush of joy, while a foul odour or one associated with a bad memory may make us grimace with disgust. Respondents to the survey noted that many of their olfactory likes and dislikes were based on emotional associations. Such associations can be powerful enough so that odours that we would generally label unpleasant become agreeable, and those that we would generally consider fragrant become disagreeable for particular individuals. The perception of smell, therefore, consists not only of the sensation of the odours themselves, but of the experiences and emotions associated with them.B Odours are also essential cues in social bonding. One respondent to the survey believed that there is no true emotional bonding without touching and smelling a loved one. In fact, infants recognise the odours of their mothers soon after birth and adults can often identify their children or spouses by scent. In one well-known test, women and men were able to distinguish by smell alone clothing worn by their marriage partners from similar clothing worn by other people. Most of the subjects would probably never have given much thought to odour as a cue for identifying family members before being involved in the test, but as the experiment revealed, even when not consciously considered, smells register.C In spite of its importance to our emotional and sensory lives, smell is probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures. The reason often given for the low regard in which smell is held is that, in comparison with its importance among animals, the human sense of smell is feeble and undeveloped. While it is true that the olfactory powers of humans are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals, they are still remarkably acute. Our noses are able to recognisethousands of smells, and to perceive odours which are present only in extremely small quantities.D Smell, however, is a highly elusive phenomenon. Odours, unlike colours, for instance, cannot be named in many languages because the specific vocabulary simply doesn't exist. 'It smells like…., ' we have to say when describing an odour, struggling to express our olfactory experience. Nor can odours be recorded: there is no effective way to either capture or store them over time. In the realm of olfaction, we must make do with descriptions and recollections. This has implications for olfactory research.E Most of the research on smell undertaken to date has been of a physical scientific nature. Significant advances have been made in the understanding of the biological and chemical nature of olfaction, but many fundamental questions have yet to be answered. Researchers have still to decide whether smell is one sense or two -one responding to odours proper and the other registering odourless chemicals in the air. Other unanswered questions are whether the nose is the only part of the body affected by odours, and how smells can be measured objectively given the nonphysical components. Questions like these mean that interest in the psychology of smell is inevitably set to play an increasingly important role for researchers.F However, smell is not simply a biological and psychological phenomenon. Smell is cultural, hence it is a social and historical phenomenon. Odours are invested with cultural values: smells that are considered to be offensive in some cultures may be perfectly acceptable in others. Therefore, our sense of smell is a means of, and model for, interacting with the world. Different smells can provide us with intimate and emotionally charged experiences and the value that we attach to these experiences is interiorised by the members of society in a deeply personal way. Importantly, our commonly held feelings about smells can help distinguish us from other cultures. The study of the cultural history of smell is, therefore, in a very real sense, an investigation into the essence of human culture.Question 27-32Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.28Paragraph B29 Paragraph C30 Paragraph D31 Paragraph E32Paragraph FQuestions 33-36Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 33-36 on your answer sheet.33 According to the introduction, we become aware of the importance of smell whenA we discover a new smell.B we experience a powerful smell.C our ability to smell is damaged.D we are surrounded by odours.34 The experiment described in paragraph BA shows how we make use of smell without realising it.B demonstrates that family members have a similar smell.C proves that a sense of smell is learnt.D compares the sense of smell in males and females.35 What is the writer doing in paragraph C?A supporting other researchB making a proposalD describing limitations36 What does the writer suggest about the study of smell in the atmosphere in paragraph E?A The measurement of smell is becoming more accurate.B Researchers believe smell is a purely physical reaction.C Most smells are inoffensive.D Smell is yet to be defined.Questions 37-40Complete the sentences below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.37 Tests have shown that odours can help people recognise the ………… belonging to theirhusbands and wives.38 Certain linguistic groups may have difficulty describing smell because they lack the appropriate ………… .39 The sense of smell may involve response to ………… which do not smell, in addition to obvious odours.40 Odours regarded as unpleasant in certain ………… are not regarded as unpleasant in others.参考答案1 spinning2 (perfectly) unblemished3 labour/labor-intensive4 thickness5 marked6 (molten) glass7 (molten) tin/metal8 rollers9 TRUE10 NOT GIVEN11 FALSE12 TRUE13 TRUE14 ii15 vii16 ix17 iv18&19 (IN EITHER ORDER) C B20A21H22G23C24C25A26B27 viii28 ii29 vi30 i31 iii32 v33C34A35C36D37 clothing38 vocabulary39 chemicals40 cultures。
剑桥雅思八阅读详解TEST1234整合原创版
剑桥雅思八阅读详解TEST1READING PASSAGE 1 计时器发展史段落配对题1, 排除全文都含有的关键词“TIME KEEPING”哪里都有就不是关键词“cold temperature”回答原文中找答案。
D段结尾”often freezing weather of”同义重现。
2，如果题目中定语和修饰成分太长，则把关键词落在靠后的位置，做题就比较有效。
关键词“Calendar, farming” B段出现了两个原形重现，很容易选出。
3，关键词pendulum（clock），origin’s段倒数第2行”a pendulum clock had been devised”.发明制造出来。
4，”(calculate) uniform hours”. E段第2行”to keeping equal ones”上半句提到了”one”指的就是”hours””；”equal”的意思就是uniform”.5，答案B。
原文分为两大部分ABC第一部分讨论的是”calendar”一年之内的计时器，DEFGH第二部分讨论的是一天之内计时器clock。
所以第五第八题三选二，很好做。
6，答案E。
“two equal hakves” 原文在本段最后一句7，答案G. 关键词”new shape”原文第二行” was a lever based devise shaped like a ship’s anchor.”8,答案A。
关键词”organize-event-schedule”原文第三行”co-ordinate activities…plant-regulate.”9-13题。
该题型为100%集中在了某一段找答案；图上有标题“1670”就是关键词。
很快即可定义在G段。
注意：答案小于等于2个词9，resembling好像…一样shape like答案：ship’s anchor(第二行)10，escape wheel11，tooth 第四行12，long pendulum13, second倒数第二行。
雅思8text2section2
雅思8text2section2英文回答：In the IELTS test, there are four sections: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Among these sections, the speaking test is the only one that involves direct interaction with the examiner. It is a face-to-faceinterview where the examiner assesses your speaking skillsin terms of fluency, coherence, lexical resource, and grammatical range and accuracy.The speaking test is divided into three parts. In Part 1, the examiner asks you some general questions about yourself, your family, your hobbies, and so on. For example, the examiner might ask, "Do you enjoy cooking? Why or why not?" In this part, it is important to give detailed answers and provide examples to support your opinions. This will show the examiner that you can speak at length and express your ideas clearly.In Part 2, you are given a topic and you have one minute to prepare before speaking for two minutes. This is often referred to as the "cue card" or "long turn" section. For example, the topic might be "Describe a memorable holiday you have had." During the preparation time, it is helpful to jot down some key points or ideas that you want to talk about. When speaking, try to structure your response by introducing the topic, giving details and examples, and then concluding. This will make your speech more organized and coherent.In Part 3, the examiner asks you more abstract questions related to the topic in Part 2. This part is designed to assess your ability to discuss abstract ideas and express opinions. For example, the examiner might ask, "Do you think it is important to take holidays? Why or why not?" In this part, it is important to use a wide range of vocabulary and complex sentence structures to demonstrate your language proficiency.Overall, the speaking test is an opportunity for you to showcase your English speaking skills. It is important tospeak confidently, use a variety of vocabulary and grammar structures, and provide examples and details to supportyour ideas.中文回答：雅思考试中，有听力、阅读、写作和口语四个部分。
剑桥雅思8阅读解析test2
Passage1Question 1答案: spinning关键词: method定位原文: 第1段第3句“The first successful method for…”解题思路: 此题的较容易。
空格中所填词应为 method的名称。
通过 The first successful method for making clear, flat glass involved spinning 可知本题答案为spinning。
Question 2答案: (perfectly unblemished关键词: glass , remained定位原文:第1段倒数第2句“...so it stayed perfectly unblemished,...”解题思路:此题的定位词被同义转述为stayed。
所以此题填:(perfectly unblemished。
Question 3答案: labour- intensive关键词: disadvantages, slow定位原文:第1段最后1句“However, the process took a long...”解题思路:由题目中的 disadvantages 找到文章中表示意思与上文相反或相对的强转折词 However。
同时根据 slow 判断本题需填入与之并列的形容词。
通过第一段最后一句可确定本题答案为labour-intensive。
Question 4答案: thickness关键词: ribbon, varying对应原文:第2段第3句“This allowed glass of virtually…”解题思路:此题通过Ribbon可以定位到第二段,其中 Advantage部分集中在第三句;文中any对应题中varying。
所以此题填:thickness。
Question 5答案: marked关键词: disadvantages, 20%定位原文:第2段倒数第2句“...but the rollers would leave both sides of the glass marked,...”解题思路:此题通过20%定位于对应句之后的那一句,按照顺序原则找到对应处中的glass。
剑桥雅思八阅读详解TEST1234整合原创版
剑桥雅思八阅读详解TEST1READING PASSAGE 1 计时器发展史段落配对题1, 排除全文都含有的关键词“TIME KEEPING”哪里都有就不是关键词“cold temperature”回答原文中找答案。
D段结尾”often freezing weather of”同义重现。
2，如果题目中定语和修饰成分太长，则把关键词落在靠后的位置，做题就比较有效。
关键词“Calendar, farming” B段出现了两个原形重现，很容易选出。
3，关键词pendulum（clock），origin’s段倒数第2行”a pendulum clock had been devised”.发明制造出来。
4，”(calculate) uniform hours”. E段第2行”to keeping equal ones”上半句提到了”one”指的就是”hours””；”equal”的意思就是uniform”.5，答案B。
原文分为两大部分ABC第一部分讨论的是”calendar”一年之内的计时器，DEFGH第二部分讨论的是一天之内计时器clock。
所以第五第八题三选二，很好做。
6，答案E。
“two equal hakves” 原文在本段最后一句7，答案G. 关键词”new shape”原文第二行” was a lever based devise shaped like a ship’s anchor.”8,答案A。
关键词”organize-event-schedule”原文第三行”co-ordinate activities…plant-regulate.”9-13题。
该题型为100%集中在了某一段找答案；图上有标题“1670”就是关键词。
很快即可定义在G段。
注意：答案小于等于2个词9，resembling好像…一样shape like答案：ship’s anchor(第二行)10，escape wheel11，tooth 第四行12，long pendulum13, second倒数第二行。
剑桥雅思12Test8雅思阅读passage 3真题+解析
剑桥雅思12Test8雅思阅读passage 3真题+解析推荐：剑桥雅思12Test8雅思阅读passage 1真题+解析、剑桥雅思12Test8雅思阅读passage 2真题+解析文章结构体裁：说明文主要内容：商业管理者角色的变革结构： A段金融危机暴露出公司董事会管理的问题B段董事对公司管理发生了变化C段以前董事会委托委员会对公司进行管理D段现在由专业的董事会对公司进行管理E段董事会缺乏长足远见F段首席执行官们的薪酬引起的争议G段公司每个领域都需要彻底改变考题解析Questions 27-33題目归类：List of Headings此类题型属于结构题，考查考生对于文章整体结构的把握。
解答此类题型首先要分析题目中给出的选项，确定各个选项的主要内容和相似选项之间的区别，然后要理解段落的基本构成方式，准确寻找段落的主题句(通常集中在段落的首尾句)。
如果主题句比较难确定，则可以寻找转折句型、定义句型或者总结句型来确定段落大意，也可以通过迅速浏览全段来总结段落中心意思。
题目解析：Questions 34-37題目归类：YES/NO/NOT GIVEN此类题型M于细节题，是雅思阅读中难度较小的题目。
此类题目考查题目中表述的信息与原文相关信息的关系。
在解题时，根据题目的定位词回原文找到相关的语言重现，如果原文与题目表述的信息一致，答案为YES;如果原文与题目表述的信息矛盾，答案为 NO;如果从原文的信息不能确定题目中所表述的信息，答案为NOT GIVEN。
题目解析：Questions 38-40題目类型：Sentence Completion此类题型属于细节题，重点考查定位、提取、归纳信息的能力。
解答此类题目的关键是先根据题目中的定位词，确定答案在原文的范围，再根据句意同义替换，提取、归纳出相关信息，回原文中找到相符的语言重现，从而确定答案。
注意在填写答案时，都是原文原词原顺序。
题目解析：剑桥雅思12pdf+听力mp3下载！。
剑桥雅思八 阅读 test 2 passage 2 核心词汇分解
剑桥雅思八test 2 passage 2核心词汇providevt.& vi. 提供，供给，供应vt. 规定；提供(+for)；装备；预备vi. 抚养，赡养(+for)；做准备；预约(for 或against)detailedadj. 详细的，明细的；精细的；复杂的；详尽的v. 详细说明(detail的过去分词)examinationn. 检查；考试；询问，审问climatic shift = climate change气候变化embarkvi. 上飞机，上船；着手，从事vt. 使…上船或飞机；使从事，使着手；投资于historicaladj. 历史的，历史上的；有关历史研究的；有根据的；基于史实的contextn. 上下文；背景；环境；语境tend to倾向于think of考虑；想起；有…想法；对…有意见认为climaten. 气候；水土，风土；（社会思想等的）趋势，倾向；思潮opposevt.& vi. 反对，抗争；使相对；使对照；抵制weathern. 天气，气象；暴风雨vt.& vi. 晒干，风化vt. 平安渡过，挨过；[地]使风化unchangingadj. 不变的，恒常的humanityn. 人类；人性；人道；人文学科at the mercy of任…摆布，在…前毫无办法mercyn. 宽容；怜悯；幸运；侥幸entireadj. 全部的；整个的；全体的；囫囵existencen. 存在，实在；生活，生活方式；实体，存在物glacialadj. <地>冰的，冰河[川]的；冰河期的；极冷的episoden. 插曲，片断；插话；一集ancestorn. 祖先，祖宗；被继承人；原型；（动物的）原种，先祖adaptvi. 适应于，适应不同情况（或环境）(to) vt. 改编，改写；改变…以适合(for)universaladj. 普遍的，一般的；通用的，万能的；全世界的；宇宙的n. [逻辑学]全称命题；[哲学]一般概念；一般性irregularadj. 不规则的，不对称的；无规律的；不合规范的，不合法的；不规则变化的n. 非正规军军人；不规则物；不合规格的产品globaladj. 全球的，全球性的，有关全球大局的；全面的，整体的，全局的；球形的，球状的，球面的，球体的；[计]全程的warmingadj. （比赛前的）准备动作的，热身的n. 加温，升温v. （使）变暖，被加热，暖和起来( warm 的现在分词)；（使）变得更友好，变得更可爱dazzlingadj. 耀眼的，光彩夺目的；灿烂的v. （使）眼花(dazzle的ing形式)opportunismn. <贬>机会主义，投机取巧strategiesn. 策略( strategy的名词复数)；战略；战略学；对策survivingadj. 继续存在的，未死的，依然健在的v. 幸存，活下来( survive的现在分词)；比…活得长，经历…之后还存在；幸免于难；挺过harshadj. 粗糙的；刺耳的；严厉的，严格的；残酷的droughtn. 干旱（时期），旱季；旱灾；（长期的）缺乏；枯竭cyclen. 循环，周期；自行车；时代，一段时间；整套vi. 周而复始，循环；骑自行车；轮转vt. 运转，循环；使轮转decaden. 十年，十年间；十个一组；十年期rainfalln. 阵雨，降雨；降雨量unaccustomedadj. 不习惯的；不寻常的；奇怪的；不熟悉的adoptvt. 采用，采取，采纳；收养；正式接受，接受；批准agriculturen. 农业；农耕；农业生产；农学stock-raising养殖牲畜revolutionized (sed)v. 使彻底变革( revolutionize的过去式和过去分词)foundvt. 创办，成立，建立v. 发现( find的过去式)；找到；到达；发觉pre-industrialadj. 工业化前的；未工业化的civilizationn. 文明，文化；开化，教化；修养；文明社会Egyptn. 埃及Mesopotamian. 美索不达米亚（西南亚地区）[地名] [希腊] 美索不达米亚；[地名] [伊拉克·叙利亚] 美索不达米亚（地区）America美洲pricen. 价格，价钱；代价；价值；赏金vt. 标价；定价；问…的价格；给…定价suddenadj. 突然的，未预见到的；急躁的，仓促的；快的，迅速的；急剧faminen. 饥荒；饥饿；极度缺乏diseasen. 疾病；弊端；不安vt. 传染；使…有病sufferingn. 受苦，遭难；苦楚，苦难；令人痛苦的事v. 受苦(suffer的现在分词)；蒙受adj. 受苦的；患病的experiencen. 经验，体验；经历，阅历vt. 亲身参与，亲身经历；感受；发现bitterlyadv. 苦涩地；痛苦地；不痛快地；残酷地mountainn. 山，山岳；山脉；一大堆；大量glaciern. 冰河，冰川recodedv. 记录，录音，拍摄( record的过去式和过去分词)；标明；发表正式（或法律方面的）声明；演奏音乐供录制memoryn. 记忆，记忆力；回忆，往事；[计]存储器，内存packn. 一群；包裹；（纸牌的）一副；一组vt.& vi. （把…）打包；塞进；拥进；（使）聚集成团vt. 挑选；压紧；携带；拧紧vi. 包装；紧挤在一起；便于折叠收藏的；匆忙离去（有时与off 连用）surroundedadj. （后面与by,with连用）被…环绕着的v. 包围( surround的过去式和过去分词)；与…紧密相关；围绕；喜欢结交（某类人）more than不只是；很；超过；在…次以上shapen. 形状；模型；状态；身材vt. 塑造；使符合；体现vi. 使成形；形成modernadj. 现代的；近代的；新式的；当代风格的n. 现代人，现代主义者；时髦人士；[印]现代字体，指印刷中所用的一种字体currentadj. 现在的；最近的；流行的；流传的n. 趋势；电流；水流；涌流unprecedentedadj. 前所未有的，无前例的；空前的；无比的；新奇的，崭新的freezevt. 使结冰，使冻僵；冷藏；吓呆；冻结（存款，工资等）vi. 凝固，结冰；冻伤，冻死n. 冻结；严寒时期seesawn. 跷跷板，上下动adj. 前后动的，交互的vt. 使上下（来回）摇动vi. 玩跷跷板，上下（来回）摇动rapidadj. 快速的；[摄]感光快的；险峻的n. 急流；高速交通工具，高速交通网v. 驾驶；开车；驱动；迫使n. 驱车旅行；驱动力；车道；驱动器complexadj. 复杂的；合成的n. 复杂；合成体；[数学]复数interactionn. 一起活动；合作；互相影响；互动atmospheren. 大气，空气；大气层；风格，基调；气氛broughtv. 带来( bring的过去式和过去分词)；促使；提供；使朝（某方向或按某方式）移动intenselyadv. 强烈地；极度；剧烈地easterlyadj.& adv. 东方的（地），东部的（地）；（指风）从东吹来的（地）switchn. 开关；转换，转换器；软鞭子；[信]接线台vt.& vi. 转变，改变；转换；关闭电流；鞭打vt. 转换；挥动（棍棒、鞭子等）；迅速转动；鞭打vi. 交换；调换abruptlyadv. 突然地；意外地；（言谈举止）唐突地；<地质>陡起地frequentadj. 频繁的，时常发生的，常见的；（脉搏等）急促的，快的[friˈkwent] vt. 常到，光顾，常与…交往；常去，时常出入于Atlantic在大西洋里的，近大西洋的(the Atlantic)大西洋[地名] [美国] 大西洋城stormn. 暴风雨，暴风雪；[军]猛攻，冲击；骚乱；动荡vi. 起风暴，下暴雨；猛冲；暴怒vt. 袭击，猛攻；暴怒，怒骂；大力迅速攻占periodn. 时期；（一段）时间；学时；句号adj. 具有某个时代特征的；（关于）过去某一特定历史时期的；（家具、服饰、建筑等）某一时代的n. 波浪，波动；挥手；涌现的人（或事物）；汹涌的行动（或思想）态势vi. 摇摆，起伏vt.& vi. （一端固定地）飘扬；挥手指引；挥动…示意；略呈波形vt. 挥手表示；挥舞；使…略呈波形；烫（发）reconstructingv. 重建( reconstruct的现在分词)；重现，重整extremelyadv. 极端地；非常，很；去；绝systematicadj. 有系统的，有规则的；有条不紊的；有步骤的；一贯的，惯常的observationn. 观察；观察力；注意；观察报告tropicaladj.热带的；炎热的；热情的recentadj. 最近的；新近的；近代的；[地]全新世的proxyn. 代表权；代理人，代替物；委托书；代理服务器reconstructedadj. 重建的，改造的v. 重建( reconstruct的过去式和过去分词)；重现，重整tree ringn. 树木的年轮ice coren .冰芯在冰川、冰原上所钻取的冰体岩芯。
剑桥雅思12Test8雅思口语Part2话题+范文
剑桥雅思12Test8雅思⼝语Part2话题+范⽂剑桥雅思12Test8雅思⼝语Part2话题+范⽂推荐：剑桥雅思12Test8雅思⼝语Part1话题+范⽂Describe a time when you visited a friend or family member at their workplace.You should say:who you visitedwhere this person workedwhy you visited this person's workplaceand explain how you felt about visiting this person's workplace.参考答案⼀A few weeks ago, I visited my friend Miss Wen’s small caft, which was not really far away from my working place.I walked about 20 minutes when I finished my work, and found a beautiful small cafe decorated well by colourful flowers. My friend Miss Wen was waiting me in the front door. This was my first time to go to her working place, since she opened her cafe shop nearly 2 months. She used to be an accountant in an investment corporation, and felt really bored and disinterested after five years of staying there. Then she decided to work for herself by running a smaU shop, and this is how this cafe comes from.That was about 4 p.m. in the afternoon, so only a few consumers had their coffee here. My friend went to the bar and made two cups of cappuccinos. When I saw her making the coffee, I could felt her happiness. You know, a big smile was hanging on her face,and she was humming a song. Later, she served me the coffee, and we sat together to chat with each other about her cafe, her new working place.Miss Wen's cafe offered me a canteen-like experience with well-seasoned food, and her target consumers are people who want a quick lunch with a reasonable price, as well as flavourful choice,‘I know people are tired and exhausted after long hours of work, and I want to provide them a great place to sooth their mind', she said. However, from her words, and from her facial expressions, I knew she was much happier than before. Instead of staying in the office and sitting for extended periods during the day，she could walk around to clean tables, water flowers in the small garden in the front side, or make a fresh coffee for customers, or chat with people who had lunch here.. .this new working place brought her much more happiness and satisfaction.参考答案⼆Yesterday, I was invited to my cousin’s workplace —a fitness centre located inthe city centre.My cousin is working there as a gymnasium coach. I went there because I wanted to join some fitness courses like yoga and Pilates to lose my weight, so I called my cousin the day before yesterday and we decided to meet him in his workplace.He then showed me around the centre. It was really a well-equipped fitness centre opening out to a series of south-facing terraces, which provided both afternoon sunshine and visceral connection to the city garden. According to his introduction, this was also the city's most complete gym, which consisted of a swimming pool, a badminton hall, sauna rooms and massaging bath areas. ‘Working here was awesome, ’I said to my cousin. To be honest, this working environment was wonderful. Then, I quickly decided to join my fitness courses here; after signing contracts, we decided to have a dinner together, but I still needed to wait him about one hour because he had to finish his coach work.I ordered a cup of coffee in the bar, and saw him teaching a young chubby girl to do body building exercises. He was so patient, correcting every single mistake, and when he wears the tight singlet， you can easily see his strong muscle and body lines! That was really a different man for me, so he was not that ‘little shy boy’ when he entered the workforce years ago!剑桥雅思12pdf+听⼒mp3下载！。
剑桥雅思8Test2阅读Pessage2原文翻译：小冰期
英语为您带来了剑桥雅思8Test2阅读Pessage2原文翻译：小冰期。
相应的答案解析，请点击：剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test2Passage2。
还有真题下载哦：TEST 2 PASSAGE 2 参考译文：小冰期A.本书详细讨论了小冰期和其他气候变化，但是在我开始部分之前，我要向大家提供一个相关的历史背景。
我们倾向于认为气候是不变的(与天气正好相反)。
然而，人类自存在之日起就一直受到气候变化的支配——过去的73万年间至少出现过八次冰河期。
自从大约一万年前的上一次大冰河期的末期开始，我们的祖先就凭借非凡的投机手段适应着普遍存在却并不规律的全球变暖。
他们制定了各种策略，以便在周期性的大干旱、连绵数十年的暴雨或罕见的低温环境中存活;他们发展的农业和畜牧业给人类的生活带来了革命;他们在埃及、美索不达米亚和美洲大陆建立了世界上最早的前工业化文明。
但是，气候骤变带来的恶果——饥荒、瘟疫和苦难，往往十分严重。
B.小冰期大致从公元1300年持续到19世纪中期。
仅两个世纪以前，欧洲遭遇了周期性的严冬，瑞士阿尔卑斯山脉的高山冰川的高度达到史上最低，冰岛周围常年被浮冰环绕。
小冰期的气候活动不仅在塑造现代地球环境方面发挥了作用，也为如今史无前例的全球变暖现象提供了温床。
然而，小冰期远非一个深度冰冻期，它实际上是由大气与海洋之间复杂难解的相互作用引起的、持续期普遍短于25年的一系列不规则气候剧变的集合。
这样的起伏波动先是带来周期性的严冬和东风，然后又突然转变为持续数年的春季暴雨、夏季早雨、暖冬和频繁的大西洋风暴，抑或周期性干旱、轻东北风和酷暑热浪。
C.重构过去的气候变化极其困难，因为系统的天气观测仅仅在几个世纪之前才始于欧洲和北美洲。
印度和热带非洲的记录开始得更晚。
至于有记录之前的年代，我们只有“代理记录”——大部分根据树木的年轮和冰芯(的数据)重建，并辅之以少量不完整的手写记录。
如今，我们拥有几百份树木年轮的记录，遍布北半球和赤道以南的很多地区;我们还从南极洲、格陵兰岛、秘鲁安第斯及其他地区钻得的冰芯中得到了越来越多的温度数据时该记录进行补充。
雅思8text2section2
雅思8text2section2Section 2 of Text 2 provides information about a small city called Llandudno and its tourism industry. The city is located in North Wales and is a popular destination for visitors.One of the main attractions in Llandudno is the Great Orme, a limestone headland that offers stunning views of the surrounding area. Visitors can reach the top of the Great Orme by taking a tramway or cable car. Once at the top, they can explore various activities including a visitor center, a restaurant, and even a ski slope.In addition to the Great Orme, Llandudno also boasts a beautiful beach. The beach stretches for two miles and is a great spot for swimming, sunbathing, or simply enjoying a leisurely walk. There are also several cafes and shops along the beachfront, offering visitors a chance to relax and enjoy the scenery.Another popular attraction in Llandudno is the Victorian Pier, which was built in the 19th century. The pier is home to various amusement arcades, rides, and even a theater. It provides entertainment for visitors of all ages and is a must-visit destination in Llandudno.Llandudno is also known for its vibrant cultural scene. The city has several theaters, art galleries, and museums that showcase the rich history and culture of the area. Visitors can enjoy performances, exhibitions, and learn more about the local heritage during their visit.Furthermore, Llandudno offers a wide range of accommodation options to suit every budget. There are luxurious hotels, cozy bed and breakfasts, as well as several self-catering cottages available for visitors to choose from. The city also has a variety of restaurants and cafes, offering a diverse range of cuisines to cater to different tastes.Overall, Llandudno is a charming city with a lot to offer tourists. Its natural beauty, cultural attractions, and range of amenities make it a fantastic destination for all kinds of travelers.。
ielts12test8阅读讲解
IELTS 12 Test 8 阅读讲解介绍在雅思考试的阅读部分，考生需要通过阅读一些长篇文章来回答一系列问题。
本文将对雅思12套第8篇阅读文章进行详细的讲解，以帮助考生更好地理解文章内容和解题思路。
文章概述本篇阅读文章主要讨论了人类记忆的一些特点和问题。
文章指出，人类的记忆容量有限，对信息的选择和遗忘是大脑为了更高效地记忆而做出的调整。
文章还讨论了一些记忆实验和研究，并提出了一些关于记忆优化和身份认知的观点。
人类记忆的特点人类的记忆容量是有限的，无法无限存储大量的信息。
因此，大脑必须对信息进行选择和遗忘，以保证记忆的效率和准确性。
人们在记忆过程中，往往会选择对自己重要的信息进行记忆，而忽略对自己无关紧要的信息。
信息选择和遗忘的机制大脑对信息进行选择和遗忘的机制是复杂而精细的。
研究发现，人们更容易记住与自己的经验和兴趣相关的信息，而忽略与自己无关的信息。
此外，重复暴露和情感连接等因素也会影响记忆的选择和遗忘。
记忆实验和研究的结果许多记忆实验和研究揭示了人类记忆的一些特点和问题。
例如，有些实验表明，人们更容易记住情感强烈的事件，而忽略情感较弱的事件。
另外，一些实验还发现，反复回顾和复习可以帮助人们更好地记忆信息。
记忆优化的方法为了提高记忆的效果，人们可以采取一些记忆优化的方法。
例如，使用记忆法，如联想记忆法和编码记忆法，可以帮助人们更好地记忆信息。
此外，锻炼大脑和保持良好的生活习惯也对记忆的优化有积极的影响。
身份认知与记忆身份认知是指人们对自己身份的认同和理解。
研究发现，身份认知与记忆之间存在着密切的关系。
对于与自己身份相关的信息，人们通常能够更好地记忆和理解。
因此，身份认知对于记忆的影响是不可忽视的。
结论人类的记忆容量是有限的，大脑通过选择和遗忘来优化记忆效果。
记忆优化的方法可以提高记忆的效果，而身份认知与记忆之间存在着密切的关系。
在备考雅思阅读时，考生可以通过理解人类记忆的特点和调整机制，提高对文章的理解和解题能力。
剑桥雅思12Test8雅思写作Task2真题+参考范文
剑桥雅思12Test8雅思写作Task2真题+参考范文剑桥雅思12Test8雅思写作Task2真题+参考范文推荐：剑桥雅思12T es8雅思写作Task1真题+参考范文题目：Some people believe that allowing children to make their own choices on everyday matters (such as food, clothes and entertainment) is likely to result in a society of individuals who only think about their own wishes. Other people believe that it is important for children to make decisions about matters that affect them.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.题目分析，包括写作中需要讨论的观点以及考生可能对题目产生的错误理解。
要点1.考生需要分析孩子在生活中对自己的小事做决定的好处和坏处;2.考生需要分析这种教育方式与一个人人只考虑自己意愿的社会有何关联。
错误理解1.考生可能会在举例子的时候误把生活中的小事写成生活中的大事;2.考生可能只讨论让孩子自己做决定的坏处，而无法说明题干中的“为什么会导致一个人人只考虑自己的社会”。
参考范文A glimpse into the future of a child and a society is available in daily life. Some children are encouraged to make their own decisions about daily matters affecting them, but others are concerned that this may make a society where people only think about their own wishes.Allowing children to make their own choices in daily matters may be based on the brief that overly protective parents tend tohave overly dependent offspring. This isn t good for the children's growth or for the parents. We often hear about dangers for children who always turn to their parents if there's a problem or decision, and who expect their parents to meet all their needs. However, we do not hear as much about how parents* lives can be restricted by these needs. Adult children who cling to unrealistic expectations of what their parents should do for them might make their own lives and their parent's lives difficult.However, there are also some pessimists about freedom of children. They may think if young children are always given the freedom to make their own choices, such as selecting a favourite clothes or a particular flavor of ice cream, they may gradually become a person who only cares about their own feelings or desires. This means when they grow up there would be many self-centred adults who only care about themselvesand do everything only for their own interests.They would do this because they are taught this when they are young. This is not good for the development of our society and dearly, this is not a society we want to become.From my perspective, children should be given some freedom to make their own decisions about daily matters because this is important for their independence and also good for their parents. But it does not mean that parents should never intervene. They should give some suggestions to their children and help them take into account the possible consequences of their actions.参考译文对孩子和社会未来的一瞥可以反映在日常生活中。
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Question 14-18
Write the correct letter, A - H, in boxes 14 - 18 on your answer sheet.
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14. What did the 2006 discovery of the animal bone reveal about the lynx? A. Its physical appearance was very distinctive. B. Its extinction was linked to the spread of farming. C. It vanished from Britain several thousand years ago. D. It survived in Britain longer than was previously thought.
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15.What point does the writer make about large predators in the third paragraph? A. Their presence can increase biodiversity. B. They may cause damage to local ecosystems. C. Their behaviour can alter according to the environment. D. They should be reintroduced only to areas where they were native.
efficiently with initiatives to return native 22 to certain
areas of the country.
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Britain. While there is no evidence that the lynx has ever put
19 in danger, it would reduce the numbers of certain 20
whose populations have increased enormously in recent
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Question 19-22
Complete the summary using the list of words and phrases in the box
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Tree
endangered species
hillsides
wild animals
humans
farm animals
There would be many advantages to reintrodห้องสมุดไป่ตู้cing the lynx to
decades. It would present only a minimal threat to 21 ,
provided these were kept away from lynx habitats.
Furthermore, the reintroduction programme would also link
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16.What does the writer suggest about British conservation in the fourth paragraph? A. It has failed to achieve its aims. B. It is beginning to change direction. C. It has taken a misguided approach. D. It has focused on the most widespread species.
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17.Protecting large areas of the sea from commercial fishing would result in A. practical benefits for the fishing industry. B. some short-term losses to the fishing industry. C. widespread opposition from the fishing industry. D. certain changes to techniques within the fishing industry.
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18.According to the author, what distinguishes rewilding from other environmental campaigns? A. Its objective is more achievable. B. Its supporters are more articulate. C. Its positive message is more appealing. D. It is based on sounder scientific principles.