自考国际商务英语课后中译英

自考国际商务英语课后中译英
Lesson 1
1.国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。

International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries, it involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business.
2．随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。

因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。

With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away form international business. Some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.
3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。

Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing and turnkey project.
4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。

International business
first took the form of
commodity trade, i.e.
exporting and importing
goods produced or
manufactured in one
country for consumption
or resale in another.
5.除了国际贸易和投资，
国际许可和特许经营有
时也是进入国外市场的
一种方式。

Besides trade and
investment, licensing and
franchising are
sometimes taken as a
means of entering a
foreign market.
Lesson 2
1、国民生产总值和国内
生产总值是表明一国收
入的两个重要概念。

区别
在于前者强调的是生产
要素的所属权而后者着
重于进行生产的国家。

GNP and GDP are two
important concepts used
to indicate a country’s
total income. The
difference between GND
and GDP is that the
former focuses on
ownership of the factors
of production while the
latter concentrates on the
place where production
takes place.
2、要估评某一市场的潜
力，人们往往要分析其收入水
平，因为它为那里居民的购买
力高低提供了线索。

In assessing the potential of a
market, people often look at
its income level since it
provides clues about the
purchasing power of its
residents.
3、世界各国被世界银行分为
三大领域：高收入国家，中等
收入国家和低收入国家。

Countries of the world are
divided by the World Bank
into three categories of
high-income, middle-income
and low-income economies.
4、中国现在的年人均收入为
1100美元以上，但几年前它
还是个低收入国家。

China with a per capita
income of over $1100 is a
middle-income country
though it was a low income
country just a few years ago.
5、就中国来说，周围还有其
他应特别关注的市场，如亚洲
四小虎、东盟国家、俄罗斯等
国，这些国家都具有前景看好
的市场潜力，能为中国提供很
好的商机。

So far as China is concerned,
other markets we should pay
particular attention to are
those around us: the Four
Tigers, the ASEAN countries,
Russia, India, and a bit
farther away Australia.
Lesson 3
2
1.过去的几十年，地区经济一体化越来越重要。

The past decades witnessed increasingly growing importance of regional economic integration.
2.最著名的自由贸易区是北美自由贸易区，它是由美国、加拿大和墨西哥于1991年建立的。

The most notable free trade area is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), it was formed by the United States, Canada and Mexico in 1991.
3.经济联盟的成员国不仅要在税收、政府开支、企业策略等方面保持一致，而且还应使用同一的货币。

The members of an Economic Union are required not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies, etc., but also use the same currency.
4.欧洲委员会是欧盟的管理机构之一，此机构将提议呈交给部长理事会做决定，并监督各成员国根据所制定的条约履行自已的义务。

European Commission is one of the administration institutions of European Union, it hands over the proposes to the council of Ministers for decision and oversees member countries
to implement their
obligations according
to the enacting clauses.
5.APEC建立于在澳大利
亚首都堪培拉召开的
一次部长级会议上。

当
时有12位成员国出席，
分别为澳大利亚、美
国、加拿大、日本、朝
鲜、新西兰和东盟六
国。

APEC was set up at
the Ministerial
Meeting held in the
Australian capital
Canberra attended by
12 members of
Australia, the United
States, Canada, Japan,
Republic of Korea,
New Zealand and six
ASEAN countries.
Lesson 4
1.经济全球化为世界经
济发展提供了新的动
力和机会，同时也使各
经济体更加相互依赖、
相互影响。

Economic globalization
is giving new impetus
and providing
opportunities to world
economic development
and meanwhile making
the various economies
more and more
interdependent and
interactive.
2.跨国公司是在一个以
上国家拥有、控制和经营资
产的商业组织。

Multinational enterprise is
a business organization
which owns, controls and
manages assets in more
than one country.
3.许多人欢呼经济全球化带
来的好处，但同进也有强烈
的反对声音。

While many people are
acclaiming the benefits
brought about by economic
globalization, there are also
loud voices of opposition.
4.跨国公司的内部交换占整
个国际贸易的一个很大的
比例。

Intra-MNE transactions
constitute a very significant
proportion of total
international trade.
5.尽管公司的日常管理工作
下放到跨国企业的子公司，
但重要决策，如有关公司目
标和新投资等都由母公司
来决定。

Although the day-to-day
running of corporate
operations maybe
decentralized to the
affiliates, the major
decisions, such as those on
corporate goal, new
investments and their
location, are made by the
parent company.
6.无论人们是否喜欢，经济全
球化已成为世界经济发展
3
中的一个客观趋势。

Like it or not, economic globalization has become an objective trend in world economic development. Lesson 5
1.在复杂的经济世界中，没有一个国家可以完全自给自足。

In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self-sufficient.
2.随着制造业和技术的发展，出现了另一个刺激贸易的因素，即国际专业化。

With the development of manufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive for trade, i.e. international specialization.
3.按照比较利益学说，两个贸易伙伴均可从贸易中得到好处。

According to the theory of comparative advantage, both countries can gain from trade.
4.比较利益并不是一个静止的概念，一个国家可以通过自已的行动发展某种特定的比较利益。

Comparative advantage is not a static concept. A country may develop a particular comparative advantage purely through its own actions.
5.比较利益理论已成为现代
国际贸易思想的基石。

The theory of
comparative advantage
has become the
cornerstone of modern
thinking on
international trade.
Lesson 6
1.一件商品的成本会因
生产规模扩大而减少。

The cost will decrease
if the goods are
produced on a large
scale.
2.在实际中，即使完全的
专业化在经济上有利，
也可能永远不会发生。

In reality, however,
complete specialization
may never occur even
when it is economically
advantageous.
3.配额或者说数量限制
是最常见的非关税壁
垒。

Quotas or quantitative
restrictions are the
most common form of
non-tariff barriers.
4.有形贸易指货物的进
出口贸易，而无形贸易
涉及的是国家间劳务
交换。

Visible trade involves
import and export of
goods while invisible
trade involves the
exchange of services
between countries.
5.国家从事的贸易种类是多
样的、复杂的，往往是有形
贸易和无形贸易的混合。

The kinds of trade nations
engage in are varied and
complex, often a mixture of
visible and invisible trade.
Lesson 7
1.包装需按运输的要求进行，
在大多数情况下，卖方明确
知道把货物安全地运到目
的地所需要的包装。

Packing should be made
according to the requirement
of transportation, In most
cases, the seller knows
clearly the particular type
of packing required for
transporting the goods safely
to destination,
2.在许多情况下，应通知买方
在卖方将货物启运之时或
之前安排验货。

除非合同另
有规定，否则买方必须支付
为其自身利益而安排的验
货费用。

In many cases, the buyer
shall be notified to go
through the inspection of
goods at or before the time of
shipment.Unless otherwise
specified, the buyer is
supposed to undertake the
charges of inspection thus
incurred for his own sake.
3.进口商可以通过可转让的
运输单据将货物在运输途
中卖给新的买方，这类可转
让单据用起来非常方便。

4
The importer can sell the goods to a new buyer while they are being carried by means of negotiable for shipping documents which are very convenient for use.
4.在所有条款中，买卖双方各自的义务排列在10项标题下。

Under all terms, the respective obligations of the parties have been grouped under 10 headings.
5.2000年对国际贸易术语解释通则的修改考虑了无关税区的发展，商务活动中电子通讯使用的增加，以及运输方式的变化。

The 2000 revision of Incoterms took account of the spread of customs-free zones, the increased use of electronic communication, and the changes in transport practices. Lesson 8
1.合同依法实施，未能履行合同义务的一方可能受到起诉，并被强制做出赔偿。

Contract is enforceable
by law, and any party
that fails to fulfill his
contractual obligations
may be sued and forced
to make compensation.
2.口头业务协商指的是面对面的直接谈判或通过国际长途电话进行的商谈。

Oral negotiation refers
to direct discussions or
business discussions
through international
trunk calls.
3.买方发出的询盘是为
了获得拟定购商品的
有关信息，它对发出询
盘的人无约束力。

Enquiries which made
by the buyers to get
information about the
goods to be ordered is
made without
engagement on the
part of the enquirer.
4.有效期对于确盘是必
不可少的。

在规定的时
间之前，或在被对方接
受或拒绝之前确盘一
直是有效的。

The validity period is
indispensable to a firm
offer. An offer is
considered open until
after a stipulated time
or until it is accepted
or rejected.
5.还盘是对发盘的拒绝，
一旦作出还盘，原报盘
即失效而失去约束力。

It is a refusal of the
offer which will be
invalid and unbinding
once a counter-offer is
made.
Lesson 9
1.对销贸易一般是与有
关国家的政策目标相
互联系的，如应对汇短缺和
扩大出口之类的问题。

Counter trade is often
associated with policy
objectives of relevant
economies like dealing with
foreign exchange shortages
and promotion of exports.
2.实质上，反向贸易指的是各
种货物和服务的直接交换。

Actually, counter trade
refers to direct exchange of
various goods and services.
3.回购贸易和互购贸易之间
另一个重要的区别在于回
购贸易一般比互购贸易要
延续更长一段时间。

Another important
difference between counter
purchase and buyback is
that a buyback deal usually
stretches over a longer
period of time than a
counter purchase deal.
4.在正常的市场交易中，由于
使用货币及市场手段，货物
的买与卖是分别进行的。

In normal market
transactions Buying and
selling of goods are
unbundled, Because of the
use of money and the
market.
5.尽管有很多好处，反向贸易
可能是风险很大的事。

Though there are many
advantages, counter trade
can be very risky business.
6.在其他贸易方式中还有加
5
工贸易、寄售、租赁贸易、代理等。

Among other modes of trade are processing trade, consignment, leasing trade, agency etc.
Lesson 10
1.在国际贸易中进出口双方都面临风险，因为总存在对方不履约的可能。

In international trade,
both the exporter and the
importer face risks as
there is always the
possibility that the other
party may not fulfill the
contract.
2．为处理国际贸易中的不同形势，各种支付方法便发展了起来。

Various methods of
payment have been
developed to cope with
different situations in
international trade. 3．许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的，汇票是对银行或顾客的支付命令。

A lot of international
transactions are paid for
by means of the draft,
which is an conditional
order to a bank or a
customer to pay a sum of
money to someone.
4．即期付款交单要求进口商立即付款以取得单据。

D/P at sight requires immediate payment by the importer to get hold of
the documents.
5．就出口商而言，即期
付款交单比远期付款交
单有利，付款交单比承兑
交单有利。

So far as the
exporter’s interest is
concerned, D/P at
sight is more
favourable than D/P
after sight, and D/P is
more favourable than
D/A.
Lesson 11
1.在国际贸易中几乎不
可能使付款和实际交
货同时进行。

In international trade
it is almost impossible
to match payment with
physical delivery of the
goods.
2.信用证付款方式对买
卖双方都提供保障。

Payment by means of
letter of credit offers
security to both the
seller and the buyer.
3.现代信用证在19世纪
后半叶开始采用，第一
次世界大战后得到了
实质性的发展。

Modern credits were
introduced in the
second half of the 19th
century and had
substantial
development after the
First World War.
4.要么因为信用证金额过大，
要么因为对开证行不完全
信任，出口商有时可能需要
保兑的信用证。

Sometimes the exporter
may require a confirmed
letter of credit either
because the credit mount is
too large, or because he
does not fully trust the
opening bank.
5.信用证的形式、长短、语言
和规定各不相同。

Letters of credit are varied in
form, length, language, and
stipulations.
Lesson 12 *
1. 信用证按其作用、形式和机
制分作不同的种类。

Letters of credit are
classified into different
types according to their
function, form, and
mechanism.
Letters of credit fall under
several categories
depending on their
function, form and
mechanism.
2. 光票信用证主要用于非贸
易结算，而在商品贸易中一
般使用跟单信用证付款。

Clean letters of credit are
mainly used in non-trade
sentiment,while
documentary credits are
generally used in
6
Commodity trade.
Clean credit is generally used in non-trade settlement or in payment in advance by means of the L/C.
3. 在即期信用证情况下，提示汇票和正确无误的单据后便立即付款。

In the case of sight credits, payment can be made a promptly upon presentation of draft and impeccable, shipping documents.
Under a sight credit, payment is made upon presentation of the draft and impeccable documents.
4. 远期信用证显然要使用远期汇票。

付款期限可为30天、60天甚至可长达180天。

A usance credit obviously calls for a time draft, and the usance varies from 30, 60,to as long as 180 days.
A sight credit calls for a sight draft. The usance varies from 30, 60, 90 days to as long as 180 days.
5. 如果信用证可以由原受益人转让给另一个或几个人，那么这种信用证即为可转让信用证。

原受益人称作第一受益人，接受转让的人称
作第二受益人。

A letter of credit,is
called transferable if it
can be transferred by
its original beneficial
to one or more
parties.The original
beneficiary is called
the first beneficiary,
and the party the
credits is transferred to
is called the second
beneficiary.
If a credit can be
transferred by the
original beneficiary to
one or more parties, it
is a transferable credit.
The original
beneficiary is called
the first beneficiary
and the party the
credit is transferred to
is called the second
beneficiary.
6. 对于一笔具体交易来
说，信用证不一定是最
理想的付款方式。

缔约
双方应根据具体情况
作出最好的选择。

The letter of credit
may not be the most
ideal method of
payment for a
particular transaction,
and the contracting
parties should make
their best choice
according to the specific
conditions.
Lesson 13 *
1.在国际贸易中使用正确的
单据很重要，否则进口商提
货时会遇到困难。

It's very important to use
correct documents in
international trade, otherwise
the importer will have
difficulties in taking delivery
of the goods.
The use of correct
documents is very
important in international
trade, or the importer will
have difficulties in taking
delivery of the goods.
2．商业发票，一般称“发票”，
这种单据对货物的质量和数
量以及单价和总价进行概括
性描述。

The commercial invoice,
generally called the invoice
makes general description of
the quality, quantity, unit
price, and total value of the
goods.
The commercial invoice is
generally called “the invoice”,
this document is the general
description of the quality and
quantity of the goods and the
unit and total price.
3．货物在运输过程中可能发
生风险损失，需要办理货物保
7
险。

It is necessary to insure the goods against the possible risks they are exposed to in the course of transportation. 4．已装船提单表明货明已实际装上开往目的港的承运船只。

An on board bill of lading indicates that the shipment has been actually loaded on the carrying vessel bound for the port of destination.
5．清洁提单指货物在表面状况良好的情况下装船，这意味着提单上未加任何有关包装或货物外表不良的批注。

A clean bill of lading is one which states that the goods have been shipped in apparent good order and condition, which means it is devoid of any qualifying remarks about the packing and the outer appearance of the goods.
Lesson 14
1．毫无疑问，一个没有先进的运输系统的社会仍然是
一个原始落后的社会。

There is no doubt that a
society without an
advanced transportation
system remains primitive. 2．这些方式在运作特点和性能方面不同，从而使它们
各有比较优势和劣势。

五
种运输方式分别是：水路、
铁路、公路、管道及
航空。

The modes differ in
terms of operation
characteristics and
capabilities, giving
them comparative
advantages and
disadvantages. The
five major modes are
water, rail, truck,
pipeline and air.
3．过去10年，公司自己
提供运输能力的倾向
越来越大。

The past decade has
seen an increasing
tendency among
business firms to
provide their own
transportation
capability.
4．作为一个社会，我们
现在的生活比完全自
给自足时要富裕，更
消闲。

As a society, we enjoy
a richer and more
leisurely life than we
would be in a totally
self-sufficient
community.
5．最近几年运输能引人
注目的另一个因素就
是越来越多的使用零
库存系统。

这种系统
是以公司保持很少数
量的生产投入的生产
方式为基础的。

Another factor that has
thrust transportation into
the limelight in recent
years is the growing
utilization of just-in-time
inventory systems, on the
basis of a production
approach in which the
firm maintains very small
quantities of production
inputs.
Lesson 15
(1) 保险是一种风险转移机
制。

通过保险个人或企业可以
将生活中一些不确定因素转
移给其他人。

Insurance is a risk transfer
mechanism, by which the
individual or the business
enterprise can shift some of
the uncertainty of life to the
shoulders of others.
(2) 即使是在这种情况下，大
多数公司宁可付已知的费用
即保险费来转移风险，而不愿
面对不确定的风险损失。

Even under these
circumstances, most of the
firms prefer to pay a known
cost or premium for the
transfer of risk, rather than
face the uncertainty of
carrying the risk of loss.
(3) 对企业来说损失的价值
要比个人高很多。

因此保险费
用也比一栋房子或一辆车高
出许多。

In the case of
business enterprises, the
values exposed to loss are
8
usually much higher and the premium charged is substantially higher than that for a house or a car.
(4) 企业投保的主要刺激是他们可能腾出资金，进行其他项目的投资。

The main stimulus to the enterprise is the release of funds for investment in the production of other items. (5) 因此，货物保险是一种目的在于把风险从进口商和出口商的肩上转移到专门承担风险的保险人一方的活动。

Therefore, cargo insurance is an activity aiming at moving the burden of risk from the exporters and importers to the underwriters.
Lesson 16
(1) 没有可保利益的保险合同是无效的。

而任何根据这类合同提出的索赔都不会被受理。

An insurance contract withou t an insurable interest to sup port it is invalid and any clai m made upon it will not be en tertained.
(2) 尽管错误的陈述是无意的，但保险人还是受到欺骗。

从而保险合同无效。

Even though the mis-stateme nt is unintentional, the under writer will still be deceived a nd the policy voidable. (3) 将受损失人的利益恢复到损害发生前的状况的合同就是保险合同。

A contract of insurance is
one which restores a per
son who has suffered a lo
ss into the same position
as he was in before the lo
ss occurred.
(4) 赔偿金额一般包括发
票金额加上运输费用及
保险费再加上一个商定
的百分比，如10%。

The compensation payab
le generally includes the i
nvoiced cost plus freight,
the insurance premium,
and an agreed percentag
e, say 10%.
(5) 如果投保的险别不是
造成损失的直接原因，保
险公司不予赔偿。

The insurance company
will not entertain the clai
m if the risk covered is n
ot the proximate cause of
the loss.
Lesson 17
1. 第一次世界大战以前，
金本位制建立了固定
汇率制，每个国家通过
将本国货币与黄金挂
钩来确定其货币的平
价。

Before the First
World War, the gold
standard created a
fixed exchange rate
system as each
country pegged the
value of its currency
to gold to establish its par
value.
2. 1944年44国在美国布雷顿
森林举行会议签署了协议，
计划在世界贸易和货币方
面实现更好的合作。

In 1944, 44 nations held a
conference at Bretton
Woods, U.S.A and sign an
agreement to create better
cooperation on world trade
and currency.
3. 弹性汇率制从没有真正地
“干净”或自由地浮动过。

因
为中央银行为了稳定汇率
采取了各种措施对货币价
格进行干涉。

The flexible exchange rate
system has never been
clean float or free float.
The central banks take
various measures to
intervene in the price of its
currency in order to
stabilize the exchange rate
4. 在特定条件下，提高利率可
以吸引国外短期资金，提高
一国的外汇汇率。

Under specific conditions,
high interest rate will
attract short-term
international fund,
increasing the exchange
rate of one’s own
currency.
5. 外汇汇率有三种形式，即：
买进汇率、售出汇率和两者
的平均值——中间汇率。

There are three types of
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exchange rate, i.e. the buying rate, the selling rate and the average of the two-the medial rate.
Lesson 18
1、这些机构的共同目标是通过把发达国家的资金输送到发展中国家帮助这些国家提高生活水平。

The common objective of these institutions is to help raise standards of living in developing countries by channeling financial resources to them from developed countries.
2、国际复兴开发银行的资金有相当大一部分来自它的留存盈余以及偿还贷款的不断流入。

A substantial contribution to the IBRD’s resources comes from its retained earnings and the flow of repayments on its loans.
3、该银行的贷款是向处于经济和社会发展较高阶段的发展中国家提供的。

The loans of this bank are directed toward developing countries at more advanced stages of economic and social growth.
4、国际货币基金组织旨在向那些在付款方面有困难的基金会员国提供中期贷款。

The purpose of IMF is to provide medium term loans to those members with payment difficulties.
5、为了承担这项使命，
多边投资担保机构向投
资者提供担保以防范非
商业性风险，向发展中成
员国政府提供咨询，并为
国际商业界与东道国政
府就投资问题安排对话。

To carry out this
mandate, MIGA offers
investors guarantees
against noncommercial
risks; supply advice to
developing member
governments, and
sponsors a dialogue
between the international
business community and
host governments on
investment issues.
Lesson 19
1、对外直接投资是国际
投资的主要方式，一国居
民为进行督控和经营能
过对外投资获取另一国
的资产。

Foreign direct
investment is the major
form of international
investment, whereby
residents of one country
acquire assets in a
foreign country for the
purpose of controlling
and managing them.
2、控制成本是一些企业
进行对外投资的主要动
机之一。

而降低生产成本
是考虑的一个重要方面。

Controlling cost is the first
major motivation for
engaging in FDI. And
lowering production costs is
an important consideration.
3、直接在国外经营提高一个
公司产品的能见度，使当地客
户对他们所购买的商品更加
放心。

Operating directly abroad
enhances the visibility of a
firm’s products, making local
customers feel more assured
about the things they buy.
4、即时库存管理系统的引进
能最大限度地降低库存从而
提高经营效率。

The introduction of JIT
inventory management
system can minimize the
inventory to increase
efficiency.
5、国外直接投资主要有三种
形式：建立新企业、购买现有
设放和建立合资公司。

FDI is mainly practised in
three forms: building new
enterprises, purchasing
existing facilities and forming
joint ventures.
Lesson 20
1、选择权是指在特定的时间
内按规定的价格购买或出售
一种证券的权利。

Options are contracts giving
the right to buy and sell a
security at an agreed price
within a particular period of
time.
10
2、未挂牌证券市场是为了满足已经确立了地位的，但是较小的，而且不太成熟的公司的需求而建立的。

The Unlisted Securities Market is created to meet the needs of established, but smaller, less mature companies
3、政府满足公共部门借贷需求的方法之一就是出售金边证券。

One of the ways the government meets the Public Sector Borrowing Requirement is by selling gilt-edged stocks.
4、通过为证券的发行和交易提供中心市场，股票交易所长期为政府、工业以及投资商的需求服务。

The Stock Exchange has long served the needs of government, industry and investors in providing the central market place for the issue and trading of securities 5、国际股票交易所提供了一种途径，使人们的存款能够为那些需要资金的人所利用。

The International Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.
Lesson 21
1、关贸总协定体系（现为世界贸易组织）是通过一系列的贸易谈判或回合发展起来的，它最初有三个基本目标。

The GATT system (now
WTO) was developed
through a series of trade
negotiations or rounds it
originally had three basic
goals.
2、加入世界贸易组织对
中国有益，因为它将促进
中国的改革和发展，提高
商品和服务质量，降低商
品成本和服务费用，刺激
投资和创造就业机会，改
善法则。

China’s WTO accession
will benefit China
because it will help
advance its reform and
development, improve
the quality and reduce
the cost of goods and
services, spur investment
and the creation of news
jobs, and promote the
rule of law.
3、世界贸易组织的主要
目的是为了促进自由贸
易、进一步减少贸易壁垒
并建立更有效的贸易纠
纷解决机制。

The WTO dispute
settlement system is the
most active one today at
the international level
and has tremendous
importance for the
progressive development
of international law.
4、WTO争端解决机制是当
今国际水准上的最为活跃的
体系而且对国际法的持续发
展具有重大意义。

The WTO dispute settlement
system is the most active one
today at the international
level and has tremendous
importance for the
progressive development of
international law
5、尽管中国取得了很大的成
就，但仍然面临世大的挑战。

一部分挑战和竞争来自于农
业、银行业和保险业，还有一
部分来自于一些国家所采取
的贸易保护主义措施。

Despite all the achievements,
China still faces big
challenges. Some of the
challenges and competition
are from the agricultural
sector and banking and
insurance industries. And
some are caused by the
protectionist measures in
some countries.
Lesson 22
（1）尽管第一次会议没有制
定出具体目标，联合国贸易和
发展会议的总任务是制定、协
商和实施改善发展进程的措
施。

Although no specific
objectives were laid down at
the first conference, the
general function of UNCTAD
is to formulate, negotiate and
implement measures to
improve the development
11
process.
（2）在没有有效协议的情
况下，一旦出口收入下降，应
立即采用强制的自动的补救
措施。

In the absence of effective agreements, compulsory and
automatic compensatory
measures should be
introduced as soon as there is
a decline in export earnings.
（3）实际上西文国家在使
低收入国家繁荣起来的同时，
其对这些国家的出口将增加，
因此也能获得经济效益。

Indeed, the western
nations would also have an
economic interest in bringing
greater prosperity to the
low-income countries, since
their exports to these
territories would thus be
stepped up.
（4）国际经济新秩序主要
是要求发达国家提供更多的
现金和贸易方面的优惠。

The new international
economic order consists
mainly in a demand for more
cash and trade concessions
from the developed countries.
（5）贸易和发展理事会是
联合国贸易和发展会议的常
设机构。

A Trade and Development
Board is the permanent organ
of the Conference.
12。