初中语法数词讲解

数词
数词分为基数词和序数词两种，基数词表示人或事物的数量，序数词表示人或事物的次序。

注：数词与不定代词、冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词等被称之为限定词。

一、基数词和序数词
基数词序数词
0 zero
1 one first/1st 第一
2 two second/2nd 第二
3 three third/3rd 第三
4 four fourth/4th 第四
5 five fifth/5th 第五
6 six sixth/6th 第六
7 seven seventh/7th 第七
8 eight eighth/8th 第八
9 nine ninth/9th 第九
10 ten tenth/10th 第十
11 eleven eleventh/11th 第十一
12 twelve twelfth/12th 第十二
13 thirteen thirteenth/13th 第十三
14 fourteen fourteenth/14th 第十四
15 fifteen fifteenth/15th 第十五
16 sixteen sixteenth/16th 第十六
17 seventeen seventeenth/17th 第十七
18 eighteen eighteenth/18th 第十八
19 nineteen nineteenth/19th 第十九
20 twenty twentieth/20th 第二十
21 Twenty-one twenty-first/21st 第二十一
22 Twenty-two twenty-second/22nd 第二十二
23 Twenty-three twenty-third/23rd 第二十三
30 thirty thirtieth/30th 第三十
40 forty fortieth/40th 第四十
50 fifty fiftieth/50th 第五十
60 sixty sixtieth/60th 第六十
70 seventy seventieth/70th 第七十
80 eighty eightieth/80th 第八十
90 ninety ninetieth/90th 第九十
100 hundred hundredth/100th 第一百
基数词的构成和用法
（1）最基本的基数词如下表所示：
one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven
twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen
twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety
（2）基数词的写法
① 21～99 的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“－”。

例：
◇ 21 twenty－one ◇ 32 thirty－two
◇ 98 ninety－eight ◇ 99 ninety－nine
② 101～999的三位数，百位数和后面的数之间用连词and，百、千等数词一律用单数形式。

例：◇ 101 one hundred and one
◇ 225 two hundred and twenty five
◇ 999 nine hundred and ninety－nine
③ 1000以上的数，从后面向前数，每三位中间点“，”，第一个“，”前为thousand，第
二个“，”前为million，第三个“，”前为billion。

例：
◇ 2，567 two thousand five hundred and sixty－seven
◇ 3，018 three thousand and eighteen
（3）基数词的用法
①作主语。

例：
◇ Ten is a very important number．十是一个很重要的数字。

◇ Two and three are （is）five．2加3等于5。

②作定语。

例：
◇ One kilometer is equal to two li．1公里等于2华里。

◇ She has three brothers．她有三个兄弟。

③作宾语。

例：
◇ I wanted three but he gave me five．我想要三个，但他给了我五个。

◇ I get up before six every day．我每天六点之前起床。

④作表语。

例：
◇—What time is it？几点钟啦？
—It’s ten．十点。

（4）疑难点
hundred，thousand和million在合成数词中一般用单数形式，但是用来表示不定数目时，用作复数形式。

例：◇ Hundreds of workers will go on strike．
◇ Thousands of people are swimming in the river．
此时hundred，thousand等词前没有数词修饰，且通常其复数形式与of 连用。

序数词的构成与用法
（1）序数词的构成
①一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。

例：
◇ four ＋th → fourth ◇ six ＋th → sixth
◇ seven ＋th → seventh ◇ ten ＋th → tenth
②下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。

例：
◇ one → first ◇ two → second ◇ three → third
◇ five → fifth ◇ eight → eighth ◇ nine → ninth
◇ twelve → twelfth
③十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y变成i，然后再加eth。

例：
◇ twenty → twentieth ◇ thirty → thirtieth
◇ forty → fortieth ◇ ninety → ninetieth
④两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。

例：
◇ twenty－one → twenty－first
◇ thirty－five → thirty－fifth
◇ a hundred andfifty－three → a hundred and fifty－third
（2）序数词的用法
①序数词在使用时，一般加上定冠词。

例：
◇ the first book ◇ the second floor
◇ the third day ◇ the fourth week．
②序数词在多数情况下都用作定语，有的也可以作表语、主语和宾语。

例：
◇ The may 1st is Labour Day．五月一日是劳动节。

◇ My room is on the second floor．我的房间在二楼。

◇ The first is larger than the second．（主语）第一个比第二个大。

◇ Read the book from the first．（宾语）从开头读这本书。

◇ You’ll be the sixth to write．（表语）你将是第六个写的。

③序数词的前面可以加上不定冠词，用来表示“再一”，“又一”的意思。

例：
◇ You may have a third try．你可以第三次尝试。

时间表示法
①时间都由基数词表示。

例：
◇ It’s nine．现在九点。

◇ It’s not five yet．还不到五点。

有时后面要加o’clock，但在口语中通常省略。

②几点几分表示法有两种形式。

A．倒读法：与汉语顺序不同，先读“分”后说“点”。

30分钟以内，用“分钟数”＋past ＋“钟点数”表示“几点过几分”，超过30分钟，用“分钟数”＋to＋“下一个钟点数”表示“差几分到几点”。

15分钟也可以用a quarter，30分钟也可以用a half。

例：
◇ 2：15 a quarter past two ◇ 2：45 a quarter to three
◇ 1：55 five to two ◇ 7：05 five past seven
◇ 5：35 thirty five past five ◇ 9：30 half past nine
只有指几点钟整时才用o’clock，如ten o’clock，但不可以说seven past ten o’cl ock．
B．顺读法：与汉语顺序相同，连用两个基数词，第一个表示“点钟”，第二个表示“分钟”。

◇ 5：40 five forty ◇ 2：30 two thirty ◇ 1：15 one fifteen
这时的15和30不能用a quater, a half代替。

日期表示法
①年的读法：用基数词，分成两位一读。

例：
◇ 1949 nineteen forty－nine ◇ 1840 eighteen forty
②月份的名称首字母要大写。

例：
◇ January ◇ February ◇ March ◇ April
③日期用序数词表示，前面可加the，也可以省略。

例：
◇ 5月4日May （the）fourth
◇ 10月1日October （the）first
④年、月、日的顺序：在英语中，按月、日、年的顺序来读。

例：
◇ 1949年10月1日October （the）first nineteen forty－nine
◇ 1999年5月1日May （the）first nineteen ninety－nine
表示在“在某年、在某月”用介词in，如in2000，in September，表示“在某日”用介词on，如on July 8。

（5）编号的读法
①表示“第几课（部分，章或节）”时，用序数词时，前面一定要加冠词；用基数词时，不用冠词，但语序与汉语相反。

例：
◇ lesson one → the first lesson
◇ part three → the third part
②当数字较长时，通常用基数词。

例：
◇第219页page 219 （two one nine）◇第306号房间room 306 （three o six）
◇第六路公共汽车bus number six
◇电话号码885316 telephone number 885316 （eight eight five three one six）
（6）分数、小数和百分数的表示法。

分数：分数分子用基数词，分母为序数词。

分子为一时，分母为单，分子大于1，分母用复数。

One fourth 1/4 three fourths或three-fourths 3/4（连字符可用可不用）
小数：均用基数读出。

0.02 zero point o two
百分数：用per cent/percent 表示。

3% three percent
注：在带有分数的词组作句子的主语中，其后的谓语单复数形式要根据分数后面的名词的数决定。

考题点击1
It is not rare in _____ that people in ____ fifties are going to university for further education.
A. 90s, the
B. the 90s, /
C. 90s, their
D. the 90s, their
题解：表示“几十岁”；用in one’s + 数词复数，如：He began to work in his teens.
表示"年代"，用in +the +数词复数；
考题点击2
____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth, is
B. Two fifth, are
C. Two fifths, is
D. Two fifths, are
题解：分数和百分数作主语时，关键是看其后的名词来决定其谓语动词的数。

该题中的是不可数名词，所以动词需用单数。

提醒：表示百分之几或几分之几的人或物，记住一定要加of。

如：百分之三十的学生，要说30% of the students.
巩固练习：将下列句子译成英文。

1.百分之四十的学生戴眼镜。

_________________________________________________________________
2.三分之二的钱花在食物上。

_________________________________________________________________
考题点击3
Americans eat ______ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A. more than twice
B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as
D. more than twice as many
题解：（倍数表示法）
主+谓+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. (+ n.) + as I have three times as many as you.
三、倍数的表达方式
1. 主+谓+倍数+ as +形容词/副词（原级）+ as +比较对象。

This bridge is three times as long as that one . 这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。

2. 主+谓+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than+比较对象
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。

This room is two times bigger than that one．这个房间比那个（房间）大两倍。

3. 主+谓+倍数(分数)+ the size (weight，length…) +of+比较对象
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。

4. 主+谓+ junior (senior)+ to+比较对象
He is five years senior to his younger brother.他比他弟弟大三岁。

5.主+谓+倍数+ what引导的从句
The college is twice what it was 5 years ago. 这所大学是它五年前的两倍。

数词练习题
基础型
用适当的数词完成下列句子:
1. One h_______ years is a century(世纪).
2. Thursday is the f_______ day of the week.
3. Autumn is the t________ season of the year.
4. Christmas is on December the t_______ each year.
5. Letter H is the e______ letter in the alphabet(字母表)。

6. There are t_______ months in a year.
7. My brother is just 20. Today is his _____(20岁) birthday.
8. _______ (三分之二)of the fish have been sold out.
提高型
1.–What date is it?-It’s _______.
A. the May fourth
B. the fourth of May
C. fourth May
D. May four
2.My good friend Zhangying studies at ______ Middle School.
A. 16
B. the 16
C. 16th No.
D. No.16
3.His uncle has lived at _______ for ten years.
A. No.103 Xinhua Street
B. 103 Xinhua Street
C. Xinhua Street 103
D. Xinhua Street No.103
4.Please wait here. I’ll be back in _______ hours.
A. two and half a
B. two and a half
C. half and two
D. two a half
5.China is _______ larger than the United States.
A. one six
B. one sixt h
C. one sixes
D. a sixths
6.Two ______ died of cold last winter.
A. hundreds old people
B. hundreds old peoples
C. hundred old people
D. hundred old peoples
7.999 reads nine hundred ______.
A. and ninety ninth
B. and ninety-nine
C. ninety and nine
D. and nine nine
8.Our teacher told us to write a _________ composition(作文).
A. two-thousand-word
B. two-thousand-words
C. two thousands words
D. two-thousands-word
9.Henry is ______ tallest in their class.
A. three
B. the three
C. third
D. the third
10.Would you like to try _______ time?
A. two
B. second
C. a two
D. a second
综合型
1.When spring comes, _______ trees are planted in our city.
A. millions of
B. a million of
C. two millions
D. million of
2.The number of the girls in our school ______ more than six ______.
A. are; hundreds
B. is; hundred
C. are; hundred
D. is; hundred
3.The world population will past ______billion by the end of ______century.
A six; twenty B. sixth; twentieth C. six; the twentieth D. the sixth; the twenty
4.John began to learn Japanese by himself in _____.
A. the fifty
B. the fifties
C. his fifty
D. his fifties
5.–When were you born?
-I was born ______.
A. in 1988 June 6
B. on June 6, in 1988
C. in June 6, 1988
D. on June 6, 1988
6.–What’s the English for 12:30?-It’s _____.
A. twelve and thirty
B. one to thirty
C. twelve thirty
D. a half past twelve
7.Most English people have _____ names: _____ name, a middle name and the family name.
A. three; first
B. three; a first
C. the three; the first
D. the third; one first
8.The library in the school isn’t large. There’re only _____ books in it.
A. six thousand, five hundred and forty-one
B. six thousands and five hundreds and forty-one
C. six thousands, five hundred forty and one
D .six thousand, five hundreds and fourth-one
9._____ of the world’s books and newspapers are written in English.
A. Three quarter
B. Three of quarters
C. Third fourths
D. Three fourths
10.In _____ Marx began to learn Russian.
A. a 1870
B. the 1870
C. the 1870’s
D. his 1870
11.Today we’re going to learn the _____ lesson.
A. twenty
B. 20
C. twentieth
D. twentyth
12.–How deep is the hole?-It is _____.
A. four metre deep
B. four metres deep
C. four-metre deep
D. four-metres-deep
13.By the end of last year we had planted about five _____ trees.
A. hundred
B. hundreds
C. hundred of
D. hundreds of
14.We’ve planted _____ trees in the centre of our city this year.
A. hundred
B. two hundreds
C. hundred of
D. hundreds of
15._____ books must be produced for the children.
A. Many thousands
B. Many thousands of
C. Many thousand of
D. Many thousand
16.There are _____ days in June and _____ day is Children’s Day.
A. thirteen, first
B. thirty; the second
C. thirty; the first
D. thirteen; the first
17._____ trees are planted every year.
A. Thousand
B. Thousand of
C. Thousands
D. Thousands of
参考答案：
考题点击：1 D
2 C 40% of the students wear glasses.
Two thirds of the money was spent on food.
3C
练习题：
基础型：1. hundred 2.fifth 3.third 4.twenty-fifth
5. eighth
6.twelve
7. the twentieth
8.Two thirds
提高型：1-5BDACB 6-10 CBADD
综合型：1-5ABCDC 6-10CAADB 11-15 CCADD 16-17CD。