2021高考英语一轮统考复习第二部分专题一第8讲非谓语动词课件新人教版

2．感官动词＋宾语＋宾补 感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾 语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)：
doing sth.看见……
正在做某事 宾语与宾语补足语
see＋
do sth. 看见……
(2)常被不定式修饰的名词有：chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right, attempt, plan, evidence等，常表同位关系。
③He had no chance to go to school before 1949. 在1949年前他没有上学的机会。 ④Do you have the ability to read and write in English? 你有用英语读和写的能力吗？
[注意] 若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则要在该动词后加适当的介 词。
I have no pen to write with. 我没有写字用的钢笔。
2．现在分词作定语 (1)现在分词形式的主动式(doing)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑 上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动或进行。 ①Recently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused a heated debate among citizens. 近来，一个把两家不同超市里的相同商品的价格做比较的调查引发了 市民的激烈讨论。
第8讲 非谓语动词
考点透析
考点一 非谓语动词概述及非谓语动词作定语 一、非谓语动词概述 非谓语动词又叫非限定动词，它也是动词的一种，与谓语是相对的概 念。非谓语动词是指在句中不是谓语的动词，包括不定式、动名词和分词 (现在分词和过去分词)，它除了不能独立作谓语外，是可以承担句子其他成 分的。
非谓语动词的形式、意义及句法功能
[注意] (1)having been done与done作状语时没有明显区别，可以互 换，但having been done不能作定语和宾补，强调时间先后，而done有时只 强调被动关系。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词，只表示完成，不表示被动，如：fallen leaves落叶。
(3)有时过去分词只表示被动而不强调时间性。 The boy was running along the street, followed by a dog. 这个男孩正沿着街道上跑，后面跟着一只狗。 Having eaten at the Cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again. 蒂娜以前在这个自助餐厅吃过以后，再也不想去那儿吃了。
二、非谓语动词作定语 1．不定式作定语 不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之 间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。 (1)表示将来的动作时，根据需要不定式可用主动或被动形式。 ①His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 他下个月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。 ②I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 我借了一些假期读的书。
than store prices. ⑧Did you see the young man being questioned (question) by the police?
考点二 非谓语动词作宾补 1．常见的非谓语动词作宾补的结构：“动词＋宾语＋宾补”，而在考 查过程中，经常见到的一种结构是其被动结构“be done to do” My mother allowed me to watch TV after finishing my homework in the evening.(主动语态) →I was allowed to watch TV after finishing my homework in the evening. (被动语态)
[注意] 现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别： 1现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的动作，二者是逻辑上的主谓关 系。动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途，二者不存在逻辑上的 主谓关系。
2动名词作定语只能置于被修饰词的前面，而现在分词作定语有时可 前置，有时可后置，尤其是现在分词短语作定语时要后置。
⑥There are still many problems to be solved (solve) before we are ready
for a long stay on the Moon. ⑦Prices of daily goods bought (buy) through the Internet can be lower
3．使役动词＋宾语＋宾补
do sth. 让……做某事
1make＋宾语与宾语补足语之间为主动关系 宾语＋ done让……被做
宾语与宾语补足语之间为被动关系
2have＋
宾语＋
do sth. 使……做某事
doing sth. 使……持续
做某事
宾语与宾语 补足语之间 存在主动关 系
done使……被做/遭受宾语与宾语
补足语之间存在被动关系
[注意] 1在以上省去to的不定式作宾补的结构中，若变为被动语态， 需将省去的不定式符号to补出来。
He made his workers work 12 hours a day.主动 →His workers were made to work 12 hours a day.被动 他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。 2have还可以用于“have sth. to do/to be done”结构中，其中have作 “有”讲，用不定式作定语。 I have something urgent to inform you. 我有很紧急的事要通知你们。
3．过去分词形式作定语 过去分词形式(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系，表示 该动作的被动或完成。 ①Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 建于1911年的清华大学是无数杰出人物的摇篮。 ②The question discussed(＝which was discussed) yesterday is important. 昨天讨论的问题是重要的。
(2)现在分词被动式(being done)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关 系，表示该动作的被动和进行。
②The houses being built are for the teachers. 正在建的那些房子是给老师们的。
(3)现在分词形式作定语相当于一个定语从句，强调经常性状态或动作 的进行。单个词通常要前置，短语要后置。
她喜欢听李先生的课，所以她总是第一个来最后一个走的学生。
(4)在表示有要做的事情时，通常用不定式作定语，不定式与被修饰词 之间为被动关系。
⑥—Do you have anything to be typed, sir? —No, thanks. ——先生，你有东西要打印吗？ ——没有，谢谢。 ⑦There is a lot of work to do. 有许多活要干。
我妈妈允许我晚上做完作业后看电视。 因此，在熟练掌握主动语态结构的情况下，更要注意被动语态中补语 的结构。 常见的动词有：ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。
之间存在主动关系
宾语＋
做了某事
done看见……被做宾语与宾语补足语之
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间存在被动关系
①I heard her sing an English song just now.(主动，完成) 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。 ②I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动，正在进行) 昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。 ③To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.(被动，无时间性) 为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽可能多地听英语。
a swimming boy＝a boy who is swimming一个正在游泳的男孩现在分词 作定语
a swimming pool＝a pool for swimming 游泳池动名词作定语
即时练1 单句语法填空 ①There is no need to build (build) a dam across the small river. ②Her eagerness to work (work) will please the boss. ③I want to buy a brush to paint with . ④He was reading a book written (write) by Mark Twain. ⑤The man talking (talk) to Tim is his uncle.
③John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter offering him it.(＝定语从句John ... the official letter which/that offers him it.)
约翰的确得到了这份工作，因为他给我看了提供他工作的正式信函。
(3)名词或代词由序数词或最高级修饰，再被非谓语修饰时，一般用不 定式作定语，表主谓关系。
⑤She likes to listen to Mr Li's lessons, so she is always the first student to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)
to do sth. 使……做某事 宾语与宾语
doing sth. 使……开始做 补足语之间存
3get＋宾语＋ 某事
在主动关系
done使……被做宾语与宾语补足语
之间存在被动关系
①He got me to post the letter for him. 他让我替他寄信。
②Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles. 亚历山大努力使他的工作被医学界认可。 ③The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。 ④I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow. 我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。
[注意] 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：doing和done。doing表示正
在进行；done表示已经完成。
boiling water
正在沸腾的水
boiled water
开水
developing countries
发展中国家
developed countries
发达国家
4．动名词作定语 动名词作定语时常置于被修饰词之前，用于说明事物的用途或性能。 a walking stick ＝ a stick (which is used) for walking拐杖 a washing machine＝a machine (which is used) for washing 洗衣机 a reading room＝a room (which is used) for reading 阅览室