主动语态表被动

主动表被动
大家都知道，用被动语态（形式）来表达被动意义，但有些句子却用主动形式表达被动意义，下面我们就来总结一下常见的用主动形式表示被动意义的几种形式。

一、一些表示内在性质或性能的动词的主动形式表示被动意义，这种动词可分为如下几类。

1）联系动词（如：feel, taste, sound, smell, look等）用主动形式表示被动意义。

如：
This material feels very soft. This apple tastes good.
但是，当上述动词不用作系动词，作实意动词时，则不具有这种用法。

如：
His heart was felt still beating. Pepper can be tasted in the soup.
2）表示保持某种状态的动词：keep, remain, stand, sit, lie, last等。

如：
The house has stood empty for months.
3）表示变成某种状态的动词：become, get, turn等。

如：Don’t get your new trousers dirty. 4）表示证明和结果状态的动词：prove, turn out等。

如：
As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.
5）表示适合状态的动词：fit, suit等。

如：The shoes don’t fit me.
6）表示拥有状态的动词：belong to, have等。

如：This dictionary belongs to me.
二、在某些“形容词＋不定式”的结构中, 不定式有被动意义, 与句子主语构成动宾关系。

1）n. ＋be＋adj. ＋to do
The question was very difficult to answer. The job is very easy to do.
2）n. ＋be＋too＋adj. ＋to do
The thing is too small to see. I was too excited to say a word.
3）n. ＋be ＋adj. ＋enough to do
The box is light enough to carry. The book is cheap enough to buy.
三、在“主+谓+宾+to do”句型中，不定式作句子宾语的定语时，该不定式与句子宾语也存在动宾关系，所以该不定式也必须用主动形式表示被动含义。

如：
1）Today we have many exercises to do. In the past, they didn’t have enough food to eat.【注意】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较：
I have something to type now. (指自己打字) I have something to be typed now. (指请人打字) 2）不定式用于某些双宾动词(如give, show, buy, lend, get等)的直接宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是直接宾语前的间接宾语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义：
Give the children some magazines to read now. Mary lent me some novels to read.
【注意】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是直接宾语前的间接宾语，则应用被动式。

比较：He will show you the path to the park. 他将告诉你去公园的道路。

He will show you the room to be used as the meeting-room.
他将带你去看看用作会议室的房间。

3）在“with ／without ＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，若宾语补足语是不定式（作定语），不定式所表示的动作将要发生，且句子的主语是该动作逻辑上的执行者，此时不定式须用主动式。

如：
With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time．Without anything to do，he turned off the lights and went to bed．
四、动词need, want, require表示“需要时”，后接动名词或不定式的被动式表示被动意义。

如：Your room needs cleaning/to be cleaned. My house requires repairing/to be cleaned.
五、一些表示“开始、结束、移位、运转”意义的动词。

如begin, start, end, stop, drive, ride, remove, run, change等的主动形式可以表示被动意义。

如：
The meeting will begin at nine. The tap stopped up.水龙头被塞住了。

六、有少数动词，如cook, do, owe, print等的主动结构也可以表示被动意义。

如：
The fish is cooking. This paper prints well.
七、在"be worth doing"短语中，动作与主语之间存在动宾关系，用主动形式表示被动意义。

如：This book is well worth reading 这本书很值得一读。

八、不定式to blame, to let, to seek的主动形式也表示被动含义。

如：
He is to blame. The house is to let. A better way is yet to seek.还得找一种更好的办法。

九、介词结构表示被动
介词under构成的短语，如果它的宾语是表示动作的名词，通常含有被动意义，意为“在……过程中”。

该介词结构可使句子言简意赅，避免过多地使用被动语态。

Your suggestion is still under discussion . The house under repair is our library .常见的这类under短语还有：under attack在进攻中，under arrest在关押中，under consideration在考虑中，under construction在建设中，under contact在联系中，under discussion在讨论中，under examination在审查中，under investigation在调查中，under repair在修理中，under review在审议中under treatment在医治中，under trial在受审中
十、还有一些介词，如in , on , for , above , beyond , past , out of , within等，也可以构成表示动作的介词短语。

如：
The writer has finished writing his novel but it is not yet in print . (= ---being printed)
Grapes from XinJiang are on sale. (= ---to be sold)
His virtue is above all praise. (= ---can’t be praised completely) 他的美德赞颂不尽。

The fell ow’s insolence is beyond endurance. (= -can’t be endured)这家伙傲慢无礼，叫人受不了。

His car was out of control. (= ---could not be controlled) 那部汽车失去了控制。

练习: 选择填空。

1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to __________.
a. sit
b. sit on
c. be sat
d. be sat on
2. I'm hungry. Get me something __________.
a. eat
b. to eat
c. to be eat
d. for eating
3. It is difficult for a foreigner __________ Chinese.
a. write
b. to write
c. to be written
d. written
4. I have no more letters __________, thank you.
a. to type
b. typing
c. to be typed
d. typed
5. The car is rather difficult __________.
a. to repair
b. to be repaired
c. repairing
d. being repaired
6. He was nowhere __________.
a. to see
b. to be seen
c. seeing
d. seen
7. She had no money __________ a birthday present for their children.
a. to buy
b. to be bought
c. bought
d. buying
8. We waited for the work __________.
a. done
b. being done
c. to do
d. to be done 答案: 1—5BBBAA 6—8 BAD。