(完整版)高考英语专题语法训练——主谓一致和特殊句式

专题4主谓一致和特殊句式

考向1主谓一致

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.Fast food is(be) full of fat and salt；by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017·全国Ⅰ)

解析根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语，故填be的第三人称单数形式is。

2.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is(be) often acceptable.(2016·全国Ⅱ)

解析本句的主语为动名词短语leaving the less...，动名词短语作主语谓语要用第三人称单数形式，且这里说的是一个客观事实，故要用is。

Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)

1.He would ask who we was

were and pretend not to know us.(2016·浙江)

解析who引导的宾语从句中主语是we，谓语应用复数。

2.Hard work have

has made him very ill.(2013·辽宁)

解析work为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。

3.Finally，there were

was a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.(2013·陕西)

解析There be句型中be动词应该与其后主语a sudden pull在数上保持一致。

考向2特殊句式

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.It could be anything—gardening，cooking，music，sports—but whatever it is，make(make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.(2016·全国Ⅱ)

解析第二个破折号之后为but连接的并列句，whatever it is是让步状语从句，主句为祈使句，所缺词是主句的谓语动词，应使用动词原形。

2.It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.(2015·湖南)

解析分析句子结构可知此句为强调句，并且强调的是时间状语，故用that。

Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)

1.I couldn’t believe my luck—not only did I had

have my photo taken with him，but he signed his

name on my shirt！(2011·陕西)

解析考查倒装句的谓语结构，“did＋主语＋动词原形”，故had应改为have。

2.After we left，I said，“That was very nice of you，Mother.But I didn’t think she looked like

Grandma.”“Neither did me

I，” said Mother cheerfully.(2010·浙江)

解析“neither＋助动词＋主语”结构中，主语应该用主格形式，故me应改为I。

◆主谓一致的核心考点

1.就近一致原则

(1)由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。

Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.

(2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。

Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.

2.意义一致原则

(1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况

①表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。

Politics is his favorite subject.

②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。

Do you know when the United Nations was set up?

(2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况

表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The police are searching for the murderer.

(3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定

①集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.

②“the＋形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。

The poor were looked down upon in the old days.

3.语法一致原则