专八听力常用速记符号
英语速记缩写词和符号
一些常用的速记缩写词和符号大于＞小于＜小于或等于≢大于或等于≣等于、意味着=不等于≠约等于≈遗憾、悲哀;高兴、荣兴(错误、否、不、否定×正确、对、好、肯定√不同意N同意Y上升、增加↑下降、减少↓强、好＋更强、更好＋＋弱、差－更弱、更差――因为∵所以∴优秀★属于↔胜利V问题、疑问？和、与＆结论是=＞将来; 过去<促进、发展↗国家□国与国□/□原因←导致、结果→对立、冲突><波折＜＜会议、会面⊙进入∩接触、交往∞分歧⊥非常、十分重要**坚持≡关键！有关@替换为∽与……比较而言‖空洞○代表△口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。
记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。
人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。
顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。
影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。
即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。
因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。
做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum), ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually),等。
英语速记符号大全
Equal: = diameter:θ boost, improve, enhance, strengthen: ↑triangle, delta: ∆ plus: + pressure, influence: minus: -approximately, about, nearly, around, almost: ≈ times: ╳as always, at all times: ≡ divided by: ÷ into: → degree: ℃contact, exchanges: ∞ percent: % conflicts, disputes, contradictions: >＜per thousand: ‰ twists and turns: ＜＜ between: ∣∙∣belong to, is of, of: ∈ because, because of, due to: ∵victory, win, success: V therefore, so , as a result, consequently: ∴by, with, %, in: / as always, hold on, persist, insist on: ≡is (much) greater/bigger/ larger/ faster/quicker/ heavier/ older than/ superior to/ surpass: >wonder, miracle: ! about: @is (much) less/ smaller/ lighter/ younger/ fewer/ inferior to / worse than: ＜on one hand: / on the other hand: / varies as, in direct proportion to: ∝relation, relationship: & parallel, is parallel to: ∥future: ↗right angle: ∟ not agree: N perpendicular(垂直的), is perpendicular to:⊥agree: Y circle, circumference: 〇 fine, good: + ellipse(椭圆): 0better, much better: ++ in conclusion: ＝＞ bad, weak: ╳empty: Οworse, weaker: - representative, delegation: ∆ sterling, pound: ₤Australian dollar: #A US dollar: US$ Austrian schilling: Schrenminbi: RMB/ ¥ Canadian dollar: Can$缩略词的写法的四种方式：（一）拿掉所有元音（二）、保留前几个字母（三）保留开头和结尾的发音字母（四）根据发音。
英语听力速记符号
英语听力速记符号一、字母和缩写1. A - 代表“always” 总是2. B - 代表“because” 因为3. C - 代表“can’t” 不能4. D - 代表“don’t” 不要5. E - 代表“everything” 每件事6. F - 代表“friend” 朋友7. G - 代表“goodbye” 再见8. I - 代表“if” 如果9. J - 代表“just” 只是10. K - 代表“known” 知道二、数字和数学符号1. # - 代表“number” 数字2. × - 代表“multiply” 乘法3. / - 代表“divide” 除法4. + - 代表“plus” 加法5. - - 代表“minus” 减法6. < - 代表“less than” 小于7. > - 代表“greater than” 大于8. = - 代表“equals” 等于9. ( - 代表“open parenthesis” 开括号10. ) - 代表“close parenthesis” 闭括号三、标点和符号1. , - 代表“comma” 逗号2. . - 代表“period” 句号3. ? - 代表“question mark” 问号4. ! - 代表“exclamation mark” 感叹号5. ; - 代表“semicolon” 分号6. " - 代表“quotation marks” 双引号或单引号7. ' - 同上，也是引号的意思8. : - 同上，也是引号的意思9. & - 代表“and” 和10. * - 代表“star” 星号或乘号的意思四、图像和图形1. @ - 可以代表“at the” 在某处或某个时间点前2. @@ - 可以代表重复前一个符号或单词3. ~ - 可以代表“wave” 波浪形状，也可以表示声音的延长。
英语速记符号
2021/8/6
24
I am very happy that the Chinese Provincial Trade Delegation is here attending the opening ceremony of the US Science and Technology Exhibition. My warmest welcome goes to our Chinese friends from the other side of the planet. This exhibition is a display of recent Hi-Tech achievements in the United States.
•
Co(company),
•
eg(for example),
•
etc(and so on),
• esp(especially),
• ie(that is),
• max(maximum),
• min(minimum),
• ref(reference),
• std(standard), usu(usually),
2021/8/6
18
• (2)今晚，我们很高兴在北京大学再次接待我们的 老朋友格林博士和夫人。// 我代表学校的全体师生员工向格林博士和夫 人及其他新西兰贵宾表示热烈的欢迎。//
我相信格林博士这次对我校的访问，必将为
进一步加强两校的友好合作关系作出重要的贡献。
//
明天，贵宾们将要赴南京和上海访问，我预 祝大家一路旅途愉快。
2021/8/6
8
其它缩略词
• S = sum f = frequency dept = department
Lbofma听力速记符号汇编-适合雅思听力、高级口译
秋风清，秋月明,落叶聚还散,寒鸦栖复惊。
听力速记符号汇编常用速记箭头汇编g1．表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.2．表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.3．表示屈服：submit tof1．表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.2．表示追溯到：come/go back to，originateh1．表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.2．表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.3．表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen，promote, etc表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.常用速记数学符号汇编：+表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2)表示“多”的比较级：more+3表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 1．表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.2．表示“高” 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 1．表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc.2．表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc.=1．表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.2．表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( )表示“在......之间”：among, within, etc.≠1．表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.2．表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so，approximately, etc./表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.1.Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily.A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
英语专八专用听力速记符号
专八英语听力速记专用符号1、数学符号+ ：plus and in addition++(+2)：more+3：most－：minus lack i×：“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念√：correct good positive affirmative）> ：（bigger/larger/greater< ：less/smaller/fewer than≥：≤：= ：≠ ：≈：?：“属于”（belong to）( )：(among within etc. )∵：∴:⊥: based on…2、标点符号: say speak talk marks announce declare express think etc.? question，doubt! dangerous warning alarming alert hazardous jeopardy w…3、图形符号☆ important，exemplary⊙ meeting meet conference discussion negotiation），□ 国家□/□ 国与国∪因形状看起来像酒杯，表示值得庆祝的“协议”、“协定”、“条约”或“合同”（agreement accord treaty contract）。
因此，“双边协议”、“三边协议”或者“多边协议”就可以分别在∪里面加上2、3或者m（多）.>< 对立、冲突＜＜波折∩? 进入∞? 接触、交往⊥? 分歧≡? 坚持！? 关键!? 奇观@? 有关∽? 替换为○? 空洞△代表表示“和”，“与”：and，together with，along with，accompany，along withｅ謚rther more，etc.＃表示“结束”：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill /stop etc.∟ 加在动词下表示“过去”、“ …过”或“ …了”」加在动词下表示“将来”※特征、特点（feature character characteristic symbol sign exemplify）∧领导♀ female♂ male…4、箭头符号↑ 表示“上升”、↓ 表示“减少”、← 原因→ 导致、结果5、惯用符号（缩写）(1) 常用字母c表示“世纪”（century），比如“21世纪”可以写成21ce表示“经济”（economy economic economics）n表示“很多个”（many much several）…(2) 英文缩写(适用于高频词)○1保留前几个字母Com：Edu：e.g.：info：IOU：I/O：ASAP:AMAP：TEL:Max：Min：Esp:…○2 拿掉所有元音MKT:MSG:STD:RCV:AD:DEPT:STD:…○3保留开头和结尾的辅音字母WK：…○4根据发音R：U：UR：THO：THRU：。
英语速记符号完整版用于听力和笔记
1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples: custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/关于缩略词一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
57个常用速记符号
常用速记符号大于＞小于＜小于或等于≤大于或等于≥等于、意味着=不等于≠约等于≈遗憾、悲哀;高兴、荣兴(错误、否、不、否定×正确、对、好、肯定√不同意N同意Y上升、增加↑下降、减少↓强、好＋更强、更好＋＋弱、差－更弱、更差――因为∵所以∴优秀★属于↔胜利V问题、疑问？和、与＆结论是=＞促进、发展↗国家□国与国□/□原因←导致、结果→对立、冲突><波折＜＜会议、会面⊙进入∩接触、交往∞分歧⊥非常、十分重要**坚持≡关键！奇观!有关@替换为∽但是‖与……比较而言∥空洞○代表△口译笔记的功能是：第一、具有辅助短时记忆的作用，避免遗忘漏失。
第二、透过图像、版面与符号的交错运用，笔记具有语段逻辑分析与保存的功能，能将语篇的段落整理清楚并保存一段时间。
笔记是口译讯息整理与保存的工具，运用这项工具时必须先了解到底笔记的内容是什么。
缩减练习中已经提到，建立新架构的必要讯息是5W1H「六何」（何人、何事、何时、何地、何物、如何）。
再加上，数字与专有名词就是了。
在讯息内容之外，还要进一步掌握的就是讯息内容之间的关系。
讯息关系内容说明方法运用段落的顺序显示出语篇或语意的段落画线或排列表示逻辑的关系祝贺、谢词、欢迎、感想运用笔记符号表示强弱的程度表达状语等修饰词，如「极为」、「少许」、「经常」、「偶而」等在右上角用1-2个+ -！？等表示变化的情形升高、降低、波动、剧变运用＜＞↗↘↑→等表示一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
英语听力速记符号 总结
1．表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.2．表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.3．表示屈服：submit to1．表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.2．表示追溯到：come/go back to，originate1．表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.2．表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.3．表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen，promote, etc表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.常用速记数学符号汇编+表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of,etc.++(+2)表示“多”的比较级：more+3表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage ofetc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 1．表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/morethan/better than, etc.2．表示“高” 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 1．表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc.2．表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc.=1．表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say，in otherwords，the same as，be equal to, etc.2．表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor,counterpart, etc.( )表示“在......之间”：among, within, etc.≠1．表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.2．表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so，approximately,etc./表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc. APT apartmentACC accountantACDG accordingACPT acceptAD advertisementADS addressADV adviseAMAP as much as possibleAMT amountAPV approveASAP as soon as possibleBAL balancceBLDG buildingCERT certificateCFM conformCNCL cancelCNF conferenceCMI commissionCMPL completeCMPE competeCMU communicationCONC concernCOND conditionCO. companyDEPT departmentDISC discountDRT departureEXCH exchangeEXPLN explainEXT extent一、缩略词（缩略词的写法一般为四种方式）拿掉所有元音MKT marketMGR managerMSG messageSTD standardRCV receive保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeIOU I owe youI/O In stead of保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your reference GD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home office INFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP（T）ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS Insurance INTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS（BL）PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityⅠ箭头→ export to, send to ,cause(导致)，arrive in/atEg.: 我今天下午到达北京I → BJ at 6:00 pm d.← import, receive(from),come back(from)↑ increase, rise develop, promote, grow, expandEg.: this company keep expanding (↑)↓decrease, decline, bomb(爆炸) ，dropⅡ数学用符号＋plus, and, in addition to ,further more(而且，此外，更近一步说) Eg.: there are five students plus ten teachers attending(旁听)5stus＋10tea－minus, lack× wrong, incorrect, bad＞more than, greater, more and more, superior to＜less than, smaller, fewer, inferior to≥ more than or equal to≤ less than or equal to≠ be not match for…Eg.: jack ≠ Brandy jack 不是Brandy 的对手≈around, almostEg.: 这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下自行车≈＄500∵because of, owing to ,due to , thanks to∴so, thereforeⅢ其它。
听力速记符号
° people or person
Eg:中国人和美国人 (中°＆US °) ⊙ meeting, conference, negotiation □ state, country Eg：2个国家 (2□) △ stand for, on behalf of Eg.:我代表你 (I △U) ︰ say, speak, tell, think • opinion, ideas, thought, point Eg.:就这个问题，我想说几点。( I 想︰几• )
Байду номын сангаас
( ) including Eg.:包括我在内，有5个人参加了这次会议。 ( 5 °→ ⊙(me) ) >< conflict (冲突，对立) ⊥ dispute, difference, divergence (分歧) ∥ compare with (与…相比) ‖ but, however • y 去年 y • 明年 • • y 前年 y • • 后年 • d 昨天 d • 明天 • • d 前天 d • • 后天 • m 上个月 m • 下个月
Key to Exercises of Unit 7 on Page 69
• 1. Ca. cngrssm R.C. 今：reelctn • 2. win → mandt → plan →私ize postl sys $3 trillion: savs, insur progs ↓ 大ist finan insti. • 3. 去 Ger elctn end ← polls 开 今 race close SPD & CDU campgn →last min.
英语听力常用速记符号
符号类
< less than / smaller / fewer / inferior to ≤ no more than > more than / bigger / greater / superior to ≥ no less than ≈ approximately / around / about / almost = equal to ≠ not equal to / not match for * important ** very important × wrong, bad √ right, good
听力记笔记时常用的符号.doc
Symbols:Most symbols are taken from mathematics. Some of the most useful are givenin the list below. Note the variety of meanings that one symbol can convey,and that those pressing a verb or verb phrase do not show tense.+ and, plus－less, minus= is, equals, consists of, is the same as, there is≠is not, does not equal, does not consist of, isdifferent from≡is equivalent to> is greater than, is more than, is over< is less than→gives, produces, leads to, provides, results in, isre-written as←is given by, is produced by, results from, comesfrom↗rises, increases by, grows to/by↘falls, decreases by, declines∴therefore, so∵because, as, since@ at: indicates example(s) following( ) used around explanation of a point°degrees' minutes, feet" inches or ditto marks - i.e. repeat the word aboveBUT but, however, althoughAbbreviations:pl. platepred. predictprob. problempt pointreg. regularr m roomsev. severalshd shouldsimul, simultaneously, at thesame timesoc. society, socialsol. solutionstim. stimulustemp. 1. temperature2. temporarytens. tensiontrop. tropictyp. typicalusu. usual(ly)wd would缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST InterestedI/O In stead of IOU I owe you IVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL Model MEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN Minimum MKT MarketMSG Message NCRY Necessary NLT No later than OBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD Ordinary PAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS Please POSN Position POSS(BL) Possible PROD Product QLTY Quality QUTY Quantity RCV ReceiveREF Reference REGL RegularREP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Responsible SEC SectionSITN SituationSTD Standard TEL Telephone TEMP Temporary TGM Telegraph THO Though TKS Thanks TRD Trade TRF Traffic TTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT Weight XL Extra large。
英语听力速记符号总结[1]
![英语听力速记符号总结[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/b5e1acc528ea81c758f57870.png)
Ⅰ箭头→ export to, send to ,cause(导致)，arrive in/atEg.: 我今天下午到达北京I → BJ at 6:00 pm d.← import, receive(from),come back(from)↑ increase, rise develop, promote, grow, expandEg.: this company keep expanding (↑)↓decrease, decline, bomb(爆炸) ，dropⅡ数学用符号＋plus, and, in addition to ,further more(而且，此外，更近一步说) Eg.: there are five students plus ten teachers attending(旁听)5stus＋10tea－minus, lack× wrong, incorrect, bad＞more than, greater, more and more, superior to＜less than, smaller, fewer, inferior to≥ more than or equal to≤ less than or equal to≠ be not match for…Eg.: jack ≠ Brandy jack 不是Brandy 的对手≈around, almostEg.: 这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下自行车≈＄500∵because of, owing to ,due to , thanks to∴so, thereforeⅢ其它。
people or personEg.: 中国人和美国人中°＆US °⊙meeting, conference, negotiation(谈判)□ state, countryEg.：2个国家2□＆and△ stand for, on behalf ofEg.:我代表你I △U︰say, speak, tell, think.Eg.:我想说我爱你I 想︰I U？question, doubt, confusion.Eg.: 我有个问题想问你。
专八听力常用速记符号
c.f. : exampledept:departmentmax:maximummin:minimumbkgd:backgroundgvt :government// :parallel<---:as a result / consequence of--->: resulting in= :equal to / same as*: importantmsg:messagestd:standardrcv:receivewk:weekrm:roomad:advertisementz:people/personco:and so onesp:especiallyie:that is≈:about, approximate, or so,↑:increase↓:decrease∈:belongV:victory↗:development>< conflict, confrontation＜＜:difficulty⊙:conference, meeting∞:disagreement, discrepancy∽:in stead of△:stand for?：question∧:but, however( )：among, within, etctm:time∵:by reason that, because, owing to, inasmuch as; on the score of;in so much as; considering that; nowthat∴:therefore, so; consequently+ :many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. (++(+2)：more, +3：most)－:little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.×：wrong/incorrect，something bad√:right/good>：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, superior to，surpass, etc.<：less/smaller，inferior to，etc.=:means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.:：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.. (dot)这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示twomonth ago。
速度记号
(网摘)---速度记号---Largo 最缓板Aentoq 缓Adagio 慢板Larghetto 甚缓板Andamtte 行板Andantino 小行板Moderato 中板Allegretto 稍快板Allegro(All"o)Moderato 中庸的快板Allegro 快板Allegro Assai 很快的快板Allegro vivace 活泼的快板Vivace 甚快板（活泼的）Presto 急板Prestissimo 最急板Piu allegro 速度转快Meno allegro 速度转慢Piu mosso 更快Poco a poco 逐渐地Accelerado=accel渐快Ritardando=rit. 渐慢Rallentando=Rall.渐慢A tempo 原速，速度还原Tempo primo=Tempo I原速，速度还原全曲速度Adagio 柔板；从容的；悠闲的Largo 广板；宽广的；庄严的Lento 慢板；慢慢的Pesante 慢速度；沉重的（每个音用一些重音）Larghetto 小广板；比Largo稍快；较快的小广板Grave [法] 庄板；慢而庄严的；严峻的Andante 行板；徐缓；行进的Andantino 小行板；比Andanto稍快；较快的行板Moderato 中板；适中；节制的Moderatamente 中等的；中庸的Presser [法] 匆忙；“赶”Presto 急速的Vivo 活泼；生动地；充满活力的Vivace 活跃的；快速的；敏捷的Vivacissimo 最急板；十分活跃地；非常爽快地Allegro 快板；欢快地；较活泼的速度Allegretto 小快板；稍快；比allegro稍慢的速度Presto 急板；迅速地Prestissimo 狂板；最快；极急速的临时转换速度a tempo 速度还原Accelerando 渐快Affrettando 再快一些Stringendo 加紧加快Piu allegro 更多的加快突快Piu mosso 更快些被激动了的ad libitum (ad lib) [拉丁] 速度任意Dcppio movimento 加快一倍Stretto 加速紧凑些Incalcando 加急渐快并渐强Precipitano 突然加快匆忙的急促的Ritardando (Rit) 渐慢突慢Ritardato 放慢了的Piu 更；更多的Piu lento 更慢的Meno 少些；减少Meno moss 慢些（少快点）Allargando 逐渐变得宽广并渐强（通常用在曲尾）L"istesso tempo 当基本拍子改变时，速度不变---力度记号---pp pianissimo 最弱p piano 弱mp Mezzo piano 中弱mf Mezzo forte 中强f Forte 强ff Fortissimo 非常强cresc. 渐强Crescendo 渐强< 渐强decresc. 渐弱Decrescendo 渐弱> 渐弱dim Diminuendo 渐弱poco 稍微、略piu 更、愈>^.Accento 加强地，突强，特重sf Sforzando 加强地，突强，特重fz forzatoo 加强地，突强，特重rf.rfz.rinf. Rinforzando加强地，突强，特重fp Forte piano 加强地，突强，特重Piano (p) 弱Pianissimo (pp) 很弱Forte (f) 强Fortissimo (ff) 很强Mezzo Piano (mp) 中弱Mezzo Forte (mf) 中强Sforzando (sf) 突强Fortepiano (fp) 强后突弱Pianoforte (pf) 先弱后强Diminuendo (dim) 渐弱Crescendo (cresc) 渐强Ritardando (rit) 渐慢；突慢Calando 渐弱；渐安静smorzando 渐弱并渐慢、逐渐消失（常用于结尾处）Con forza 有力的Con tutta forza 用全部力量、尽可能响亮地---表情记号---Accarezzevole 爱抚的；抚摸着Affetto 柔情的Agitato 激动地；不宁地；惊慌地Aggradevole 妩媚的；令人怜爱的Angoscioso 焦虑不安地；痛苦地Alla marcia 进行曲风格Animato 有生气的；活跃的Bizzarro 古怪的Brillante 华丽而灿烂的Buffo 滑稽的Con brio 有精神；有活力的Cantabile 如歌的Camminando 流畅地；从容不迫地Con grazia 优美的Deliberato 果断的Declamando 朗诵般的Dolente 悲哀地；怨诉地Elegance 优雅的；风流潇洒的Elegiaco 哀悼的；挽歌的Elevato 崇高的；升华的Energico 有精力的Espressivo (espr) 富有表情的Fastoso 显赫辉煌地；华美地Fiaccamente 柔弱的；无力的Fiero 骄傲的；激烈的Flessibile 柔和而可伸缩的Frescamente 新鲜地；清新地；年轻地Fuocoso 火热的；热烈的Gioiante 快乐的Generoso 慷慨的；宽宏而高贵的Giusto 准确的；适当的Grandioso 崇高伟大的；雄伟而豪壮的Imitando 仿拟；模仿Indifferenza 冷漠Innig [德]内在的；深切的Infantile 幼稚的；孩子气的Irato 发怒地Innocente 天真无邪的；坦率无知的；纯朴的Inquielo 不安的Largamente 广阔的；浩大地Leggiere 轻巧的；轻快的Luttuoso 哀痛的Maestoso 高贵而庄严地Marcato 着重的；强调的（常带有颤音）Marziale 进行曲风格的；威武的Mormorando 絮絮低语地Mesto 忧郁的Misterioso 神秘的；不可测的Netto 清爽的；清楚的Nobile 高贵的Pacatamente 平静地；温和地；安详地Parlante 说话似的（常用在急速的乐段）Pastorale 田园的Patetico 悲怆的；哀婉动人的Pesante 沉重的Piacevole 愉快的；惬意的；使人悦愉的Placido 平静的Pomposo 富丽的；豪华的；华贵的Ponderoso 有力而印象深刻的Posato 安祥的；稳重的Pressante 紧迫的；催赶的Risoluto 果断的；坚决的Riposato 恬静的Rustico 乡土风味的；田园风趣的Scherzando 戏谑地；嬉戏的；逗趣的Sciolto 无拘无束的；流畅的；敏捷的Sdegnoso 愤慨的；轻蔑的Soave 柔和的；甘美的Smania 狂怒；疯狂Smorfioso 做作的；买弄的Sognando 梦想的Solennemente 庄严而隆重地Sonoro 响亮的Sostenuto 保持着的（延长音响，速度稍慢）Sotto voce 轻声的；弱声的Spirito 精神饱满的；热情的；有兴致的；鼓舞的Strappando 用粗暴的力量来发音Teneramente 温柔地；柔情地Timoroso 胆却的；恐惧的；畏惧的Tosto 快速的；更近乎（和piu连用）Tranquillo 平静的Trionfante 凯旋的Tumultuoso 嘈杂的；喧闹的Veloce 敏捷的Vezzoso 优美的；可爱的Vigoroso 有精力的；有力的Violentemente 狂暴地；猛烈地Vivente 活泼的；有生气的Vivido 活跃的，栩栩如生的Zeffiroso 轻盈柔和的（象微风般的）。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
专八听力常用速记符号
c.f. : compare e.g. : example dept: department max: maximum
min: minimum bkgd: background gvt : government // : parallel
<---:as a result / consequence of --->: resulting in = : equal to / same as *: important
msg: message std: standard rcv: receive wk: week
rm: room ad: advertisement z: people/person co: company
etc: and so on esp: especially ie: that is ≈: about, approximate, or so,
↑: increase↓: decrease∈:belong V: victory
↗: development >< conflict, confrontation ＜＜: difficulty ⊙: conference, meeting ∞: communication⊥: disagreement, discrepancy ∽: in stead of △: stand for
?：question ∧: but, however ( )：among, within, etc tm: time
∵: by reason that, because, owing to, inasmuch as; on the score of; in so much as; considering that; now that
∴: therefore, so; consequently
+ : many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. (++(+2)：more, +3：most)
－: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.
×：wrong/incorrect，something bad
√: right/good
>：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, superior to，surpass, etc.
<：less/smaller，inferior to，etc.
=: means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.
:：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.
. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。
"y"表示this year, "y2." two year later "next week", 可以表示为"wk."
& ：and，together with，along with，accompany，further more，etc.
1。