红宝书：考研英语十年真题词汇解析(2006年)
2006年考研英语高频词汇汇总
2006年考研英语高频词汇汇总(2-33次)频率为6次的单词access n.进入；入口vt.存取(计算机文件)acquire vt.取得，获得，学到adapt vt.使适应；改编，修改vi.适应additional a.附加的，另外的，添加的aggressive a. [贬]侵略的；[褒]敢做敢为的，积极的amateur n./a.业余爱好(者的)analysis n.分析(报告)apply vi.申请，请求；适用于vt.应用，运用arise vi.出现，发生；引起，起源于；起身assumption n.假定，臆断；担任，承担assure vt.使确信，使放心；确保authority n.权威，专家；权力；(常用pl.)官方，当局avoid vt.避免，避开；预防bias n.偏见；偏袒，偏心vt.使有偏见brief a.简洁的v.简短介绍，简要汇报cash n.现金v.兑现，付(或收)现款challenge vt.向…挑战n.挑战；难题committee n.委员会conflict n.冲突；战斗vi.冲突，抵触consideration n.考虑；体贴，关心constant a.不断的；始终如一的；忠实的n.常数consumption n.消耗量，消费量contact vt./n. (与…取得)联系convention n.大会；协定，公约；惯例convince vt.使确信，使信服，说服cosmic a.宇宙的data n.资料，数据definition n.定义；清晰(度)，鲜明(度)delivery n.交付，投递；分娩；演讲的风格(方式) demonstrate vt.说明,演示；论证；表露vi.游行示威(或集会) deny vt.否认；拒绝给予，拒绝…的要求digital a.数字的discipline vt./n.纪律；学科；训练；惩罚distinction n.差别；区分，辨别；优秀educate v.教育，培养，训练effective a.有效的；事实上的electronic a.电子的emphasis n.强调，重点enable vt.使能够，使可能，使可行error n.错误，差错establish vt.建立，设立，创办；确定extent n.广度，宽度；范围，程度focus v.聚焦 n.焦点，焦距；(活动等的)中心function n.功能；函数vi.运行，起作用fundamental a.根本的，基础的n. (常pl.)基本原则gene n.基因genius n.天才，天赋；天才人物giant n.巨人；才智超群的人a.巨大的humo(u)r n.幽默(感)；脾性，情绪，心情v.使满足，迁就implication n.含意，暗示；牵连improvement n.增进；改进(处)independent a.独立自主的；中立的；无关的influence vt./n.影响(力) n.势力，权势instinct n.本能，直觉；生性，天性intention n.意图，意向，目的invention n.发明，创造；捏造，虚构item n.条款，项目；(新闻等的)一条mechanism n.机械装置；机构；机制observation n.注意，观察；言论；(常pl.)观察数据odd a.古怪的；奇数的；剩余的n.(p1.)可能性offend vt.冒犯；使不舒服；违犯oppose vt.反对，反抗panel n.控制板，仪表盘；专门小组phenomenon n.现象；非凡的人(或物)physical a.物理(学)的；物质的；身体的potential a.潜在的，可能的n.潜力，潜能prolong vt.延长，拉长，拖延psychological a.心理(学)的reflect v.反射；反省，深思；反映relevant a.有关的，切题的remark v.评论，谈论；注意到，察觉n.评语，议论，意见requirement n.要求；需要(的东西)respond vi.回答，答复；响应rsponse n.回答，答复；反应，响应responsible a.负责任的；重要的；有责任感的revolution n.革命；旋转，转数rob vt/vi.抢劫，盗取scale n.刻度；级别；规模；鳞；(pl.)天平secure a.安全的，可靠的vt.获得；使安全site n.位置，地点vt.使坐落在，设置status n.地位，身份；情形，状况stock n.库存，现货；股票v.储备 a.常备的stress n.压力，紧张；重音；强调vt.强调；重读sufficient a.足够的，充分的survey n.测量；概括论述；调查sympathy n.同情(心)；支持；(pl.)慰问threaten v. (构成)威胁，可能发生unemployment n.失业(人数)vote vi.投票n.选票；选举；投票总数频率为5次的单词abroad ad.国外，在国外；到处appeal vi/n.呼吁；申诉；(有)吸引力；求助captive n.俘虏 a.被俘虏的；被迷住的infrastructure n.基础结构，基本设施(如运输、动力等) premium n.保险金；奖品 a.高级的；售价高的resign vi.辞职vt.放弃；使顺从span n.跨距，范围v.横越title n.题目，标题；称号，头衔；权益，权利unlikely a.未必的，靠不住的频率为4次的单词abandon vt.抛弃；放弃acknowledge vt.承认；告知收到，致谢addition n.(增)加，加法；附加(物)advertisement n.(登)广告；公告aid n.援助；助手，辅助物(设备) v.帮助，援助annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气，打搅apparent a.表面上的；显然的，明白的appreciate vt.鉴赏；领会；感激vi.增值artificial a.人工的；假的，矫揉造作的assemble v.(人)集合，聚集；(物)装配attribute vt.把···归因于n.属性basis n.基本，根据，原则bid vt.命令；祝，表示 v./n.出价，投标n.企图，努力career n.履历，生涯；职业ceremony n.典礼，仪式；礼仪character n.特征；性格，品质；人物，角色；(汉)字commercial a.商务的；商业(性)的n.商业广告commit vt.将···托付给；使承担义务，献身于；犯(错误) commodity n.商品，货物comparative a.比较的，相对的comparison n.比较；比拟，比喻compensation n.补偿，赔偿conduct vt.指挥；管理；传导n.行为；管理(方式) conference n.讨论，会谈；(正式)会议confidence n.信任，信心，自信；秘密confront vt.遭遇；勇敢地面对；使对质contrast v./n.(形成)对比，对照conventional a.常规的；普通的criminal a.犯罪的，刑事的n.罪犯crisis n.危机，危急关头；关键时刻critic n.批评家，评论家current a.流行的，当前的n.(潮)流；电流；趋势cycle n.循环，周期vi.循环define vt.限定，规定；给···下定义，解释deprive vt.剥夺，使丧失derive v.起源，衍生；追溯···的起源deserve vt.应受，值得，应得device n.装置，设备，器械；手段，策略diminish vt. (使)减少，减小，降低disappear vi.不见，消失discard vt.打出(无用的牌)；抛弃，丢弃easily ad.容易地，不费力地efficient a.效率高的，有能力的employer n.雇佣者，雇主entitle vt.给(书、文章)题名；给···权利(或资格) estimate vt./n. 估计，估量n.评价，看法executive a.执行的，实施的n.董事，行政负责人expense n.花费；(pl.)开支export v./n.出口，输出(品)external a.外部的，外面的，外表的fascinate vt.强烈地吸引，迷住fashion n.方式，样子；流行款式，时装fatal a.致命的；重大的，决定性的flash n.闪光(灯) vi.闪光，闪烁；飞驰，掠过forbid vt.不许，禁止formal a.形式的；正式的formation n.形成(物)，构成former a.以前的，在前的n.前者gross a.总的，毛重的；臃肿的vt.获得···总收入(或毛利) n.总额guarantee n.保证(书) vt.保证，担保happiness n.幸福，幸运，快乐harmful a.有害的hence ad.因此；从此illustrate vt.阐明；(给···作插图)说明imply vt.暗示，含有···的意思indicate vt.指出，指示；表明，示意inevitable a.不可避免的，必然(发生)的injure vt.伤害，损害，损伤intellectual n.知识分子a.智力的，善于思维的intelligent a.聪明的，有才智的internal a.内部的，内地的，国内的；内心的；内在的justify vt.证明···正当(或有理)，为···辩护label n.标签，标记；称号 vt.贴标签于；把···称为manufacture vt.制造，加工 n.制造(业)；产品modify vt.修改，更改；(语法上)修饰monopoly n.垄断(物、商品)，专卖商品mostly ad.几乎全部地，主要地，基本上neglect vt./n.忽视，忽略；疏忽，玩忽network n. [广义]网络，网状物；[狭义]广播网，电视网nevertheless ad.仍然，然而，不过notion n.概念，观念；意图，想法nuclear a.核能的，原子核的；核心的offspring n.(sing.同pl.)子孙，后代，结果originate v.起源于，产生；创造，开创pace n.步(速)，速度，节奏vi.踱步painful a. (引起)疼痛的；困难的politics n. [单数性]政治(学)；[复数性]政纲，政见possess vt.占有，拥有poverty n.贫困，贫穷privilege n.特权，优惠profit n.利润；收益v.有益于；得益promote vt.促进，发扬；提升；推销proportion n.比例；部分；均衡，相称pursue vt.追踪，追赶；从事；追求radical a.根本的；激进(派)的n.激进分子range n.(变动)范围；一系列v.变动；涉及；使排列成行rarely ad.很少，难得reality n.现实，实际；真实register n./v.登记，注册regulate vt.控制，管理；调整，调节reject vt.拒绝；退回n.被拒货品，不合格产品remarkable a.引人注目的；非凡的replace vt.取代；把···放回原处；更换represent vt.象征；描绘；代表restriction n.限制，约束reveal vt.揭露；(事物)展现，显示reward n./vt.报酬，酬金；报答，奖赏rival vt.与……竞争 a.竞争的n.竞争对手scatter vt.撒(播)；使散开，驱散security n.安全，安定，保证skilled a.熟练的，有技能的；需要技能的storage n.储藏(量)，保管；库房strive vi.努力，奋斗，力求style n.风格；式样；时尚 vt.(根据新款式)设计surplus n.剩余，盈余a.过剩的，多余的surround vt.包围；环绕，围绕survival n.幸存(者)，残存物target n.目标，对象，靶子vt.瞄准tendency n.趋向，趋势trace vt.查出；追溯;描摹n.痕迹，踪迹；微量tradition n.惯列，传统transform vt.把···转换成；变换，改革union n.工会，同盟；联合；一致utility n.功用，效用；(常pl.)公用事业valid a.有根据的；有效的visible a.看得见的，可见的，有形的wisdom n.智慧，明智；格言，名言worthwhile a.值得(做)的频率为3次的单词abuse vt./n.滥用；辱骂，虐待acquisition n.获得(物)，取得activate vt.使活动起来，使开始起作用alternative a.两者择一的n.供选择的东西anticipate vt.预料，期望；先于···行动assess vt.估价，评估，评定assign vt.分配，布置；指定；指派，选派assignment n.(分派的)任务；分配，委派associate vi.交往vt.使联想；使联合n.伙伴，同事a.副的attain vt.达到，获得ban v./n.禁止bind vt.捆绑，捆扎；使结合；约束；装订budget v. (编)预算；安排，规划n.预算(拨款)a.合算的，廉价的candidate n.侯选人；应考者casual a.碰巧的；随便的；临时的；census n.人口普查，统计chemical a.化学的n.(pl.)化学制品，化学药品circumstance n.环境，条件，形势；(pl.)境况，状况colleague n.同事，同僚compel vt.强迫，迫使complaint n.抱怨；控告；疾病compose vt.创作，为···谱曲；组成，构成；使平静comprehension n.理解(力)conclusion n.结尾；推论，结论confusion n.混淆；混乱；困惑congress n.代表大会；[C]国会，议会connection n.连接，联系considerate a.体贴的，体谅的contend v.斗争；竞争；主张context n.上下文，语境；环境，背景contrary a.相反的，对抗的n.相反，对立面contribute v.贡献出，捐赠，捐助；投稿counsel v./n.忠告n.法律顾问，辩护人crucial a.至关重要的，决定性的decrease v./n.减少，减小democratic a.民主的，有民主精神(或作风)的dependent a.依靠的，依赖的；取决于dispute v./n.争论，争议disregard vt.不理会，漠视n.忽视，漠视distort vt.扭曲；歪曲，曲解vi.变形distract vt.使分心，转移；迷惑diverse a.多种多样的draft n.草稿，草案；汇票；征兵vt.起草；招募drift vi.漂泊，游荡n.漂流(物)；大意economics n.经济学；(pl.)经济状况，经济因素，经济意义efficiency n.效率，效能，功效endanger v.危及，危害endure v.持续；忍受，忍耐enlarge v.扩大；放大enlighten vt.启发，开导enormous a.庞大的，巨大的，极大的ensure vt.保证，担保，确保equip vt.装备，配备；使有准备equivalent a.等价的；相当的n.等价物essay n.短文，文章establishment n.建立；机构，企业；当权人物evolve v. (使)发展，(使)进化，(使)演变exceed vt.超出；越出excess n.超越；过量，过度 a.过量的，额外的extreme a.末端的；极端的，极度的n.极端，过分fade v. (使)褪色；逐渐消失；凋谢failure n.没做到；失败fiction n. [总称]小说；虚构flourish vi.繁荣，茂盛，兴旺folk n. (常pl.) 人们 a.民间的forecast v./n.预报，预测formulate vt.用公式表示；规划；阐明generate vt.生殖；生产；引起，导致geology n.地质学；地质情况global a.全球的，全世界的；总的，完整的grant n.拨款，授予物vt.授予，同意，准予gravity n.重力；严重；庄重，严肃handle n.把手vt.触摸；操作；处理，对待harm n./vt.伤害，损害，危害helpful a.有帮助的；有益的，有用的hesitate vi.犹豫，踌躇；含糊，支吾highlight vi.使显著，突出n.精彩场面hospitality n.友好款待，好客ideal n.理想的东西(或人)a.理想的；想像的immigrant n.移民，侨民immune a.免疫的；不受影响的；免除的impact n./v.冲击，碰撞；影响，作用import vt./n.进口，输入impose v.把…强加于；征(税)，处以(罚款、监禁) inferior a.下等的，下级的；次的n.下级，晚辈inform vt.通知，报告vi.告发，检举inquiry n.打听，询问；调查instance n.例子，例证，事例instant n.瞬间 a.立即的；紧急的；速溶的instrument n.仪器，器械，工具；乐器insurance n.保险(业,费)interact vi.互相作用，互相影响irritate vt.使恼怒，使烦躁；使疼痛keen a.热心的，喜爱的；敏锐的；锋利的legislation n.法律，法规；立法leisure n.空闲时间，闲暇；悠闲liability n.责任；(常pl.)负债；累赘logical a.逻辑(上)的，符合逻辑的mankind n.人类mathematical a.数学(上)的military a.军事的，军队的n.军方；陆军mode n.方式，式样moreover ad.而且，此外motive n.动机，动因，目的multitude n.大量，许多；民众novel n. (长篇)小说a.新颖的，新奇的oblige vt.迫使，责成；(使)感激，施恩于opponent n.敌手，对手；反对者optimistic a.乐观(主义)的organic a.有机物的，有机体的output n.产量；输出(功率)vt.输出(信息、数据等) phase n. (方)面；阶段vt.分阶段实行(或计划) pollution n.污染precise a.精确的，准确的；严谨的prejudice n.偏见，成见vt.使有偏见；对…不利presence n.出席，存在；仪态primary a.最初的，初级的；首要的，基本的prompt vt.促使，推动；提示a.敏捷的，及时n.提词，提示proof n.证据，证明 a.能防…的propose v.提出；提名，推荐；打算；求婚proposition n.建议，提案；主张；命题outlook n.观点；前景；景色prosperity n.兴旺，繁荣provision n.供应；条款，规定；(pl.)给养random a.任意的，随机的rare a.稀有的；(空气等)稀薄的；(肉)煎得嫩的readily ad.容易地，迅速地；乐意地reckon vt.认为，估计；指望，盼望；测量recovery n.痊愈；重获，恢复reference n.提到；参考(书目)；推荐信(或人)reform vt./n.改革，改良vi.改正，改过自新region n.地区，区域；范围，幅度regret v./n.懊悔，遗憾，抱歉relieve vt.缓解，减轻；使宽慰；接替religion n.宗教，信仰；信念，信条resist v.忍住；抗(病等)；反抗，抵制revolve vi.旋转schedule n.时刻表；清单vt.安排screen n.屏幕，银幕；帘，纱窗vt.遮蔽；播放select vt.选择，挑选 a.精选的；一流的sensitive a.敏感的；神经过敏的；易受伤的significance n.意义，含义；重要性，重大slip vi.滑(倒)；溜走；下降n.疏漏vt.悄悄放进solution n.解答，解决(办法);溶液somewhat ad.稍微，有点spite n.恶意，怨恨stake n.标桩；利害关系；股份；赌注vt.以…打赌，拿…冒险standardize/-ise v.使符合标准，使标准化steer vt.. 引导strategy n.战略，策略stream n.溪流；一股，一串vi.流出substantial a.牢固的；充裕的；主要的，实质性的trail n.小路；痕迹vt.跟踪vi.拖，下垂；(比赛等)失败transition n.过渡，转变transmit vt.播送，发射；传送，传染transport n.运输(系统)，运输工具vt.运输，运送trial n.审讯；考验，试验typical a.典型的，有代表性的underlie v.构成…的基础unexpected a.想不到的，意外的unfortunately ad.不幸地；遗憾的是unknown a.未知的，不知名的unlike a.不同的prep.不像…，和…不同unusual a.不平常的；与众不同的urgent a.急迫的，紧要的vain a.徒劳的，无效的；自负的verify vt.证明，证实via prep.经，通过violence n.暴力；猛烈，剧烈whereas conj.然而，但是，尽管频率为2次的单词abide v.坚持，遵守absorb vt.吸收;使全神贯注；把…并入，同化abundant a.大量的，充足的；丰富的accelerate v. (使)加快，(使)增速accomplish vt.完成，达到，实现accordingly ad.照着(办，做等)，相应地；因此accuracy n.准确(性)，精确(性)accuse vt.指控，指责adopt vt.采用；收养；正式通过，批准advisable a.明智的，适当的affiliate vt.使隶(或附)属于n.附属机构，分公司alcohol n.酒精，含酒精的饮料alternate v. (使)交替，(使)轮流 a.交替的，轮流的；间隔的ambitious a. [褒]有雄心的；[贬]有野心的ample a.足够的；宽敞的annual a.每年的，年度的n.年刊，年鉴application n.申请(表)；应用，实用arbitrary a.专断的，武断的；任意的atistic a.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；精美的assert vt.肯定地说，断言；维护，坚持attach vt.使附属；认为有(重要性等)automobile n.汽车aware a.意识到的，知道的awkward a.尴尬的，棘手的；笨拙的background n.背景；出身，经历balloon n.气球v.像气球般鼓起；激增barely ad.仅仅，只不过，几乎不behalf n.方面，利益besides prep.除…之外ad.而且，还有bound a.受约束的.有义务的v.限制，束缚；跳跃n.(常pl.)界限，限制brake n.闸，制动(器)，刹车bulk n. (巨大的)物体；主体；(大)量capable a.有能力的；敢于…的caution n.小心，谨慎；警告cease v./n.停止，终止channel n.海峡，水道；频道；途径chop v.砍，劈，斩断classify vt.把…分类，把…分级cluster n.串，簇；群，组v.群集coincidence n.巧合，巧事；一致，符合commerce n.商业，贸易communicate vi.交流，通讯vt.传达，传播；传染comparable a.比得上的；类似的compensate v.补偿，弥补，抵消compete vi.竞争，比赛complicated a.复杂的，难懂的concentrate v.集中；聚集；浓缩n.浓缩物confer v.商谈，商议；授予confess v.坦白，供认；承认confine vt.使局限，限制；禁闭n.界限，范围confirm vt.使…坚定；确认；批准conform v.遵守，依照，符合consent vi/n.同意，赞成，准许conservative a.保守的，守旧的n.保守的人，保守主义者consistent a.一致的，符合的；一贯的contemporary a.同时代的；当代的n.当代人contest n/v.比赛；争夺；辩驳contradict vt.与…发生矛盾(抵触)contribution n.捐款；投稿；贡献convenience n.方便，便利(的工具)costly a.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的crack n.裂缝，裂纹，缝隙；爆裂声v. (使)破裂，砸开；(使)发出爆裂声criticism n.批评，批判，指责；评论(文章)criticize/-ise vt.批评，批判；评论，评价deem vt.认为，视为definite a.确切的；一定的，肯定的democracy n.民主(制)；民主国家；民主精神，民主作风dependence n.依靠，依赖desirable a.值得拥有的；可取的，有利的diet n./vi.节食，日常饮食dignity n.庄严，端庄；尊严，高贵disaster n.灾难，大祸；彻底的失败disgrace v.使失宠；玷辱，使蒙羞n.失宠；耻辱disperse v. (使)分散，散开；(使)消散display n./vt.陈列，展览；显示，表现distinct a.不同的；清晰的；显著的distinguish v.区别，辨别diversion n.转移，转向；消遣，娱乐dominate v.耸立于，俯视；占优势；支配doom n.厄运，劫数vt.注定，命定doubtful a.怀疑的，可疑的；未定的drag v.拖，(硬)拉；迫使n.障碍dramatic a.戏剧(性)的，激动人心的；剧本的elegant a.优美的，文雅的；简洁的eliminate vt.排除，消除；淘汰elite n.上层人士，掌权人物，精英embrace vt./n.拥抱，怀抱；包含；环绕encounter vt./n.遭遇，遭到，遇到engine n.发动机，引擎enhance vt.提高，增加，加强enrich vt..充实，使丰富；使富有envy v./n.妒忌，羡慕epidemic n.流行病；流传，盛行 a.流行的，传染的exaggerate v.夸大，夸张exceedingly ad.极其，非常exceptional a.例外的，异常的；杰出的excessive a.过度的，过分的，过多的exhaust vt.用尽，使精疲力尽；详尽论述n.排气装置；废气，废液expand v.扩大，扩充，扩张；膨胀expose vt.暴露，显露；揭露；使处于…作用之下，曝光faulty a.有错误的，有缺点的favo(u)rable a.有利的；赞同的feature n.面貌，相貌；特征，特色vt.突出，由…主演female a.女的，雌的fertile a.肥沃的，富饶的；丰富的fierce a.凶猛的，残忍的；狂热的，强烈的file n.档案，文件vt.归档；把…登记备案finance n.财政，金融；(常pl.)资金vt.为…提供资金flexible a.易弯曲的，柔韧的；灵活的fluctuate vi.波动，涨落，起伏forth ad.向前，向外foundation n.基础，根据；地基；建立frame n.框架vt.表达(思想)；陷害frontier n.边境，边界；(常pl.)前沿，新领域；边远地区frustrate vt.使灰心；挫败，阻挠furious a.狂怒的，暴怒的；激烈的furthermore ad.而且，此外glimpse vt./n.瞥见，看见globe n.地球，世界；地球仪；球体gradual a.逐渐的，渐进的hardship n.艰难，困苦hasten v.赶快，催促hemisphere n.地球的半球；大脑半球host n.主人；节目主持人；军队vt.招待；主持household n.家庭，户 a.家庭的；家用的humble a.谦虚的；卑贱的；简陋的vt.使谦恭，使卑下ignorant a.不知道的；无知的，愚昧的illegal a.非法的，不合法的impression n.印记，压痕；印象，感觉incorporate vt.合并；包含，加上，吸收indicative a.指示的，预示的indifferent a.不关心的；一般的initial a.开始的，最初的n.(p1.) 首字母initiate vt.开始，创始；使初步了解；让…加入initiative n.主动性，首创精神inject vt.注入，引入；(给…)注射injury n.损害，伤害；受伤处input vt./n.输入(物)，输入的数据instal(l) vt.安装，设置；使就职instructor n.教员，指导者intense a.剧烈的；专注的；热情的intensive a.加强的；集中的；深入细致的interfere vi.干涉，介入；妨碍，干扰interior a./n.内部(的)；内地(的)；国内的interval n.间隔，间距；幕间休息invent vt.发明，创造；捏造，虚构invest v.投(资)；投入；授予，赋予isolate vt.使隔离，使孤立jam n.果酱；拥挤；卡住；堵塞；(使)卡住kindness n.仁慈，亲切；好意knot n. (绳等的)结，(树)节；节(航速单位)v.打结laughter n.笑(声)leading a.领导的；最主要的，第一位的likewise ad.同样地；也，又，而且limitation n.限制，限度；(常pl.)局限loan vt./n.贷，借出；贷款lump n.团，块vt. (使)成团，(使)成块magnitude n.巨大，广大；重要性maintenance n.维持，保持；保养manipulate vt.操纵，控制；操作medium a.中等的，适中的n.中间(物)；媒介；手段，工具migrate vi.移居；(候鸟等)迁徙mild a.温柔的；温暖的；轻微的monetary a.金融的，货币的mood n.心情，情绪；(动词的)语气multiple a.多样的，多重的n.倍数municipal a.市(政)的；市立的myth n.神话；杜撰出来的人(或事物)necessity n.必要(性)，(迫切)需要；必需品nerve n.神经；勇气，胆量；敏感处objective n.目标，目的 a.客观的occupation n.占领，占据；工作，职业；从事的活动，消遣optional a.可以任选的，非强制的orient n.东部；东方，亚洲vt.给……定方向；使适应orientation n.方向，目标；适应original a.起初的，原来的；原版的，原件的n.原件，原作overcome vt.克服，制胜，战胜overlook vt.俯瞰；忽视；宽恕overseas ad.在(或向)海外，在(或向)国外overwhelming a.压倒的，势不可挡的owing a.应付的，未付的，欠着的parallel n.类似(物)；平行线 a.类似的；平行的vt.与…相当，比得上paralyze/-yse vt.使瘫痪，使麻痹；使惊愕partial a.部分的；偏心的；偏爱的participant n.参加者，参与者passport n.护照；保障perceive vt.感觉，感知；意识到，理解percentage n.百分比，百分率perplex vt.使复杂化，使困惑，使费解persist vi.坚持不懈，执意；持续，继续存在personnel n.(pl.) 全体人员，全体职员；人事(部门)philosopher n.哲学家，哲人plausible a.似乎有道理的，貌似可信的pop n.流行音乐vi.突然出现，发生；(发出)砰的一声portion n.一部分，一份vt.分配，分给pose n.样子，姿势vt.提出(问题等)；造成，引起vi.摆姿势；假装practically ad.几乎，简直；实际上precede vt.在…之前，先于prescribe v.开(药)，开处方；指定procedure n.程序，手续，步骤productive a.多产的；富有成效的profound a.深奥的，深远的；(知识)渊博的puzzle v. (使)迷惑，(使)为难；(使)苦思n.智力测验；令人费解的事(或人) qualify v. (使)合格，具有资格，胜任；修饰questionable a.可疑的，不可靠的quote v.引用，引证；报…的价n.引语；报价；(p1.)引号rage n.盛怒；[the～]时尚vi.发怒；狂吹；汹涌，盛行rational a.理性的，理智的；合理的raw a.生的；未加工的；原始的；刺痛的rectify vt.纠正，修复reinforce vt.增强，加强，增援relationship n.关系，联系reliable a.可靠的，可信赖的relief n.缓解；轻松，宽慰；调剂remote a.遥远的，偏僻的；脱离的；冷淡的render vt.给予，提供；致使；翻译renew v. (使)更新，恢复；重新开始resent vt.对…表示忿恨，怨恨reserve vt.保留，储备；预定，预约n.储备(物)，储藏量，储备金resort vi.凭借，求助，诉诸n.胜地；求助的对象，采用的手段restrict vt.限制，约束，限定resume v. (中断后)重新开始，继续，恢复retire vi.退休，退役；退下，撤退；就寝retreat vi.撤退，退却revenue n.税收，岁入；收益reverse vi.反向，倒转n.挫折，逆境；对立面 a.反向的，相反的routine a.例行的，常规的n.惯例，惯常的程序rude a.粗鲁的，不礼貌的；粗糙的sacrifice n./vt.献祭，祭品；牺牲，舍身scope n. (活动，影响等的)范围；(发挥能力等的)余地，机会senior a.资格老的；年长的n.(大学)四年级学生sensation n.感觉(能力)；轰动series n.一系列，连续；丛书；连续剧severe a.严重的；严厉的；严峻的；朴素的shortly ad.立刻，不久；简略地，简言之shrink v. (使)起皱，(使)收缩，退缩；(使)减少simplify v.简化，使简易，使单纯sketch n.略图，草图；梗概；素描，速写v.概述，简述；画素描(或速写) split v./n.裂开；分离；分裂squeeze v.挤(出，入，过)；压榨；捏，握n.挤，握；拮据，经济困难stationary a.固定的，静止不动的stimulate vt.刺激，激励stumble vi.绊倒；跌跌撞撞地走；偶然遇到，碰巧找到submit vt.呈送，提交；主张；屈服substitute v.代替n.代用品，代替者subtle a.精妙的，精湛的；微妙的；诡秘的suggestion n.建议，意见；暗示superior n.上级，长官 a.较好的；较高的；有优越感的；卓越的surpass vt.超过；胜过suspicious a.怀疑的，疑心的；可疑的sustain vt.保持；供养，维持(生命等)；支持，支撑；经受，遭受symbol n.象征；符号，标志tax n.税(款)；负担vt.对…征税teenager n. (13～19岁的)少年tempt vt..吸引；引诱，诱惑thorough a.彻底的，完全的；精心的thrive vi.兴旺，繁荣timely a.及时的，适时的trait n.特征，特点，特性transfer v./n. 转移；调动，转车(等)triumph n.胜利，成功；喜悦vi.获胜，成功twin n.(pl.) 双生子，孪生子a.双的，孪生的，成对的undergo vt.经历，遭受undertake v.承担，着手做；同意，保证unique n.惟一的，独特的，独一无二的；极不寻常的，极好的universal a.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的urge vt.鼓励，激励；催促，力劝validity n.有效(性)vanish vi.突然不见，消失；绝迹vary v.变化，(使)不同，呈差异vehicle n.交通工具，车辆；传播媒介，手段virtual a.事实上的，实质上的；虚拟的virtue n.美德，德行；优点，长处virus n.病毒；(精神、道德等)有害影响vital a.生死攸关的，重大的；生命的，生机的volcano n.火山volume n.卷，册；容积，体积；音量witness vt.目击；为···作证n.目击者，(见)证人；证据，证言worthy a.有价值的；值得…的velocity n.速度，速率yield vi.屈服，服从；倒塌，垮掉vt.产生，出产；让出频率为11次的单词learn vt.学会；得知vi.学习；了解频率为10次的单词advertising n.广告宣传；广告业，广告事务affect v.影响；感动benefit n.益处v.有益，得益debate v./n.辩论，争论directly ad.直接地；立即element n.要素；元素；基础；自然环境essential a.必不可少的；本质的n.(常pl.)要素，要点；必需品identify vt.把…等同于；认出，鉴定vi.认同intend vt.想要.打算，企图investment n.投资(额)reasonable a.合理的；通情达理的；公道的；尚好的responsibility n.责任(心)；职责，义务opportunity n.时机，机会personality n.人格，个性；人物private a.私人的；秘密的频率为9次的单词alter vt.改变，变更appropriate a.适当的vt.私占；拨款用boom n.叫喊声；繁荣vi.隆隆作响；迅速增长combine v.联合，化合n.联合企业corporation n.公司，团体enterprise n.进取心，事业心；(企)事业单位federal a.联邦的gas n.煤气；气体；汽油highly ad.高(度)地，非常issue n.问题，争论点v.颁布，出版；分发；流出，发出organization/-isation n.团体，机构；组织体制principle n.原理，原则；信条project n.计划；项目；工程vt.投射，放映；(使)伸出recognize/-ise vt.认出；承认；表彰，报偿specific a.特有的；具体的n(pl.)详情，细节structure n.结构，构造；建筑物vt.构造；安排substance n.物质；实质；内容；根据trend n.趋势，倾向；时新款式，时尚频率为8次的单词activity n.活跃，活力；(常pl.)活动advantage n.优点，有利条件；利益aspect n.外表；(问题等的)方面attitude n.态度，看法；姿势balance v.使平衡，称n.天平；平衡；差额，结余characteristic a.特有的，典型的n.特征claim vt./n.声称，断言；索取comment n.评论，意见vi.评论constitute vt.组成；设立contract v.订(约)；缩小n.合同，包工creative a.创造(性)的，有创造力的culture n.教养，教育；文化；培植，培养historical a.历史(上)的，史学的interpret vt.解释，说明，诠释vi.口译，翻译manner n.方式，方法；态度，举止；风度，礼貌，规矩mass n.大量；团，块; (pl)群众；质量obtain vt.获得vi.通用，流行powerful a.强大的，有力的；强壮的predict vt.预告，预言，预测risk n.风险，危险；冒险vt.冒…的危险robot n.机器人，自动机械shift v.转移；改变，转变n.转换；轮(或换)班species n.种，类频率为7次的单词approach v./n.接近 n.途径；方法argument n.争论，辩论；论点，论据assume vt.假定；承担；呈现blueprint n.计划，蓝图climate n.气候；风气，气氛competitive a. (好)竞争的；求胜心切的；有竞争力的complex a.复杂的；复合的 n.综合体concept n.概念，观念，思想confuse vt.使困惑；混乱，混淆critical a.危急的，决定性的，关键性的；批评(判)的crude a.天然的；生的；粗鲁的emerge vi.出现；发生，显露employee n.受雇者，雇员existence n.存在；生存，生活(方式)innovation n.新方法，新事物；革新interview n./v.接见，会见；面试；采访involve vt.使卷入，使参与；包含，牵涉journal n.定期刊物；日志link v.连接，联系n.环节，联系，纽带manifest a.明显的vt.使显现；证明motion n.运动；手势，眼色；提议v. (向…)打手势，示意obvious a.显然的，明显的performance n.执行；表演policy n.政策，方针；保险单possibility n.可能(性)；可能的事pressure n.压(力)；压迫vt.对…施加压力(或影响) property n.财产，资产；性质，特性prospect n.前景v.勘探，勘察relate vi.有关联；和睦相处vt.使互相关联；叙述resource n.(pl.)资源；谋略source n.源(泉)，发源地；来源，出处suicide n.自杀；自取灭亡频率为33次的单词process n.过程；工序；程序vt.加工，处理频率为26次的单词growth n.增加，增长(量)；生长，发展technology n.工艺，技术theory n.理论，原理；学说；看法，见解频率为25次的单词economy n.经济(制度)，经济情况；节约，省俭频率为23次的单词behavio(u)r n.行为，举止；运转情况频率为21次的单词account n.账(目)，账户；叙述，说明vi.说明(原因等)；(数量、比例方面)占economic a.经济(学)的，经济上的频率为20次的单词individual a.单独的，个人的频率为19次的单词product n.产品，产物；乘积rate n. (比)率；速度，进度；价格，费用频率为18次的单词create vt.创造，创建，创作；引起，产生频率为17次的单词decline vi./n.下降，减少，衰退；婉拒hard a.硬的，坚固的；烈性的；困难的ad.努力地；猛烈地：困难地频率为16次的单词ability n.能力，本领；才能，才智频率为15次的单词professional a.专业的；高水准的spot n.斑点，污点；地点；一点儿vt.认出，发现；玷污tend vi.倾向，趋向于vt.照管，护理view n.眼界；风景；(常用pl.)看法vt.看待；观察频率为14次的单词advocate vt/n.鼓吹(者)，拥护(者)amount n.数量vi.合计；等同community n.团体，社会；界，族；社区;群落concern vt.关联；关心n.企业；焦虑；关心environment n.环境，周围状况factor n.因素，要素intelligence n.智力，智慧；情报likely a.可能的，有希望的ad.可能。
考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解—2006年翻译(下)
考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2006年翻译（下）这是一篇议论文，主要论述了美国的知识分子被他们所在的社会排斥并且不被重视的情况并不属实。
文章通过阐述知识分子的定义来一步一步申明自己的论点。
同样，文章中出现的单词比较简单。
以下是本文中出现的10个，就让我们一起来学习吧！1.12 reveal[rɪ'viːl]v.显示，揭露【词根记忆】：re(away)+veal ( veil面纱)→揭开面纱→揭露【短语搭配】：reveal itself出现【真题例句】：Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental change”or “climate change”have increased rapidly since 2004. 分析表明，论文的数量包括关键字“环境变化”或“气候变化”自2004年以来迅速增长(2013年PartB)。
2.4exclude[ɪk'skluːd]v. 排除【词根记忆】：exl(出去)+clude(close关闭)→排除【短语搭配】：exclude segment排除片段【真题例句】：This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one.这个定义排除了平时提到的知识分子：比如普通科学家。
3. 2accomplishment [ə'kʌmplɪʃm(ə)nt]n.成就，完成【词根记忆】：ac (加强)+com(come共同)+pli(full, fill填满)+ment(名词后缀)→共同填满→完成【短语搭配】：abundant accomplishment丰硕的成果【真题例句】：I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems. 我将一般科学家排除在外是因为，虽则他的成就也许有助于道德问题的解决。
(完整word)【红宝书】《考研英语词汇》必考词
必考词Unit 1dilute 冲淡;削弱，降低；稀释的，冲淡的dim 暗淡的,模糊的；愚笨的；不乐观的diminish 削弱，减少,缩小；贬低，轻视pose 摆姿势，炫耀；提出；陈述；产生,引起，造成；冒充，假扮；姿势;姿态position 位置，地方;地位，身份，等级；职位；姿态；见解，立场，态度;处境,状况；安置;安装；使处于，定位positive 积极乐观的，自信的；确实的，明确的，肯定的;积极的，建设性的；十足的,完全的；优势,优点possess 拥有（某物)；拥有（某种品质或才能）；支配，控制possession 拥有；所有权；财产，所有物amateur 业余爱好者；外行；业余爱好的；外行的amaze 使惊愕,使惊异ambiguous 含糊不清的,模棱两可的，不明确的ambition 野心;雄心，抱负;追求的目标ambitious 有雄心的，野心勃勃的；费力的;耗时的；耗资的;艰巨的bubble 水泡，气泡；幻想的计划budget 预算；财政收支状况；做预算，按计划花钱build 体形，体格，身材；结构;建造，建立business 商业,生意,营业额；任务，职责，公事；企业，公司,店铺，商号compress 压缩；精简，浓缩comprise 包含，包括；构成，组成compromise 妥协，折中conceive 构想出，设想;想象；认为concentrate 集中，专心；浓缩;浓缩物concept 观念，概念conception 概念，观念，计划,意图；设想；怀孕concern 关心，挂念；涉及,关系到concise 简明的,简洁的concrete 具体的,确实的；混凝土；用混凝土修筑conclude 结束，终止；断定，下结论；缔结;议定conclusion 结束，终结；结论，推论confer 商谈，商议；授予，赋予conference 会议，讨论会confess 坦白，承认，忏悔epidemic 流行性的，传染的；流行病；泛滥，传播episode 片断，一段情节;一集epoch 时代，纪元，时期indifferent 冷淡的，不关心的,不积极的；一般的，平庸的；不偏的，中立的indignant 愤怒的,愤慨的indignation 愤怒,愤慨indispensable 必不可少的，必需的individual 个人的,单独的；独特的；个人，与众不同的人mess 混乱,困境；脏乱;弄脏,弄乱message 通讯，消息，信息；启示,要旨，主题思想，寓意；（用电脑、手机等)给……发消息messenger 送信者,使者method 方法，措施；方式；条理，规律militant 好战的，积极从事或支持使用武力的，激进的military 军事的,军用的，军队的；军队，军方，军人mind 头脑,精神；悟性；注意力；在乎redeem 补救,弥补；（尤指基督教的)拯救，救赎；付清；兑现;履行，遵守reduce 减少，缩小；简化；还原reduction 减少，缩小refer 提到；参考；询问，查询reference 提及，涉及；参考，参照；查阅；推荐信spoil 损坏，毁坏；宠坏，溺爱sponsor 发起者,赞助者；发起，举办；资助，赞助spread 伸展；散布,传播;(使）蔓延,扩散，延伸；广泛，多样；差额,价差spur 促进,激励，鞭策；刺激spy 间谍,密探；刺探；搜集情报;发现stability 稳定（性)，安定（性)stable 稳定的，安定的；沉稳的,可靠的staff 全体职员，行政人员；为（某部门）配备人员stage 舞台；阶段，时期；步骤必考词Unit 2anguish 极度痛苦,苦恼；使痛苦，悲痛annoy 使恼怒,使生气;打搅，骚扰annual 每年的；全年的；年刊，年鉴anonymous 匿名的；无特色的answer 答案，回答；响应;符合anticipate 预期,期望；先发制人；使提前发生anxiety 焦虑，担心，不安；渴望，热望anxious 焦虑的，发愁的；渴望的,急切的apart 分离,分开；相隔；单独地，个别地;分离的component 一部分的，组成的；组成部分，成份，部件compose 组成；创作；使平静composition 作品；作曲；结构；组成comprehend 理解，了解comprehension 理解，了解comprehensive 广泛的,综合的condemn 谴责；判刑condense 压缩，凝结，使简洁condition 状况，状态；环境，情况conduct 行为，举止;引导；处理;指挥；传导conductor 领队，指挥;售票员，列车员；导体，导线disable 使残疾（废）disappear 不见，消失disappoint 使失望，使扫兴discipline 纪律；训练，自制力；行为准则；（尤指大学里的)学科，专业,科目disclose 揭露,透露，使公开discover 发现discovery 发现；被发现的事物hoist 举起，升起，吊起hold 抓住；抑制;容纳；举行；掌握；控制holder 持有者,占有者；支持物narrative 叙述性的；叙述narrow 狭窄的；狭隘的nasty 龌龊的;下流的，讨厌的，严重的nation 民族,国家national 民族的,国家的，国立的nationality 国籍；民族native 本地的,本国的；天生的；本地人，本国人natural 自然的；天生的nature 大自然；本性，天性overall 全面的，总体的;全部；总体上；工作服,工装裤overcome 克服，占胜overlap 重叠，部分重叠portion 部分,分配possibility 可能，可能性；希望；机会possible 可能的；潜在的，合适的,合适的人(或物）potential 潜在性，可能性;潜在的，可能的pour 倒，注，灌；倾泻，涌流reflect 反映，表现；反省；考虑reflection/reflexion 影像，倒影；考虑，沉思；想法reform 改革；改造,改过自新;变革，改善stand 站立；坐落,位于；坚持;经受，忍受；台，座standard 标准,水平，规格，规范；普通的，标准的standpoint 立场,观点start 开始；出发；启动；开端，开始，起点；吃惊startle 惊讶，惊吓，使吃惊starve 挨饿；急需，渴望state 状态，情况；国，州；陈述,说明statement 声明，陈述statesman 政治家，国务活动家statistics 统计数据；统计资料；统计学statue 塑像,雕塑status 地位，身份；情形，状况statute 法令，法规，规则，条例stay 停留；保持；逗留；作客steady 牢固的；坚定的；使稳固，使稳定steer 掌舵，驾驶；带领，指导stem 茎，干；制止，阻止；起源于某事物step 脚步；台阶；步骤，措施；踏，走stern 严厉的，严肃的,严格的；船尾，飞机尾部必考词Unit 3confine 幽禁，禁闭；限制，使局限confirm 加强,巩固；证实，肯定;确认conflict 战争，战斗；冲突，抵触confidence 信任,信心,把握confident 确信的,自信的confidential 秘密的，机密的；亲信的trail 踪迹，痕迹；追踪，跟踪train 列车,火车；行列,一串;训练,培养training 训练，培养trait 特征，特点,特性traitor 叛徒，卖国贼victim 牺牲品，受害者view 景象,风景；见解；观察;看待；考虑viewpoint 观点violence 暴力，暴行；狂热；激烈violent 猛烈的，激烈的virtual 实际上的，事实上的virtue 美德；优点，长处apparent 显然的;表面上的appeal 有感染力；求助;申诉；恳求appear 出现，暴露；出场；问世；来到;仿佛appearance 出现，露面；外表，外貌appliance 用具，器具applicable 能应用的，适用的application 请求，申请；适用，应用appoint 任命，委派；约定，指定appointment 约会;预约；任命，委托;职务，职位apply 应用，使用；使专注于；申请，请求appreciate 欣赏;感激；理解；涨价，增值discriminate 区别，辨别;歧视discuss 讨论,商议disease 疾病disgrace 使丢脸；使失去地位；耻辱；失势escape 逃跑,逃脱;躲避，避免especially 特别，尤其essay 文章，短文；企图,试图essence 本质,实质；要素essential 必要的,必不可少的；本质的，基本的establish 建立，设立；查实；安置,使定居；派任estimate 估计，估价ethic 道德体系;行为准则；伦理学，道德学ethnic 民族的,种族的;少数民族的成员evaluate 估价，评价industrial 工业的,产业的industrializ(s）e 工业化industry 工业，产业；勤劳，勤奋inevitable 不可避免的，必然发生的miserable 痛苦的，悲惨的misery 痛苦，悲惨，不幸mislead 把……引入歧途；使产生错误想法，欺骗mix 混合，合群；混淆mixture 混合，混合物necessary 必需的，必要的；必然的，无法避免的necessitate 使成为必要，需要；迫使necessity 必要;必需品;必然性；迫不得已；贫困negative 否定的，消极的；阴性的；负数negotiate 谈判,交涉,商议outer 外部的，外面的，外层的outlet 出路，出口；发泄途径outline 轮廓,外形；提纲，大纲，梗概outlook 景色，风光;观点,见解；前景，展望output 产量,输出量poverty 贫穷，贫困power 能力；功率，动力；权力,势力，政权practical 实际的，实用的practice 练习;实践;业务，开业practise 实践，实习，训练；从事practitioner 实习者；从业者preach 讲道，说教；竭力鼓吹，宣传precede 在前，先于precaution 预防，警惕;预防措施precedent 先例；在前的，优先的preceding 在前的,前面的,在先的precious 珍贵的，贵重的precise 精确的，准确的precision 精确，精密度必考词Unit 4stick 棍，棒，拐杖；刺，戳；粘住，粘贴stimulate 刺激，促使；使兴奋stir 搅动，搅拌；移动;引起，轰动,骚乱stock 原料，库存；资本，股票;储存，供应store 商店，店铺；贮藏；贮备storage 储存，储藏，保管;库房approach 靠近，接近；处理,对付；方法，态度appropriate 恰当的，相称的approval 赞成,批准，同意，认可approve 批准,通过;赞成，同意apt 恰当的；聪明的conform 相似，一致，符合；遵从,适应confront 面临，遭遇;勇敢地面对，正视confuse 使混乱,混淆confusion 混乱，混淆congress (代表）大会；国会，议会connect 连接；联系，结合connection/connexion 联系；连接conscious 神志清醒的；意识到的,自觉的dismiss 解雇,免职disorder 混乱；骚乱；失调，疾病disperse 分散，驱散，散去displace 转移；替代，撤换display 陈列,展览evidence 形迹，迹象；根据,证据evident 明显的，明白的evil 邪恶的,罪恶的;邪恶，罪恶evolution 进化，发展，演化evolve 使发展，使进化，演变exaggerate 夸张,夸大examine 检查，细查fruitful 多产的，果实累累的；富有成效的frustrate 挫败，阻挠，使灰心；使无效infer 推断，推定inference 推论，推理；结论，推断结果inferior 下等的,下级的；差的;下级,晚辈influence 影响，感化；势力,权势influential 有影响的；权势的inform 通知，报告；告发，告密information 情报，资料，消息；信息mock 嘲笑，嘲弄;挫败；仿制的，假装的；模拟的mode 方式,式样model 模型，原型;模式；榜样；仿效，模仿；模范的,榜样的moderate 温和的，有节制的;适度的，中等的modern 现代的，近代的，新式的moderniz(s）ation 现代化modest 谦逊的;适度的modify 修改;缓和，减轻；修饰overlook 眺望；忽略；宽容,放任overseas 外国的，海外的；在海外predecessor 前辈，前任;原有事物predict 预言，预测，预告preface 序言，引言，前言preferable 更可取的,更好的preference 偏爱,优待，优惠；优先(权）prejudice 偏见，歧视；损害，侵害preliminary 预备的，初步的premier 首相，总理premise 前提；假定；营业场所；引导premium 额外费用；奖金；保险费；学费preparation 准备，预备；制剂reject 拒绝，驳回;排斥,退掉rejoice 感到高兴，充满喜悦relate 讲述，叙述；联系relation 关系，联系；亲属，亲戚relationship 关系，联系relative 亲属，亲戚；比较的,相对的；相关的relativity 相关(性），相对论relevant 有关的，相称的;有重大关系的；有意义的必考词Unit 5holy 神圣的，圣洁的honor/honour 尊敬；荣誉，光荣；荣幸honorable/honourable 尊敬的，高尚的;荣誉的,光荣的horizon 地平（线)；范围，眼界,见识horizontal 水平的,地平线的；水平线ingenious 灵巧的，机灵的；巧妙的ingredient 组成部分，成分initial 最初的，开头的；词首的；词首大写字母initiate 开始，发起;使初步了解initiative 主动性；进取心local 地方的，当地的；局部的locality 位置，地点locate 指出；使……坐落于，位于location 位置,场所neglect 忽视,忽略；疏忽，玩忽negligible 疏忽的,微不足道的prescribe 规定，指定；开处方prescription 药方,开药;计划；建议；秘诀presence 出席,到场；存在present 赠送,给予；提出，呈现；礼品；现在presently 一会儿，不久；现在,目前preserve 保护，保存preside 主持,主管，担任（会议）主席；掌管，领导press 新闻界;出版社，印刷厂;报道;挤压,榨取；催促，逼迫pressure 压（力);强制，压迫prestige 威望,威信；影响力presumably 推测起来，大概presume 推测；假设；认为，推定prevent 防止,预防previous 先前的，以前的；在……之前prey 受损害者;牺牲品；捕食；掠夺；损害reliable 可靠的reliance 依靠,依赖religion 宗教，信仰；信念，信条religious 宗教的；虔诚的rely 依赖,依靠；信赖，信任straight 笔直的;端正的;正直的；直率地straightforward 正直的,坦率的；简单的strain 使紧张；使损伤；拉力，张力；努力，尽力strategy 战略,策略strength 力量，实力，活力，效力strengthen 加强,巩固strenuous 努力的；精力充沛的；紧张的；热心的transaction 办理，处理,交易,事务transfer 转移；转让;迁移；调动transform 改变，改造；转（变）换；使改观transient 短暂的；临时的translation 翻译，译文，译本visible 可见的；明显的，有形的vision 视力，视觉;想象；目光visual 看的,视觉的architect 建筑师,设计师;缔造者，创造者architecture 建筑学；建筑风格，建筑式样area 地区，区域；范围，领域argue 争论,辩论,主张，说服argument 争论，辩论；论据，论点arise 形成，产生；上升；起立arouse 引起,唤起，激起；唤醒array 大量；排列，队形;部署；穿着，打扮consequence 结果，后果;影响；重要性consequently 因而，所以conservation 保存，保护,避免损失conservative 保守的，守旧的；保守主义者consider 考虑；认为;体贴，关心considerable 相当多的,可观的considerate 考虑周到的，体谅的dispute 争论,争执dissolve 溶解,融化；解散，取消environment 环境，客观环境，自然环境，生态环境enterprise 事业心，进取心；事业，企（事)业单位entertain 招待，款待;使有兴趣entertainment 招待，款待；文娱节目必考词Unit 6console 安慰，慰问 ;控制台，仪表板consist 组成，构成;一致，符合consistent 前后一致的,始终如一的constant 坚定的，永恒的，忠实的；经常的，不断的constituent 构成的，组成的；成分，要素constitute 组成，构成；建立，制定constitution 构成，构造；体格，体质;宪法constrain 强迫(某人）做某事；概述，概括construct 建造，构造；创立，构思consume 消耗,花费；耗尽consumption 消费;消耗;肺结核,肺病distinct 有区别的;明显的distinction 差别，区分distinguish 区别，辨别；使杰出distribute 分配；分布，散布distort 扭曲;歪曲，曲解distract 使转向;使分心，分散exchange 交换，兑换；交流，交易exclude 拒绝，排斥exclusive 专有的,独占的;除外的；(商品、商店等)高档的；独家新闻assassinate 暗杀,行刺；破坏assault 攻击,袭击；强暴assemble 集合，召集；装配，组装assembly 集合，集会;装配，安装assert 主张，维护fulfil/fulfill 履行，实现，完成;(使)满意function 功能，职责;运行，起作用fund 资金，基金；储备，蕴藏fundamental 基础的，基本的；基本原则household 家庭；家庭的however 无论如何，不管怎样；然而huddle 蜷缩;聚集在一起monopoly 垄断,专卖monotonous 单调无聊的，毫无变化的mood 心境，情绪;语气primary 初级的，最初的；首要的；基本的prime 第一的，原始的;初期，全盛时期；使准备好，做准备primitive 早期的；简单的，粗糙的，落后的principal 最重要的，主要的；负责人；资本；主角；当事人principle 原理,原则prove 证明;检验,考验，鉴定provide 提供；规定provided 倘若，只要，假如prudent 谨慎的，小心的;有先见之明的psychiatry 精神病学，精神病治疗法psychology 心理学，心理；心理特征stress 压力，紧张;着重，强调stretch 伸长；延伸；延续；使倾注全力;一片，一段stride 阔步前进；大步，阔步strike 打击，进攻；罢工；偶然发现striking 显著的，突出的string 细绳；一连串，一系列；串起structure 建筑物；结构,构造stun 使震惊，使晕倒；晕眩，惊倒transmission 播送，发射，传送,传染,传播transmit 传送，传递；播送，发射；传染,传播transplant 移植，移种；移居transport 运输，运送；运输系统，运载工具liability 责任，义务;债务；倾向liable 负有（法律)责任的，有义务的；易出问题的,易患病的liberal 不严格的；（政治或经济上）自由的，支持(社会、政治)变革的;慷慨的；宽容的人,开明的人liberate 解放，释放，使自由license/licence 许可证，执照;准许，认可vital （有）生命力的；致命的，极其重要的vivid 鲜艳的；生动的，栩栩如生的void 没有的，缺乏的volume 容积，体积;卷，册；音量必考词Unit 7remote 疏远的，远离的；遥远的，偏僻的remove 搬迁，移动；挪走；消除；开除，撤职removal 移动，迁居；除去，切除remain 剩下，余留；留待；仍然是remainder 剩余物，残余部分；其他人员；余数remains 残余；遗迹，废墟remedy 治疗,药品；补救，纠正；革除,消除remember 记得,回想起remind 提醒，使想起render 使成为；给予，回报；提出contemporary 同时代的；当代的；同代人contempt 轻视，轻蔑content 容量；内容；满足，愿意contend 竞争，争夺；声称，主张contest 竞赛，比赛；争夺，争论context 语境;环境，背景continual 不断的，连续的continue 连续，继续continuous 连续的，持续的contract 合同,契约；缩小，缩短,缩紧contradict 反驳;同……相矛盾contrary 相反的,对抗的;对方的;反对，对立面contrast 使成对比；对照,对比diverse 多种多样的，不同的diversion 转向，转移；娱乐，消遣divert 转移某人的注意力；转向;挪用资金divide 划分；分配;分开，隔开dividend 股息，红利，报酬division 分开，分配;部门；分歧document 文件，文献documentary 文献的，文件的;纪录片execute 实行,实施,履行executive 实行的，执行的，行政的;总经理，董事exemplify 列举，举例证明exert 用(力)，尽(力）；发挥；施加（压力等）exhaust 抽完；耗尽；排气装置;废气exist 存在，生活existence 存在，生存,生活exotic 由外国引进的；吸引人的；外来物，外来语innocent 清白的，无罪的；天真的，单纯的innovation 革新，改革；新方法,新技术，新思想moral 道德的，道义的;寓意morality 道德，美德moreover 再者，此外，而且mostly 主要地，大部分，基本上prior 先前的；优先的；更重要的priority 先前，优先，优先权privacy 隐居；私事，隐私private 私人的，个体的；秘密的privilege 特权，优惠;特殊的待遇subject 题目，主题；学科,科目；受……支配的；需要……的subjective 主观的，个人的submit 屈服，投降；听从；提交subordinate 下级的；附属的，次要的subscribe 捐助；订阅；同意;签名subsequent 随后的,后来的substance 物质；基本内容；财力，资产substantial 实质的,真实的；坚固的；大量的，富裕的;重要的substitute 代替者，代替物；代替,替换subtle 微妙的；细致的;敏锐的；精妙的treat 对待，处理；论述，探讨；款待,请客treaty 条约trend 倾向，趋势;时髦，时尚associate 联系，联合，结合;联合的，合伙的association 协会,团体;联系；联想amend 修改，修订；改进，改善among（st) 在……之中，在……中间amount 数量，总额；达到……之多ample 充足的，丰富的；宽敞的，面积大的amuse 逗乐，给……提供娱乐anchor 精神支柱;抛锚，停留；固定，扎根必考词Unit 8acclaim 喝彩，欢呼;称赞accommodate 使适应；调和；帮助;容纳，接纳accommodation（s）住宿，留宿accompany 陪伴，伴随accomplish 达到,完成，实现；走完，度完account 账目，账户，账单;描述，叙述；认为,视为;说明，解释；占(一定数量或比例) accountant 会计，会计师；账房，出纳bias 偏见；偏重;使有偏见，偏向bid 祝愿；命令，吩咐;出价，投标bill 账单；招贴，广告;法案；清单；钞票billion 十亿，万亿birth 出生，分娩;出身，血统charge 收（费）；使充满；控告；负荷；价钱，费用charm 美貌；魅力；使陶醉，迷住chase 追逐，追求demand 要求;查问；请求democracy 民主，民主制；民主国家democratic 民主的demonstrate 论证，证明；表明；宣传；游行，示威denote 表示;意思是denial 否认；拒绝,拒绝给予deny 否定，否认department 部，局，处；系，学部depend 取决于，依靠dependent 依靠的，依赖的deposit 使沉积;存放；沉淀物；存款；保证金depress 使沮丧,使消沉;使不景气，使萧条emerge 出现，浮现emergency 紧急情况，突然事件，非常时刻eminent 著名的，杰出的，卓越的；明显的,突出的emotion 情绪,情感fear 害怕,畏惧；担心fearful 担心的;可怕的feature 特征,特色；特写federal 联邦的federation 同盟,联邦，联盟，联邦政府feed 喂养，饲养；向……提供feedback 反馈feeling 感情；心情;知觉；同情fertile 肥沃的，富饶的;能繁殖的goal 目的,目标；守门员，球门；进球goods 商品，货物govern 统治,管理；决定,支配；抑制，控制government 政府，内阁；管理，支配；政治，政体governor 总督，州长；主管人员,理事gradual 逐渐的，逐步的graduate 毕业；获学位；有学位的,毕业的，毕业生grand 盛大的,豪华的;重大的，主要的grant 同意，准予;授予heap 大量，许多；堆积;装满heal 治愈;调停，消除，克服health 健康，健康状况；卫生healthy 健康的，健壮的；卫生的hesitate 犹豫，踌躇;含糊highlight 使显著，使突出;强调；最有意思或精彩的部分highland 高地，高原；高原的highly 高度地，非常；赞许地immediate 立即的；直接的，最接近的immense 广大的,巨大的immerse 使浸没;使专心于immigrant 移民,侨民immune 免除的，豁免的；不受影响的；有免疫力的likely 很可能的，有希望的；大概，多半likelihood 可能性likewise 同样（照样）地；又，也，而且必考词Unit 9perform 演奏,演出，表演;执行，完成；工作，表现performance 执行；表演；表现，行为period 周期；时期，时代；学时,课时;句点periodical 周期的,定期的；期刊,杂志perish 死亡；毁灭，消亡；腐败，腐烂perpetual 永恒的；反复的；没完没了的perplex 使困惑，使茫然；使复杂化personal 个人的,私人的；人身的，本人的personality 人格,个性personnel 全体人员;人事（部门）perspective 观点，看法；判断力，洞察力；透视图；景观pessimistic 悲观的optimistic 乐观的optimum 最适宜的，最有利的option 选项，选择权；买卖的特权optional 可以任选的，非强制的organ 机构;器官；风琴organic 器官的；有机的，绿色的organism 生物体,有机体organiz(s)ation 团体，机构；组织;组织性，系统性organiz(s）e 组织;使有条理rake 耙，耙状物;大量搜索，翻检rare 稀少的,珍贵的；稀薄的rarely 很少，难得，非常地rate 比率；速度；费率;价格;等级,品级;评估；定级ratio 比，比率rational 理性的，合理的reach 抵达，到达；触到；能达到的范围react 反应，起作用realistic 现实(主义)的reality 现实，实际;真实的事物realiz（s）e 认识到，了解到；实现select 选择，挑选；精选的，选择的selection 选择，挑选；精选物，选集self 个性，自我，自己；本来面目;个人利益；私心selfish 自私的,利己的sell 出售;让人失望的东西send 发送，传达；派遣;使做出；使表现出senior 年长的；地位较高的;（大学)四年级学生sensation 感觉，知觉；激动；轰动sense 感觉，感官；观念，意识;合理性；含义；感觉到，意识到sensible 明智的，合情理的;明显的sensitive 敏感的，易受伤害的；灵敏的separate 分开的，分离的；隔开sequence 先后，次序，连续serial 连续的；连载的；连载小说，连续电视；定期刊物series 连续，一系列serious 严肃的;严重的，危险的；认真的toast 烤面包,吐司；烘，烤together 共同,一起token 表示，标志，象征；纪念品；礼券，筹码；象征性的tolerance 容忍，耐性tolerant 容忍的,宽容的tolerate 容忍,默许accumulate 积累，积攒，积聚accuracy 准确性accurate 准确的，正确无误的accuse 指控,指责achieve 达到；完成,成功acknowledge 承认,供认board 板,木板；理事会,董事会boast 自吹自擂，夸耀,吹嘘；有，包含bonus 奖金；红利；补贴boom 繁荣期，迅速发展;兴起；暴涨，激增boost 增加，提高；帮助，鼓励cheer 喝彩，欢呼；鼓舞，鼓励choice 选择，挑选；精选的，优质的choose 选择，挑选；喜欢,愿意chemical 化学的；化学制品,化学药品cherish 珍爱,珍视;爱护，关心；抱有,怀有chip 打破；切削；薄片；碎屑verbal 用言辞的，用文字的；口头的verdict 判断，裁定;定论，意见verify 证明，证实；查对,查清verse 韵文，诗；诗句version 版本；译文;翻译；说法，看法vessel 船，舰；容器，器皿；管，血管必考词Unit 10meditate 沉思，冥想;考虑，谋划meditation 沉思，冥想;打算，熟虑medium 中间，中庸；媒介物，传导体deprive 剥夺，使丧失derive 取得,得到describe 形容，描述description 描述，形容；种类，类型deserve 值得，应得design 设计,绘制；图样designate 指明，标明；指定，指派desirable 称心的，合意的desire 希望，渴望；欲望，要求flaw 裂缝；缺陷,缺点flexible 柔韧的；易弯曲的;可变通的fling 扔,掷,抛，丢flourish 炫耀;繁荣，兴旺;挥舞grow 增长；生长,成长；种植，栽种grown—up 成熟的，成人的；成年人growth 生长，增长，发展hinder 妨碍，阻止hint 暗示；建议；线索,细微的迹象hitherto 到目前为止，迄今impact 冲击，撞击；影响,作用impair 削弱，减少；损害，损伤impart 传授;告知，透露implement 实施,执行；工具,用具implication 含意,暗示implicit 含蓄的;无疑问的,绝对的imply 意指，意味着，暗示import 进口,输入；进口商品；要旨，含意importance 重要（性），重大important 重要的，重大的;有权力的impose 征（税)；利用，占便宜impress 盖印；留下印象;铭记;压痕impression 印象,感想;盖印，压痕；印数impressive 给人深刻印象的,感人的improve 改善，增进,提高impulse 推动,驱动；冲动，一时的念头limit 界限,范围；限制，限定limitation 限制，局限性limited 有限的，被限制的origin 起源，由来；出身，血统original 最初的，原始的;新颖的，有独创性的;原物，原作，原文originate 发源,产生，引起；开创，发明petition 请愿，请愿书；申请书；正式的请求，要求phase 阶段，时期;相，相位phenomenon 现象；非凡的人、物或事philosopher 哲学家，哲人philosophy 哲学phrase 短语，词语，习语physical 自然科学的，物理的；肉体的,身体的；物质的，有形的physician 医师，内科医生pierce 刺入，穿透；看透，识破reason 理由，原因;道理；理性；推理;辩论reasonable 合理的，有道理的,通情达理的recent 新近的，近来的serve 服务，履行职责；接待顾客servant 仆人，佣工service 服务，帮助；公共设施，公共事业；维修,保养set 放置；确定，决定；树立；创造；调整;约定的，规定的，习惯的；一套，一副，一组setback 挫折，退步；复发；延迟，阻碍setting 安置，安装；环境，背景settle 安定,安顿；定居；解决settlement 解决，决定；新住宅区several 几个，一些；各自的；分别的severe 严厉的，严格的;剧烈的,严重的shape 形状；体形；状况;种类；塑造，形成share 一份,份额，一部分；股份；分享；分摊；分配sharp 锋利的；鲜明的；突然的；敏锐的；准时地shelter 掩蔽处；掩蔽；庇护;躲避sophisticated 老练的；复杂的；精密的;尖端的,高度发展的sovereign 君主,统治；至高无上的;独立自主的，完全的sow 播种；传播；激起toll 代价；损失;钟声;鸣钟tone 音调，音色，风气,气氛；腔调,语气topic 话题，主题，题目必考词Unit 11choke 使停止呼吸；窒息；抑制chop 削减，降低；终止;取消;劈，砍,剁;排骨,肉块circumstance 情况，形势，环境cite 引用，引证，举（例）claim 要求，主张；索赔；权利clear 明白的;清澈的；通畅的，无阻的；清楚地；证明；使清楚border 边界，边境,边沿；邻接，毗邻bore 使厌烦，使厌倦；钻孔；麻烦；（管道、枪管等的）内径,口径born 天生的，生来的bother 打扰；烦恼，操心;麻烦acquire 取得，获得；学到acquisition 获得;获得物act 行动，做事；起作用；行为；法令,条例action 行动；行为；作用；战斗activate 使激活，使加快；启动，使活动active 活跃的;积极的；现行的activity 活跃；行动；活性,活力actual 实在的，实际的acute 有观察力的，敏锐的；剧烈的；严重的；急性的despise 蔑视，鄙视despite 不管，不顾;即使,尽管energetic 有力的，精力旺盛的energy 活力，精力；能量，能源enforce 强迫；实施，使生效;坚持engage 尽力理解；雇，聘；吸引；占用engagement 约会，约定；婚约，订婚fold 折叠；褶，褶痕folk 人们；民间的follow 跟随，接着；领会;遵循;结果是following 接着的，下列的force 力量；势力;军队，兵力；强迫,迫使fore 在前部的;重要的；前部forecast 预测，预报foresee 预见,预知forge 锻造；伪造;编造;锻铁炉，铁匠铺grim 严厉的,严峻的；令人不愉快的;极其简陋的grasp 抓住，抓紧;掌握，领会grip 抓紧；吸引住；吸引力gross 总的；严重的，极端的；粗俗的；总共赚得ground 地面，土地；场所；根据，理由group 组；群;批；类；簇;集团；团体;乐团；（使)成群，成组guarantee 保证，保证书；担保guard 守卫,保卫；看守include 包括,包含，计入inclusive 包括的,包含的;范围广的income 收入，收益incorporate 包含，吸收;合并，混合increase 增加，增长，增进increasingly 不断增加地，日益incredible 难以置信的,惊人的,不可思议的incur 招致，引起，遭受link 连接，联系;环节list 表，目录，清单;列入表内;高兴,称心literally 照字面意义地;确实地，真正地literary 文学的；精通文学的literature 文学，文学作品，文献memo 备忘录memorial 追悼的，纪念的；纪念物，纪念碑，纪念馆memory 记忆，记忆力；存储mental 精神的，智力的mention 提及,说起other 另外的，别的;其他人或物otherwise 否则;不同地;在其他方面outcome 结果，成果sign 标记，符号，招牌;征兆，迹象；签名（于)，签署（于）signature 签名,署名,签字signal 信号，暗号；发信号significance 意义，含义;重要性,重大significant 有意义的；重要的，重大的signify 表示，表明，预示；有重要性similar 相似的，类似的simple 简单的；直率的,朴素的;迟钝的simplicity 简单;朴素；直率，单纯simplify 简化，使单纯simply 仅仅，不过；确实；简单地,朴素地slack 松弛的；松懈的；萧条的，不景气的；淡季必考词Unit 12addict 使沉溺，使上瘾；有瘾的人add 加,增加；补充说addition 加，加法；增加的人或物additional 附加的，另外的，额外的address 演说；地址，住址;称呼；对付，处理adequate 足够的,充分的；恰当的adjoin 贴近，与……毗连adjust 调节,调整;校正；适应administration 管理，经营；政府，行政(机关）admire 钦佩，羡慕;夸奖admission 允许进入,接纳;承认;入场券,入场费admit 接纳；承认adapt 适应；改编adopt 采用,采纳；批准;继承；收养adult 成年人的，成熟的;成(年）人brace 支架；支撑,加固；使防备,使做好准备,使经受锻炼brain 脑力,头脑，智能branch 分支；分部,分店;分科，部门；支流brand 商标，标记，牌子;打烙印；使铭记toss 扔，抛，掷；摇摆，颠簸total 总数，总计；全部的,完全的touch 触，碰，摸;感动，触动;涉及，论及；少许，一点儿tough 坚韧的,牢固的；强壮的；强硬的；艰苦的，棘手的；粗鲁的vice 不道德行为，恶习；老虎钳;副的vicious 邪恶的，凶残的，堕落的click 咔嗒声；发出咔嗒声；很快成为好朋友；突然明白或理解client 顾客；委托人；当事人cling 坚持;粘着；依附close 关，闭;结束,终止；接近的;详细的;严密的closet 壁橱,储藏室；秘密的;把某人关在房间里code 代码，密码;法典，法规，法则detach 拆卸；使分开，使分离detail 细节，详情;详述detain 拘留，扣押；留住，耽搁enhance 提高，增加,增强enlarge 扩大,放大，增大，扩展enlighten 启发；教育form 形状,形式;表格；组成，构成；形成formal 正式的；形式的。
考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解—2006年Text 1(下)
考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2006年Text 1（下）这是一篇社会生活类文章，主要讲的是在美国的移民被同化现象的问题。
文章中的单词难度适中，基本没有超纲词汇。
同样，文章中出现了一些高频词和重点单词，以下是本文中出现的10个，就让我们一起来学习吧！1. 3 residence ['rezɪd(ə)ns]n. 住宅，住处;居住【词根记忆】：reside-(vi. 住，居住;属于)+ence(表产物的名词后缀)→住处;居住【短语搭配】：Matrilocal residence 入赘; 从母居residence booklet 户口簿; 户口本; 旧时的户口簿; 户口本原件residence time 停留时间; 滞留时间; 居留时间; 阻滞时间【真题例句】：The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well”or “very well”after ten years of residence.”1990年的人口普查透露：“来自十五个移民数量最多的国家的移民在到美国成为十年的居民后，英语说得‘好’或‘很好’。
”(2006年阅读Text 1)2. 2 proficient [prə'fɪʃ(ə)nt]adj. 熟练的，精通的n. 精通;专家，能手【词根记忆】：pro(向前，完全)+ficient(吸收)→熟练的【短语搭配】：inept proficient 无能的General Proficient 一般Proficient operation 熟练运用操作【真题例句】：The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and a in English. 移民的子女几乎都说两种语言，且精通英语。
考研英语红宝书——10年真题_部分9
【 词性】 ． ?ｎ 【 词义】 奇事： ｔ ｈ ｅ ～ｓ ｏ ｆ ｔ ｈ ｅｗ ｏ ｒ ｌ ｄ世界奇观 ／ Ｂ ｏ ｏ ｋ ｓ ① 奇迹， ａ ｒ ｅ ｆ ｉ ｌ ｌ ｅ ｄｗ ｉ ｔ ｈｍ ａ ｎ ｙ～ ｓ ． 书中充满了新奇的事物。 惊讶： Ｈ ｅｆ ｅ ｌ ｔ～ ｍ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｌ ｅ ｄｗ ｉ ｔ ｈａ ｗ ｅａ ｔ ｔ ｈ ｅＧ ｒ ａ ｎ ｄ ② 惊奇， 面对着大峡谷， 他又惊奇又惶恐。 Ｃ ａ ｎ ｙ ｏ ｎ ． 【 同义】 ｉ ｒ ａ ｃ ｌ ｅ② ｓ ｕ ｒ ｐ ｒ ｉ ｓ ｅ ， ａ ｍ ａ ｚ ｅ ｍ ｅ ｎ ｔ ①ｍ 【 词性】 ． ?ｖ 【 词义】 ａ ｔ ） 感到惊讶， 感到诧异： Ｉ～ ａ ｔ ｈ ｉ ｓ ｒ ｕ ｄ ｅ ｎ ｅ ｓ ｓ ． 我 ①（ 对他的粗鲁感到惊讶。 想要知道： Ｉ～ ｈ ｏ ｗｙ ｏ ｕｃ ａ ｍ ｅ ｔ ｏｍ ｉ ｓ ｓ ｙ ｏ ｕ ｒ ② 感到疑惑， ｗ ａ ｙ ． 我想知道你是怎样迷路的。 【 词组】 ｎ ｏ（ 或ｌ ｉ ｔ ｔ ｌ ｅ ， ｓ ｍ ａ ｌ ｌ ， ｗ ｈ ａ ｔ ）ｗ ｏ ｎ ｄ ｅ ｒ 难怪， 怪不得 【 派生】 ｗ ｏ ｎ ｄ ｅ ｒ ｆ ｕ ｌ ［ ｗ ｎ ｄ ｆ ｌ ］ａ ｄ ｊ ． 惊人的， 奇妙的， 极好的 ｕ ｌ ｂ［ ｂ ｌ ｂ ］ｎ ． ⒉ｂ 【 词义】 Ｔ ｈ ｉ ｓ ｌ ｉ ｇ ｈ ｔ ｂ ｕ ｌ ｂｈ ａ ｓ ｇ ｏ ｎ ｅ ．这灯泡不亮了。 ① 灯泡： 状物） ， 球状物 ： Ｒ ｏ ｏ ｔ ｔ ｈ ｅ ～ｓ ｉ ｎｐ ｏ ｔ ｔ ｉ ｎ ｇｓ ｏ ｉ ｌ ． 把 ② 鳞茎（ 这些球茎扦插在盆栽土壤里。 ｐ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ［ ｐ ｎ ］ｎ ． ⒊ｏ 【 词义】 选择权： Ｉ ｈ ａ ｖ ｅ ｎ ｔ ｍ ｕ ｃ ｈ～ ｉ ｎｔ ｈ ｅ ｍ ａ ｔ ｔ ｅ ｒ ． 在这 ① 选项， 件事情上我无可选择。 ａ ｎ～ｏ ｎａｐ ａ ｃ ｋ ａ ｇ ｅ ｈ ｏ ｌ ｉ ｄ ａ ｙ包价旅游选 ② 买卖的特权： 择权 【 词组】 ｏ ｐ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎｏ ｎｓ ｔ ｈ ． ……的选择权 ｎ ｓ ｔ ｉ ｎ ｃ ｔ ［ ｉ ｎ ｓ ｔ ｉ ｋ ｔ ］ｎ ． ⒋ｉ 【 词义】 本能， 直觉， 天性： Ｗ ｅ ｓ ｏ ｍ ｅ ｔ ｉ ｍ ｅ ｓ ａ ｃ ｔ ｏ ｎ～ ． 我们有时 凭直觉办事。
2006年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I U se of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly 2. To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8. One of the federal government’s studies 9 thatthe number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 thestreet. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have seriousmental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives16. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation willimprove only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it, “There has to be 20 of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”1. [A] Indeed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore[D] Furthermore2. [A] stand[B] cope[C] approve[D] retain3. [A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward4. [A] raise[B] add[C] take[D] keep5. [A] generally[B] almost[C] hardly[D] not6. [A] cover[B] change[C] range[D] differ7. [A] Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that8. [A] inflating[B] expanding[C] increasing[D] extending9. [A] predicts[B] displays[C] proves[D] discovers10. [A] assist[B] track[C] sustain[D] dismiss11. [A] Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only12. [A] lodging[B] shelter[C] dwelling[D] house13. [A] searching[B] strolling[C] crowding[D] wandering14. [A] when[B] once[C] while[D] whereas15. [A] life[B] existence[C] survival[D] maintenance16. [A] around[B] over[C] on[D] up17. [A] complex[B] comprehensive[C] complementary[D] compensating18. [A] So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus19. [A] puts[B] interprets[C] assumes[D] makes20. [A] supervision[B] manipulation[C] regulation[D] coordinationSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned inParagraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into Americansociety is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph4), the author implies that ________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomassof large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reducedby 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the originalamount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheriesthan in the old33. By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, paragraph 3),Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changingsituation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the authorintends to show that ________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37. The word “bummer”(Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably meanssomething ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confinedto a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions”letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44) ________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketingdepartment continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior.And in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he couldget back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but fora long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease.Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E] David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioralproblems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling isespecially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufactureevidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.Section III WritingPart A51. DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上；图2 花300元做“小贝头”注：Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。
2006年英语一真题答案解析红宝书
2006年英语一真题答案解析红宝书1、If you know the answer, _______ your hand, please. [单选题] *A. put up(正确答案)B. put downC. put onD. put in2、I think _______ is nothing wrong with my car. [单选题] *A. thatB. hereC. there(正确答案)D. where3、Our teacher suggested that each of us _____ a study plan for the tong summer vacation. [单选题] *A. make(正确答案)B. madeC. will makeD. would make4、He can’t meet his friends tonight because he _______ do homework. [单选题] *A. has to(正确答案)B. needC. have toD. don’t have to5、( ). I’m _____ in that ______ film [单选题] *A. interesting interestedB. interested interesting(正确答案)C. interested interestedD. interesting interesting6、We need a _______ when we travel around a new place. [单选题] *A. guide(正确答案)B. touristC. painterD. teacher7、93．Welcome ________ our school! [单选题] *A．to(正确答案)B．inC．atD．/8、49．________ is the price of the product? [单选题] *A．HowB．How muchC．What(正确答案)D．How many9、1——May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.——_______ , thanks. Ithink I can manage. [单选题] *A. All rightB. No problemC. It’s all right(正确答案)D. There’s no way10、Since we have _____ money left,we can't afford the expensive computer. [单选题] *A. a littleB. a fewC. little(正确答案)D. few11、Tom didn’t _______ his exam again. It was a pity. [单选题] *A. winB. pass(正确答案)C. beatD. Fail12、Nick got out of bed and _______ a shower. [单选题] *A. practicedB. took(正确答案)C. didD. made13、( ) My mother told me _____ in bed. [单选题] *A. not readB. not readingC. don’t readD. not to read(正确答案)14、She passed me in the street, but took no（）of me. [单选题] *Attention (正确答案)B. watchC. careD. notice15、—______ Tom play the piano?—Yes, very well. （）[单选题] *A. Can(正确答案)B. MayC. MustD. Should16、—Tony, it’s cold outside. ______ wear a jacket?—OK, mom.（）[单选题] *A. Why not(正确答案)B. Why don’tC. Why did youD. Why do you17、If you don’t feel well, you’d better ask a ______ for help. [单选题] *A. policemanC. pilotD. doctor(正确答案)18、--Which is Tom?--He is _______ of the two boys. [单选题] *A. tallB. tallerC. the taller(正确答案)D. the tallest19、He was very excited to read the news _____ Mo Yan had won the Nobel Prize for literature [单选题] *A. whichB. whatC. howD. that(正确答案)20、She works in a hospital. She is a(n) _______. [单选题] *A. managerB. engineerC. doctor(正确答案)21、You might not like the way Sam behaves, but please be kind to him. _____, he is your grandfather. [单选题] *A. After all(正确答案)B. Above allC. In allD. At all22、By the end of this month, all this _____. [单选题] *A. is changedB．will changeC. will have changed(正确答案)D. has changed23、—______?—He can do kung fu.（）[单选题] *A. What does Eric likeB. Can Eric do kung fuC. What can Eric do(正确答案)D. Does Eric like kung fu24、1．________my father ________ my mother is able to drive a car. So they are going to buy one. [单选题] *A．Neither; norB．Both; andC．Either; orD．Not only; but also(正确答案)25、( ) Some students preferred to stay in the toilet ______ do morning exercises. [单选题] *A in order to notB in not order toC in order not to(正确答案)D not in order to26、—Are these your sheep? [单选题] *A）on grass at the foot of the hill.(正确答案)B. feedC.is fedD. is feeding27、8．Turn right ________ Danba Road and walk ________ the road, then you will findMeilong Middle school. [单选题] *A．in...alongB．into...along (正确答案)C．in...onD．into...on28、We moved to the front row_____we could hear and see better. [单选题] *A. so asB. so that(正确答案)C. becauseD. such that29、This kind of work _______ skills and speed. [单选题] *A. looks forB. waits forC. calls for(正确答案)D. cares for30、8．—Will she have a picnic next week?—________. And she is ready. [单选题] * A．Yes, she doesB．No, she doesn'tC．Yes, she will(正确答案)D．No, she won't。
2006年考研英语真题及解析
2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章结构分析本文介绍了美国无家可归者日益增多这个社会问题。
第一、二段分析问题的严重性，指出在美国无家可归者的数量不断增长，已经到了联邦政府必须采取措施给他们提供帮助的地步。
第三段指出帮助无家可归者的任务相当艰巨，需要通过全面规划，协调运行来解决他们的各种需求。
二、试题具体解析1.[A] Indeed 实际上(表肯定和强调)[B] Likewise 同样地(表类比)[C] Therefore 因此(表因果)[D] Furthermore 而且(表递进)【答案】A【考点】逻辑搭配【难度系数】 0.365【解析】空前后是两个独立的句子，显然填入空的词应该表示这两个句子之间逻辑关系的内容，空前谈到“无家可归者在美国人口中的比例越来越大”，空后“无家可归者达到如此高的比例，以至于到了当地政府无法……”。
从两句的内容看，空前内容是两句中的论点，空后是对该论点的具体事实说明，能表征此类关系的只有选项A。
故答案为A。
2.[A] stand容忍，经受[B] cope应付，处理[C] approve同意，赞成[D] retain保留，保持【答案】B【考点】词义辨析【难度系数】 0.243【解析】空所在的句意为：无家可归问题已经达到了如此的规模，以至于地方政府都不能。
从句意可以看出这里应该表示问题的严重性，以至于政府都难以应对了，能表示“处理、应对”的只有cope。
故本题答案为B。
3.[A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward【答案】D【考点】词法搭配【难度系数】 0.208【解析】从空所在的位置可以判断出本题考查的是help后面的介词搭配的用法。
help sb. in doing sth.，表示“帮助某人做什么事”，in后面接动名词（固定用法）。
help sb. with sth.意为“通过做某件事帮助别人完成这件事”，两者代入文中，语意上讲不通。
2006年考研英语答案解析和参考译文(二)
2006年考研英语答案解析和参考译文(二)SectionⅠUse of English篇章导读本文是一篇论说文。
文章的主题是"英才通才教育"。
作者在文章开头就提出了一个具有选择性的问题："如果我们只是需要决定是把基本的科学传授给每个人，还是找一些有才华的人，引领他们变得更出色，那么我们的工作将会相当容易。
"随后作者从"the education in public school，the balance among the branches of knowledge and the balance between current and classical knowledge"三个方面来论述在教育中保持知识平衡的重要性。
解读文章时注意作者的客观态度。
思路解析1「答案」[C]「解析」"选择"。
根据文章一致性原则，"choice"与文章第一句中的"decide决定"形成呼应，根据原文"decide whether......or......"所以下文就应该是对其有所"选择choice"或没有"选择choice"。
而选项[A]"（与属性区别的）本质：the entity of justice 正义的本质"，[B]"拍卖；（某些纸牌戏中的）叫牌；叫牌阶段"，[D]"结合体，联合；（政党、个人、国家等）临时结成的联盟"是本题的干扰，均不形成呼应，不符合题意。
「解析」"因为"。
"for"与文章第一段第三句中的"Because we depend......"构成搭配，均表示解释原因。
而选项[A][B][C]均不用于解释原因，不符合原文意思。
(完整)2006年考研英语真题及答案,推荐文档
2006年考研英语试题及答案Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.__1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly _____2____. To help homeless people _____3___ independence, the federal government must support job training programs,_____4_____ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing._____5____everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates ____6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. _____7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is_____8____, one of the federal government’s studies _____9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.___11__when homeless individuals manage to find a ___12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day__13__ the street, Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others,____14____not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives _____16__.Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are_17___programs that address the many needs of the homeless. _____18__ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,___19__it. “There has to be _____20___of programs. What we need is a package deal.” 1.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore 2.[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain 3.[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward 4.[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep 5.[A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not 6.[A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ 7.[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that 8.[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending 9.[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers 10.[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss 11.[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only 12.[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house 13.[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering 14.[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas 15.[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance 16.[A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up 17.[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating 18.[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus 19.[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes 20.[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordinationSection II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) Text 1 In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption “launched by the 19th –century department stores that offered ‘vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation------language, home ownership and intermarriage. The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a graveyard” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians. Rodriguez not that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.” Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment. 21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably meansA. identifyingB. associatingC. assimilatingD. monopolizing 22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century A.played a role in the spread of popular culture. B.became intimate shops for common consumers. C.satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite. D.owed its emergence to the culture of consumption. 23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. A.are resistant to homogenization. B.exert a great influence on American culture. C.are hardly a threat to the common culture. D.constitute the majority of the population. 24. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5? A. To prove their popularity around the world. B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants. C. To give examples of successful immigrants. D. To show the powerful influence of American culture. 25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society isA. rewardingB. successfulC. fruitlessD. harmful Text 2 Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (ASC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights. The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making. The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the ESC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall. The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive. Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low. It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)---lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing—room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to themwhen the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.Text 3 When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then. Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now. Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the "shifting baseline". The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business. 31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that A. large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment. B. small species survived as large animals disappeared. C. large sea animals may face the same threat today. D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones 32. We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%. B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago. C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount. D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old. 33. By saying these figures are conservative (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr Worm means that A. fishing technology has improved rapidly B. then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss D. the data collected so far are out of date. 34. Dr Myers and other researchers hold that A. people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time. B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass C. the ocean biomass should restored its original level. D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation 35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ A.management efficiency B.biomass level C.catch-size limits D.technological application. Text 4 Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists' only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire's flowers of evil. You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today. After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too. Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda--to lure us to open our wallets to make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. "Celebrate!" commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks. What we forget--what our economy depends on is forgetting--is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It's a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air. 36.By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that A. Poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music. B. Art grow out of both positive and negative feeling. C. Poets today are less skeptical of happiness. D. Artist have changed their focus of interest. 37. The word “bummer” (Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means somethingA. religiousB. unpleasantC. entertainingD. commercial 38.In the author’s opinion, advertising A.emerges in the wake of the anti-happy part. B.is a cause of disappointment for the general peer C.replace the church as a major source of information D.creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself. 39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes A.Happiness more often than not ends in sadness. B.The anti-happy art is distasteful by refreshing. C.Misery should be enjoyed rather than denied. D.The anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms 40.Which of the following is true of the text? A.Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery. B.Art provides a balance between expectation and reality. C.People feel disappointed at the realities of morality. D.mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part B Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A- G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino where gambling games are played. During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling. He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a Fun Card, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user's gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls electronic morphine. (41)______________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat locked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem. In March 1998, a friend of Williams's got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams's gamblers. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a” cease admissions” letter notingthe medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety have to his safety or well-being. (42) ______________. The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun ... and always bet with your head, not over it”. Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams's suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling”, intentionally worked to ”love” him to “engage in conduct against his will” well. (43) ______________. The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of taking risks in quest of a windfall, (44) ______________.Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities. (45) ______________. Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on --you might say --addicted to--revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers' dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of NEWSWEEK reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web's most profitable business. (A). Although no such evidence was presented, the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected. (B). It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative? (C). By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit. (D). Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is government. (E). David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it. (F). It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will. (G). The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so? Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Our translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points) Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society?I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not Americans, who have become anti-intellectual. First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems .He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals --- the average scientist for one 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties.--- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics. The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living (50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment .This description even fits the majority eminent scholars .“Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing, living in public and industrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say ,“is something else.”Section III Writing Part A 51. Directions: You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) Part B 52. Directions: Study the following photos carefully and write an essay of 160~200 words in which you should 1.describe the photos briefly, 2.interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and 3.give your point of view. 有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上图2 花300元做“小贝头” 注：Beckham 是英国足球明星 有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。
2006年考研英语真题及解析
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America?Indeed.It is big enough to have a bit of everything.But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past,today’s social indices hardly suggesta dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)most probably means________.[A]identifying[B]associating[C]assimilating[D]monopolizing22.According to the author,the department stores of the19th century________.[A]played a role in the spread of popular culture[B]became intimate shops for common consumers[C]satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D]owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.________.[A]are resistant to homogenization[B]exert a great influence on American culture[C]are hardly a threat to the common culture[D]constitute the majority of the population24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph5?[A]To prove their popularity around the world.[B]To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C]To give examples of successful immigrants.[D]To show the powerful influence of American culture.25.In the author’s opinion,the absorption of immigrants into American society is_______.[A]rewarding[B]successful[C]fruitless[D]harmfulText2Stratford-on-Avon,as we all know,has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.There is the Royal Shakespeare Company(RSC),which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon.And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come,not to see the plays,but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny totheir revenue.They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors,them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness.It’s all deliciously ironic when youconsider that Shakespeare,who earns their living,was himself an actor(with a beard)and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate.The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays,and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford.However,the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing.It is the playgoers,the RSC contends,who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night(some of them four or five nights)pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and the local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.Stratford cries poor traditionally.Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge.Hilton is building its own hotel there,which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars,the Lear Lounge,the Banquo Banqueting Room,and so forth,and will be very expensive.Anyway,the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy.(The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a st year its1,431seats were94per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.)The reason,of course,is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele.They come entirely for the plays,not the sights.They all seem to look alike(though they come from all over)—lean,pointed,dedicated faces,wearing jeans and sandals,eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the20seats and80standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at10:30a.m.26.From the first two paragraphs,we learn that________.[A]the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B]the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C]the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D]the townsfolk earn little from tourism27.It can be inferred from Paragraph3that________.[A]the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B]the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C]the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D]the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28.By saying“Stratford cries poor traditionally”(Line2,Paragraph4),the author implies that______.[A]Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B]Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C]the town is not really short of money[D]the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29.According to the townsfolk,the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A]ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B]the company is financially ill-managed[C]the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D]the theatre attendance is on the rise30.From the text we can conclude that the author________.[A]is supportive of both sides[B]favors the townsfolk’s view[C]takes a detached attitude[D]is sympathetic to the RSCText3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,something strange happened to the large animals:they suddenly became extinct.Smaller species survived.The large,slow-growing animals were easy game,and were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.Whatresearchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing.They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass(the amount of living biological matter)of fish species in particular parts of the ocean,but rather changes in that biomass over time.According to their latest paper published in Nature,the biomass of large predators(animals that kill and eat other animals)in a new fishery is reduced on average by80%within15years of the start of exploitation.In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr.Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar,which were not available50years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught,so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.In the early days,too,longlines would have been more saturated with fish.Some individuals would therefore not have been caught,since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them,leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing,a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked.That is no longer a problem,because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr.Myers and Dr.Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline,which future management efforts must take into account.They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists,that of the“shifting baseline”.The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about50%of its original levels.Most fisheries are well below that,which is a bad way to do business.31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.[A]large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment[B]small species survived as large animals disappeared[C]large sea animals may face the same threat today[D]slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32.We can infer from Dr.Myers and Dr.Worm’s paper that________.[A]the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by90%[B]there are only half as many fisheries as there were15years ago[C]the catch sizes in new fisheries are only20%of the original amount[D]the number of large predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33.By saying“these figures are conservative”(Line1,paragraph3),Dr.Worm means that________.[A]fishing technology has improved rapidly[B]then catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C]the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D]the data collected so far are out of date34.Dr.Myers and other researchers hold that________.[A]people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B]fisheries should keep their yields below50%of the biomass[C]the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D]people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A]management efficiency[B]biomass level[C]catch-size limits[D]technological applicationText4Many things make people think artists are weird.But the weirdest may be this:artists’only job is to explore emotions,and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so.The earliest forms of art,like painting and music,are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the19th century onward,more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless,phony or, worst of all,boring,as we went from Wordsworth’sdaffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war,disaster and the massacre of innocents.The reason,in fact,may be just the opposite:there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all,what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising.The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media,and with it,a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.[D]Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered gaps.There are two extra choices,which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville,Ind., home of David Williams,52,and of a riverboat casino(a place where gambling games are played).During several years of gambling in that casino,Williams,a state auditor earning$35,000a year,lost approximately $175,000.He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for$20worth of gambling.He visited the casino,lost the$20and left.On his second visit he lost$800.The casino issued to him,as a good customer,a“Fun Card”,which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks,and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities.For Williams,these activities become what he calls“electronic heroin”.(41)________.In1997he lost$21,000to one slot machine in two days.In March1997he lost$72,186.He sometimes played two slot machines at a time,all night,until the boat docked at5a.m.,then went back aboard when the casino opened at9a.m.Now he is suing the casino,charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted.It did know he had a problem.In March1998a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions,and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem.The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers,and wrote to him a“cease admissions”letter.Noting the“medical/psychological”nature of problem gambling behavior,the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42)________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has24signs warning:“Enjoy the fun...and always bet with your head,not over it.”Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health.Nevertheless,Williams’s suit charges that the casino,knowing he was“helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to“lure”him to“engage in conduct against his will.”Well.(43)________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says“pathological gambling”involves persistent,recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest ofa windfall.(44)________.Pushed by science,or what claims to be science,society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45)________.Forty-four states have lotteries,29have casinos,and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering.And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995,competition for gamblers’dollars has become intense.The Oct.28issue of Newsweek reported that2160-200words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章结构分析本文介绍了美国无家可归者日益增多这个社会问题。
2006年考研英语参考答案及详细解答（3）
Text 3篇章导读本⽂主要是⼀篇阐述型的⽂章。
中⼼是哥伦⽐亚号航天飞机失事的调查经过。
第1⾃然段作者⾸先提出因为有太多的情感和太多的⾃负，所以这个调查很难进⾏。
在第2⾃然段，调查组的领导⼈Gehman很谨慎地说，如果要真知道这个飞机的左翼出现问题的话，美国航空航天局的研究⼈员肯定会实施营救的，但⽬前问题在于美国航空航天局的研究⼈员有没有反对过或决定反对过进⾏调查，在4、5、6、7段作者讲述了在听证会上的主题即美国航空航天局拒绝接受军事部门提供的卫星照⽚。
本⽂的关键词为“inquiry”、“accident”、“Gehman”、“NASA”等等。
思路解析31「答案」[B]「解析」题⼲问：“本⽂最可能选⾃标题为……的⽂章”。
正确选项为[B]“对哥伦⽐亚号事件的调查”，“inquiry”和“accident”为本⽂的中⼼关键词，很显然⽂章的中⼼关键词作为整篇⽂章的⼤标题。
⽽选项[A]“Gehman对哥伦⽐亚号失事的评论”，在这篇⽂章中作者的态度相当谨慎，就事论事，没有涉及太多的评价。
选项[C]“阐述航天飞机的安全”，离题太远。
选项[D]“美国航空航天局正在被揭露的问题”，⽂中确实讲到美国航空航天局存在问题，但只是⼀部分，⽽不能作为整体。
32「答案」[B]「解析」题⼲问：“在句⼦‘since they could place’中的‘they’所指的是……”。
正确选项为[B]“回答”，对该句进⾏句型分析后，得出“they”指代的对象为前⾯的“answers”，“answer”为在听证会上的回答。
选项[A]“赔偿⾦”，选项[C]“决定”和选项[D]“问题”都与原⽂语境不相符合。
33「答案」[A]「解析」题⼲问：“根据作者，导致哥伦⽐亚号航天飞机失事的主要原因是……”。
⽂中作者明确讲述了导致航天飞机失事可能主要是因为其左翼受到了损坏，因此选项[A]“⼀个很可能左翼受到的损坏”为正确选项。
⽽选项[B]“故意拒绝卫星图⽚”，选项[C]“有⼀种多愁善感以及所涉及的⼀种⾃负”和选项[D]“航天机构在执⾏任务中的⾏动迟缓”都不是导致事件直接引发的原因。
(完整word)考研英语十年真题高频词汇汇总(,推荐文档
考研英语十年真题高频词汇汇总（精编）频率为26次的单词growth n. 增加，增长(量)；生长，发展technology n. 工艺，技术theory n. 理论，原理；学说；看法，见解频率为25次的单词economy n. 经济(制度)，经济情况；节约，省俭频率为23次的单词behavio(u)r n. 行为，举止；运转情况频率为21次的单词account n. 账(目)，账户；叙述，说明vi. 说明(原因等)；(数量、比例方面)占economic a. 经济(学)的，经济上的频率为20次的单词individual a. 单独的，个人的频率为19次的单词product n. 产品，产物；乘积rate n. (比)率；速度，进度；价格，费用频率为18次的单词create vt. 创造，创建，创作；引起，产生频率为17次的单词decline vi.／n.下降，减少，衰退；婉拒hard a．硬的，坚固的；烈性的；困难的ad．努力地；猛烈地：困难地频率为16次的单词ability n. 能力，本领；才能，才智频率为15次的单词professional a．专业的；高水准的spot n. 斑点，污点；地点；一点儿vt．认出，发现；玷污tend vi．倾向，趋向于vt.照管，护理view n. 眼界；风景；(常用pl．)看法vt．看待；观察频率为14次的单词advocate vt/n. 鼓吹(者)，拥护(者)amount n. 数量vi．合计；等同community n. 团体，社会；界，族；社区;群落concern vt. 关联；关心n. 企业；焦虑；关心environment n．环境，周围状况factor n. 因素，要素intelligence n. 智力，智慧；情报likely a. 可能的，有希望的ad．可能return v./n. 回来；归还，送还；回答social a. 社会的；交际的频率为13次的单词consequence n. 结果，后果；重要(性)，重大drug n. 药物；（pl.）麻醉品，毒品expert n. 专家，能手a.熟练的，内行的extend vi. 延续；达到vt. 提供，发出industrial a. 工业的，产业的moral a. 道德(上)的n. 寓意，教育意义频率为12次的单词action n. 行为；活动；作用adult n. 成(年)人a.成年人的，已成熟的ambition n. 雄心；野心competition n. 竞争，比赛capacity n. 容量，容积；能力，才能detail n. 细节，详情vt.详述，细说evidence n. 根据，证据；迹象，形迹evolution n. 进化，演化，渐进fund n. 基金，专款；现款vt．为…提供资金inflation n. 通货膨胀；(充气使)膨胀local a. 当地的．地方的；局部的maintain vt. 维持；维修，保养；主张management n. 经营；管理(部门)；管理人员productivity n. 生产力，生产率survive vt. 幸免于；比…活得长vi.幸存universe n. 宇宙，世界；范围，领域频率为11次的单词learn vt. 学会；得知vi. 学习；了解频率为10次的单词advertising n. 广告宣传；广告业，广告事务affect v. 影响；感动benefit n. 益处v. 有益，得益debate v./n. 辩论，争论directly ad．直接地；立即element n. 要素；元素；基础；自然环境essential a. 必不可少的；本质的n.(常pl.)要素，要点；必需品identify vt. 把…等同于；认出，鉴定vi．认同intend vt. 想要．打算，企图investment n. 投资(额)reasonable a. 合理的；通情达理的；公道的；尚好的responsibility n. 责任(心)；职责，义务opportunity n. 时机，机会personality n. 人格，个性；人物private a. 私人的；秘密的频率为9次的单词alter vt. 改变，变更appropriate a. 适当的vt.私占；拨款用boom n. 叫喊声；繁荣vi.隆隆作响；迅速增长combine v. 联合，化合n.联合企业corporation n. 公司，团体enterprise n. 进取心，事业心；(企)事业单位federal a. 联邦的gas n. 煤气；气体；汽油highly ad. 高(度)地，非常issue n. 问题，争论点v.颁布，出版；分发；流出，发出organization／-isation n. 团体，机构；组织体制principle n. 原理，原则；信条project n. 计划；项目；工程vt. 投射，放映；(使)伸出recognize/-ise vt. 认出；承认；表彰，报偿specific a. 特有的；具体的n(pl.) 详情，细节structure n. 结构，构造；建筑物vt.构造；安排substance n. 物质；实质；内容；根据trend n. 趋势，倾向；时新款式，时尚频率为8次的单词activity n. 活跃，活力；(常pl.)活动advantage n. 优点，有利条件；利益aspect n. 外表；(问题等的)方面attitude n. 态度，看法；姿势balance v. 使平衡，称n.天平；平衡；差额，结余characteristic a. 特有的，典型的n.特征claim vt./n. 声称，断言；索取comment n. 评论，意见vi.评论constitute vt. 组成；设立contract v. 订(约)；缩小n.合同，包工creative a. 创造(性)的，有创造力的culture n. 教养，教育；文化；培植，培养historical a. 历史(上)的，史学的interpret vt. 解释，说明，诠释vi.口译，翻译manner n. 方式，方法；态度，举止；风度，礼貌，规矩mass n. 大量；团，块; (pl) 群众；质量obtain vt. 获得vi．通用，流行powerful a. 强大的，有力的；强壮的predict vt. 预告，预言，预测risk n. 风险，危险；冒险vt.冒…的危险robot n. 机器人，自动机械shift v. 转移；改变，转变n.转换；轮(或换)班species n. 种，类频率为7次的单词approach v./n. 接近n.途径；方法argument n. 争论，辩论；论点，论据assume vt. 假定；承担；呈现blueprint n. 计划，蓝图climate n. 气候；风气，气氛competitive a. (好)竞争的；求胜心切的；有竞争力的complex a. 复杂的；复合的n. 综合体concept n. 概念，观念，思想confuse vt. 使困惑；混乱，混淆critical a. 危急的，决定性的，关键性的；批评(判)的crude a. 天然的；生的；粗鲁的emerge vi.出现；发生，显露employee n.受雇者，雇员existence n.存在；生存，生活(方式)innovation n.新方法，新事物；革新interview n./v.接见，会见；面试；采访involve vt.使卷入，使参与；包含，牵涉journal n.定期刊物；日志link v. 连接，联系n. 环节，联系，纽带manifest a. 明显的vt. 使显现；证明motion n.运动；手势，眼色；提议v. (向…)打手势，示意频率为6次的单词analysis n. 分析(报告)apply vi. 申请，请求；适用于vt.应用，运用arise vi. 出现，发生；引起，起源于；起身assumption n. 假定，臆断；担任，承担assure vt. 使确信，使放心；确保authority n. 权威，专家；权力；(常用pl．)官方，当局avoid vt. 避免，避开；预防bias n. 偏见；偏袒，偏心vt.使有偏见brief a. 简洁的v. 简短介绍，简要汇报cash n．现金v.兑现，付(或收)现款challenge vt. 向…挑战n.挑战；难题committee n. 委员会conflict n. 冲突；战斗vi. 冲突，抵触consideration n. 考虑；体贴，关心constant a. 不断的；始终如一的；忠实的n.常数consumption n. 消耗量，消费量contact vt./n. (与…取得)联系convention n. 大会；协定，公约；惯例convince vt. 使确信，使信服，说服cosmic a. 宇宙的data n. 资料，数据definition n. 定义；清晰(度)，鲜明(度)delivery n. 交付，投递；分娩；演讲的风格(方式) demonstrate vt. 说明,演示；论证；表露vi.游行示威(或集会) deny vt. 否认；拒绝给予，拒绝…的要求digital a. 数字的discipline vt./n. 纪律；学科；训练；惩罚distinction n. 差别；区分，辨别；优秀educate v. 教育，培养，训练effective a. 有效的；事实上的electronic a. 电子的emphasis n. 强调，重点enable vt. 使能够，使可能，使可行error n. 错误，差错establish vt. 建立，设立，创办；确定extent n. 广度，宽度；范围，程度focus v. 聚焦n. 焦点，焦距；(活动等的)中心function n. 功能；函数vi．运行，起作用fundamental a. 根本的，基础的n. (常pl.)基本原则gene n. 基因genius n. 天才，天赋；天才人物giant n. 巨人；才智超群的人a．巨大的humo(u)r n. 幽默(感)；脾性，情绪，心情v. 使满足，迁就implication n. 含意，暗示；牵连improvement n. 增进；改进(处)independent a. 独立自主的；中立的；无关的influence vt./n. 影响(力) n. 势力，权势instinct n. 本能，直觉；生性，天性intention n. 意图，意向，目的invention n. 发明，创造；捏造，虚构item n. 条款，项目；(新闻等的)一条mechanism n. 机械装置；机构；机制observation n. 注意，观察；言论；(常pl.)观察数据odd a. 古怪的；奇数的；剩余的n.(p1.) 可能性offend vt. 冒犯；使不舒服；违犯oppose vt. 反对，反抗panel n. 控制板，仪表盘；专门小组phenomenon n. 现象；非凡的人(或物)physical a. 物理(学)的；物质的；身体的potential a. 潜在的，可能的n. 潜力，潜能prolong vt. 延长，拉长，拖延psychological a. 心理(学)的reflect v. 反射；反省，深思；反映relevant a. 有关的，切题的remark v. 评论，谈论；注意到，察觉n. 评语，议论，意见requirement n. 要求；需要(的东西)respond vi. 回答，答复；响应rsponse n. 回答，答复；反应，响应responsible a. 负责任的；重要的；有责任感的revolution n. 革命；旋转，转数rob vt／vi. 抢劫，盗取scale n. 刻度；级别；规模；鳞；(pl.)天平secure a. 安全的，可靠的vt．获得；使安全site n. 位置，地点vt. 使坐落在，设置status n. 地位，身份；情形，状况stock n. 库存，现货；股票v.储备a．常备的stress n. 压力，紧张；重音；强调vt．强调；重读sufficient a. 足够的，充分的survey n. 测量；概括论述；调查sympathy n. 同情(心)；支持；(pl.)慰问threaten v. (构成)威胁，可能发生unemployment n. 失业(人数)vote vi．投票n. 选票；选举；投票总数频率为5次的单词abroad ad. 国外，在国外；到处appeal vi/n. 呼吁；申诉；(有)吸引力；求助captive n. 俘虏a.被俘虏的；被迷住的infrastructure n. 基础结构，基本设施(如运输、动力等) premium n. 保险金；奖品a.高级的；售价高的resign vi. 辞职vt．放弃；使顺从span n. 跨距，范围v.横越title n. 题目，标题；称号，头衔；权益，权利unlikely a. 未必的，靠不住的频率为4次的单词abandon vt. 抛弃；放弃acknowledge vt. 承认；告知收到，致谢addition n.（增）加，加法；附加（物）advertisement n.（登）广告；公告aid n. 援助；助手，辅助物（设备）v.帮助，援助annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气，打搅apparent a. 表面上的；显然的，明白的appreciate vt. 鉴赏；领会；感激vi.增值artificial a. 人工的；假的，矫揉造作的assemble v.（人）集合，聚集；（物）装配attribute vt. 把···归因于n.属性basis n. 基本，根据，原则bid vt. 命令；祝，表示v./n. 出价，投标n.企图，努力career n. 履历，生涯；职业ceremony n. 典礼，仪式；礼仪character n. 特征；性格，品质；人物，角色；（汉）字commercial a. 商务的；商业（性）的n.商业广告commit vt. 将···托付给；使承担义务，献身于；犯（错误）commodity n. 商品，货物comparative a. 比较的，相对的comparison n. 比较；比拟，比喻compensation n. 补偿，赔偿conduct vt. 指挥；管理；传导n. 行为；管理（方式）conference n. 讨论，会谈；（正式）会议confidence n. 信任，信心，自信；秘密confront vt. 遭遇；勇敢地面对；使对质contrast v./n.（形成）对比，对照conventional a. 常规的；普通的criminal a. 犯罪的，刑事的n.罪犯crisis n. 危机，危急关头；关键时刻critic n. 批评家，评论家current a. 流行的，当前的n.（潮）流；电流；趋势cycle n. 循环，周期vi.循环define vt. 限定，规定；给···下定义，解释deprive vt. 剥夺，使丧失derive v. 起源，衍生；追溯···的起源deserve vt. 应受，值得，应得device n. 装置，设备，器械；手段，策略diminish vt. （使）减少，减小，降低disappear vi. 不见，消失discard vt. 打出（无用的牌）；抛弃，丢弃easily ad. 容易地，不费力地efficient a. 效率高的，有能力的employer n. 雇佣者，雇主entitle vt. 给（书、文章）题名；给···权利（或资格）estimate vt./n. 估计，估量n.评价，看法executive a. 执行的，实施的n. 董事，行政负责人expense n. 花费；(pl.) 开支export v./n. 出口，输出（品）external a. 外部的，外面的，外表的fascinate vt. 强烈地吸引，迷住fashion n. 方式，样子；流行款式，时装fatal a. 致命的；重大的，决定性的flash n. 闪光（灯）vi.闪光，闪烁；飞驰，掠过forbid vt. 不许，禁止formal a. 形式的；正式的formation n. 形成（物），构成former a. 以前的，在前的n. 前者gross a. 总的，毛重的；臃肿的vt. 获得···总收入（或毛利）n.总额guarantee n. 保证（书）vt.保证，担保happiness n. 幸福，幸运，快乐harmful a. 有害的hence ad. 因此；从此illustrate vt. 阐明；（给···作插图）说明imply vt. 暗示，含有···的意思indicate vt. 指出，指示；表明，示意inevitable a. 不可避免的，必然（发生）的injure vt. 伤害，损害，损伤intellectual n. 知识分子a.智力的，善于思维的intelligent a. 聪明的，有才智的internal a. 内部的，内地的，国内的；内心的；内在的justify vt. 证明···正当（或有理），为···辩护label n. 标签，标记；称号vt.贴标签于；把···称为manufacture vt. 制造，加工n.制造（业）；产品modify vt. 修改，更改；（语法上）修饰monopoly n. 垄断（物、商品），专卖商品mostly ad. 几乎全部地，主要地，基本上neglect vt./n. 忽视，忽略；疏忽，玩忽network n. [广义]网络，网状物；[狭义]广播网，电视网nevertheless ad. 仍然，然而，不过notion n. 概念，观念；意图，想法nuclear a. 核能的，原子核的；核心的offspring n.（sing.同pl.）子孙，后代，结果originate v. 起源于，产生；创造，开创pace n. 步（速），速度，节奏vi．踱步painful a. （引起）疼痛的；困难的politics n. [单数性]政治（学）；[复数性]政纲，政见possess vt. 占有，拥有poverty n. 贫困，贫穷privilege n. 特权，优惠profit n. 利润；收益v.有益于；得益promote vt. 促进，发扬；提升；推销proportion n. 比例；部分；均衡，相称pursue vt. 追踪，追赶；从事；追求radical a. 根本的；激进（派）的n.激进分子range n.（变动）范围；一系列v.变动；涉及；使排列成行rarely ad. 很少，难得reality n. 现实，实际；真实register n./v. 登记，注册regulate vt. 控制，管理；调整，调节reject vt. 拒绝；退回n.被拒货品，不合格产品remarkable a. 引人注目的；非凡的replace vt. 取代；把···放回原处；更换represent vt. 象征；描绘；代表restriction n. 限制，约束reveal vt. 揭露；（事物）展现，显示reward n./vt. 报酬，酬金；报答，奖赏rival vt. 与···竞争a. 竞争的n.竞争对手scatter vt. 撒（播）；使散开，驱散security n. 安全，安定，保证skilled a. 熟练的，有技能的；需要技能的storage n. 储藏（量），保管；库房strive vi. 努力，奋斗，力求style n. 风格；式样；时尚vt.（根据新款式）设计surplus n. 剩余，盈余a.过剩的，多余的surround vt. 包围；环绕，围绕survival n. 幸存（者），残存物target n. 目标，对象，靶子vt. 瞄准tendency n. 趋向，趋势trace vt. 查出；追溯;描摹n.痕迹，踪迹；微量tradition n. 惯列，传统transform vt. 把···转换成；变换，改革union n. 工会，同盟；联合；一致utility n. 功用，效用；（常pl.）公用事业valid a. 有根据的；有效的visible a. 看得见的，可见的，有形的wisdom n. 智慧，明智；格言，名言worthwhile a. 值得（做）的频率为3次的单词abuse vt./n. 滥用；辱骂，虐待acquisition n. 获得（物），取得activate vt. 使活动起来，使开始起作用alternative a. 两者择一的n. 供选择的东西anticipate vt. 预料，期望；先于···行动assess vt.估价，评估，评定assign vt.分配，布置；指定；指派，选派assignment n.（分派的）任务；分配，委派associate vi. 交往vt.使联想；使联合n.伙伴，同事a. 副的attain vt. 达到，获得ban v./n. 禁止bind vt. 捆绑，捆扎；使结合；约束；装订budget v. （编）预算；安排，规划n.预算（拨款）a.合算的，廉价的candidate n. 侯选人；应考者casual a. 碰巧的；随便的；临时的；census n. 人口普查，统计chemical a. 化学的n.（pl.）化学制品，化学药品circumstance n. 环境，条件，形势；（pl.）境况，状况colleague n. 同事，同僚compel vt. 强迫，迫使complaint n. 抱怨；控告；疾病compose vt. 创作，为···谱曲；组成，构成；使平静comprehension n. 理解（力）conclusion n. 结尾；推论，结论confusion n. 混淆；混乱；困惑congress n. 代表大会；[C]国会，议会connection n. 连接，联系considerate a. 体贴的，体谅的contend v. 斗争；竞争；主张context n. 上下文，语境；环境，背景contrary a. 相反的，对抗的n. 相反，对立面contribute v. 贡献出，捐赠，捐助；投稿counsel v./n. 忠告n.法律顾问，辩护人crucial a. 至关重要的，决定性的decrease v./n. 减少，减小democratic a. 民主的，有民主精神(或作风)的dependent a. 依靠的，依赖的；取决于dispute v./n. 争论，争议disregard vt. 不理会，漠视n. 忽视，漠视distort vt. 扭曲；歪曲，曲解vi.变形distract vt. 使分心，转移；迷惑diverse a. 多种多样的draft n. 草稿，草案；汇票；征兵vt．起草；招募drift vi. 漂泊，游荡n.漂流(物)；大意economics n. 经济学；(pl.)经济状况，经济因素，经济意义efficiency n. 效率，效能，功效endanger v. 危及，危害endure v. 持续；忍受，忍耐enlarge v. 扩大；放大enlighten vt. 启发，开导enormous a. 庞大的，巨大的，极大的ensure vt. 保证，担保，确保equip vt. 装备，配备；使有准备equivalent a. 等价的；相当的n. 等价物essay n. 短文，文章establishment n. 建立；机构，企业；当权人物evolve v. (使)发展，(使)进化，(使)演变exceed vt. 超出；越出excess n. 超越；过量，过度a．过量的，额外的extreme a. 末端的；极端的，极度的n.极端，过分fade v. (使)褪色；逐渐消失；凋谢failure n. 没做到；失败fiction n. [总称]小说；虚构flourish vi. 繁荣，茂盛，兴旺folk n. (常pl.) 人们a.民间的forecast v.／n. 预报，预测formulate vt. 用公式表示；规划；阐明generate vt. 生殖；生产；引起，导致geology n. 地质学；地质情况global a. 全球的，全世界的；总的，完整的grant n. 拨款，授予物vt. 授予，同意，准予gravity n. 重力；严重；庄重，严肃handle n. 把手vt.触摸；操作；处理，对待harm n./vt. 伤害，损害，危害helpful a. 有帮助的；有益的，有用的hesitate vi. 犹豫，踌躇；含糊，支吾highlight vi. 使显著，突出n.精彩场面hospitality n. 友好款待，好客ideal n. 理想的东西(或人)a. 理想的；想像的immigrant n. 移民，侨民immune a. 免疫的；不受影响的；免除的impact n./v. 冲击，碰撞；影响，作用import vt./n. 进口，输入impose v. 把…强加于；征(税)，处以(罚款、监禁) inferior a. 下等的，下级的；次的n. 下级，晚辈inform vt. 通知，报告vi．告发，检举inquiry n. 打听，询问；调查instance n. 例子，例证，事例instant n. 瞬间a.立即的；紧急的；速溶的instrument n. 仪器，器械，工具；乐器insurance n. 保险(业,费)interact vi. 互相作用，互相影响irritate vt. 使恼怒，使烦躁；使疼痛keen a. 热心的，喜爱的；敏锐的；锋利的legislation n. 法律，法规；立法leisure n. 空闲时间，闲暇；悠闲liability n. 责任；(常pl.)负债；累赘logical a. 逻辑(上)的，符合逻辑的mankind n. 人类mathematical a. 数学(上)的military a. 军事的，军队的n. 军方；陆军mode n. 方式，式样moreover ad. 而且，此外motive n. 动机，动因，目的multitude n. 大量，许多；民众novel n. (长篇)小说a．新颖的，新奇的oblige vt. 迫使，责成；(使)感激，施恩于opponent n. 敌手，对手；反对者optimistic a. 乐观(主义)的organic a. 有机物的，有机体的output n. 产量；输出(功率) vt. 输出(信息、数据等) phase n. (方)面；阶段vt．分阶段实行(或计划) pollution n. 污染precise a. 精确的，准确的；严谨的prejudice n. 偏见，成见vt. 使有偏见；对…不利presence n. 出席，存在；仪态primary a. 最初的，初级的；首要的，基本的prompt vt. 促使，推动；提示a.敏捷的，及时n.提词，提示proof n. 证据，证明a．能防…的propose v. 提出；提名，推荐；打算；求婚proposition n. 建议，提案；主张；命题outlook n. 观点；前景；景色prosperity n. 兴旺，繁荣provision n. 供应；条款，规定；(pl.)给养random a. 任意的，随机的rare a. 稀有的；(空气等)稀薄的；(肉)煎得嫩的readily ad. 容易地，迅速地；乐意地reckon vt. 认为，估计；指望，盼望；测量recovery n. 痊愈；重获，恢复reference n. 提到；参考(书目)；推荐信(或人)reform vt./n. 改革，改良vi.改正，改过自新region n. 地区，区域；范围，幅度regret v./n. 懊悔，遗憾，抱歉relieve vt. 缓解，减轻；使宽慰；接替religion n. 宗教，信仰；信念，信条resist v. 忍住；抗(病等)；反抗，抵制revolve vi. 旋转schedule n. 时刻表；清单vt. 安排screen n. 屏幕，银幕；帘，纱窗vt.遮蔽；播放select vt. 选择，挑选a.精选的；一流的sensitive a. 敏感的；神经过敏的；易受伤的significance n. 意义，含义；重要性，重大slip vi. 滑(倒)；溜走；下降n.疏漏vt．悄悄放进solution n. 解答，解决(办法);溶液somewhat ad. 稍微，有点spite n. 恶意，怨恨stake n. 标桩；利害关系；股份；赌注vt.以…打赌，拿…冒险standardize/-ise v. 使符合标准，使标准化steer vt.. 引导strategy n. 战略，策略stream n. 溪流；一股，一串vi.流出substantial a. 牢固的；充裕的；主要的，实质性的trail n. 小路；痕迹vt．跟踪vi. 拖，下垂；(比赛等)失败transition n. 过渡，转变transmit vt. 播送，发射；传送，传染transport n. 运输(系统)，运输工具vt.运输，运送trial n. 审讯；考验，试验typical a. 典型的，有代表性的underlie v. 构成…的基础unexpected a. 想不到的，意外的unfortunately ad. 不幸地；遗憾的是unknown a. 未知的，不知名的unlike a. 不同的prep．不像…，和…不同unusual a. 不平常的；与众不同的urgent a. 急迫的，紧要的vain a. 徒劳的，无效的；自负的verify vt. 证明，证实via prep. 经，通过violence n. 暴力；猛烈，剧烈whereas conj．然而，可是，不过。
2006年考研英语真题及参考答案完整版
2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题及参考答案完整版Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A] [B] [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. __1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly __2__. To help homeless people__3__ independence the federal government must support job training programs __4__ the minimum wage and fund more low-cost housing.__5__ everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates __6__ anywhere from 600000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is __8__. One of the federal governmen t’s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.__11__ when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night a good number still spend the bulk of each day __13__ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others __14__ not addicted or mentally ill simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives __16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are __17__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. __18__ Edward Blotkowsk director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts __19__ it “There has to be __20__ of programs. What we need is a package deal.”1.[A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore2.[A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain3.[A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward4.[A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep5.[A] generally [B] almost [C] hardly [D] not6.[A] cover [B] change [C] range [D] differ7.[A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that8.[A] inflating [B] expanding [C] increasing [D] extending9.[A] predicts [B] displays [C] proves [D] discovers10.[A] assist [B] track [C] sustain [D] dismiss11.[A] Hence [B] But [C] Even [D] Only12.[A] lodging [B] shelter [C] dwelling [D] house13.[A] searching [B] strolling [C] crowding [D] wandering14.[A] when [B] once [C] while [D] whereas15.[A] life [B] existence [C] survival [D] maintenance16.[A] around [B] over [C] on [D] up17.[A] complex [B] comprehensive [C] complementary [D] compensating18.[A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus19.[A] puts [B] interprets [C] assumes [D] makes20.[A] supervision [B] manipulation [C] regulation [D] coordinationSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A] [B] [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democ ratizing uniformity of dress and discourse and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite” these were stores “anyone could enter regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media advertising and sports a re other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neit her at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890 9.2 for every 1000. Now consider three indices of assimilation -- language home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the descxxxxription of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word “homogenizing” (Line 2 Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22.According to the author the department stores of the 19th century ________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25.In the author’s opinion the absorption of immigrants into American society is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon as we all know has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come not to see the plays but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare who earns their living was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers the RSC contends who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars the Lear Lounge the Banquo Banqueting Room and so forth and will be very expensive.Anyway the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1431 seats were 94 percent oc cupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason of course is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most at tractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean pointed dedicated faces wearing jeans and sandals eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26.From the first two paragraphs we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28.By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3 Paragraph 4) the author implies that________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29.According to the townsfolk the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30.From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large slow-growing animals were easy game and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days too longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore in the early days of longline fishing a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baxxxxseline which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists that of the “shifting baxxxxseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that which is a bad way to do business.31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32.We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. W orm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33.By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1 paragraph 3) Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34.Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baxxxxseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baxxxxseline to the changing situation35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ ________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art like painting and music are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless phony or worst of all b oring as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason in fact may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all what is the one modern form of exxxxxpression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media and with it a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted lived with few protections and died young. In the West before mass communication and literacy the most powerful mass medium was the church which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial and forever happy. Fast-food eaters news anchors text messengers all smiling smiling smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today surrounded by promises of easy happiness we need art to tell us as religion once did Memento mori: remember that you will die that everything ends and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette yet somehow a breath of fresh air.36.By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire the author intends to show that________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37.The word “bummer” (Line 5 paragraph 5) most probably means something ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38.In the author’s opinion advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes ________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40.Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deathsPart BDirections:In the following article some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45 choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville Ind. home of David Williams 52 and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino Williams a state auditor earning $35000 a year lost approximately $175000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him as a good customer a "Fun Card" which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time all night until the boat docked at 5 a.m.then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Menta l Health. Nevertheless Williams’s suit charges that the casino knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44) ________. Pushed by science or what claims to be science society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries 29 have casinos and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995 competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A]Although no such evidence was presented the casino’s marketing department continued to pepp er him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?[C]By the time he had lost $5000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even he would quit. One night he won $5500 but he did not quit.[D]Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E]David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F]It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems often defining as addictions what earlier sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G]The anonymous lonely undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they not America who have become anti-intellectual. First the obxxxxject of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46）I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously articulately and frankly first by asking factual questions then by asking moral questions finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47)）His function is analogous to that of a judge who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist for one. 48）I have excluded him because while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments manufacture evidence or doctor his reports. 49）But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This descxxxxription even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing living in "public and illustrious thoughts” as Emerson would say is something else.Section IIIWritingPart A51.DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上;图2 花300元做“小贝头”注：Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。
2006年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s 1population. homelessness has reached such proportions that2local governments can’t possibly . To help homeless people 3independence, the federal government must support job training 4programs, the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless.67Estimates anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the 89 homeless is . One of the federal government’s studiesthat the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.10Finding ways to this growing homeless population has11become increasingly difficult. when homeless individuals12manage to find a that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each 13day the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of14the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, not15addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday skills16needed to turn their lives . Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 1718programs that address the many needs of the homeless. Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in1920Massachusetts, it, “There has to be of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”1.[A] Indeed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore[D] Furthermore2.[A] stand[B] cope[C] approve[D] retain3.[A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward4.[A] raise[B] add[C] take[D] keep5.[A] generally[B] almost[C] hardly[D] not6.[A] cover[B] change[C] range[D] differ7.[A] Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that8.[A] inflating[B] expanding[C] increasing[D] extending9.[A] predicts[B] displays[C] proves[D] discovers10.[A] assist[B] track[C] sustain[D] dismiss11.[A] Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only12.[A] lodging[B] shelter[C] dwelling[D] house13.[A] searching[B] strolling[C] crowding[D] wandering14.[A] when[B] once[C] while[D] whereas15.[A] life[B] existence[C] survival[D] maintenance16.[A] around[B] over[C] on[D] up17.[A] complex[B] comprehensive[C] complementary[D] compensating2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题18.[A] So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus19.[A] puts[B] interprets[C] assumes[D] makes20.[A] supervision[B] manipulation[C] regulation[D] coordinationSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population;in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probablymeans ________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22.According to the author, the department stores of the 19thcentury ________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned inParagraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25.In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants intoAmerican society is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is theplaygoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26.From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’srevenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palaceseparately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28.By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3,Paragraph 4), the author implies that ________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29.According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30.From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what isin the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggestthat ________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32.We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries hasreduced by 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 yearsago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the originalamount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in newfisheries than in the old33.By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, paragraph 3),Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34.Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longertime[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changingsituation35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the mostpowerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36.By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, theauthor intends to show that ________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37.The word “bummer” (Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably meanssomething ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38.In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40.Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to informthe casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44) ________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A]Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketingdepartment continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsivebehavior. And in what sense was his will operative?[C]By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if hecould get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D]Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, butfor a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E]David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. Butdon’t bet on it.[F]It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and morebehavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G]The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling isespecially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everydayperformance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.Section III WritingPart A51.DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (202006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题points)有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上；图2 花300元做“小贝头”注：Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。
2006考研英语真题词汇
2006：Estimatesrange anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.估计数量在60万和300万之间。
Estimate– nounlodging /ˈlɒdʒɪŋ/ |TEM4N-UNCOUNT If you are provided with lodging or lodgings, you are provided with a place to stay for a period of time. You can use lodgings to refer to one or more of these places. 寄宿处例：He was given free lodging.他得到了免费住宿。
stroll /strəʊl/ |CET6 TEM41.V-I If you stroll somewhere, you walk there in a slow, relaxed way. 溜达例：He collected some orange juice from the refrigerator and, glass in hand, strolled to the kitchen window.他从冰箱里取了些橙汁，然后手拿玻璃杯，溜达到厨房的窗边。
2.N-COUNT Stroll is also a noun. 溜达例：After dinner, I took a stroll round the city.晚饭后，我绕着城溜达了一圈。
maintenance /ˈmeɪntɪnəns/ |CET4 TEM41.N-UNCOUNT The maintenance of a building, vehicle, road, or machine is the process of keeping it in good condition by regularly checking it and repairing it when necessary. 检修例：...maintenance work on government buildings.…政府各大楼的检修工作。
【红宝书】考研英语10年真题——2005年.词汇注释
ＳｅｃｔｉｏｎＩＵｓｅｏｆＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ ３０ ＳｅｃｔｉｏｎＩＩＲｅａｄｉｎｇＣｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎＰａｒｔＡ ３１ Ｔｅｘｔ１ ３１ Ｔｅｘｔ２ ３３ Ｔｅｘｔ３ ３４ Ｔｅｘｔ４ ３５ ＰａｒｔＢ ３７ ＰａｒｔＣ ３８
２００７年考研ｎｇｌｉｓｈ ４８ ＳｅｃｔｉｏｎＩＩＲｅａｄｉｎｇＣｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎＰａｒｔＡ ４９ Ｔｅｘｔ１ ４９ Ｔｅｘｔ２ ５０ Ｔｅｘｔ３ ５２ Ｔｅｘｔ４ ５３ ＰａｒｔＢ ５４ ＰａｒｔＣ ５５
一、词汇 分类注释
读不懂文章的第一个原因，首先是对词汇的认知程度达不到要求，即对词汇的掌握无论在数量上 还是在深度上都不够。因此，本书通过对 １０年考研英语试题中词汇出现频率的数据统计及对英语水 平一般的考生进行测试调查和抽样分析，最终确定了 １０年考研英语试题每篇文章中的重点词汇和难 点词汇，并将其划分为：大纲词汇、超纲词汇和重点词组。
二、长难句 精细剖析
读不懂文章的另一个重要原因是文章中出现了“长难句”的缘故。“长难句”无疑是阅读理解和 英译汉的“拦路虎”。长难句无非有两大特点：一是复杂的句子结构；二是句子中的词汇经常会出现一 词多义和熟词僻义的现象。第一点重在考查考生对语法的掌握和运用能力；第二点则是考查考生对 词汇掌握的深度。因此，本书分别从上述两个方面对“长难句”进行了剖析，特别对英译汉部分的划线 长难句更是不遗余力地从句子结构、翻译要点和词汇难点等几个方面进行了细致的分析。从而有效 地帮助考生学习和攻克考研长难句。
２００２年考研英语真题词汇注释 ９
ＳｅｃｔｉｏｎＩＩＵｓｅｏｆＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ ９ ＳｅｃｔｉｏｎＩＩＩＲｅａｄｉｎｇＣｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎＰａｒｔＡ ９ Ｔｅｘｔ１ ９ Ｔｅｘｔ２ １１ Ｔｅｘｔ３ １２ Ｔｅｘｔ４ １４ ＰａｒｔＢ １６
考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解—2006年完形填空(下)
考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2005年完形填空（下）这是一篇社会生活类文章，主要是讲述了人的鼻子为什么对有些气味是不敏感的。
文章中的单词难度适中，基本没有超纲词汇，但是逻辑词和长难句偏多，可能会影响同学们的理解。
同样，文章中出现了许多高频重点单词，以下是本文中出现的10个，就让我们一起来学习吧！1. 13expose [ɪk'spoz]vt. 揭露，揭发;使曝光;显示【词根记忆】：ex(在…前面)+pose(姿势)→expose(在其前面摆好姿势，显示)【短语搭配】：expose to 暴露; 使暴露; 使曝光; 暴露于expose uncover 使暴露; 暴露于【真题例句】：However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough.然而我们却发现，即使刚开始对某种气味不敏感的人，如果常常接触该气味，那么他也会突然变得对这种气味敏感了。
(2005年完型填空)2. 2inefficient [ɪnɪ'fɪʃ(ə)nt]adj. 无效率的，效率低的;无能的【词根记忆】：in(否定前缀)+efficient(有效的)→inefficient(无效率的，效率低的)【短语搭配】：expose to 暴露; 使暴露; 使曝光; 暴露于expose uncover 使暴露; 暴露于Auto Expose 自动曝光【真题例句】：The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it inefficient to keepall smell receptors working all the time but can creat new receptors if necessary. 看来，对嗅觉不灵的解释应该是：大脑发现让所有嗅觉感受器都始终工作的话效率太低，但是在必要时却能产生新嗅觉感受器。
考研英语历年真题词汇总结(2006~2014)
考研英语历年真题词汇总结（2006~2014）2014年1.fade (v.衰退）[真题例句] As the brain fades，we refer to these occurrences“senior moments.”我们称这些事件为“老年人的时刻”。
【考研，2014，完形】2、damaging (a.破坏性的），wellbeing (n.幸福）[真题例句] Whileseemingly innocent，this loss of mental focuscan potentially have a damaging impact on our professional，social，and personal wellbeing.虽然看似无害，但这种精神无法集中的情况有可能会对我们的事业、社交和个人幸福产生破坏性的影响。
【考研，2014，完形】3、turn out (证明为），workout (n.锻炼），function (n.功能）[真题例句] It turned out that the brain needs exercise inmuch the same way our muscles do，and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions.事实证明，与肌肉训练很相似，大脑也需要训练，适当的只能训练可以显著提高我们的基本认知功能。
【考研,2014,完形】4、process(n.过程)[真题例句]Thinking is essentially a process of making connections in the brain.思维本质上是一个再大脑里建立联系的过程。
【考研，2014，完型】5、excel(v.擅长)[真题例句] To a certain extent,our ability to excel in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited.擅长在大脑中建立联系的这种能力是遗传得来的，这些联系推动了智力的发展。