刘意青《简明英国文学史》课后习题详解(世纪末和现代主义文学现代主义文学)【圣才出品】

合集下载

刘意青《简明英国文学史》课后习题详解（文艺复兴与莎士比亚英国文艺复兴时期文学）【圣才出品】

刘意青《简明英国⽂学史》课后习题详解（⽂艺复兴与莎⼠⽐亚英国⽂艺复兴时期⽂学）【圣才出品】第3章英国⽂艺复兴时期⽂学1.How did England become the most powerful country during the Tudor reign? Key:The Tudor reign reached its summit during the time of Queen Elizabeth (reigning1558-1603),who adopted moderate policies to achieve a balance both between the rising middle class and the feudal lords and between the Protestants and the Catholics.It was a peaceful time and England became a powerful state.In 1588the English navy defeated the Spanish invincible Armada and thus eliminated her most dangerous enemy on the high seas and in the world trade. English ships started to visit lands all over theworld,including America and other distant countries.They brought home great wealth and fortunes and set up the first English colonies overseas as well.2.What does the word“Renaissance”mean and why do we call this historical period the English Renaissance Period? Key:Renaissance is a French word,meaning“rebirth”or“revival”,and in this particular context,it means the revival of arts and sciences of ancient Greece and Rome after the long years of neglect in the medieval time.In England,at first a great number of classical works were translated into English in the15th and16th centuries and English scholars and men of letters showed a strong interest in ancient Greek and Roman art and science.They followed in the wake of the intellectual and literary movement which began inthe14th century in Italy and later spread to France,Spain,Holland and other western European countries.This was usually called the Renaissance Movement in England and its ideal was Humanism.3.Give a brief account of Thomas More’s life and his major work Utopia.Key:Sir Thomas More(1478-1535)was the most prominent humanist of this period,and he was also a Parliament member and a judge by profession.He devoted his spare time to writing and wrote the famous book Utopia in Latin, which was published in1516.In the book More meets a traveler at Antwerp,who has seen a place called Utopia,or“Land of Nowhere”,where communism is adopted as the social system,education is offered to all people,including women,and religious differences are tolerated.It presents More’s ideal of the best possible government form.And since then the word“Utopia”has been used all over the world for ideals that are usually beyond human reach./doc/850d88410266f5335a8102d276a20029bc646312.html Spenser’s major literary work and tell what it is about.Key:Spenser’s major literary work is The Faerie Queene.(1)It is an allegorical romance in verse.According to his plan,there should be 12books,each telling the adventures of one knight dispatched by the Faerie Queen,Gloria,who represents glory in general and Queen Elizabeth in particular.(2)According to his contemporary thought,the virtuous man knows how togovern himself,and thus is qualified to govern others.(3)In the poem Spenser identifies the good ruler with the good man and emphasises the importance of education.(4)But Spenser only managed to finish six books,in which the six virtues of Truth,Temperance,Friendship,Justice,Chastity,and Courtesy are presented./doc/850d88410266f5335a8102d276a20029bc646312.html more writers(poets and playwrights)of this period and tell what you know about them.Key:(List out some writers in this period and introduce their lives and major works according to the textbook.)6.What are Bacon’s chief contributions?Key:Bacon’s chief contributions are that he wrote many significant works,which have become great wealth of human being.7.Who was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare?Discuss one of his plays. Key:Christopher Marlowe was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare.The Tragical History of Dr.Faustus,written in blank verse,is Marlowe’s masterpiece.The story is taken from a medieval German legend,but Marlowe emphasizes humanistic ideals through Faustus’pursuits.Fed up with the four subjects of medieval knowledge(theology,philosophy,medicine and law),he turns to magic to seek the supernatural.Finally he succeeds in raisingMephistophilis,the Devil’s servant and strikes a contract with him,by which Mephistophilis will satisfy his desires such as conjuring the spirit of Alexander the Great in a king’s court,marrying Helen of Greece,and so on.And in exchange for all these services done for him,he agrees to sell his soul to the Devil.He goes through endless spiritual and moral struggles between good and evil during his transaction with Mephistophilis.But,he also shows the Renaissance human spirit of pursuing knowledge and infinite power,as well as the courage to challenge fate and authority.Although Marlowe’s drama lacks variety of characterisation and construction,his success with the blank verse and his mighty dramatic lines mark him as the most important predecessor of Shakespeare.8.What kind of comedy is Ben Jonson’s special contribution?And as a playwright how different is Ben Jonson from Shakespeare?Key:“Comedy of humours”is Ben Jonson’s special contribution.He forms a nice contrast to Shakespeare.(1)Jonson’s theory of“humours”reduces his characters to types,who represent greed,vanity,falsehood,etc.They are flat,one-sided and have no development.Unlike him,Shakespeare digs deep into human nature and depicts the complexities of human relations.(2)Ben Jonson advocates classic Roman and Greek masters,strictly observes the three unities and disapproves of any mixture of the tragic with the comic,while Shakespeare creates according to his own judgment and the taste of the audience,and is very flexible in his handling of drama rules set by hispredecessors.Their differences were so obvious that later Samuel Johnson described one as the poet of art and the other as the poet of nature.However,Jonson could not but see the great talent in Shakespeare,and as a good playwright and a learned man himself,he also admired his rival.。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》课后习题详解（18世纪英国文学小说的兴起）【圣才出品】

刘意青《简明英国⽂学史》课后习题详解（18世纪英国⽂学⼩说的兴起）【圣才出品】第9章⼩说的兴起1.Discuss the social and historical elements that promoted the birth of the modern novel in England.Key:There are several factors that promote the rise and the first flowering of the English novel.First,as we’ve said in the previous section,in the18th century science and technology developed fast,and printing grew as one of the most prosperous trades.Therefore,books were quickly printed and in comparatively larger numbers.Second,with the growth of capitalist economy,the middle class grew strong to become the dominant element in all the aspects of social,political and economic life of England.And with it an urban economy also came into being. Big cities like London increased in number in the country and farmers or the agricultural population swarmed into the city to gradually settle down as traders, servants,workers and apprentices.These new settlers in the cities formed a reading public that badly needed to improve themselves and they provided the necessity and possibility of the flourish of a book market.Third,with the development of industry,women were deprived of their previous opportunities of spinning and weaving at home.Without a way to earn a living,women who failed to marry into a family with secure financial means to support them were forced to work as maids,or became thieves,prostitutes orkept women in the cities.These women,no matter as an idle wife of a rich man,or as a servant girl,joined the public readers and some of them even became writers themselves who sold popular literary works to earn a living.Thus,by mid-18th century,a large book market had been established in England that sold reading stuff of all kinds,from journals and newspapers,political pamphlets,conduct books,travel guides,manuals for house decoration,ghost stories,romances,etc. to serious literature of poetry,drama and prose work written by classical masters like Swift and Johnson.2.Discuss Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe as a typical middle-class novel.Key:Readers of China are mostly familiar with this novel.In the past we emphasised Crusoe’s imperialist and capitalist side,because Marx says in his On the Capital that Crusoe is the typical representative of the rising capitalist class whose sole interest is to expand and exploit,and in Crusoe’s adventures we see how capital is accumulated at the early stage of capitalism.While what Marx says is correct,he only sees the story from a political and economic point of view.As a literary figure,Crusoe is more than just a money-grabbing capitalist and colonialist.He also shows many positive sides of the rising middle class,such as the love for labor,the industrious and thrifty life style,courage to explore strange lands,a curiosity to know the world,and the strong desire to test one’s own strength and establish one’s individual identity.3.What kind of novel did Richardson write?And discuss his two major novels toshow your points.Key:All Richardson’s novels and writings preach the Puritan ideology of hard work,honesty,thrift,industry,and,most of all,the importance of living a virtuous life.For example,his Pamela,or Virtue Rewarded and Clarissa,or The History of a Young Lady.In Pamela,or Virtue Rewarded,Pamela grew up into a beautiful and virtuous young woman with good taste and refined manners,getting through many hardships and threats,and finally she is married to his young master Mr.B, which indicates that her virtue is rewarded. In Clarissa,or The History of a Young Lady,unlike Pamela in birth,Clarissa Harlowe was the daughter of a rich merchant.She was both beautiful and virtuous and had her own share of wealth given to her by her grandfather.But such a young lady could not choose to marry a man she liked and respected,for her father and brother forced her to marry a rich but disgusting and vulgar merchant,in order to merge the property and wealth of the two families.To escape the hatedmarriage,Clarissa,inexperienced and innocent,fell into the hands of a rake Mr.Lovelace and was deceived and kidnapped to a brothel,and later drugged and raped.Although afterwards Lovelace realised his true feelings for Clarissa and proposed marriage,the virtuous girl could neither forgive him nor herself for harboring illusions toward a rake.Finally,she sought a slow suicidal death and wrote her own story as a warning to all the young women.4.How did Fielding name his panoramic novels?What are the main features of his novels?Key:Fielding named his panoramic novels“comic epic in prose”.Epics are usually written in verse,and the subjects are always adventures and heroic deeds of the heroes of noble birth.But here Fielding tells us that he has written a prose work with the epic scope and power,but the main protagonists are common people and even people of the low social status.This is a real revolution in the Western literary history in which literary genres abide by a rather strict rule of levels of style.Although Parson Adams and Joseph are still comic roles,they are no longer minor characters,but the centre of the story.In this experiment of Fielding’s,the new novel has paved way to the more realistic representation of common people’s experiences in the19th century.5.Why do we say that Tristram Shandy is a strange and difficult novel?In what way does this novel anticipate the postmodern novel tendencies?Key:We have several reasons to call Tristram Shandy experimental and difficult. First,it is perhaps the first English novel that does not respect the plot’s time sequence.Second,the book is made difficult by Sterne with a lot of typographical oddities.And third,he has employed a lot of sexual jokes such as his own unfortunate accidents during his mother’s conception of him and later the doctor’s crushing of his nose.Sterne is the first novelist who anticipates the postmodern violation of the temporal sequence of a narrative.。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【考研真题精选+章节题库】(18世纪英国文学(1688-1780))

第4部分18世纪英国文学（1688-1780）一、填空题1.Henry Fielding has been regarded as“_____”,for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.（吉林大学2007研）【答案】Father of the English Novel【解析】亨利·菲尔丁被誉为“英国小说之父”。

2.A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift is a sharp_____against the social injustice in_____.（天津外国语学院2011研）【答案】satire,Ireland【解析】1729年斯威夫特发表的《一个温和的建议》是对英国政府对爱尔兰人民剥削压迫的极度讽刺。

这一宣传册建议爱尔兰的穷人把刚满一周岁的孩子卖给富人，富人可将孩子做成美餐，而穷人也将获得一笔收入。

3.The English novel began to prosper in18th century as a new literary genre.In this period there appeared a number of great novelists such as_____,Daniel Defoe, and_____.（天津外国语学院2011研）【答案】Jonathan Swift,Samuel Richardson【解析】18世纪英国文学的小说家主要有Defoe，Swift，Richardson，Fielding，Smollett and Sterne等。

4.Author:_____Title:_____.（南京大学2007研）At other times,the like battles have been fought between the Yahoos of several neighborhoods,without any visible cause:those of one district watching all opportunities to surprise the next,before they are prepared.But if they find their project has miscarried,they return home,and,for want of enemies,engage in what I call a civil war among themselves.【答案】Author:Jonathan Swift Title:Gulliver’s Travels【解析】题中文段节选自乔纳森的《格列佛游记》。

西方现代派文学_习题集(含答案)

《西方现代派文学》课程习题集一、论述题1.联系作品论述现代主义文学与传统文学在艺术特征上的差异。

2.分析《尤利西斯》的思想内容。

3.联系作品论述现代主义文学的思想特征4.分析《变形记》所表现的异化主题。

5.分析《局外人》中莫索尔的形象。

6.分析《第二十二条军规》的思想内容。

7.联系作品论述后现代主义的艺术特征。

8.联系作品论述新小说的“反小说”特征。

9.联系作品论述黑色幽默的艺术特征。

10.联系作品论述荒诞派戏剧的“反戏剧”特征。

11.分析《百年孤独》的思想内容。

12.分析魔幻现实主义的艺术特征。

二、简答题13.里尔克的诗歌艺术观。

14.影响卡夫卡创作的重要因素有哪些？15.什么是境遇剧。

16.现代主义文学产生的原因是什么？17.什么是异化？现代主义文学异化主题的主要内容是什么？18.《恶之花》在现代文学史上的意义。

19.前期象征主义诗歌的特点。

20.什么是“非个人化”理论？21.后期象征主义与前期象征主义诗歌在艺术上有什么区别？22.《毛猿》的思想意义。

23.表现主义文学的艺术特征。

24.什么是意识流？25.什么是“约克纳帕塔法世系”？26.意识流小说的艺术特征。

27.存在主义文学的基本主题是什么？28.《禁闭》的思想内容。

29.魔幻现实主义文学产生的背景。

30.新小说在叙述手法上的反传统性体现在哪些方面？31.什么是“黑色幽默”。

32.后现代主义文学产生的原因是什么？33.荒诞派戏剧的艺术特征。

34.《椅子》的思想内容。

35.为什么说《窥视者》的主题是“窥视”？36.《窥视者》的艺术特征。

37.黑色幽默产生的社会背景。

38.什么是魔幻现实主义？三、单选题（略）……四、填空题1（略）……答案一、论述题1. 1、传统文学重视模仿，而现代主义是表现艺术。

传统文学注重反映客观世界，而且认为靠理性反映出的这个客观世界是真实的。

现代主义文学具有整体“向内转”的性质，注重描写作者自己的主观精神、情绪和感受。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【课后习题】(英国文艺复兴时期文学)【圣才出品】

第3章英国文艺复兴时期文学1. How did England become the most powerful country during the Tudor reign? Key: The Tudor reign reached its summit during the time of Queen Elizabeth (reigning 1558-1603), who adopted moderate policies to achieve a balance both between the rising middle class and the feudal lords and between the Protestants and the Catholics. It was a peaceful time and England became a powerful state. In 1588 the English navy defeated the Spanish invincible Armada and thus eliminated her most dangerous enemy on the high seas and in the world trade. English ships started to visit lands all over the world, including America and other distant countries. They brought home great wealth and fortunes and set up the first English colonies overseas as well.2. What does the word “Renaissance” mean and why do we call this historical period the English Renaissance Period?Key: Renaissance is a French wor d, meaning “rebirth” or “revival”, and in this particular context, it means the revival of arts and sciences of ancient Greece and Rome after the long years of neglect in the medieval time.In England, at first a great number of classical works were translated into English in the 15th and 16th centuries and English scholars and men of letters showed a strong interest in ancient Greek and Roman art and science. Theyfollowed in the wake of the intellectual and literary movement which began in the 14th century in Italy and later spread to France, Spain, Holland and other western European countries. This was usually called the Renaissance Movement in England and its ideal was Humanism.3. Give a brief account of Thomas More’s life and his major work Utopia.Key: Sir Thomas More (1478-1535) was the most prominent humanist of this period, and he was also a Parliament member and a judge by profession. He devoted his spare time to writing and wrote the famous book Utopia in Latin, which was published in 1516.In the book More meets a traveler at Antwerp, who has seen a place called Utopia, or “Land of Nowhere”, where communism is adopted as the social system, education is offered to all people, including women, and religious differences are tolerated. It presents Mo re’s ideal of the best possible government form. And since then the word “Utopia” has been used all over the world for ideals that are usually beyond human reach.4. Name Spenser’s major literary work and tell what it is about.Key: Spenser’s major litera ry work is The Faerie Queene.(1) It is an allegorical romance in verse. According to his plan, there should be 12 books, each telling the adventures of one knight dispatched by the Faerie Queen, Gloria, who represents glory in general and Queen Elizabeth in particular.(2) According to his contemporary thought, the virtuous man knows how to govern himself, and thus is qualified to govern others.(3) In the poem Spenser identifies the good ruler with the good man and emphasises the importance of education.(4) But Spenser only managed to finish six books, in which the six virtues of Truth, Temperance, Friendship, Justice, Chastity, and Courtesy are presented.5. Name more writers (poets and playwrights) of this period and tell what you know about them.Key: (List out some writers in this period and introduce their lives and major works according to the textbook.)6. What are Bacon’s chief contributions?Key: Bacon’s chief contributions are that he wrote many significant works, which have become great wealth of human being.7. Who was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare? Discuss one of his plays. Key: Christopher Marlowe was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare.The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus, written in blank verse, is Marlowe’s masterpiece. The story is taken from a medieval German legend, but Marlowe emphasizes humanistic ideals through Faustus’ pursuits. Fed up with the four subjects of medieval knowledge (theology, philosophy, medicine and law), heturns to magic to seek the supernatural. Finally he succeeds in raising Mephistophilis, the Devil’s servant and strikes a contract with him, by which Mephistophilis will satisfy his desires such as conjuring the spirit of Alexander the Great in a king’s court, marrying Helen of Greece, and so on. And in exchange for all these services done for him, he agrees to sell his soul to the Devil. He goes through endless spiritual and moral struggles between good and evil during his transaction with Mephistophilis. But, he also shows the Renaissance human spirit of pursuing knowledge and infinite power, as well as the courage to challenge fate and authority. Although Marlowe’s drama lacks variety of characterisation and construction, his success with the blank verse and his mighty dramatic lines mark him as the most important predecessor of Shakespeare.8. What kind of comedy is Ben Jonson’s special contribution? And as a playwright how different is Ben Jonson from Shakespeare?Key: “Comedy of humours”is Ben Jonson’s special contribution.He forms a nice contrast to Shakespeare. (1) Jonson’s theory of “humours” reduces his characters to types, who represent greed, vanity, falsehood, etc. They are flat, one-sided and have no development. Unlike him, Shakespeare digs deep into human nature and depicts the complexities of human relations. (2) Ben Jonson advocates classic Roman and Greek masters, strictly observes the three unities and disapproves of any mixture of the tragic with the comic, while Shakespeare creates according to his own judgment and the taste of theaudience, and is very flexible in his handling of drama rules set by his predecessors.Their differences were so obvious that later Samuel Johnson described one as the poet of art and the other as the poet of nature. However, Jonson could not but see the great talent in Shakespeare, and as a good playwright and a learned man himself, he also admired his rival.。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》课后习题详解(维多利亚英国文学维多利亚时期小说家)【圣才出品】

第15章维多利亚时期小说家1.Choose to discuss one of Dickens’novels.Key:A Tale of Two Cities is a novel telling about individual destinies in a gigantic and turbulent social change like the French Revolution.The two cities referred in the title are Paris and London and the main characters shuttle between the two cities with the former as the center of all conflicts and dangers whereas the latter as the stronghold of safety and the final retreat of the victims of revolution. Unlike his other novels,this one adopts the basic tone of a romantic tale.This novel has always been well received mostly for its thrilling story and the dramatic depiction of characters.It is also good material for films and TV shows. In it we see clearly Dickens’profound sympathy for the exploited and oppressed French peasant class and the persecuted Doctor Manette.Besides the horrible rape and killing and the kidnapping of the innocent doctor to bury his whole life in prison,Dickens’strong accusation of the dissipated and cruel French aristocratic class is also shown in the famous episode of the marquis’carriage dashing through the small town and running over a poor child.Without even stopping,he throws a handful of coins out of the carriage and then orders the carriage to dash ahead,leaving the poor father howling with the dead boy in his arms.Although Dickens’sympathy is with the down-trodden French people,his attitude toward French Revolution is critical.In the novel,he depicts therevolutionary people of Paris as mobs who,guided by hatred,persecute and kill many people indiscriminately.They are described as mad with their intense desire of revenge.Madam Defarge is shown to sit in their inn knitting all day before the revolution.What she knits into the shawl is the names of those who will be sent to the guillotine as soon as they rise up to power.In the end,when trying to kill Darnay’s wife Lucie and their child,this mad woman is shot to death by Lucie’s old nurse in a very comic way.Dickens is not at all alone in abhorring the terror of the mobs after the French Revolution.Some critics criticise him for vilifying revolutionary masses as mad avengers like Madam Defarge.But we can defend him with his equal exposure and criticism in the novel of the cruelty of the French aristocracy.Dickens is, therefore,fully shown as a humanitarian writer advocating moderate reforms to better the society.2.Analyse Vanity Fair to show Thackeray’s thematic emphasis and novelistic style. Key:The sub-title of the book,“A Novel Without a Hero”emphasizes the fact that the writer’s intention was not to portray individuals,but the bourgeois and aristocratic society as a whole.In Vanity Fair,Thackeray has produced a gallery of characters from different strata of the English bourgeois and aristocratic circles.Except for Amelia and Dobbin,all the others are negative in one way or another with Rebecca Sharp topping all in her unscrupulous maneuvers and greed.She has become a classicimage in English literature as well as in life to represent that category of people. However,she is also a victim of that vanity-fair kind of social life.Although his depiction of the positive character Amelia is comparatively weaker,Thackeray’s satirical power and depth in this masterpiece are universally acknowledged not only in his contemporary time,but for always.3.Discuss the romantic elements in Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights.Key:In Jane Eyre,the story is romantic in nature with realistic reflections of Victorian values and social problems.In recent years,critics are paying more attention to its natural images and fairy-tale sub-structures and its references to the Bible and other literary works,which is the element of inter-textuality shown in it.For instance,Jane’s marriage to Rochester,a wealthy man from a higher class,is suggestive of the fairy tale Cinderella.Starting from Jane’s Thornfield life till the end,the novel turns from realistic exposure of the Victorian society to a romantic love affair in an almost secluded country place where strong passion, hidden secret and even Gothic settings and unexpected turns of events replace the cruel but sober reality of life in the first part.Wuthering Heights tells a story of class persecution and revenge.Love in the novel is tragic,morbid and devastating.However,in some critics’mind, Wuthering Heights resembles one of the Gothic romances of the latter part of the 18th century,with its atmosphere of horror on the lonely moor remote from the outside world,and its melodramatic effects and fantastic motifs.ment on George Eliot and her novel Middlemarch.Key:George Eliot was a talented and diligent writer.She was plain,worked hard for accomplishment to win love from her family and friends.She was brave enough to pursue her true love with a married man.She had her own selfhood. Middlemarch is regarded as Eliot’s masterpiece.It is a multi-dimensioned presentation of the provincial life in a small town called Middlemarch.There are two main plot lines:one with Dorothea Brooke’s growth,her marriage and remarriage as its central story,and the other with Doctor Lydgate’s pursuit of his professional ambition and the shattering of his dreams by his wrong marriage and the small town politics.Dorothea is Eliot’s portrait of an honest and courageous woman,who is always sincere and sympathetic toward others and has a strong sense of duty where family,friends and society are concerned.Although she is too idealistic and simple at the start,and makes quite a number of mistakes in her judgment and choice of life,her noble heart and character strength guarantee that she takes lessons from her mistakes and goes on courageously to face life.Eliot describes her musical voice,which shows her as possessing feelings and passions, but at first she is blind to her own nature and obsessed entirely with her intellectual pursuit.But in her second marriage she is able to correct her own mistake.In choosing Ladislaw,an easygoing artist who does not pretend to be authority in any field,she lets her feelings take control.She is Eliot’s ideal ofwhat we should be,that is,a person with all the basic good qualities who develops and matures through life and whose noble and benevolent heart brings good to the community.。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【章节题库】（3-4章）【圣才出品】

刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【章节题库】（3-4章）【圣才出品】第3部分17世纪英国文学（1616-1688）一、填空题1.“With its hero traveling into different places with different companions the story discusses the features of each stage of human life.”（武汉大学2010研）Answer:“_____”by_____【答案】Pilgrim’s Progress;John Bunyan2.John Donne and his followers wrote what would later be called_____—complex highly intellectual verse filled with metaphors.（南开大学2008研；南开大学2007研）【答案】Metaphysical poetry【解析】约翰·多恩是英国十七世纪玄学派诗人，玄学派诗歌以奇特的意象和独具匠心的暗喻著称。

3.John Bunyan,a village tinker,with his strength and sincerity inscribed his name in the English literary history by his famous work_____written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.（天津外国语2010研）【答案】Pilgrim’s Progress【解析】约翰·班扬的代表作《天路历程》被誉为“英国文学中最著名的寓言”。

4.The main part of the title of the novel Vanity Fair,or A Novel without A Hero istaken from the English writer_____’s work_____.（国际关系学院2009研）【答案】John Bunyan;The Pilgrim’s Progress【解析】《名利场》是萨克雷的代表作，该书名字来自于班扬的《天路历程》。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》模拟试题及详解（一）【圣才出品】

刘意青《简明英国文学史》模拟试题及详解（一）【圣才出品】刘意青《简明英国文学史》模拟试题及详解（一）I. Fill in the blanks1. Henry Fielding has been regarded as “_____”, for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.【答案】Father of the English Novel【解析】亨利?菲尔丁被誉为“英国小说之父”。

2. _____ is generally considered to be Chauce r’s masterpiece.【答案】The Canterbury Tales【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》被公认为是乔叟的代表作。

3. John Bunyan, a village tinker, with his strength and sincerity inscribed his name in the English literary history by his famous work _____ written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.【答案】Pilgrim’s Progress【解析】约翰·班扬的代表作《天路历程》被誉为“英国文学中最著名的寓言”。

4. Heathcliff and Catherine are characters in _____ written by _____.【答案】Wuthering Heights, Emily Bront?【解析】Heathcliff和Catherine是英国小说家Emily Bront?小说《呼啸山庄》中的人物。

5. Pip is a character in _____.【答案】Great Expectations【解析】Pip是英国作家Charles Dickens的小说《远大前程》中的主角。

简明英国文学史问题及答案.docx

新乡豫新发电有限责任公司规章制度发布通知2009年第34号《新乡豫新发电有限责任公司绩效工资考核发放管理暂行办法》，已于二00九年四月八目通过，现予发布，自发布之日起施行。

总经理2009年4月8日规章制度控制表新乡豫新发电有限责任公司绩效工资考核发放管理暂行办法1 目的在明确绩效工资计提标准的基础上，建立公司月度综合计划考核结果与部门、员工收入挂钩机制，并加强日常管理考核工作，增强薪酬激励的及时性和有效性，实现员工利益和企业利益的统一，促进公司全面协调持续发展。

2 适应范围公司属各部门在职在岗员工。

3 职责3.1 绩效考核领导小组3.1.1 公司设立绩效考核领导小组，主任由总经理担任，副主任由其他公司领导成员担任，总经理工作部、人事劳动部、财务部、经营管理部、监察审计部、生产管理部、市场营销部、安全监察部、党群工作部的负责人为成员。

绩效考核领导小组负责对各部门重点工作任务和综合计划指标开展情况进行及时跟踪分析、考核和反馈。

3.1.2 各职能部门设立由部门领导和员工代表组成的绩效考核工作小组，负责制定本部门的考核实施细则，并组织实施。

3.2 经营管理部根据分公司下达的月度综合计划编制、下达公司月度综合计划。

3.3 绩效管理委员会的九个职能部门按照《新乡豫新发电有限责任公司月度综合计划管理制度》中管理职责的规定积极开展工作，协助配合经营管理部做好月度综合计划的编制和考核工作，并做好本部门所属管理制度的实施与考核工作。

3.4 人事劳动部负责下达各部门月度绩效工资基数，并根据各职能部门的考核结果兑现各部门月度绩效工资。

4 绩效工资计提标准月度绩效工资基数的计提标准：按核定的各部门当月实际全部在岗员工的岗位工资加技能工资乘以相应的比例，再加上岗位工资的100%计提。

部门中层人员基数＝(J+G)×40%+G×100%;部门主管人员基数＝(J+G)×35%+G×100%;部门其他人员基数＝(J+G)×30%+G×100%;其中：J -- 技能工资G -- 岗位工资三个层级人员的计提基数相加为本部门的当月绩效考核工资基数。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【考研真题精选+章节题库】(简答题)【圣才出品】

五、简答题1.Please interpret Jane Austen’s novel Mansfield Park with“education”as a central concern.（北航2015研）Key:Like other Austen novels,this one is concerned with a young woman striving to find her place in society through individual development.Fanny comes from a poor family but is being raised by her rich aunt and uncle.Fanny has to determine her status by marrying,but only based on her character.The novel explores the issue about whether“nature”—one’s innate qualities—or“nurture”—the environment in which one is raised—is the primary determinant of character. Fanny’s virtue and her cousins,Mary and Henry Crawford’s vice seem to suggest that city life promotes vice and inhibits one’s moral development,while growing up in a country house exposes a child to all that is good.Virtue is finally rewarded in this world,and it is the primary determinant of an individual’s eventual fate.2.Based on“Death of the Laird’s Jock”and“The Tapestried Chamber”, discuss Sir Walter Scott’s art of short story structuring,paying special attention to how the way the story is told heightens the effect of the story.（武汉大学2011研）Key:Sir Walter Scott’s short story is romantic in imagination and his special short story structuring contributes a lot to the mysterious atmosphere of the story.In both“Death of the Laird’s Jock”and“The Tapestried Chamber”,SirWalter Scott tells his story in a narrative style.At first he gives all the background information of the story,which gives the story a general historical setting.And next,through some clues,he tells the strange phenomenon in the story for the reader to imagine,which adds the mysterious atmosphere to the story.Then,Sir Walter Scott tries to reveal the answer through the story itself and finally,he gives his own opinions of the story.3.Describe and make a comment on the following character in about50words: Emma Woodhouse(from Emma).（厦门大学2012研）Key:Emma Woodhouse is a beautiful girl of a rich family.She is happy,clever,and headstrong and is inordinately fond of matchmaking.But she herself is oblivious to the question of whom she might marry.Through this comedy of sentimental education,she discovers a capacity for love and marriage.4.Summarize Puritans’beliefs.（北航2011研）Key:The Puritans are seen as a society of prudish and extremely strict Christians who possess rigid orthodox and disciplined rules and beliefs,and live their lives according to the Holy Bible.The puritans believe in leading a simple and plain life, according to the most supreme scriptures of God,the Bible.They believe that their destinies are predetermined by God in terms of the soul that will be saved. They also believe that reading the Bible is the only way to reach the true salvation. Original sin,total depravity,and limited atonement,from God’s grace are theirbeliefs,too.5.What historical events combined to bring about the European Renaissance? Which word best sums up the values and ideals of the European Renaissance?（西安交大2008研）Key:(1)European Renaissance was stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture,the new discovery in geography and astronomy,the religious reformation and the economic expansion.(2)Humanism best sums up the values and ideals of the European Renaissance.European Renaissance is a historical period in which humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe and introduce new ideas.By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of present life,the humanists voiced the assertion of the greatness of man,which was the cornerstone of the Renaissance philosophy.6.How many books does Paradise Lost consist of?Who are the four main characters in the epic,and what are the respective relations between them?（人大2006研）Key:Paradise Lost consists of ten books,the main characters in which are Satan, God,Adam and Eve.Satan and God are enemies.Adam and Eve are the first man and woman made by God.But seduced by Satan,they ate the fruits on the tree ofthe knowledge of good and evil,which annoyed God,finally were banished from the Garden of Eden.7.Please explain the theme of reconciliation in William Shakespeare’s play The Tempest;please also show your understanding of the development of Shakespeare’s thoughts by comparing this play with Hamlet.（北航2015研）Key:An examination of the major character Prospero can show that there is little true forgiveness and reconciliation.After years of banishment,Prospero finally seizes the opportunity to revenge on his brother,who usurped his throne,by putting the men through the agony of false death of Prince ter it is Ariel’s plea that convinces Prospero to end their misery.Prospero feels free to forgive those who sinned against him only after he has emerged triumphant and has seen the men,now mournful and"penitent",pay for their transgressions. Alonso’s brief and conciliatory“pardon me”is reluctant and perfunctory.And there is clearly no reconciliation amongst Prospero,Sebastian,and Antonio. Shakespeare’s thoughts of revenge seem to be more temperate here compared with Hamlet in terms of the ending.8.Why is Alexander Pope known as representative of the Enlightenment?（国际关系学院2007研）Key:Alexander Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism into England. He believed in the necessity of universal education,especially that of socialmorality,classic culture and scientific knowledge.He also assumed the role of champion of traditional civilization:of reason,classical learning,sound art,good taste and public virtue,and undertook it as his duty to“correct”and enlighten people through his poetry.His“Essay on Man”is an important work of enlightenment.9.In what way is the West Wind both a destroyer and a preserver in Shelly’s Ode to the West Wind?（南京大学2007研）Key:The poet describes vividly the activities of the west wind on the earth,in the sky and on the sea,and then expresses his envy for the boundless freedom of the west wind,and his wish to be free like the wind and to scatter his words among humankind.The west wind is the destroyer as it is turbulent and strong and destroys the wide spread vegetation.It drives the last signs of life from the trees. It is the preserver as it brings life to the dead atmosphere,and it scatters the seeds which will come to life in the spring.The west wind enjoys boundless freedom and has the power to spread messages far and wide.10.Please comment on T.S.Eliot’s poem“The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock”, concerning both its themes and its style.（北航2015研）Key:The poem is an examination of the tortured psyche of the prototypical modern man—overeducated,eloquent,neurotic,and emotionally stilted.Prufrock,the poem’s speaker,seems to be addressing a potential lover,withwhom he would like to“force the moment to its crisis”by somehow consummating their relationship.But Prufrock knows too much of life to “dare”an approach to the woman.The poem is a variation on the dramatic monologue,a type of poem popular with Eliot’s predecessors.Eliot modernizes the form by removing the implied listeners and focusing on Prufrock’s interiority and isolation.The epigraph to this poem,from Dante’s Inferno,describes Prufrock’s ideal listener:one who is as lost as the speaker and will never betray to the world the content of Prufrock’s present confessions.11.Describe and make a comment on the following characters in about50words:Pip(from:Great Expectations)（厦门大学2011研）Key:Pip(Philip),an orphan and the protagonist of Great Expectations, throughout his childhood,have thought that he is going to be trained as a blacksmith,but with Magwith’s anonymous patronage,Pip travels to London and tries to learn to be a gentleman.Pip is a confused character constantly seeking his own identity,but he seems never to understand who he is or where he is going in life.The different stages of childhood,adolescence,and adulthood are important factors in this story.Growing from a young boy into adulthood,Pip develops into an adult who is more understanding of others and develops his own identity.。

英国文学史部分课后答案

Chapter11. Given an account of the history of England from the Celtic settlement to the Nor man Conquest.●600 BC ,Celts (tribal)(Britons is a branch of Celts) began to migrate to the British Isles●55 BC-407 AD, Julius Caesar invaded Britain, defeated Celts, and began nearly four centuries ofRoman occupation●450 AD, The “Saxons”(the Teutonic or Germanic tribes of Angles, Saxons, Jutes) ( originallyseafaring people along the coast of Denmark and Germany)came to the British Isles and drove the Celts to Wales, Scotland and Ireland, and settled down themselves and named the central part of the island “England”, became the masters of England and the ancestors of the English people.●Late 8-9th century, Viking(the Danes from Scandinavia ) invasions and be defeated by theWessex King, Alfred the Great (849-c899)●1066, Norman Conquest (from Normandy in northern France) : William, Duke of Normandy,defeated Harold (the last Saxon king) and became the King of England.2. How did Christianity come to England? Name the most important monasteries of this period.●It was in the year of 597 that Pope Gregory the Great of the Roman Catholic Church sent St.Augustine to England to convert the Anglo-Saxons. King Ethelbert of the Kent was the first to be converted and he founded in Kent the Canterbury Abbey. In the north, the earlier Christianized Ireland was engaged in sending missionaries to the Angles. The monasteries built by them in North Umbria were the earliest civilizing influences, and the well-known North Umbria School in literary history refers to the learned monks in these monasteries. From Canterbury and North Umbria, Christianity spread throughout the country.3. Analyze the artistic features of Beowulf, using the quoted passage to illustrate your points.①he most noticeable artistic feature of Beowulf is alliteration.②Another peculiar feature characteristic is the frequent use of kennings, to poetically present the meaning of one single word through a compound simile of two elements.③Finally, the general mood and spirit of Anglo-Saxon epic poetry is both solemn and animated, Chapter 21. What was the social and class reality of the Anglo-Norman period?●After 1066, the Anglo-Norman period began. The Norman was in origin Scandinavian. Theyprotected their feudal monarchy by a strong power. William the Conqueror divided the land of England among his followers who became barons, which the defeated Anglo-Saxons worked as serfs and peasants for them and were cruelly exploited and oppressed. Besides the king and the lords, one third of the land in the land in the country was owned by the Church. Norman-Frenchwas made the official language of the state, while English was ignored. The lowly people kept to English and gradually the invaders were assimilated. the English language survived, and becamea richer and more mature language after absorbing a great many French words into its vocabulary.At this time that the English language lost most of its old Anglo-Saxons flexions.2. Tell the three divisions of romances according to subject matter and give an example of the Matter of Britain.●Romances can be divided according to their subjects into three groups: Matter of France, Matterof Rome, and Matter of Britain. Matter of Britain: e.g. the Arthurian cycle which has its origin in the Celtic legends and consists of adventures of King Arthur and his Round-Table Knights, and Sir Gawain and Lancelot, Merlin the Magician, the quest of the Holy Grail.3. Say as much as you know about Chaucer‟s life and works.●Geoffrey Chaucer, a great narrative poet, is thought of as Father of English Poetry. He was born ina well-to-do wine merchant‟s family in London and studied at Oxford and Cambridge. In 1836he was elected during Member of Parliament. In 1389 he was made Clerk of the King‟s W orks at Westminster and Windsor. After he died, he was buried in the Westminster Abbey.●Chaucer‟s creative career is usually divided into three phases. 1, the phase of French influence, inwhich he did translations from French authors, e.g. the famous Romance of the Rose,and experimented with rhythm and structure though mostly following the conventional images and ideas. He favored and wrote allegorical visions and satires in the manner of middle Ages. The most significant work of this period is The Book of Duchess. 2, the phase of Italian influence, in which he showed an effort to learn from the Italian great poets such as Dante. The House of Fame, The Parliament of Fowls and Troilus and Criseyde are poems of this phase. 3, the English phases, or the phase of realism, in which his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales wad created.4. Comment on the artistic features of Canterbury tales.● 1 Realistic Presentation of Characters and Contemporary life. First of all we must mentionChaucer‟s realistic presentation of characters. The poet tries to give a comprehensive picture of the English society of his time and arranges to present a colorful gallery of pilgrims that covers a great range of social life.2 Chaucer‟s Humor: The Canterbury Tales wins readers with its humo r.He is well-skilled in mild and subtle irony to create humorous effects.3 unity Through a Framed Story: the Canterbury Tales is a framed story.5. Sum up Chaucer‟s achievements and contributions.●Chaucer learned from both French and Latin poetry and then worked out a unique style for theEnglish poetry. The realism and humanistic concerns demonstrated in his works looked forward to the coming English Renaissance. Because he uses the English of the London dialect tocompose poetry, it becomes a literary language, that is a language rich and expressive enough to use for literary purposes. We call the English used and developed by Chaucer and his contemporaries Middle English, which was the foundation of modern English.Chapter 31) How did England become the most powerful country during the Tudor reign?●King Henry Ⅷ of the Tudor House, who reigned from 1509 to 1547 broke from the RomanCatholic Church, dissolved all the monasteries and abbeys in England, confiscated their lands and made himself head of the Church of England. Henry Ⅷ also adopted policies to please the rich merchants, handicraftsmen and manufacturers who formed the newly-born middle classes.The Tudor reign reached its summit during the time of Queen Elizabeth, who adopted moderate policies to achieve a balance both between the rising middle class and the feudal lords and between the Protestants and the Catholics. It was a peaceful time and England becomes a powerful state.2) What does the word …renaissance‟ mean and why do we call this historical period the Englishrenaissance period?●Renai ssance is a fence word, meaning …rebirth‟ or …revival‟, and in particular context, it means therevival of arts and sciences of ancient Greece and Rome after the long years of neglect in the medieval time. In England at first a great number of classical works were translated into English in the 15th and 16th centuries and English scholars and men of letters showed a strong interest in ancient Greek and Roman science. They followed in the wake of the intellectual and literary movement which began in the 14th century in Italy and later spread to France, Spain, Holland and other western European countries.3) Give a brief account of Thomas More‟s life and his major work Utopia.●Thomas More (1478~1535), a Parliament member and a judge by profession .he devoted hisspare time to writing and wrote the famous book Utopia in Latin, which was published in 1516.In the book More meets a traveler at Antwerp, who has seen a place called Utopia relend of nowhere‟, where communism is adopted as the social system, education is offered to all people, including women, and religious differences are tolerated. More is remembered for Utopia, which is first real significant expression of the English humanist ideal.4）Name Spenser`s major literary work and tell what it is about.●Edmund Spenser (1552~1599)●The Shepheardes Calender(1579), Spenser`s first important work, is a pastoral poem of 12 parts,one part for one month of the year, giving descriptions monthly of the English countryside. Thepoem is written in the tradition of Virgil`s verse dialogues with characters of shepherds and shepherdesses, but the main themes embodied are love, poetry and religion.●The Faerie Queene (1569), Spenser`s major achievement, however, is unfinished. It is anallegorical romance in verse. According to his plan, there should be 12 books, each telling the adventures of one knight dispatched by the Faerie Queen, Gloria, who represents glory in the general and Queen Elizabeth in particular.5）What are Bacon`s chief contributions?●The Advancement of Learning (1605), his classifies all branches of learning, which had a greatinfluence on the 18th~century compilers of encyclopedias and the 19th~century Comtians. In his Latin work Novum Organum(1620) Bacon presents his theory of scientific method which teaches how to interpret nature, discusses natural history including several natural phenomena such as the winds, and gives examples of his new method in use. Bacon is regarded as a forerunner of modern science and scientific learning.6). Who was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare? Discuss one of his plays.●Christopher Marlowe●Tamberlaine, the Great (1587), written in blank verse, is the life story of Timur the Tartar. In part 1,Marlowe shows how Tamburlaine rose to power from a shepherd-robber by defeating the king of Persia. Then he conquered the Turkish Emperor and the Soldan of Egypt. Part 2 tells more of his conquests, which went as far as Babylon. The play ended with tamburlaine`s death. In Tamburlaine we see the Renaissance pursuit of man`s power and authority. He is ruthless toward his enemies, but at the same time is capable of passionate love for the daughter of the Egyptian Soldan.7). What kind of comedy is Ben Jonson`s special contribution? And as a playwright how different is Ben Jonson from SP?●Jonson‟s theory of “humours” reduces his characters to types who represent greed,vanity,falsehood. They are flat, one-sided and have no development. Unlike him, Shakespeare digs deep into human nature and depicts the complexities of human relations. Also, Ben Jonson advocates classic Roman and Greek masters, strictly observes the three unities and disapproves of any mixture of the tragic with the comic, while Shakespeare creates according to his own judgment and the taste of the audience, and is very flexible in his handing of drama rules set by his predecessors. he was not pleased with Shakespeare for some time and criticized him for lacking good education. Their differences were so obvious that later Samuel Johnosn described one as the poet of art and the other as the poet of nature.Chapter 41) 。

2024年高考历史一轮复习课后优化训练二十六19世纪以来的世界文学艺术含解析新人教版

课后优化训练(二十六)(时间：45分钟分值：85分)一、选择题(本大题共12小题，每小题4分，共48分)1．某种文学强调创作的肯定自由，重视情感的抒发，“既不是随兴的取材也不是强调完全的精确，而是位于两者的中间点，随着感觉而走。

”由此推断，其文学风格是( ) A．浪漫主义B．现实主义C．自由主义D．现代主义【答案】 A【解析】依据材料中“肯定自由，重视情感的抒发”是浪漫主义的体现，故A项正确；现实主义的特征是关注社会问题，深化剖析社会生活的本质，揭露和批判社会罪恶，故B 项错误；自由主义并未成为独立的一种文学创作风格，故C项错误；现代主义主要体现西方社会精神危机，集中表现自我，手法怪诞，有悖于传统，故D项错误。

2．《唐璜》从出版之日起，便在整个欧洲大陆造成了风暴一般的影响。

鲁迅说，“其力如巨涛，直薄旧社会之柱石。

余波流衍”。

一时以拜伦为自己仿照的最大对象，写出自己心中“唐璜”的文学作品大量涌现，典型的如( )A．雨果的《巴黎圣母院》B．海明威的《老人与海》C．德拉克洛瓦的《自由引导人民》D．罗曼·罗兰的《约翰·克利斯朵夫》【答案】 A【解析】《唐璜》是浪漫主义文学作品，而雨果的《巴黎圣母院》典型地表现了浪漫主义文学的特征，故A项正确；《老人与海》是现代主义作品，故B项错误；《自由引导人民》是美术作品，与材料中“文学作品”不符，故C项错误；《约翰·克利斯朵夫》是现实主义文学作品，故D项错误。

3．(2024·黑龙江省哈九中高三第四次模拟考试文综)20世纪美国好莱坞电影起先在全球攻城略地，90年头以来其在全球票房的分成高达60%以上。

2024年上映的《头号玩家》除了将VR所能构建的虚拟世界极致呈现的大制作外，精彩的故事情节和显明的人物塑造更是体现了美国文化的精髓。

据此可知好莱坞电影( )A．科技主导电影事业发展走向B．有助于美国霸权地位的确立C．运用科技手段渗透美国精神D．推动世界价值观的融合统一【答案】 C【解析】依据“除了将VR所能构建的虚拟世界极致呈现的大制作外，精彩的故事情节和显明的人物塑造更是体现了美国文化的精髓”可知，好莱坞电影运用科技手段渗透美国精神，C正确；A不符合材料主旨，解除；材料信息与“美国霸权地位的确立”无关，解除B；D材料信息无法体现，美国电影在世界影响很大，不能说明世界价值观的融合统一，解除。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【章节题库】（18世纪英国文学（1688-1780））

刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【章节题库】（18世纪英国文学（1688-1780））第4部分18世纪英国文学（1688-1780）填空题1. Henry Fielding has been r egarded as “_____”, for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel. （吉林大学2007研）【答案】Father of the English Novel【解析】亨利?菲尔丁被誉为“英国小说之父”。

2. A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift is a sharp _____ against the social injustice in _____. （天津外国语学院2011研）【答案】satire,Ireland【解析】1729年斯威夫特发表的《一个温和的建议》是对英国政府对爱尔兰人民剥削压迫的极度讽刺。

这一宣传册建议爱尔兰的穷人把刚满一周岁的孩子卖给富人，富人可将孩子做成美餐，而穷人也将获得一笔收入。

3. The English novel began to prosper in 18th century as a new literary genre. In this period there appeared a number of great novelists such as _____, Daniel Defoe, and _____. （天津外国语学院2011研）【答案】Jonathan Swift,Samuel Richardson【解析】18世纪英国文学的小说家主要有Defoe, Swift, Richardson, Fielding, Smollett and Sterne等。

4. Author: _____ Title: _____. （南京大学2007研）At other times, the like battles have been fought between theYahoos of several neighborhoods, without any visible cause: those of one district watching all opportunities to surprise the next, before they are prepared. But if they find their project has miscarried, they return home, and, for want of enemies, engage in what I call a civil war among themselves.【答案】Author: Jonathan Swift. Title: Gullive r’s Travels【解析】题中文段节选自乔纳森的《格列佛游记》。

简明英国文学史

Jane Austen, a woman novelist who chose to be the to represent the limited scope of the English countryside and the realistic life of Middle-class families there. It has always been difficult to fit Austen to the picture of the time in which she lived. Sometimes she was introduced together with the novelists of the 18th century, but more often she was treated as a unique novelist of the early 19th century who did not belong to the dominant Romantic trend.P209__P214Her life and literary careerJane Austen (1775-1817) was the daughter of a clergyman in Hampshire. We know little about her life except for the following simple facts: a) she was the sixth child and received her education mainly from her father; b) she remained single all her life, but was surrounded by a very lively and affectionate family environment; c) she started writing in her mid-teens and try to keep what she wrote as a secret for quite a long time. The family moved to Bath in 1801, and after her father passed away, they moved further to Southampton 1806, and finally back again to Hampshire where she died of Addison’s disease.Austen read widely by herself novels by Fielding, Richardson, Sterne, Fanny Burney, and many others, and poetry by Cowper, Scott, etc. In her novels we notice obvious traces of Fielding’s and Richardson’s influence. From the former she developed the skills of presenting social pictures with humorous and sarcastic touches, and from the latter she takes the theme of women’s courtship and marriage. In 1811 she published her first novel sense and sensibility which has its predecessor in a juvenile sketch by her called“Elinor and Marianne”. Then she produced constantly: Pride and Prejudice in 1813, Mansfield Park in 1814, Emma in 1816, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion posthumously in 1818. She left behind her an unpublished novel The Watsons, which was started between Northanger Abbey and the revision of Sense and Sensibility. All her novel were well received. Sir Walter Scott wrote to praise her in Quarterly Review for her exquisite touches that make vivid and lively commonplace happenings and charters.Her major worksAusten’s are very limited in setting and subject matter. Her novels are mostly set in England’s local middle-class countryside with which she was very familiar, and the stories are alwayscentered around young girls’dilemma in love and marriage. Unlike her contemporary Romantics, she was not interested in things remote, or passionate, or of nation-wide significance, butt chose to write about her surrounding area, the various human types and daily life experience. She wins her status in English literary history with her accurate observation and vivid representation of this specific circle of people and their life. And her superb handling of the language, especially the dialogues, the intensity of feeling and the many dramatic scenes never fail to earn her admires over the years among critics and common readers alike. Although Northanger Abbey has been often noticed for Austen’s mimicking and ridicule of the Gothic novel and sentimentality and Sense and Sensibility reaps much of its fame from the Hollywood film production of the same name, when talking of Austen’s major novels we usually choose two, that is Pride and Prejudice and Emma.EmmaWhile Pride and Prejudice is no doubt Austen’ s most widely read and popular novel , Emma is considered by critical opinions to her masterpiece. It also deals with young ladies’seeking of proper husbands. The story tells how Emma. A pretty, clever,and\ a self-satisfied young lady, the only daughter of Mr. Woodhouse, wrongly judges people and situations around her and busily makes matches to meddle with her friends’ lives and how in the end, with the guidance of Mr. Knightley, a family friend who has social experience and a very rational mind, Emma sees the foolishness of her subjective maneuvers, matures and marries Mr. Knightley.Unlike her most novels, Emma’s plot lacks the dramatic turns and exciting actions. It is a satirical novel about social manners and its satire comes more from the description of protagonists’emotions since much of the novel is designed to achieve irony. It needs careful and repeated reading to relish the minute touches with which Austen exploits to the full the misunderstandings and the foibles of the people in a provincial community like Emma’s. For instance what Frank Churchill does and says most of the time carries double meanings for the reader who reads a second time. And similarly the reader will not easily sense the irony in Emma’s misinterpretation of Mr. Elton’s gallantry or Harriet’s crush on Mr. Knightley because the characters are too ceremonial in manners to speak directly. The plot can be divided into three parts. In Volume One Emma misjudges Mr. Elton and is blind to Mr. Elton’s feelings towardherself. Volume Two reveals how Emma misjudges her own feelings for Frank Churchill and gets over the illusion in a way less climatic than when she gets to know Mr. Elton’s intention to court her. Volume Three continues Emma’s self-deception about people and the ultimate realization of her own TRUE feelings for Mr. Knightley, which is the major climax of the novel. Emma’s story is therefore one of a girl’s journey toward self-knowledge through which she comes to terms with herself and her situation.In Emma, Austen demonstrates her superb skills in depicting a willful, somewhat spoiled and snobbish young lady and at the same time keeping the reader’s sympathy for her. She shows us that Emma has negative qualities, but is also honest and does wrong things out of good will. To achieve an absolute control of the reader’s reaction to Emma and what happens in the novel, Austen uses to points of view: her own point of view and that of the characters. To obtain the necessary ironic distance, she occasionally enters the point of view of the characters, but then Takeshi the reader back to her own. Such shifts in point of view can make the reader see things in terms of ironic satire. As for characterization, minor characters are mostly one-dimensional, such as Mr. Woodhouse, Mr. Knightley and Mr. Elton’s. But Miss Bates, the archetype of the boringnonstop talker, has one more dimension, that is her kind nature beneath all the superficial talking. She is capable of being hurt and forgiving. She has a driving need to express herself by talking. But there is never anything egocentric in her talk. She is the most characterization among the minor figures.Austen aims in Emma at disclosing man’s absurdities, and those minor and laughable characters of hers are so Commons seen around us. Beneath her satirical comedy is the real incongruities of social relationship and of our life. And her solution is to achieve a balance between common sense and kindness, and between rationality and imagination and emotion. After Emma’s stray from the correct road, she is pulled back to her proper place in the stable social world that is advocated by Austen.简明英国文学史/ 刘意青，刘炅著.——北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2008.10（2012.6 重印）209~214。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》课后习题详解(18世纪英国文学古典主义时期)【圣才出品】

第8章古典主义时期1.What are the essential features of Neoclassicism in the18th-century England? Key:(1)Glorious Revolution happened at the end of17th Century.With the firmly established political power of the middle class,capitalism flourished rapidly in England,especially after1769in which year James Watt(1736-1819)invented the steam engine.(2)To match the rapid development of economy,there emerged in Britain a number of great thinkers of social sciences.(3)London and many other cities soon became big metropolises and a working class was also being formed during the process.(4)People of the18th-century England attached great importance to Reason and joined in the great Enlightenment Movement.(5)However,when science and reason were promoted,religion felt threatened. the major Neoclassic representative writers of this period and introduce their major achievements.Key:The Age of Classicism,or rather of Neoclassicism,in English Literary History refers to the literary trend in the first half of the18th century.The new literature reached its peak with strong concentration and vigour,of which Alexander Pope was its central figure.Besides Pope,Swift was also its outstanding representative. The two writers are great masters of satire and poetry in heroic couplet,which are the most prominent achievements of English Neoclassicism.Pope’s major achievements lie in his representative works such as The Rapeof the Lock,On Literary Criticism,The Dunciad,An Essay on Man and Translations of Homer,etc.Jonathan Swift’s major works include The Battle of the Books(1704),A Tale of a Tub(1704),Bickerstaff Almanac(1708),Gulliver’s Travels(1726),The Drapier’s Letters(1726)and A Modest Proposal(1729),etc.ment on Pope’s literary contributions.Key:When Pope died in1744the Neoclassicism as a literary trend to represent the Enlightenment Movement in England had ebbed toward its end.But,as a great satirist and master of language and an ingenious poet who had brought the heroic couplet to its perfection,Alexander Pope has acquired an immortal place in the history of English literature.4.Analyse Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels.Key:Gulliver’s Travels is the work that has made Swift known all over the world, which is not a real novel in the modern sense,but rather a satirical allegory that tells improbable and fantastic events with the purpose of criticising his contemporary reality.The novel consists of Lemuel Gulliver’s four travels, arranged in4books.Gulliver was a physician,but could not earn enough money in London to support his family.Therefore,he found a doctor’s position on a ship to sail overseas.The first two travels,that is Gulliver’s adventures in Lilliput, the country of tiny men and Brobdingnag,the country of the giants,are the mostwidely-read parts of the book,and they are often adapted into reading material or cartoons for children and young readers.The third and fourth adventures are more philosophical and demanding and,as a result,they are less known to the general reading public,but are dearly liked by serious and mature readers.Gulliver’s Lilliput experience is aimed at criticising the English government and exposing the political and religious problems of England.In Book II,he introduces England proudly to the king of Brobdingnag,boasting about its law system,and the wars fought in the English history,and recommends weapons of all kinds to be very effective reigning tools to the Brobdingnag king,who is surprised by the cruelty and meanness of races like Gulliver’s.In both Books I and II,Swift displays to the full his rich imagination,by playing with the smallness of the Lilliputians and the giant figures of the Brobdingnag people against Gulliver and achieves many fantastically humourous and satirical effects.In the third and fourth books,Gulliver experiences even more unbelievable adventures.In the third one,that is Gulliver’s adventure in the country of the Flying Island,Swift fulfills the task set to him by the Scriblerus Club to expose and ridicule false learning,and he did so to a burlesque degree.For instance,people on the Flying Island do not know how to live a good and normal life.They are solely interested in mathematics and music.In consequence,they wear ill-fitting clothes decorated with music notes and geometry shapes.On land below,the scientists in the Academy of Lagado,a colony of the Flying Island,are all engaged in the most impossible experiments,such as to extract sunshine from cucumbers,to restore food from human excrement,and to build houses from top to the bottom.Through such bitter attacks on modern science Swift intended to ridicule all the false learning of his time.But,here we must notice that as a staunch Christian of the Church of England,Swift was also worried about the encroaching of science into the spiritual scope of human beings.He was trying at the same time to give warnings to those who are overly enthusiastic about the omnipotence of science at the expense of human love and humanistic spirit.In this book,he also criticises early imperialist ventures of England.The fourth book has been generally regarded as the most shocking of the four,because in it Swift describes men as so low and depraved that they are made to serve the horses.His last adventure brings Gulliver to the country of horses,or of the Houyhnhnms,and here he sees an animal of human shape called yahoo.The yahoos are filthy beasts of strong passion with hair covering a human body.Their masters are horses with good manners,clean living habits and absolute reason.They live in wood houses and eat hay,fruits,and vegetables.In contrast to the horse masters,yahoos are chained in a dirty yard when they are not doing any work of the beasts of burden.They eat rotten meat,dead mice and frog,sleep wallowing in the mud and often fall to fighting each other over the most trivial things.What is more,the yahoos are all fond of colored stones,which, if found by a yahoo,will be hidden like treasures,and yahoos all the time fight each other over the possession of them.Here,Swift is referring to those European imperialists who go overseas to plunder wealth of other countries.Thegray horse that Gulliver stays with points out the similarities of his guest to his yahoos,but because Gulliver is dressed,the horse master finally believes him to be different.Here,Swift makes Gulliver number to the horse master all the wars, cheatings,the dissipation of the life of the rich and the dire poverty of the poor, and tell all other sorts of ill maneuvers of the Europeans to the horse master.He boasts of his fellow human beings’crimes of plunder and killing,which shocks the horses to the extreme.By portraying human beings as depraved and disgusting yahoos and setting them against the noble horses that are guided by reason,Swift is launching the most severe attack on humanity and the European reality.But on the other hand,he is also criticising absolute reason represented by the cool-headed horses,who never have problems caused by love or passion.In the fourth book,Swift’s attack is,first of all,aimed at his fellow men who have fallen so low that Swift wants to use yahoos to shock them into realising their depravity.Because of this,for a long time,he is criticised as a misanthropist who hates human race to the point of eulogising the horses as their betters. However,on the other hand,by presenting Gulliver’s crazy worship of reason in the form of the horse in the most burlesque way,Swift is also criticising absolute reason.What he advocates is,man of Christian faith and benevolence.Such people can guide their own behaviour with Christian morals,and be free from selfish desires and passion on the one hand,but on the other hand they are by no means as cold and indifferent as absolute reason advocates. two important newspapers of the period and tell what you know about them.Key:The Tatler(1709-1711)and The Spectator(1711-1712)were two important newspapers of the period.At first,it was Steele who started The Tatler,coming out three issues a week to carry the domestic and foreign news,poetry and drama,and there were some special columns like“From My Own Apartment”,to which Swift made frequent contributions.Pretending to be a Mr.Isaac Bickerstaff whose comments on restoration plays were sharp literary criticism.There was also a main persona Mr. Tatler who discussed all kinds of social,political and literary topics with his readers.It was a newspaper very much in the satirical style of Swift and focused on the didactic aim of educating the populace.Due to Steele’s lack of subtlety, The Tatler on the whole was short of literary flavor and sometimes offended people,and thus its popularity gradually dwindled.In January1711,The Tatler had to terminate its publication.Two months later with Addison joining Steele The Spectator was born.It was a daily newspaper with only one essay per issue,all of which were almost totally written by Addison and Steele themselves,and Addison,rather than Steele, influenced both its style and the content.The main character Mr.Spectator discussed,for instance,what he had seen when traveling on the Continent, commenting on issues of a broad scale.Many of the articles were of an enlightening nature and thus met with the eager popular demand for knowledge。

简明英国文学史问题及答案

Quiz (1)1.The first settlers of the British Isles were Celt, and Britain got its name from a branch of thispeople called Briton. But later they were driven to live in Scotland, Wales and Ireland.不列颠群岛的第一批定居者是凯尔特人，Britain的叫法则就是来源于他们的一个叫做Briton（不列颠人）的分支。

但后来他们被驱赶到苏格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰居住。

2.The Angles, Saxons and Jutes were Germanic tribes originally living on the Continent. Theymoved to the British Isles and became the ancestors of the English people.盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人是最初居住在大陆的日耳曼部落。

他们搬到不列颠群岛，成为英国人的祖先。

3.The most important event of the Old English Period was Norman Conquest, which tookplace in the year 1066.古英语时期最重要的事件是1006年发生的诺尔曼征服。

4.The Roman Catholic Church sent St. Augustine to England in 597 to convert the Englishpeople to Catholicism.罗马天主教会于597年将圣奥古斯丁派遣到英格兰，使英国人皈依天主教。

two poems of this period apart from Beowulf: Widsith, and The Seafarer.请列出这段时期的除了《贝奥武夫》两首诗：Widsith(威德西斯)和The Seafarer(水手) 6.Beowulf is an epic of Alliterative lines, and it tells the events that took place on theContinent before they moved to the British Isles.贝奥武甫（Beowulf）是一首头韵体裁的史诗，它讲述了在大陆迁移到不列颠群岛之前发生的事件。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》课后习题详解(文艺复兴与莎士比亚威廉

第4章威廉·莎士比亚1.How is Shakespeare’s literary career usually divided and what are the main achievements of each period?Key:1.Shakespeare’s literary career is usually divided into three periods.In the first period(1590-1600),he created mainly history plays and comedies. Altogether22plays were written in this period,of which we should know at least five histories:Richard III(1592),Henry IV,Part I and Part II(1597),Henry V(1598) and Julius Caesar(1599);four comedies:A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream(1595), Much Ado about Nothing(1598),A s You Like It(1599)and The Twelfth Night (1600);one problem play:The Merchant of Venice(1596);and one tragedy: Romeo and Juliet(1594).The second period(1601-1608)is the one of great tragedies,namely Hamlet (1601),Othello(1604),Macbeth(1605)and King Lear(1605).In the last period(1609-1612),Shakespeare wrote four dramatic romances,of which The Winter’s Tale(1610)and The Tempest(1612)are better known to the world.2.Cite one or two of Shakespeare’s history plays and make some comments. Key:Among Shakespeare’s history plays,the most significant ones are Henry IV, Part I and Part II,which present the troubled time of the15th-century England.Richard II,vain,politically weak and blind,was unable to keep the rebelliouslords under control.HenryⅣthen usurped the power,murdered Richard in prison and suppressed the rebellion of the feudal lords.Shakespeare is critical to the kings.He does not evade the negative sides of their personalities.But there is one exception,which is Henry IV’s son,Prince Hal,later King Henry V.He is Shakespeare’s ideal of a perfect monarch,who led England in battles against France and won glory in the Hundred Years War.But in Henry IV,during the process of growing up,Prince Hal is shown as a loose young man,mixed himself with problematic people and spent lots of time in taverns with the fat knight John Falstaff.He even gets involved in a highway robbery of his rogue friends.What is more,he is imprisoned for striking the Lord Chief Justice,and as soon as he is released he goes to the Boar’s Head Tavern to seek the company of Falstaff.But when he succeeds to the throne after Henry IV dies,he immediately becomes a capable and wise king,turning his back to the dying Falstaff.Because of this inconsistency in Prince Hal’s characterisation,critics have been arguing about how to evaluate such sudden changes in behaviour,and whether Prince Hal is a hypocrite.Falstaff is one of the most successful dramatic figures created by Shakespeare.Many show sympathy for the rejected fat knight who dies in misery and poverty.However,Henry V is Shakespeare’s ideal king who embodies the patriotism of the English nation at the time.It is Henry V who defeated the French and brought glory to the country.Therefore,one way of explaining this,offered by critics,is as follows:as he is young,Hal must have been fascinated by the riotous life at first,but all the while he is studying the society,learning about thelowly people’s life,and gaining necessary experiences,which provide him with knowledge he needs later as a king.Also Prince Hal is shown with a talent for politics and very brave in battles.Thus,in Henry IV Shakespeare has depicted the growth of a powerful king who possesses all the qualities required by the throne but who has to go through a process of apprenticeship among the people to become finally fit for his royal duties.3.Give an example of the problem plays by Shakespeare and analyse it as well as you can.Key:The Merchant of Venice is an example of the problem plays by Shakespeare.(To analyze this play according to the textbook and some more materials from other sources.)4.Tell the story of Hamlet,and discuss why Hamlet delays in taking revenge. Key:Hamlet is the prince of Denmark and a student at the University of Wittenberg.At the beginning of the play,Hamlet’s father,King Hamlet,has recently died,and his mother,Queen Gertrude,has married the new king, Hamlet’s uncle Claudius.Hamlet is melancholy,bitter,cynical and full of hatred for his uncle and disgust at his mother for marrying him.When the ghost of Hamlet’s father appears and claims to have been murdered by Claudius,Hamlet becomes obsessed with avenging his father’s death.Mistakenly,he kills Polonius,father of Ophelia.Ophelia,lover of Hamlet,goes mad because of herfather’s death and then is drowned in a stream.This leads to Ophelia’s brother —Laertes’hatred for Hamlet.In the duel between Laertes and Hamlet,Laertes wounds Hamlet but is himself struck with the same poisoned weapon,which is made by Claudius.Before his death,Hamlet stabs Claudius while the queen has drunk a poisoned cup of wine intended for Hamlet.Many critics have thought about the reasons for Hamlet’s delay in taking revenge and they got uncertain answers.Goethe raised the opinion that Hamlet’s delay shows that he is a humanist and a thinker,and that he is slow in action because he thinks profoundly and is very cautious,trying to do the right thing,which explains why he organises players to stage a show in the palace of exactly what the ghost says his brother has done to him,to see how Claudius reacts to it.Goethe’s interpretation has been accepted by many.In the20th century,with the new literary theories there appears a Freudian interpretation that sees in Hamlet’s delay an Oedipus ly, because Hamlet is sad and angry at his mother’s marriage to Claudius so soon, this critic comes to the conclusion that Hamlet harbours an Oedipal love for his mother and a hatred for his own father.So,unconsciously he also wants the death of his father and does not want to kill Claudius who has done something in his behalf.5.Do you think that King Lear is a powerful tragedy and why do you think so? Key:Yes,I think that King Lear is a powerful tragedy.Because that this play isthematically more universal than Hamlet.This tragedy depicts an aged king who believes in superficial words and is vain enough to judge rashly that the daughter who fails to say flatteries things does not love him.But the price he pays for his mistake is too heavy:he hands the country into the hands of villains,makes a mess of the state affairs which finally brings about war,and in the end he sacrifices his dear daughter’s life and his own.Family relationship between parents and children and old age problem are universal themes.But here they are demonstrated in royal family and thus the mistakes made in one’s old age bring frightening tragic outcomes.Because of the theme’s relevance to every one of us,the katharsis,that is the fear and awe caused by King Lear,is greater than Hamlet.This is perhaps the reason for this tragedy’s long-time popularity everywhere and its powerfulness.6.Choose to analyse one romance by Shakespeare.Key:The Winter’s Tale is one romance by Shakespeare.It is like a fairy tale telling how an over-suspicious and jealous husband wrongs his innocent wife and his own best friend as lovers,tries to murder his friend,who luckily escapes,and orders to put his queen in prison and leave her newly-born daughter on a desolate shore to die.Seeing his mother’s suffering,the young prince grieves to death and the queen also dies in prison soon.He finally realises his own rash mistakes and is in constant grief.However,the baby girl is saved and brought up by a shepherd.Sixteen years later she meets the son of the wronged friend,andthey fall in love.In fact,his wife is not dead.She is hidden by the wife of a faithful lord.So,the play closes at the point when the king is brought before a statue that looks exactly like his dead wife though aged and the statue walks down to acknowledge him.Then all becomes well,the royal family reunites and the young couple gets married.Like King Lear,this play shows how the wrong behavior of the royal father can bring great disaster to his family.But instead of causing all the good people to suffer and die,here no villains threaten the crown and the jealous king has faithful and kind lords in his court to protect the wronged queen.So the tragedy changes its course half way and all of them live happily ever after.QuizI.Fill in the blanks:(50%)1._____broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and established_____.Key:HenryⅧthe Church of England(the Anglican Church)2.It was_____and_____who introduced Italian sonnets into England.Key:Thomas WyattHenry Howard(Earl of Surrey)_____3.Thomas More’s famous line in Utopia that exposes the calamities of the。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【考研真题精选+章节题库】(选择题)【圣才出品】

二、选择题1.Which writer is also an important literary critic?（北二外2017研）A.Lord ByronB.Thomas MoreC.S.T.ColeridgeD.Jane Austen【答案】C【解析】塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge），英国诗人和评论家。

乔治·戈登·拜伦（George Gordon Byron），英国19世纪初期伟大的浪漫主义诗人。

托马斯·莫尔（St.Thomas More），欧洲早期空想社会主义学说的创始人，人文主义学者和政治家，以其名著《乌托邦》而名垂史册。

简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen），英国著名女性小说家。

故C项符合题意。

2.“Beauty is truth,truth beauty”is the leading principle of_____.（首师大2015研）A.WordsworthB.ShelleyC.KeatsD.Edgar Allan Poe【答案】C【解析】济慈的创作准则是“美即真，真即美”。

3.The works of Brontësisters are marked by strong_____elements.（四川大学2011研）A.realisticB.pragmaticC.romanticD.magical【答案】A【解析】Brontësisters是指英国现实主义女作家Charlotte Brontë，Anne Brontë和Emily Brontë。

其中以Charlotte Brontë的Jane Eyre（《简爱》）和Emily Brontë的Wuthering Height（《呼啸山庄》）最出名。

4.In the18th century English literature,the representative writer of neo-classicism is _____.（北二外2015研）A.PopeB.SwiftC.Defoeton【答案】A【解析】本题考查英国新古典主义的代表作家。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

第20章现代主义文学
1.What does Virginia Woolf mean by“materialist”?How do her own novels bear
out her arguments against these“materialists”?
Key:The charge or grievance that Woolf brought against these writers was rendered as simply as a one-word label,that is,materialism.For Woolf,these writers working tamely within the“tyranny”of traditional realism were not “realists”in a strict sense,but rather“materialists”.It is because they are concerned not with the spirit but with the body that they have disappointed us, and left us with the feeling that the sooner English fiction turns its back upon them,as politely as may be,and marches,if only into the desert,the better for its soul.[…]The writers seems constrained,not by his own free will but by some powerful and unscrupulous tyrant who has him in thrall,to provide a plot,to provide comedy,tragedy,love interest,and an air of probability embalming the whole so impeccable that if all his figures were to come to life they would find themselves dressed down to the last button of their coats in the fashion of the hour.
2.What is the subtle relationship between mother and son in Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers?How does it overlap with certain parts of Lawrence’s own life?
Key:Sons and Lovers is an autobiographic novel.Set in the mining communities of English Midlands,where Lawrence himself spent his early life,the novel centers
around the relationship between Paul Morel and his possessive mother.Mrs. Morel was a woman torn between the conflicting demands of her own social and spiritual aspirations and the earthly,working-class existence of her husband, Walter Morel,a collier.What she failed to find in her marriage she overcompensated for in her relationship with her sons,especially with Paul,a boy with artistic gifts.Mrs.Morel believed in her son’s extraordinary talent and encouraged him to pursue his dreams.The overwhelming maternal influence led to Paul’s disassociation from his father and his inability to have satisfactory sexual relationships with his girlfriends.
3.Read the whole poem of Eliot’s“The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock”and explain what is exactly Prufrock’s problem.Is he a singular case,or does his situation bespeak a general modern malaise?
Key:“The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock”portrays a modern world of spiritual sloth and inertia,where man is hopelessly trapped in his own mediocrity and lack of action.The imaginary Prufrock,a typical modern anti-hero,roams the evening street and frequents upper-class salons without the courage and strength to “force the moment to its crisis”and accomplish the single act that can give meaning to his hollow existence.He hesitates,quite like the“Prince Hamlet”with whom he hates to be identified,till“the native hue of resolution/is sicklied over with the pale cast of thought.”More ironically,he is no Prince Hamlet, because he does not have the heroic stature and is rather more like a facetious
minor character or the Fool in Shakespearean plays.The claustrophobic repetition of some overwhelming questions in the poem can offer us a glimpse of Prufrock’s essential dilemma.。