从属结构(名词性从句)

never seen the million pound bank-note.
what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别: what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当
句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that则不
然,它在句子中只起连接作用。例如：
(1) What you said yesterday is right.
用that和what填空
that 1. I think_____ it is unnecessary for
me to speak louder.
what 2. His mother is satisfied with _____
he has done.
that 3. The reason was______Tod had
• Before she could answer the telephone, it stopped ringing. 时间状语从句 • John, who comes from a large, lower-class family, enrolled in college this fall.
在复合句中，主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和 同位语从句在用法上相当于名词，故统称为名词 性从句。 •1.When we will start is not clear.
主语从句
•2.Mrs Black won’t believe that her son has become a thief.
宾语从句
B. As, who do you think
C. When, whoever
D. D Since, who do you think
5). Mary wrote an article on___ the team had failed to win the game. A. why A B. what C. who D. that
A • 5._______ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. • A What B That • C How D Where 主语从句中缺少主语，用what
同位语从句： 同位语从句一般由that,whether,when等连词 引导，常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem, information,suggestion, proposal demand等名词 后面，说明 该名词的具体内容。
That the earth turns around the sun is known to us. 地球绕着太阳转，这是众所周知的。
What we need is more practice. 我们所需要的是再多一些训练。
Why he failed the physics exam was not clear. 不清楚他为什么没有通过物理考试。
B • 2._______ we will play football tomorrow depends on the weather. • A If B Whether • C That D Where
Whether引导主语从句，在主语从句中不用if.
A • 3._______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. • A What B That • C The fact D The matter
无动词分句
从属连词：从属分句的连接手段
• • • • 简单从属连词 （one-word subordinator） 复杂从属连词 （以 that / as 结尾） 关联从属连词 边际从属连词
注：区分关系词 P 381 关系代词：who(ever), whom, whose, what(ever), which(ever). 关系副词: where, when, how, why 关系限定词
2.
3.
4.
引导宾语从句位于句首时用whether
*引导表语、主语或同位语从句只用 whether 和不定式连用时只用whether.
5.
practice 1) _____ we can’t get seems better than ______ we have. A. What, what A B. What, that
C. That, what
D. That, that
2). You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how excited they were A B. how they were excited C. how were they excited D. they were how excited
What he said at the meeting 是主语从句。
A • 4._____ she could not understand was______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. • A What, why • B That, what • C What, because • D Why, that 第一个空为what引导的主语从句，what在从句中 做understand的宾语。第二个空为why引导的表语从句
(2) That she is still alive is a
consolation.
B • 1.It worried her a bit______ her hair was turning gray. • A while B that • C if D for
It是形式主语，that 引导的从句才是真正的主语。
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句, 放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词 +表语从句”
表语从句
用表语从句完成下列句子：
1. The trouble is（我丢失了他的地址）. that I have lost his address. 2. Go and get your coat. It’s （在你放的那个地方). where you left it .
从属结构 （一）
限定分句
非限定分句 从属结构 无动词分句
名词性从句 形容词性从句 副词性从句 动词不定式 -ing分词 -ed分词
并列结构 or 从属结构？
• 并列句，两个分句具有同等的重要性，使用 并列连词连接起来，and, but, yet, while, or, not only…but also, neither…nor, either…or，both…and, whereas, only. • 从属句，两个分句的内容对于说话人来说有 主有次， 使用从属连词将主句和从句连接， 把次要的思想内容置于限定从属分句，或非 限定分句和无动词分居中。
•3. My idea is that we should do it right now.
表语从句
•4.I had no idea that you were her friend.
同位语从句
宾语从句： 1 I think (that) he’ll be all right in a few days.
to the lectures tomorrow.
whether 2. It all depends on_______ the sky
is going to clear up.
Whether 3. _______ he’ll be well tomorrow
I’m not sure.
小结：
1.
引导宾语从句位于及物动词后whether和if 可互换； 引导宾语从句位于介词后只能用whether, 与or not 连用时常用whether
定语从句
• Expecting trouble, the guards were fully armed.
-ing分词，非限定分句
• To fasten the development, the government takes some measures. 不定式，非限定分句 • Curious about their new neighbors, the Johnsons went and visited them at the first opportunity.
3). They make ____a rule whoever breaks the law will be punished. A. A it B. that C. what D. this
4). __ you have seen both fighters,
___ will win?
A. Since, do you think who
I doubt whether/ if he can speak English. 2. 我毫不怀疑，他会说英语。
I don’t doubt that he can speak.
注意2： doubt的肯定形式后接whether/if从句， 否定和疑问形式后接that从句。
1. 我肯定他能做好。 I’m sure that he can do it well. 2. 我不能肯定消息是否属实。
You can’t get around the fact that it’s against the law 你不能回避这是违法的这一事实。
源自文库
He made a promise that he will lend us some money. 他承诺他将借给我们一些钱。
1. 我不知道你在这儿。 I have no idea that you are here.
6). Can you make sure___ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put C D. where has Alice put
主语从句是指在句子中作主语的句子：
表语从句： 1. 这就是我们得不到人民支持的原因。 This is why we can’t get the support of the people.
2. 问题是我们能否在如此短的时间内作好准备. The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
3.What I want to know is(我该买哪部词典）.
which dictionary I should buy.
4. It looks (他好象陷入了困境).
as if he has got into trouble.
用if和whether填空
if/whether 1. Please tell me_______ you will go
2 Do you know who they are waiting for? 3 Pay attention to what the teacher said. 4 We came to where he lived. 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句, 通常放在主句谓语动词或介词之后。
1. 我怀疑他是否会说英语。
I’m not sure whether/if the news is true.
3. 你确定他是一位教师吗？ Are you sure that he is a teacher?
注意3： be sure 的肯定和疑问形式后面接that 从句，否定形式后面接whether/if从句。
我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 I don’t think this dress fits you well. 注意4：否定的转移 若主语谓语动词think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有 否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从 句谓语用肯定式。