初三英语专题复习.doc

名词考点直击：1.可数名词和不可数名词的用法2.名词所有格的构成及用法3近义名词的辨析。

一、名词的数:1.可数名词单数变复数的基本方法？1.heroheroes, potato-^potatoes, tomatotomatoes,negronegroe2.以f 或fe 结尾的词，多数变f 为v再加・es,例如：knife-*knives, leaf-Heaves, half-*halves。

3.少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如：man-*men, woman-*women, toothteeth, foot-*feet, child-*children, mouse-*mice0【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是・men和-women。

例如：an Englishman, two Englishmeno但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men workers, women teachers。

4.有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish等。

但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。

5.单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。

6.数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。

例如：ten-minutes, walk, an 8-year-oId girl, a tern mile walk。

7.还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers, clothes, chopsticks, glasses, goods2.不可数名词"量”的表示方法（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如:The rich man hasa lot of money.不可数名词也可用这类词修饰。

（2）用a piece of , a bottle of, a cup of这类定语，如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如:two cups of tea,four pieces of paper,three glasses of water二、名词的所有格名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。

1.表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's,其复数形式是s',例如：a student's room, students* rooms, father's shoes o2.如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加r s,如：Childrens Day。

3.在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用’s,例如：a twenty minutes' walk, ten miles'journey, a boat's length, two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth o4.无生命名词的所有格则必须用of 结构,例如：a map of China, the end of this term, the capital of our country, the color of the flowers o5.双重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's。

【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有-s,则表示“分别有”，例如：John's and Maiys rooms （约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes （两人各自的自行车）。

两个名词并列，只有一个s,则表示"共有”，例如：John and Mary's room （约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Mary's mother （即Tom与Mary是兄妹）项填空1.・・・ Where have you been, Tim? ― I' ve been to ____ .A. the Henry houseB. the Henry familyC. The Henry * s homeD. Henry' s2.In England, if ___ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. foodB. lunchC. breakfastD. dinner3.________________________________________ ■■- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ? ■■- Certainly.A. some bottles of watersB. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of waterD. some bottle of waters4.Mike hurt one of his _____ in the accident yesterday.A. toothB. feetC. handD. ear5.There is some _______ o n the plate.A. cakesB. meatC. potatoD. pears6.In England, the last name is the ________ .A. family nameB. middleC. given nameD. full name7 ■ The_____ has two _______ .A. boys; watchesB. boy; watch C・ boy; watches D. boys; watch9- The little baby has two ________ already・A. toothB. toothsC. teethD. teeths10.This is ________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much・A. Anne and Jane B・ Anne^s and Jane? C. Anne's and Jane D・ Anne and Jane's11. ___________________ ■一Are there any on the farm? —Yes, there are some.A. horseB. duck C・ chicken D. sheep12. ____________ These have saved many children's lives.A・ woman doctors B. women docto C. women doctors D・ woman doctor二.根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。

1.We" ve got a lot of new _______ （杂志）in our school library.2.Autumn is my favourite _（季节）3.…How many ______ （小刀）do you have? …Three.4._________ are widely used in the modern world・5.June 1st is ________ （儿童）Day.6.…Does this piece of ____ （音乐）sound nice?…Yes. It' s wonderful!三•根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。

1.“What's your n ______ ?"“Li Lei."3.Please close the w ____ • It's cold outside.4.If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p _________ .5. A computer is one of the greatesti _______ in the world.6.Zhang Hui is very excited・ He will go to Japan with his p ____ during the Spring Festival・7.At the a ____ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.8.It's only about an h ____ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.9.Health is more important to me than m ______ .10.Be careful! It9s d _________ to run across the street now.部分常用副词的用法1）very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。

Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。

Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。

例如：She is a very nice girl. Pm feeling much better now・They did not talk much・2）too, either这两个副词都表示“也"，但too用于肯定句,either用于否定句。

例如：°She can dance, and I can dance, too.I haven't read the book and my brother hasn't either・3）already, yetalready—般用于肯定句，yet —般用于否定句。

例如：He has already left・ Have you heard from him yet? He hasn^t answered yet.4）so, neitherso和neither都可用于倒装句，但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。

例如：My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesn^t like dancing and neither do I.3.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级⑴两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级：The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.(2)most同形容词连用而不用the,表示"极，很，非常，十分It f s most dangerous to be here.在这儿太危险。